CO2 Single Well Injection/Soak/Produce

or
Huff ‘n Puff

September 20, 2006

presented by
Steven R Gustison
Illinois State Geological Survey

Midwest Geological
Sequestration Consortium
www.sequestration.org
 What is a Huff ‘n Puff ?

Well stimulation technique which involves:

a) Injecting CO2 (normally as a gas) into a single
producing well. [HUFF]
b) Shutting in the well to allow the CO2 to
dissipate and dissolve.
c) Produce the well back. [PUFF]

Possible Repeat Cycles

 Benefits of a Huff ‘n Puff

„ Increased Incremental Oil Recovery

„ Oil Viscosity Reduction – Increased Flow
„ Increased Dissolved Gas Content – Pressure
Build-up of a CO2 Saturated Oil - Release
„ Oil Swelling – Unlock Residual Oil

„ Sequester CO2
„ Dissolved in Remaining Oil
„ Adsorption of CO2 on Mineral Surfaces
MGSC Huff ‘n Puff Screening Criteria
13 Nominated Sites

„ Technical Variables
„ Depth
„ Formation Pressure
„ Formation Temperature
„ Stratigraphic
Significance
„ Operational Variables
„ Operator Support
„ Site Analysis
„ Current Well Pattern and
Well Design
 Classifying the Nominated Fields
Comparison of current reservoir pressure and temperature
to the saturation p-T line and critical point of pure CO2
2,000
CO2 Saturation Line
1,750 Super Critical Line Miscible
Press80
1,500 Press50 Immiscible -
Press20
Liquid
Pressure (psia)

Press120
1,250 Sites

1,000

750

500

250
Immiscible - Gas
0
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
T emperature (F)
 MGSC Huff ‘n Puff Operational
Plan
HUFF:

Liquid CO2
20 Ton CO2 Truck 50 Ton Tank Heater Producing Well
Pumps

300 Tons CO2 (5.16 MMcfg) @ 0oF, 225 psi to 1500 psi & 40oF To Well (2 Days)

PUFF: Anticipated Results in Incremental Oil

@ 1.6 MCf / Bbl Oil equals 3225 Bbls
@1.2 MCF/ Bbl Oil equals 4300 Bbls (Kentucky Field Average)
20 Ton Capacity CO2 Truck
50 Ton CO2 Portable Storage Tank
MGSC Huff ‘n Puff Operational
Equipment
 Loudon Field, Fayette County, IL

Huff ‘n
Puff
Monitoring, Mitigation, Verification
(MMV)
„ Geophysical Methods
„ Electromagnetic Induction (EMI)
„ High Resolution Electrical Earth Resistivity
(HREER)
„ Geochemical Methods
„ Chemical Composition of Groundwater
„ Soil Gas Sampling
„ Vadose Zone Concentration of CO2, CH4
 MMV (Continued)

„ Airborne Color Infrared Imaging

„ Well Logging
„ Subsurface Pressure, Temperature, Gas
Content and Fluid Chemistry
„ CO2 Injection Rate, Volume and Isotopic
Composition
„ Groundwater and Geochemical Modeling
 Best Huff ‘n Puff Field Example
Big Sinking Field, Lee County, KY
„ Field Discovered 1900, 1300 ft
„ Wells All Hydraulically Fractured
„ CO2 Huff ‘n Puff, 1986 – 1994
„ 390 Treatments on 240 Wells
„ 12,200 Tons Injected
„ 180,000 Bbls Incremental Oil
„ 1.2 Mcfg/Bbl (Recovery Efficiency Factor)
Miller & Smith, 1998, SPE #49169
 MGSC Huff ‘n Puff Schedule

Test Site Schedule

10/01/05 10/01/06 10/01/07 10/01/08
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Task Number O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S
and Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Huff n' Puff Test

Site evaluation
Site monitoring
Existing well evaluation
Evaluation well data
Inject CO2
Post injection monitoring
Phase II EOR Pilots Planned

1) Huff and Puff

2) Well Conversion
3) Pattern Flood
4) Pattern Flood
Field Test Site Timeline
 Pilot 2: Well Conversion

„ Multiwell pilot; convert existing water

injection well
„ Pattern flood or good geologic control and
understanding of existing waterflood
„ Injection scheme
„ Continuous CO2 injection
„ CO2 injection alternating with water injection

„ Miscibility Classification
„ Miscible, Immiscible-gas, Immiscible-liquid
 Pilot 2: Status

„ Nominated List of Candidates

„ Acquired Initial Screening Criteria
„ Completed Limited Field Visits
„ Digitizing of Data
„ Establish Deadlines for Modeling
„ Injection Scheduled March-May, 2007
Pilot 3 & 4: New CO2 Injection Well

„ Multiwell pilot; drill new CO2 injection well

„ Pattern floods with water injection outside
of pattern to keep CO2 in pattern
„ Injection scheme
„ Continuous CO2 injection
„ CO2 injection alternating with water injection

„ Miscibility Classification
„ Miscible, Immiscible-gas, Immiscible-liquid
 Midwest Geological
Sequestration Consortium
www.sequestration.org