UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ECM226: BUILDING SERVICES LABORATORY

3. CLAS EC110
COOLING TOWER
S: 4B

MEMBERS OF GROUP
NAME UiTM MATRIC
20092181
1. Safwan Sani Bin Mohd Sa’id 64
Ahmad Saifuddin Bin 20092269
2. Othman 38
20094397
3. Muhd Faiz Bin Shukor 58
Tg Ahmad Busyra Bin Tg 20096802
4. Khiarafif 84

Lecturer’s Name : Nur Masyitah Osman

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 Submitted Date : 1 March 2011

TABLE OF CONTENT

No. TITLE PAGE

1.0 Introduction 3

2.0 Objectives 3

3.0 Apparatus 3

4.0 Experimental Procedure 4

5.0 Results 5-6

6.0 Discussions 7

7.0 Conclusion 8

8.0 References 9

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INTRODUCTION:

Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer

process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may
either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and
cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the function and the flow of the water in the

cooling tower.

APPARATUS:

Cooling tower which contained fan, manometer, basin, flow

meter, make-up tank, water outlet temperature, float
valve, packing, thermostat, heater, pump, switch, air
distribution chamber, water distribution system, air inlet
temperature, air outlet temperature, orifice, droplet
arrester, connection for orifice differential pressure,
connection for pressure drop across packing, damper.

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PROCEDURE:

1.The technician explained the theoretical part of the cooling

tower.
2.Then, he explained how the cooling tower works for
cooling.
3. The original plan is that to conduct the experiment and
gain the temperature for certain part of the cooling tower.
4. Because of the cooling tower cannot be used due to some
damage or error on the machine, the experiment was
unable to conducted.

RESULT:

The function of each part of cooling tower:

1. Make-up tank
-To refill the water inside the chiller.

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2. Float valve
-Allow the water entering the make-up tank into the chiller
when there is any drop of water level.

3. Pump
-Pump hot water from the chiller to the control valve and
to the recirculation.

4. Control valve
-Control the flow of water.

5. Flow meter
-show the flow rate of water.

6. Water distribution system

- allows water to flow from the flow meter into the packed
column.

7. Orifice
-allows the flow of hot air to the surroundings.

8. Droplets arrester
- arrest water vapor so that there will be less water loss in
the system.

9. Damper
-Let the air to enter the system through the air inlet by
blowing air with its fan into the air distribution chamber

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10. Water Outlet

- let the water flows from the basin into the chiller.

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 chiller

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DISCUSSION:

The flow system of Cooling Tower:

1. Water which in the chiller was being heat up by the heater.

Practically, the heaters represented the condenser part of an
air conditioner.

2. The water will absorb the heat from the heaters and
automatically being pump through the control valve and then
flow along the water distribution system. Notice that the
water that being pumped flow into two direction, to the
control valve and recirculation.

3. From the water distribution system, the water will fall down
due to gravitation attraction, even the vapor will be block by
the droplet arrester. The water that flow downward will be
separated, this increase the total expose area of water to the
surroundings so that the water will cool faster.
From the bottom, the air inlet will fan (blows) the air form
surroundings into the air distribution chamber. The air will
blow the air from the bottom of the tower up to the orifice.
The air blows alternately with the flow of the water flows, this
cause thermal equilibrium when the hot water particle and air
particle from the surrounding alternately collision with each
others.

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 The water will cools and flow back to the basin and again
flows back into the chiller while the hot air released to the
surroundings through the orifice.

Extra Add-on question;

A) Why do many of the large building have a cooling tower?

This is because large building needs to absorb large amount of
heat to the surroundings area. Thus, one simple air conditioning
system is just not enough to absorb all the heat in the building.
The cooling tower system is just a part of an air conditioning
system. Therefore, large building will have a cooling tower on the
top floor and sometimes at the next of the building such as Dewan
kuliah 1 and Dewan kuliah 2 in Uitm Jengka’s kampus.

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 Cooling tower air condition system a building
(huge room)

B) What is the difference between Cooling tower and Air-conditioner?

Air conditioner same as a refrigerator system which to absorb

heat from the inner surroundings, however Cooling tower actually
a part of the cooling system. If air condition uses fan to discharge
heat from the condenser, cooling tower discharge the heat through
liquid (water) for faster and effective heat absorbing process. Then
the cooling tower will cycle the water into a cooling system so that
the water cools again to absorb the heat again from the condenser.

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 C) Is the volume of water inside the cooling water is constant?
The water in the cooling tower system actually will decrease
with small amount. This is because the air blows from the bottom
will evaporate water particle and blows it away through the droplet
arrester although the droplet arrester can filter most of the water
vapor particles. That’s why the system provided a make-up tank
and a float valve, the make-up tank provided water that needs to
refill the water inside the system. The float valve will open the path
for the water in the make-up tank to enter the chiller if there any
drop level of water inside the system.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, cooling tower is an important system for

the cooling system of the huge building. The flow of the
system and the function for each part was determined and
the objective have been achieved.

REFERENCE:

✔ UiTM, ECM 226 Building Services Laboratory manual

✔ Liu Cheng, Jack B. Evert : Structure Properties second edition

Book : testing, measurement and evaluation, England 2001.

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✔ www.J.M. Illston. Construction material.2005.

✔ www. miceMalaysia. Picture/ code-4005409. Wikid.com

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