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A thin paper with great wet strength and a very high flow rate. Frequently used in technical
applications such as the filtration of viscous liquids and emulsions (e.g., sweetened juices, spirits
and syrups, resin solutions, oils or plant extracts). Available prepleated as Grade 520 a ½.
Grade 0860: 12 µm
Comparable to 0858 but with a smooth surface, slightly thinner and faster. Also available
prepleated asGrade 0860 ½.
Quantitative Papers
Suitable for general quantitative analysis. These grades are useful for both coarse and fine as well as gelatinous
precipitates.
Refractivity:
a measure of the extent to which a medium will cause the deviation of a
ray of light or other electromagnetic radiation entering its surface. If
the refractive index of a medium is n, its refractivity is (n − 1).
The specific refractivity is given by (n − 1)/ρ, where ρ is the density of
the medium. The molecular refractivity is the specific refractivity
multiplied by the relative molecular mass.
Significance:
The index of refraction (n) and molar refraction (RD) are indications of the
manner in which a molecule interacts with light. The index of refraction is the
ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the medium
(v):
n = c/v
This is a dimensionless parameter which ranges between 1.3 and 1.5 for
organic liquids. The refractive index is measured using a beam of
monochromatic light - typically, the yellow light of the sodium D line
(wavelength λ = 589.3 nm). Thus, n20D indicates the wavelength used, D, and
the temperature, 20'C. Other wavelengths used are the C and F lines of
hydrogen λ = 656.3 nm and 486.1 nm, respectively) and the G line of mercury
( λ = 435.8 nm). Molar refraction, RD, is a function of the density,ρ , of the
medium. The Lorentz-Lorenz equation expresses the relationship between
RD, ρ , and n, based upon electromagnetic theory:
RD =(n^2-1/n^2+2)M/ ρ
Molar refraction and refractive indices have many uses. They are often required
in confirming the identity and purity of a compound Determination of
molecular structure and weight is often aided by these parameters. RD is also
used in other estimation schemes, such as in critical properties , surface
tension , and the solubility parameter, which is a measure of intermolecular
forces . The refractive index, n, is affected by changes in temperature, pressure,
and wavelength of radiation. (RD remains nearly constant with changes of
temperature and pressure by virtue of the density factor, which is a function of
temperature and pressure and. thus offsets these effects.)