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` In WCDMA specifications, chip rate is fixed to 3.84 Mchip/s, and bandwidth of channel to 5
MHz
` Frequency areas allocated for UTRA FDD are 1920 - 1980 MHz in uplink direction and 2110
- 2170 MHz in downlink.
` For UTRA TDD, two bands, 1900 - 1920 MHz and 2010 - 2015 MHz are allocated.
` The radio frame structure in UMTS is such that in uplink and downlink, separate 5 MHz
bands are used for transmission. Transmission is divided into 10ms radio frames, which
consists of 15 slots, and each slot consists of 2560 chips. One slot also corresponds to one
power control period.


Conversational Service per RAB 1%
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Streaming Service per RAB 2%


` An UE measures the level of all hearable CPICH (common pilot channel) pilot signals. In
a normal situation, when the UE is connected to only one cell, the strongest pilot is from
the cell it is connected to. Reporting range is the threshold for establishing connection to
another cell, i.e. making a SHO connection. Active set (AS) means the set of cells that
are simultaneously involved in the communication with UE [18]. When another pilot
signal is strong enough, and AS is not full, the cell is added to the AS, if it is above
à
àà X
 à for time to trigger (). Similarly, a cell is removed from the
AS, if the level of the pilot is below à
àà -
 à for time of . A cell is
replaced with another cell, if the level of the best pilot outside AS is higher than the level
of the worst pilot in AS X
 à  à à
  for time of , and the AS is full.
[15].
` The data rate of spreading code is called chip rate, and it is denoted by , and transfer
data rate is denoted with . Ratio is called spreading factor (SF). Using lower data
rate than chip rates gives additional gain to the signal to interference ratio after
despreading. Therefore the ratio is called also processing gain (PG) presented
usually in dBs, as defined in Equation 3.6. An advantage of using spread spectrum
modulation is its high tolerance to interference, unintentional or intentional (jamming)
Anti-jamming capability is illustrated in Figure 3.8. Since spread spectrum signal level
can be below noise level, as shown in Figure 3.8 b), it is also difficult to detect by an
unintended receiver ë = 10 10()



 





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