Weekly Learning Activity Sheets General Physics 1 Grade 12, Quarter 2 Week 6

WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
GENERAL PHYSICS 1 GRADE 12, QUARTER 2 WEEK 6
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Name:________________________________ Section: ____________________
Learning Objectives:
- Explain the connection between the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, temperature,

thermal equilibrium, and temperature scales. (STEM_GP12TH-IIg-49)
- Convert temperatures and temperature differences in the following scales:
Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin. (STEM_GP12TH-IIg-50)
- Define coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of volume expansion.
(STEM_GP12TH-IIg-51)
- Calculate volume or length changes of solids due to changes in temperature.
(STEM_GP12TH-IIg-52)
- Solve problems involving temperature, thermal expansion, heat capacity, heat
transfer, and thermal equilibrium in contexts such as but not limited to, the
design of bridges and train rails using steel, relative severity of steam burns and
water burns, thermal insulation, sizes of stars, and surface temperatures of
planets. (STEM_GP12TH-IIg-53)
Specific Objectives:
After the lessons, the students will be able to:
1. Covert equivalent temperature scales.

2. Discuss Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and thermal equilibrium.
3. Solve problems involving thermal expansion and heat.
4. Appreciate the importance of thermal properties of matter through
reflection.
Time Allotment: 5 Hours
Lesson 1. Temperature
Key Concepts
 Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a substance. When a

substance is hot, it has higher kinetic energy than when it is cold.
 The average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a substance is a
measure of temperature. The faster the motion of particles in a body, the higher
is its temperature. When there is a difference in the temperatures of two or
Author: Juzalin P. Costuya
School/Station: Panikian National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
Email address: juzalin.costuya@deped.gov.ph
more bodies, the energy will be transferred from the one which has the higher
temperature to the one with the lower temperature.
 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: “If A is in thermodynamic equilibrium as B,
and if B is in thermodynamic equilibrium as C, then A is in thermodynamic
equilibrium as C.” In equation form, if A = B and B = C, then A = C and
A=B=C
 When a body with higher kinetic energy interacts with a body with a lower
kinetic energy, there will come a time when the kinetic energies of the two will
be the same. That is, the body with higher kinetic energy will be lowered while
the body with lower kinetic energy will be raised. This reminds us of a give and
take process.
 Thermometer is the instrument used to measure temperature. Celsius or
Centigrade scale is the numerical scale used in thermometers from which
temperature is being measured. To ensure that the measurement of
temperature is objective, standards are established. Below are examples of
standard temperature scales.
Fig. 1. Standard Temperature Scales

 Temperature can be expressed in degree Celsius or centigrade (°C), degree
Fahrenheit (°F) and Kelvin (K). (Note: Kelvin does not use the degree symbol.)
 Conversion of temperature
TF = 9/5 ( TC) + 32
TC = 5/9 (TF - 32)
TK = TC + 273. 15
TK = 5/9 (TF - 32) + 273.15

Activity 1. Complete Me!
What you need: paper, pen and scientific calculator
What to do: Complete the table below with the correct values for every unknown. Show
your solutions. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Tc TF TK
Water boils 100 212
Water freezes 0
Absolute zero 0
Normal body temperature 37
Liquid nitrogen boils -300.42
Liquid helium boils 4.2
Activity 2. Answer Me!
What you need: paper and pen
What to do: Answer the following questions as asked. Write your answers in a separate
sheet of paper.
1. The boiling temperature of water is 100 °C. If you put boiling water in a mug
placed at the table top, you observed that after some time the water cools down,
decreasing the temperature of water in the mug. Why is this so? Explain using the
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
2. What happens to objects when temperature increases? For instance, a jar cover
can be removed by putting the cover in hot water. Why is this so?
Lesson 2. Linear and Volume Expansion
Key Concepts
 If an object expands when heated, the change in length of the object provides a
measure of expansion.
 Thermal expansion is defined as the increase in the dimension of an object as
its temperature increases.
a. Linear expansion is expressed as and the new length can be
expressed as , where
is the initial length in meters (m)
is the final length in meters (m)
is the change in temperature (C°)
is the change in length in meters (m)

is the coefficient of linear expansion in 1/ °C
o Expansion can be explained at the molecular level by the increased
vibration in the connections between atoms.
o All linear dimensions increase so an object with volume will expand
volumetrically.
o The coefficient of linear expansion ( ) is constant for specific materials
(see table below).
b. Volume expansion is expressed as

, where
is the change in volume in cubic meter (m 3)
is the initial volume in cubic meter (m3)
is the change in temperature (C°)
is the coefficient of volume expansion in 1/ °C
o For solids, .
o The coefficient of volume expansion ( is constant for specific
materials and is usually higher for liquids than for solids.
Substance (°C)-1
Gasoline 950 x 10-6
Mercury 180 x 10-6
Acetone 1500 x 10-6
Ethyl Alcohol 1100 x 10-6
Glycerin 500 x 10-6
Water 210 x 10-6

Activity 3. Concept Check
What to do: You are given four square sheets. The dimensions of each are: LxL, 2Lx2L,
3Lx3L, 4Lx4L. They are all made from the same material and their
temperature is increased to the same amount. Rank the sheets according to
the increase in their areas, greatest first. Explain your reasoning.
Activity 4. Practice
What you need: paper and scientific calculator
What to do: Solve the following problems and show your solutions. Write your answers
in a separate sheet of paper.
Example: An aluminum baseball bat has a length of 0.88 m at a temperature of 18 °C.

When the temperature of the bat is raised, the bat lengthens by 0.00016 m.
Determine the final temperature of the bat. The coefficient of linear expansion
for aluminum is 24 x 10-6/ °C.
Identify the given components first:
= 0.88 m
Ti = 18 °C
= 0.00016 m
= 24 x 10-6/ °C
Find Tf.
Solution:
, then
, then substitute the values
( )

Therefore, the final temperature to expand the rod by 0.00016 m is 25.57 .
1. A steel beam used in the construction of a bridge is 9.2 m long at 20 . On a hot

summer day, the temperature increases to 40 . What is the change in length due
to linear expansion? The coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 11 x 10 -6/ .
2. A lead rod is heated from 30 to 50 . After the temperature is raised, the rod
lengthens 0.00013 m. What is the initial length of the lead rod? The coefficient of
linear expansion for lead is 29 x 10-6/ .
Activity 5. Reasoning
What to do: Answer the given situation below in a separate sheet of paper.
A piece of square copper sheet with a hole in the middle was heated. Due to thermal
expansion, will the hole in the middle expand or shrink with the metal? Explain your
answer.
Lesson 3. Heat
Key Concepts
 Heat is energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of

lower temperature.
 An object does not contain heat. An object has internal energy that can be
converted to heat and transferred to another object.
 The statement “Isara ang pinto, lalabas ang aircon” is a misconception. The idea
that the cold air is what moves outward is contrary to the fact that heat moves
from a region of higher temperature to one of lower temperature.
 The heat (Q) that must be removed or added to an object depends on three
factors: the change in temperature ( ), the mass of object (m), and the specific
heat capacity (c). These are combined in the equation,
o From this, specific heat capacity can be obtained: .

 Specific heat capacity (c) is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature
of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
 The unit of heat is Joule (J).
 Calorimetry is defined as “measuring heat” or changes in energy of a system by
measuring the heat exchanged with the surroundings.
 Consider the graph below:

 The amount of heat transferred during a phase change is described by
Q = ± mL , where
m is mass in kg and
L can be Lf (latent heat of fusion) or Lv (latent heat of
vaporization) in J/kg.
 The latent heat associated with melting a solid or freezing a liquid is called
heat of fusion; that associated with vaporizing a liquid or a solid or
condensing a vapour is called the heat of vaporization.
 A substance that is cooled to a temperature below its freezing point without
changing from its liquid phase is supercooled.
Sample Problem: Calculate the heat needed to heat up a 2.0 kg copper from 30 °C
to 80 °C.
Solution:
m = 2.0 kg = 80 C° – 30 C° = 50 C° c = 3.9 x 102 J/kg °C
( )
Activity 6. Calculating Heat
What you need: paper, pen and calculator
What to do: Solve the following problems. Write your answers in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Calculate the heat needed to heat up a 6.0 kg copper from 15 °C to 80 °C. The
specific heat capacity of copper is 3.9 x 102 J/kg °C.
2. How much heat is lost if 60 g of iron is cooled from 80 °C to 15 °C? The specific
heat capacity of iron is 4.5 x 102 J/kg °C.
3. What will be the final temperature if 4.0 x 104 J of heat is transferred to a 1.5-
kg block of aluminum initially at 15 °C? The specific heat capacity of
aluminum is 9.0 x 102 J/ kg °C.
Activity 7: Be Conceptual
What to do: Discuss the following questions considering the concepts above. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.
a. A cool drink “sweats” at room temperature. Why is this so?

b. Putting isopropyl alcohol in your skin makes it feel cold. Why?
Lesson 4. Heat Transfer
Key Concepts
 Heat transfer is the process by which energy from an object of higher

temperature is transferred to an object of lower temperature through heat.
 Types of Heat transfer:
i. Conduction – it occurs in metals which involves transfer of heat from
one part to another part of the same object or from one object to
another as long as they are in contact with each other.
ii. Convection – involves the transfer of heat by the movement of a heated
substance such as air/ fluid.
iii. Radiation - a warm object transfers heat through electromagnetic
waves.
 There are several factors that affect conduction: a) more heat flows for longer time,
b) the amount of heat that flows is proportional to the difference in temperature
between two objects, c) a larger cross-sectional area will mean more heat flowing,
and d) a longer bar will mean longer length for heat to pass through and less heat
conducted.
 Factors affecting the rate of heat transfer through convection are density,
viscosity, exposed surface area, and acceleration due to gravity while through
radiation are the emissivity or characteristic of material, cross sectional area and
temperature.

Activity 8. Heat Transfer
What to do: Answer as asked below in a separate

sheet of paper.
A. Describe situations that show heat transfer

via conduction, convection and radiation.
B. Is the picture accurate? Explain your
answer.
Reflection
Give a practical application of any of the
concept that you learned from the learning
activities. Write your 5-sentence answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics:
3 2 1 0
Practical Practical Practical No discussion
application is application is application is
scientifically scientifically explained
explained explained consistent to the
consistent to the consistent to the concepts, but with
concepts, and has concepts, but with misconceptions.
no misconception. minimal
misconception.
References:
Bacabac, Rommel et al. Teaching Guide: General Physics 1. Quezon City: Commission on
Higher Education, 2016.
Coronade, Gary and Boncodin, Maria Carmela. Physics IV. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, 2006.
Santos, Gil Nonato. General Physics 1. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2017.

Act ivit y 1
Act ivit y 5 A.
The diameter will become smaller, as the metal is Tc TF TK
heated, it will expand, as hole too will expand Water boils 100 212 373.15
inwards. Water freezes 0 32 273.15
Absolute zero -459.67 -268.95 0
Act ivit y 6 Normal body 37 98.6 310.15
1. Q = 1.5 x 105 J temperature
2. Q = -1.8 x 103 J Liquid nitrogen boils -195.79 -300.42 77.36
3. Tf = 45 °C Liquid helium boils - 268.95 -452.11 4.2
Act ivit y 7 Act ivit y 2
Answers may vary 1. Objects tend to reach thermal equilibrium with its
surroundings.
2. Objects expand when temperature increases.
Act ivit y 8
Answers may vary Act ivit y 3
Answers may vary
Act ivit y 4
1. 2.0 x 10-3 m
2. 0.22 m
Answer Key

Weekly Learning Activity Sheets General Physics 1 Grade 12, Quarter 2 Week 6

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WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 GRADE 12, QUARTER 2 WEEK 6

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Name:________________________________ Section: ____________________

- Explain the connection between the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, temperature,

After the lessons, the students will be able to:

1. Covert equivalent temperature scales.

Time Allotment: 5 Hours

 Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a substance. When a

Fig. 1. Standard Temperature Scales

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

What you need: paper, pen and scientific calculator

Activity 2. Answer Me!

What you need: paper and pen

Lesson 2. Linear and Volume Expansion

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

b. Volume expansion is expressed as

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

What you need: paper and pen

What you need: paper and scientific calculator

Example: An aluminum baseball bat has a length of 0.88 m at a temperature of 18 °C.

Identify the given components first:

, then substitute the values

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

1. A steel beam used in the construction of a bridge is 9.2 m long at 20 . On a hot

What you need: paper and pen

 Heat is energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of

o From this, specific heat capacity can be obtained: .

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

m = 2.0 kg = 80 C° – 30 C° = 50 C° c = 3.9 x 102 J/kg °C

Activity 6. Calculating Heat

What you need: paper, pen and calculator

What you need: paper and pen

a. A cool drink “sweats” at room temperature. Why is this so?

Lesson 4. Heat Transfer

 Heat transfer is the process by which energy from an object of higher

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

What you need: paper and pen

What to do: Answer as asked below in a separate

A. Describe situations that show heat transfer

Author: Juzalin P. Costuya

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