Nyquist ABE 601

Heat Transfer Problem using ANSYS

A small chimney is constructed from two different materials. The inner layer is constructed from
concrete with a thermal conductivity, k = 0.07 Btu/hr in °F. The outer layer is constructed from
bricks with a thermal conductivity, k = 0.04 Btu/hr in °F. The temperature of the hot gases on
the inside of the chimney is 140 °F, with a heat transfer coefficient h = 0.037 Btu/hr in2 °F. The
outside surface is exposed to the surrounding air, which is at 10 °F, with a corresponding heat
transfer coefficient, h = 0.012 Btu/hr in2 °F. The dimensions are shown below.

Brick
Concrete
1 in. 26 in.
12 in.
12 in. A A

26 in.

Determine the temperature distribution within the concrete and brick layers and plot the
temperature gradients along path A-A.

Verification of Results
For symmetrical problems, you should always identify lines of symmetry created by geometrical
and thermal conditions. Lines of symmetry are always adiabatic lines, meaning that no heat
flows in the directions perpendicular to lines of symmetry, they constitute heat flow lines. In
other words, heat flows parallel to these lines. Consider the variation of the temperature
gradients ∂T/∂x and ∂T/∂y and their vector sum along path A-A. Note that path A-A is a line of
symmetry and therefore, constitutes an adiabatic line. Because of this fact, the magnitude of
∂T/∂y is zero and ∂T/∂x equals the vector sum.

Another important visual inspection of the results requires that the isotherms (lines of constant
temperatures) always be orthogonal to the adiabatic lines, or lines of symmetry.
Nyquist ABE 601
The following is the step-by-step procedure for the heat transfer through a chimney problem
using the ANSYS GUI (Graphic User Interface) environment. Using the left button of the
mouse, click on everything that is typed bold and type everything that is italicized below.

(GoTo Main Menu)

Preprocessor
Element Type
Add/Edit/Delete
Add
Thermal & Solid & Triangl 6node 35 & OK
Close

Material Props
Material Models
Thermal & Conductivity & Isotropic
Thermal Conductivity Kxx : 0.07 & OK

Material & New Model

Define Material ID: 2 & OK

Thermal & Conductivity & Isotropic

Thermal Conductivity Kxx : 0.04 & OK

Close

Modeling
Create
Keypoints
In Active CS
X = 0 and Y = 0 & Apply
X = 1 and Y = 0 & Apply
X = 7 and Y = 0 & Apply
X = 7 and Y = 13 & Apply
X = 1 and Y = 7 & Apply
X = 0 and Y = 6 & OK

Areas
Arbitrary
Through KPs
(Pick keypoints 1, 2, 5, 6) & Apply

(Pick keypoints 2, 3, 4, 5) & OK

Operate
Booleans
Glue
Areas
Pick All

Meshing
Mesh Attributes
Picked Areas
(Pick Area 1) & OK
Nyquist ABE 601
MAT Material number: 1 & OK

Picked Areas
(Pick Area 2) & OK

MAT Material number: 2 & OK

Mesh Tool
Click on the Lines SET button
(Pick Lines 5 & 7) & OK
NDIV 8 & SPACE 0.5 & Apply

(Pick Lines 1 & 3) & OK

NDIV 3 & SPACE 1 & Apply

(Pick Lines 2, 4 & 6) & OK

NDIV 8 & SPACE 1 & OK

Click on the Lines FLIP button

(Pick Line 5) & OK

Click on the Shape Tri button

Click on the Shape Mapped button

Click the Mesh Button

Pick All

Close

Solution
Define Loads
Apply
Thermal
Convection
On Lines
Nyquist ABE 601
(Pick Line 4) & OK
Film Coefficient: 0.037
Bulk Temperature: 140 & OK

On lines
(Pick Line 6) & OK
Film Coefficient: 0.012
Bulk Temperature: 10 & OK

Solve
Current LS

To plot the temperature gradients along a path:

General Postproc
Path Operations
Define Path
On Working Plane
Click OK

Pick the two points along the line marked A-A & OK
Name: Path-AA
nSets: 30
nDiv: 20
OK
Nyquist ABE 601

Map onto Path

Lab: dTdx
Select Flux & Gradient & Thermal grad TGX
Check the box Average results across element (Yes)
Apply

Lab: dTdy
Select Flux & Gradient & Thermal grad TGY
Check the box Average results across element (Yes)
Apply
Nyquist ABE 601
Lab: GradSum
Select Flux & Gradient & Thermal grad TGSUM
Check the box Average results across element (Yes)
OK

Plot Path Item

On Graph
Select dTdx, dTdy, and GradSum & OK