UNIVERSITI INDUSTRI SELANGOR

CHEMISTRY MGS 1113

TITLE: ACID-BASE TITRATION

29th MARCH 2010

ABDUL HAFIZ BIN ABDUL RAHMAN

4092009391

LECTURER: MR. ADAM ADMAN

TITLE: DILUTION

OBJECTIVES:

i. Ability to apply knowledge of neutralization

ii. To calculate the exact concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution

APPARATUS:

i. Burette/pipette
ii. Conical flask 500cm3
iii. Filter paper

REAGENTS:

i. Hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol dm-3

ii. Sodium hydroxide (X) mol dm-3
iii. Universal indicator

METHODOLOGY:

1. With the tap opened, a few cubic centimetres of 1.0 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric
acid is pour into the burette using a small funnel. Put a beaker under the open tap.
Once the tip of the burette is full of solution, the tap is close and more solution is
added up to the zero mark. The acid in the beaker is rinsed down the sink.
2. Using a pipette with a pipette filler, 50cm3 of (X) mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution into the conical flask. 10 drops of universal indicator is added into the
flask.
3. The flask is swirl gently to mix the solution with the indicator.
4. The flask is place on a piece of clean white filter paper under the burette tap.
 5. The hydrochloric acid is then added to the sodium hydroxide solution drop by
drop in small volume. The flask is swirl constantly with each drop of the
hydrochloric solution so the solution mix up thoroughly.
6. When the sodium hydroxide is neutralized, the color of the solution will change
from blue to orange. Stop the titration as soon as the color of the solution begins
to change. The reading of the burette is recorded. The coloured solution is rinsed
down the sink.
7. The experiment is repeated for about two times until a reproducible measurement
is obtained.

RESULT

1st Titration: 4.4ml of 1.0 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydroxide

2nd Titration: 4.3ml of 1.0 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydroxide

Referring to the conducted experiment, we took photo of the outcome after finishing the
tasks.

Figure 1: Titration of (x) mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide using hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol
dm-3
DISCUSSION

• This titration went past the equivalence point. The color should have been more
greenish-yellow.
• Actually, if we get a solution as yellow as the one shown, the titration of the
solution must be redo to till the solution is in greenish yellow color.
• In this experiment, we used 1.0M of HCl which is at a very high concentration.
So, basically in each drop of hydrochloric acid we add into the solution, it is more
than enough to change the color past the equivalence point.
• Hence, we cannot achieve the required color which is the point where the sodium
solution is completely neutralized by using HCl in that level of concentration.

CONCLUSION

 Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis

that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant.
Because volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known as
volumetric analysis.
 A reagent, called the titrant or titrator, of a known concentration (a standard
solution and volume is used to react with a solution of the analyte or titrand,
whose concentration is not known. Using a calibrated burette to add the
titrant, it is possible to determine the exact amount that has been consumed
when the endpoint is reached.
 The endpoint is the point at which the titration is complete, as determined by
an indicator which in this experiment, we use the Universal Indicator. In an
acidic solution, the indicator will be in yellow-red color, while in basic it will
turn in blue color.
 The product of the experiment showed that there are missed points where it
cannot be attain due to the concentration of the reagents.
 The titration of sodium hydroxide maybe can be successful if the
concentration of the hydrochloric acid is reduce in order to reach an
obtainable point where the final color of the solution is more in greenish color
than the result.
 Students should always be cautious in handling the reagents. This is due to the
high concentration of the HCl acids. These corrosive chemicals should be
managed in the fume hood to ensure the safety of the students.
 It is advisable if the students wear a mask while performing the task to avoid
any respiration of the chemicals residue.
QUESTION

1. Please write the equation for the neutralisation reaction

Answer:
Neutralisation between acid and base only involves hydrogen ion (H+) from
acid and hydroxide ion (OH-) from base.
 NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H2O (liq)
 NaOH (aq)  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
 HCl (aq)  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

2. Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution as follows:

a. What was the reliable value for the volume of hydrochloric acid solution needed?
Let us call this value Vcm3
Answer: Base on titration of 50cm3 of X mol dm3 NaOH with 1.0M HCl
1st titration, V=4.4cm3
2nd titration, V=4.3cm3

b. Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in this volume using the
formula: V/1000 x C, where C is the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in mol
dm-3.
Answer:

Reagent Hydrochloric Sodium Hydroxide

Volume used (1st titration) 4.3cm3 50cm3
Volume used (2nd titration) 4.4cm3 50cm3
Concentration 1.0 mol dm3 X mol dm3

Number of Moles = volume × concentration

1st titration:
 Number of moles of HCl = (4.3cm3÷1000cm3) x 1.0M
= 0.0043 mol
2nd titration:
Number of moles of HCl = (4.4cm3÷1000cm3) x 1.0M
= 0.0044 mol
Average: (0.0043+0.0044) ÷ 2 = 0.00435mol

c. How many moles of sodium hydroxide were therefore present in the original
10cm3 placed in the beaker?
Answer:

Number of moles of HCl = 0.00435 mol

Number of moles NaOH = 0.00435 mol – they react in a one to one ratio

So, the concentration of NaOH is

(0.00435molx1000cm3) ÷ 10cm3 = 0.087M

d. Now calculate how many moles of sodium hydroxide would have been present in
1000cm3. This is the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in mol dm-
3.