Guess Paper – 2009 Class – X Subject – Mathematics Formulae • • • • • •

1.Compound Interest
S.I = PTR 100. Amt = Pri ( 1 + Rat )Time 100 Note : If you are asked to compute
the interest semi-annually ( Half yearly) the above formula is to be modified, b
y taking time x 2, and rate 2 If the rates are given differently for the consecu
tive years, then For example if the rates are 8 % , 12 % and 15 % respectively,
then Amt = Pri ( 1 + 8 ) ( 1 + 12 ) ( 1 +15 ) 100 100 100. Here, you need not me
ntion time as exponent. Depreciation Certain items value will be diminished as t
he time passes, then it is known as depreciation. For example the value of a car
, refrigerator, machinery etc. in that case. Final Value of machine = Actual val
ue ( 1 – Rat )Time 100 In population growth problems, If present population is giv
en and asking for i) The population ‘n’ yrs ago, then take Amount as ‘Present populati
on’, and find ‘Principal’ ii) The population after ‘n’ yrs, then take Principal as ‘Present
population’, and find ‘Amount’
•
2.Sales Tax & VAT.
• • • Selling price = Marked price + x % of sales tax. Selling price = Marked price – x
% Discount . Tax % = Tax x 100 MP • Discount % = Discount x 100 MP. While computin
g VAT In step1 : Take manufacturing cost and Calculate VAT on Manufacturing Cost
In step2 : Take Profit 1, and Calculate VAT on Profit 1 only In step3 : Take Pr
ofit 2, and Calculate VAT on Profit 2 only In step4 : Take Profit 3, and Calcula
te VAT on Profit 3 only Add all to get Total VAT Selling price = Manufacturing c
ost +Profit 1 +Profit 2 + Profit 3 etc., + Total VAT
3.Banking
Savings Bank account • While taking the entries you have to bear in mind that • • • Whil
e computing the interest always take time as 1/12, irrespective of the total num
ber of months given. i.e in PTR / 100, take time as 1/12, instead of total no of
months. If entry of a particular month is not given, then you have to take the
last entry of the previous month (Here at times there is chance of making mistak
e, choose the value from the question.) I f you are asked to find the amount tha
t will be obtained on closing the account Then take last entry from the Question
+ Interest obtained ( But DO NOT take the Total principal ) Recurring Deposits
:
4.Shares & Dividends
• • • Dividend = [x % of Face Value] x No of shares No of shares = Investment . Market
Val of one share ‘Income’ of a person may be taken as the ‘Dividend’ given by the compa
ny, therefore income % = Income x 100 Investment
5.HCF & LCM of polynomials
In step1 : Factorize the given polynomials, a) Either by splitting the terms, (O
R) b) Using formulae ( a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ( a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2. a2 – b2 = (a
+ b)(a – b). a4 – b4 = (a2 ) 2 – (b2 ) 2. (a2 + b2 ) (a2 – b2 ) (a2 + b2 ) (a – b ) (a +
b ) ( a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a +b) a3 + b3 = (a + b)( a2 + ab + b2) ( a – b)3 =
a3 – b3 – 3ab (a – b ) a3 – b3 = (a – b)( a2 + ab + b2)
(or)
Trial & Error method. In step2 : Take the product of ‘Common terms’ as their HCF. In
step3 : Take the product of All the terms , Omit, the HCF value which gives you
the value of LCM. Product of LCM x HCF = Product of the two polynomials. Note:
If cubical expression is given, it may be factorized by using ‘Trial & Error” method
.
6.Quadratic Equations.
Note: To find the value of ‘x’ you may adopt either ‘splitting the middle term’ or ‘formul
a method’, unless specified the method.
Note: when x = y, is given, then use ruler to measure the vertical distance of t
he point from the line, and then take the same distance on the other side to obt
ain it’s reflection.
8.Ratio & Proportion.
• Duplicate ratio of a : b is a2 : b2 ( Incase of Sub-duplicate ratio you have to
take ‘Square root’) • Triplicate ratio of a : b is a3 : b3 ( Incase of Sub-triplicate
ratio you have to take ‘Cube root’) • Proportion a : b = c : d, Continued Proportion a
: b = b : c,(Middle value to be repeated) 1st 2nd 3rd 4th proportionals 1st 2nd
2nd 3rd proportionals • Product of ‘Means’(Middle values) = Product of ‘Extremes’(Either
end values)
• If a = c is given, then Componendo & Dividendo is a + b = c + d b d a–b c–d Do you h
ave a question “ Where to take “K” method ?” You may adopt it in the following situation
s
Length on the map / model = ‘ k ‘ times the original length. Area on the map / model
= ‘ k2 ‘ times the original Area. Volume of the model = ‘ k3 ‘ times the original Volum
e.
9.Remainder theorem.
If (x – 2 ) is a factor of the given expression, then
10.Matrices
Some times, you may be asked to find A2 + AB + 7 is given, you have to assume it
as A2 + AB + 7 I, Here, I is the Identity matrix. in which all the principal di
agonal values are 1, and the rest are ‘Zero’.
11.Distance & Section Formulae
• • • Distance = \/ (x2 – x1) 2 + (y2 – y1) 2 . ( The same formula is to be used to find t
he length of line segment, sides of a triangle, square, rectangle, parallelogram
etc.,) To prove co-linearity of the given three points A,B, and C, You have to
find The distance of AB + The distance of BC = The distance of AC. Section formu
la: point (x, y) = m1 x2 + m2 x1 , m1 y2 + m2 y1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
m1 + m2 • • Mid point = x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 2 2 Centroid of a triangle = x1 + x2 + x3
3
m1 + m2
,
y1 + y2 + y3 3
12.Equation of a line.
• • • • • •
If two points are given, then Slope (m) = y2 – y1 x2 – x1 If a point, and slope are
given, then Slope (m) = y – y1 x – x1 If two lines are ‘Parallel’ to each other then the
ir slopes are equal i.e m1 = m2 If two lines are ‘Perpendicular’ to each other then
product of their slopes is – 1. i.e m1 x m2 = – 1 Depending upon the question You ma
y have to use a) y = mx + c, where ‘c’ is the y-intercept.
13.Similarity.
If two triangles are similar then, ratio of their sides are equal. i.e if Δ ABC ~ Δ
PQR then AB = BC = AC PQ QR PR. If Δ ABC ~ Δ PQR then Area of Δ ABC = Side2 = AB2 = BC
2 = AC2 Area of Δ PQR Side2 PQ2 QR2 PR2
•
Size transformation: Length of the model = ‘k’ times the actual length. [Here ‘k’ is to
be taken as 1 / 10000 ] Area of the model = ‘k2’ times the actual area. [Here ‘k2’ is to
be taken as (1 / 10000) 2 ] Volume of the model = ‘k3’ times the actual volume. [He
re ‘k3’ is to be taken as (1 / 10000) 3 ]
14.Symmetry.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A line which divides the given figure into two identical parts
is known as line of ‘Symmetry’ An angle has One line of symmetry. A Square has 4 li
nes of symmetry. A Rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry. A Parallelogram has No lin
es of symmetry. A Rhombus has 2 lines of symmetry. An Isosceles Triangle has One
line of symmetry.
7. An Equilateral Triangle has 3 lines of symmetry. 8. A Circle has Infinite lin
es of symmetry. 9. A Regular Polygon with ’n’ sides has ‘n’ lines of symmetry. For ex: A
Regular pentagon (5 sides) has 5 lines of symmetry A Regular hexagon (6 sides)
has 6 lines of symmetry. Note: Angle of a regular polygon = ( 2n – 4 )x 90 n. Here
‘n’ refers number of sides of a polygon. ( This formula may be used to construct a
regular Polygon.)
15.Loci.
• • The ‘Locus’ of a line segment is it’s Perpendicular bisector. The ‘Locus’ of an angle i
t’s Angle bisector. For solving most of the ‘Locus’ problems, the above two points are
good enough. In addition to these points, You should have the basic knowledge o
f geometrical constructions. Also look at the given figure in terms of either ‘lin
e segments’ or ‘angles’
16.Circles, & Tangents.
•
Equal chords of a circle are equi distant from the center.
•
The sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is always 1800.
17.Circumference & Area of a Circle.
• • • Area of a Circle = Area of sector =
πr.
2
.
Perimeter of a Circle = 2 π r
x π r2 . 360 • Length of an arc = x 2π r. 360 • Area of ring = π ( R2 – r2 ) • Distance mov
by a wheel in one revolution = Circumference of the wheel. • Number of revolutions
= Total distance moved Circumference of the wheel. Area of an equilateral trian
gle = \/3 Side2. 4 Note: While solving ‘Mensuration’ roblems, take care of the foll
owing. 1. If diameter of a circle is given, then find the radius first (Have you
made mistake earlier by taking ‘d’ as ‘radius’ and solved the roblem ?) 2. Check the u
nits of the entire data. If the units are different, then convert them to the sa
me units. For Exam le: Diameter = 14 cm, and Height = 3 m Therefore Diameter = 1
4 cm, and Height = 300 cm (Have you ever committed such mistake ?)
. . .
18.Solids.
1. Cylinder: Volume of a cylinder = Curved surface area Total surface area = =
πr h 2 πrh 2 π r h + 2π r2
2
2 πr (h +r )
2. Cone:
Volume of hollow cylinder = π R2h – π r2h π ( R2 – r2) h TSA of hollow cylinder = Outer CS
A + Inner CSA + 2 x Area of ring. 2 πRh + 2 πrh + 2x [π R2 – π r2] ( Of course, If you wan
t, you may take ‘common’ ) 2 Volume of a Cone = ⅓ π r h. CSA of a Cone TSA of a Cone ( H
ere ’l’ refers to ‘Slant height’ which may be obtained by using ‘Pythagoras theorem’ ) 2 =
l + πr . πr ( l + r ) =
πr l
3. S here: Surface area of a S here = 4π r2. ( In case of S here, there is no CSA,
TSA se arately)
Volume of hemi s here = ⅔ π r3[Take half the volume of a s here]
CSA of hemis here TSA of hemis here
= 2 π r2 [Take half the SA of a s here] 2 2 = 2 πr + πr 3 π r2
While solving the combination of solids it would be better if you take common • If
a solid is melted and, recast into number of other small solids, then • Volume of
the larger solid = No x Volume of the smaller solid For Ex: A cylinder is melte
d and cast into smaller s heres. Find the number of s heres Volume of Cylinder =
No x Volume of s here. • If an ‘Ice cream cone with hemis eherical to ’ is given then
you have to take a) Total Volume = Volume of Cone + Volume of Hemis here b) Sur
face area = CSA of Cone + CSA of hemis here (usually Surface area will not be as
ked)
19.Trigonometric Identities.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • Wherever ‘Square’ a ears think of using the identities i) Sin2 θ
Tan2 θ = 1 iii) Coseec2θ – Cot2 θ = 1 Try to convert all the values of the given problem
in terms of Sin θ and Cos θ Cosec θ may be written as 1/Sin θ Sec θ may be written as 1/C
os θ Cot θ may be written as 1/Tan θ Tan θ may be written as Sin θ / Cos θ Wherever fractio
al parts appears then think taking their ‘LCM’ Think of using ( a + b )2, ( a – b )2,
( a + b )3, ( a – b )3formulae etc., Rationalize the denominator [ If a + b, (or)
a – b format is given in the denominator] You may separate the denominator For Ex
: Sin θ + Cos θ as Sin θ + Cos θ Sin θ Sin θ Sin θ 1 + Cot θ If you are not able to solve t
S part completely, Do the problem to such an extent you can solve, then start wo
rking with RHS, and finally you will end up the problem at a step where LHS = RH
S Sin ( 90 – θ ) = Cos θ : Cos ( 90 – θ ) = Sin θ. Sec( 90 – θ ) = Cosec θ : Cosec ( 90 – θ
•
Tan ( 90 – θ ) = Cot θ
:
Cot ( 90 – θ )
= Tan θ
20.Heights & Distances.
21.Graphical Representation.
• • • • • • • Don’t forget to write the scale on x-axis, and on y-axis. To find the ‘Lower
e’ take N/4 [Here N is ∑ f] then take the corresponding point on X-axis To find the ‘U
pper
uartile’ take 3N/4, then take the corresponding point on X-axis To find the ‘M
edian’ take N/2, then take the corresponding point on X-axis
22.Measures of Central Tendency.
For un-grouped data
Arithmetic Mean = Sum of observations No of observations Mode = The most fre
uen
tly occurred value of the raw data. To find the Median first of all arrange the
data in ‘Ascending’ or ‘Descending’ order, then Median = (N+1)/2 term value of the given
data, in case of the data is having odd no of observations. Median = [(N/2) + (
N+1)/2)] / 2 term value of the given data, in case of the data is having even nu
mber of observations.
For grouped data
Arithmetic Mean = ∑ fx (Direct method) ∑f Arithmetic Mean = a + ∑ fd (short cut method
) ∑f Arithmetic Mean = a + ∑ fu x c (step-deviation method) ∑f
23.Probability.
Probability of an event : P(event) = Number of favorable outcomes
Total number of outcomes In a deck of playing cards, there are four symbols
(Spades in Black colour) having A, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,K, and Q total 13 cards
(Clubs in Black colour) having A, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,K, and Q total 13 cards (
Hearts in Red colour) having A, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,K, and Q total 13 cards (Di
amond in Red colour) having A, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,K, and Q total 13 cards
52 cards Jack, King and Queen are known as ‘Face Cards’ , As these cards are having
some pictures on. Note: Drawing rough sketches is always advisable, though, you
may not get marks for them, but, they will give a clear cut idea to solve the pr
oblem.