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Homeostasis
• maintenance of the internal environment in the face of a changing external environment
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Aldesteron
Sex hormone
2. Decreases immunity
[Possibility of Cancers- healing of the wounds decreases- bones decay]
1. Dissolves protein in the body
2. Decreasing immunity cells (Eosinophils & Lymphocytes)
3. Anti bodies decreases
4. NK cells decreases
5. Reduction of Lymph nodes
3. Mental effects
Anxiety symptoms
Depressive symptoms
Psychotic symptoms
All the consequences of cortisol excess
Fatigue Decreased immune system
Sleep disturbances Increased risk for osteoporosis
Bone loss Sugar cravings
Weight gain waist, increased belly fat Low energy
Loss of muscle mass, contraction skin Night sweats
Anxiety Binge eating
Memory lapse Increased cholesterol, triglycerides and
Irritability blood sugar
Stress
Hypothalamus
ANS
Sympathetic arousal
1. Increases glucose in blood [Glycogen in liver + dissolve the fat layer and produces glucose]
2. Expand the arteries in the hart and increase blood supply to the hart.
3. Expand the blood vassals in body muscles, but shrink the blood vassals in the skin
4. Expand the respiratory track & helps the intake of Oxygen
5. Decrease the activities (digestion) of the digestive track
6. Increase the activity of sweating glands
• Emotion is more general (could be positive or negative) and more short-lived (though a
negative emotion can lead to stress over time) than stress
• Example: fear of doing poorly on an exam upon learning about exam in January, stress
develops throughout the term as the exam approaches in March
• Stress can cause headaches ,indigestion, exhaustion, neck and shoulder pain
• Stress can also result in unhealthy behaviors like smoking, overuse of alcohol, compulsive
overeating, and poor sleep habits.
Effects of Stress on Immunity System
Stress
Reduce
Reduce Protein
appetite Brain (-) Neuropeptides
[When living with Negative thoughts]
(in short term)
Reduce Hypothalamus
Immunity Reduce
Immunity
Cortisol
• Adrenaline and cortisol that are released during stress appear to increase suppressor T-cells,
decrease helper T-cells, and decrease functioning of phagocytes and lymphocytes.
Hypothalamus
Increasing
Pulse Rate
ANS Pituitary
Increasing of ACTH
blood pressure
Cortisol (increase
fluid in blood)
Shrink the blood vessels Adrenalin
(In the skin)
Noradrenalin
Increasing of
blood pressure
When Stressed
3. Anxiety short & quick breaths Abdomen gets filled with air
“Butterflies in the Stomach”
4. Stress Parasympathetic arousal
The need to go to the toilet from time to time when getting ready to go somewhere or at outside
the home (Irritable bowel’s syndrome)
Pituitary Gland
ACTH
Cortisol
Cortisol Bringing the fat in lower part of the body toward upper parts such as; face, stomach, back,
neck and storing the fat in those places. (Like a barrel)
Effects of Stress and Diabetes
Stress
Hypothalamus
ANS Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Squeezing (Constriction) the Respiratory track (tube) Over releasing out of CO2 from
Increase phlegm (mucus) [YAf,AIAu, Y%djh]
Panic attacks
Stress
Parasympathetic