1. discipline n.

- quality of being able to

behave and work in a controlled way
to have discipline
adj. to be disciplined
2. controversial issues:-an issue that
causes controversy, people disagree or argue
about controversial issues
3. take a stand:-adopt a firm position about
and issue
e.g: for me it's
difficult to take atand on spanking.
4. rage n.-1. a feeling of violent anger that
is difficult to control.
2. an interest followed with
exagerated zeal. e.g: it was all the rage that
season
v.- rage(at/against/about sb/sth) to
show that you are very angry about sth or
with sb, expecially by shouting.
to be enraged
5. reassurance n. - the fact of giving advice
or help that takes away a person's fears or
doubts.
reassure v. - ~sb(about sth) to say or do sth
that makes sb less frightened or worried.
6.Mutual aid -Support each other.
-arrangement between at least
two people to assist each other
-(of two or more people or
groups) feeling the same emotion or doing
the same thing to or for each other.
7. car pool n. - a group of car owners who
take turns to drive everyone in the group to
work.
-a smal group of car drivers who
arrange to take turns driving while the orther
are passengers
 8. mentor n. - an experienced person who
advise and help sb with less experience over
a period of time
-a wise and trusted guide and
advisor. e.g:the famous teacher mentored
him during his years in graduate school.
-a person who gives another
person help and advise over a period of time
and then also teaches them how to do their
job.
9.enhance n.- to make greater,as in value ,
beauty or effectiveness;augment
to provide with improved or
sophisticated features. e.g:computer sofware
enhanced with cutting-edge functionalities.
10. broaden.v. -broadened. adj.-to make or
become broard or broarder, widen
-to increase the range of
something
 11.gratification。n. -state of being pleased
or satisfied; satisfaction
-condition tof being
gratified.
12.intensity. n. - strength

exceptionally great contratration,

power or force.e.g. I have an intense
realtionship with my close friend.

intense adj. - (~ of sensations) - very

great or severe
-(~ of emotions,ect) very
strong
-(~ of people) highly
emotional
13.obligation n. law, moral pressure,
promise, ect that forces one to do sth
 think that we have to do. e.g:as
student i have a lot of obligations.
14.intersect v intersection(n) divide (sth)
by going across it.
to come to the same point.
to cut accross or through. e.g:
the parth intersect the park.
e.g. Our lives interesected at ELI.

15.intrusive adj. coming without invitation

or welcome
e.g. intrusive questions
intrusive friend

16.compromise n. an agreement between

opposing parties to settle a dispute.
 v. to allow your principles
to be weakned or your standards or morals
to be lowered

17. confide.v. reveal in private, tell

confidentially.

18. bully. a person who is habitually cruel or

overbearing, especially to smaller or weaker
people.

19. in retropect - review look back upon { a

period of time, sequence of events]

20. to be on the wrong track- to be on the

wrong direction.
vigilant (adj) - giving careful attention to
what is happening, so that you will notice
any danger or illegal activity

vicious (adj) - violent and cruel in a way

that hurts someone physically

double-edged sword (n) - something that

has or can have both favorable and
unfavorable consequences

put down (v) - something you say that is

intended to make someone feel stupid or
unimportant

vulnerable (adj) - capable of being

physically or emotionally wounded,
someone who is vulnerable can be easily
harmed or hurt
legalization(n.)-the act of making lawful.
legalize(v.)-to make something legal so that
people are allowed to do it.
legal(adj.)-if something is legal, you are
allowed to do it or have to do it by law.

to be sitting on the fence-not to take sides

in a dispute; not to make a clear choice
between two possibilities.

terminally ill( adj, phrase.)-When a person

is not expected to live because he has an
incurable disease.

painless(adj.)-causing you no pain. eg: The

treatment is painless.
 -not unpleasant or difficult to
do. eg: The interview was relatively
painless.

irreversible(adj.)-that cannot be changed

back to what it was before: an irreversible
change / decline / decision

beat around the bush- to treat a topic but

omit its main points, often intentionally; to
delay or avoid talking about something
difficult or unpleasant.

resent v. feel bitter or indignant about

resentful adj. full of or marked by
resentment or indignant; ill will
resentment n. a felling of deep and bitter
angry and ill-will

adjust v. - adapt or conform oneself to new

or different conditions
- alter or regulate so as to achieve
accuracy or conform a standard
adjustment n. - making and becoming
suitable
- the process of adapting to
something

detrimental adj. causing harm or injury,

damaging
judgmental adj. having a tendency to
make judgments (of value) - negative
meaning

to be outraged - angered at something

unjust or wrong
outrageous adj. - grossly offensive to
decency or morality; causing horror
- greatly exceeding bounds
of reason or moderation
It is outrageous.

Rigid (adj) - rigid methods, systems etc are

very strict and difficult to change, someone
who behaves in
a rigid way is very unwilling to
change
Anticipate (v) - to expect that something
will happen and be ready for it

Minimize (v) - to reduce something that is

difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant to the
smallest possible amount or degree
[≠ maximize]

Bizarre (adj) - very unusual or strange

Euphoria (n) - an extremely strong feeling

of happiness and excitement which usually
only lasts for
a short time [Euphoric (adj)]
 Sullen (adj)- angry and unwilling to
smile or be pleasant to people.
 Infectious (adj)-able to pass a
disease from one person, animal or
plant to another
 Landmark (n)- a building or place
that is easily recognized, especially
one which you can use to judge where
you are
 Accomplishment (n)-something
that is successful, or that is achieved
after a lot of work or effort
 Hectic (adj)- full of activity; very
busy and fast
 Isolated (adj)- not near to other
places
 Nurture (v)- to feed and protect
 Potential (adj)-possible, as
opposed to actual
 Tangible (adj)- capable of being
touched; discernible by the touch;
material or substantial.
 Radiant (adj)- emitting rays of
light; shining; bright
 Humble (adj)-not considering
yourself or your ideas to be as
important as other people's.(--e.g. a
modest and humble man)
-humility (noun)
 Ignorance (noun) -lack of
knowledge or information about
something. ignorance of--our
ignorance of the true
situation
-ignorant (adj)
 painstaking (adj)-very careful and
thorough
 illiterate (adj&noun)-someone who
is illiterate has not learned to read or
write
 meticulous (adj)-
very careful about small details, and
always making sure that everything is
done correctly
-meticulous in/about
 fastidious (adj)-very careful
about small details in your appearance,
work etc
 comprehensively (adv)-of large
scope; covering or involving
much;having an extensive mental
range or grasp.
 rehearse(v)-1.to practice (a
musical composition, a play, a speech,
etc.) in private prior to a public
presentation.
2.to drill or train (an actor, musician,
etc.) by rehearsal, as for some
performance or part.
3.to relate the facts or particulars of;
recount.
 frustrated(adj)-
disappointed; having a feeling of or
filled with frustration; dissatisfied:
eg.His unresolved difficulty left him
absolutely frustrated.
 with a jolt(phrase)- suddenly,
move by a sudden rough thrust; eg. i
awoke with a jolt.

(1) Uplifting (a.) - making you feel

happier or giving you more hope
(2) Vicious circle (n.) - a situation in
which one problem causes another
problem which then makes the first
problem worse

(3) Hassle (n.) - a situation that is

annoying because it involves doing
sth difficult or complicated that needs a
lot of effot
(v.) - to annoy sb or cause them
trouble, especially by asking them to do
sth many times

(4) Occur (v.) - to happen

- to exist or be found
somewhere
[~ + adv./prep.]
(5) Hold a grudge － （idiomatic) To stay
angry ( at someone or something) far
longer then is reasonable.
eg: That guy sure can
hold a grudge when something goes
wrong.

(6) Spoil (v.) - to change sth good into sth

bad, unpleasant, useless,etc.
- to give a child everything
that they ask for and not enough
discipline in a way that has a bad effect
on their character and behaviour
- (of food) to become bad so
that it can no longer be eaten

(7) Unconditional (a.) - without any

conditions or limits
 eg: She gave her
children unconditional love
unconditionally (ad.)

(8) Rod (n.) - a long straight piece of

wood, metal or glass
- a stick that is used for
hitting people as punishment
eg: There used to be a
saying:' Spare the rod and spoil the child.'

(9) Paternal (a.) - connected with being a

father; topical of a kind father
eg: paternal love
paternally (ad.)
 Maternal (a.) - having feelings that
are typical of a caring mother towards a
child
eg: maternal love
- connected with being a
mother
eg: Maternal age affects
the baby's survival rate.
maternally (ad.)

(10) A penny for your thoughts －

(idiomatic) Used to inquire into the
thoughts and feeling of another, especially
when the person appears pensive or
conflicted.
(11) To have an ear for language-be adept
in some auditory skill such as languages,
music, etc
 e.g: He had a good ear for
languages at school so I’m not surprised
that he’s now a fluent speaker of Arabic.
(12) Billboard-(n&v)
-(n) a flat surface or board,
usually outdoors, on which large
advertisements or notices are posted.
-(v) used with object to
place, advertise, proclaim, etc., on or as if
on a billboard.
e.g:The movie was
billboarded as the year's biggest hit.
(13) Under siege-an attempt to capture a
fort or town by keeping it surrounded by
an armed force until it surrenders
e.g:The town is under
siege.
(14) idiomatic (adj)-peculiar to or
characteristic of a particular language or
dialect.
e.g: idiomatic french

-having a distinct style

or character, especially in the arts:
idiomatic writing an idiomatic composer.
(15) Violate (v)-(used with object), -lat·ed,
-lat·ing.
-to break, infringe, or
transgress.
e.g: ~ a law,
~ a rule,
~ an agreement,
~ a promise,
~ an instructions.
 Violation (n)-a breach,
infringement, or transgression, as of a
law, rule, promise, etc.
e.g: He was fined for a
traffic violation.
(16) Stutter (v.) - to have difficulty
speaking because you cannot stop
yourself from repeating the first sound of
some words several times
(n.) - a speech problem in
which a person finds it difficult to say the
first sound of a word and repeats it
several times
(17)Faulty (a.) - not perfect; not working
or made correctly
- (of a way of thinking)
wrong or containing mistakes, often
resulting in bad decisions
(18)Shifty eyes - seeming to be dishonest;
looking guilty about sth
(19)Hover (v.) - (of birds, helicopters,etc)
to stay in the air in one place
- (of a person) to wait
somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or
uncertain manner
eg: He hovered nervously
in the doorway.
(20)Toxic (a.) - containing poison;
poisonous

1.overwhelmed -–verb (used with object) to

overcome completely in mind or feeling:
overwhelmed by remorse.

2.lethargic-–adjective drowsy; without

energy e.g.
3.conflict- –verb (used without object) 1. to
come into collision or disagreement; be
contradictory, at variance, or in opposition;
clash: The account of one eyewitness
conflicted with that of the other. My class
conflicts with my going to the concert. 2. to
fight or contend; do battle. –noun 3. a fight,
battle, or struggle, especially a prolonged
struggle; strife. 4. controversy; quarrel:
conflicts between parties. 5. discord of
action, feeling, or effect; antagonism or
opposition, as of interests or principles: a
conflict of ideas. 6. a striking together;
collision. 7. incompatibility or interference,
as of one idea, desire, event, or activity with
another: a conflict in the schedule. 8.
Psychiatry . a mental struggle arising from
opposing demands or impulses.

4.chronic-–adjective 1. constant; habitual;

inveterate: a chronic liar. 2. continuing a
long time or recurring frequently: a chronic
state of civil war. 3. having long had a
disease, habit, weakness, or the like: a
chronic invalid. 4. (of a disease) having long
duration ( opposed to acute).

5.laid back-–adjective Slang . 1. relaxed or

unhurried: laid-back music rhythms. 2. free
from stress; easygoing; carefree: a laid-back
way of living.

6. to be confined- To be restricted in
movement: The sick child was confined to
bed.

7. let off steam- release energy, strong

feelings, nervous tension, etc. by intense
physical activity or noisy behaviour
8. fatal-adjective. 1.causing or ending in
death 2.causing disaster or failure

9. barrier-noun. 1.an object like a fence that

prevent people from moving forward one
place to another 2.a problem, rule or
situation that prevent sb from doing sth, or
that makes sth impossible.

10. good will-noun.1.the ability to control

your thoughts and actions in order to
achieve what you want to do 2.a feeling of
strong determination to do sth that you want
to do

11. obvious-adjective. 1.(to sb)easy to see or

understand 2.that most people would think
of or agree to
12. flush-v.1. to wash with water, (syn.) to
rinse away 2.to become red in the face,
(syn.) to blush

13. perspiration: the sensible elimination of

fluid through the pores of the skin, which is
visible as droplets on the skin

14. exhaustion-n.1.complete tiredness,

fatigue

15. delusional: A false belief strongly held

in spite of invalidating evidence, especially
as a symptom of mental illness: delusions of
persecution
16. tune out zone out
17. close call
18. pump up boost
19. strenuous. adj.1 needing great effort
20. gist-n. the general idea (of a discussion,
situation, writing, etc.)