Equivalent circuit model of the node dc-to-dc converter

Vatché Vorpérian
Section 346
Jet Propulsion Laboratory

March 13, 2002

Equivalent circuit model of the node dc-to-dc converter

Vatché Vorpérian

1. Introduction

An equivalent Pspice circuit model of the 10KV/400V dc-to-dc node converter is derived
and shown in Fig. 1. The purpose of the model is to simulate accurately the input
characteristics of the actual converter using a simple circuit model. This model which can
be used in the simulation program for the entire Neptune NEPTUNE power system which
consists of 30 node converters, two power source stations, a power transmission cable
and a power protection system. The model accurately captures transient load and line
conditions which include start up and output over-current conditions. This model will be
updated and revised during the course of design and development of the node converter.
The Pspice model is available upon request.

2. Sub-circuits used in the model

Apart from the passive circuit elements in Fig. 1, the following sub-circuit devices are
used:

1. S device: voltage controlled hysteresis switch with the following parameters:

VON, VOFF, Ron, Roff.
2. E device: voltage-controlled voltage source with a GAIN parameter.
3. F device: current-controlled current source with a GAIN parameter.
4. H device: current-controlled voltage source with a GAIN parameter.
5. Q2N2222: Pspice npn BJT model of 2N2222.
6. 2N6028: Pspice PUT model of 2N6028.
7. 2N6401: Pspice thyristor model of 2N6401.
8. D1N4750: Pspice Zener diode model of 1N4750 (27V).
9. D1N5262: Pspice Zener diode model of 1N5262 (51V).
10. D1N5530: Pspice Zener diode model of 1N5530 (10V).
11. D1N4148: Pspice diode model of 1N5530.
12. AD820: Pspice opamp model of AD820.
13. VMLSCCM: Pspice model of the PWM switch (Voltage Mode Continuous
Conduction Mode). This model of this sub-circuit is shown in Fig. 2 and it
consists of an ideal transformer whose turns ratio is controlled by VC.

3. A Simulation Example

A transient simulation is shown in Fig. 3 using a 150km transmission line. In this

simulation, the following transient conditions are demonstrated:

1. The input voltage to the converter rises past the 5600V threshold and the
converter turns on into full power.
 V _bus_S
S _bus
S
V O N = 2V

-
+
V _bus V O FF = 0V 0
R 16 L1 R 15 L2

+
-
2 .2
1
3 2 .5 m H
2
2 .2
1
3 2 .5 m H
2 P W M sw itc h R _L L3 V _out
0 .0 2 1 5 7u H
U2 1 2
V MLS C C M

1
R1 R3 F _ x fm r
E _ x fm r
1250 1250

A
R5 + 4 3 C8 R _Lo ad
C2 C4 + V C C
1m eg 75uF 16
0 .0 2 u F 0 .0 2 u F - -
H1

P
C1 C3 E G A IN = 0 . 0 3
F H

-
0 .2 u F 0 .2 u F

+
G A IN = 0 .1 6 6 7

2
0
E ffe c tiv e 0
0 E ffe c tiv e in p u t filte r iso la t io n tra n sfo rm e r S 2 E ffe c tiv e o u tp u t filte r
+ + R 20
R2 100k
- -
5M eg R 21
1e8 S
V O N = 1 .2 V
Q1 V O F F = 0 .0 V 0
Q 2N 2222
R4 D2
V _ s t a rt _ u p 0
V _out
11M eg D 1N 4750 X 1
2 N 6 4 01
R8
1k
D7
D 1N 4148
R 11
100
D5
D 1N 4148
G A IN = 0 .0 3
E 2
E ffe c tiv e o v e r-c u rre n t p ro te c tio n
+
+
R6 -
5M eg C5 -
1uF D6
C7 R 13 R9 E
D 1N 5262 D3 C 11 C 10 R 133
G A 500uF D 1N 5530 20K 20k 58 nF 3nF
C6 0 2 .1 k V _out
U1 G A I N = 6 e -3
0 2N 6028 K 1uF
E _ d iv id e r
+
+
-
0 0 -
E
C9 R 14 R 12
S ta rt u p c irc u it 1uF 112 50k

0
V _bus V _ s t a rt _ u p V _C C

S _ h y s t e ri s i s S _ s t a rt u p

7
S S V _bus_S V _ re f 3 V _ re f V _C C V _ s t a rt _ u p
+
+

V O N = 5600V V O N = 8V

V+
-
-
+

V O FF = 520 0V 0 V O F F = 0 .0 V R 18 6 R 19
+
-
+

100k O UT
-

U4 2
R7 - 100
A D 8 2 0 /A D C 17

V-
V _z 1k C 16 1uF
1uF
2 .4 V d c

4
0
0
0
E ffe c tiv e c o n v e rte r tu rn -o n /o ff c irc u it E ffe c tiv e fe e d b a c k c o n tro l

Figure 1 Equivalent circuit model of the 10KV/400V dc-to-dc node converter (Rev. 1.0)
 Figure 2 Equivalent circuit model of the PWM switch.

2. After the output voltage reaches 400V, a one millisecond short circuit occurs
is imposed on the output of the converter at t = 20 s, at which point the input
switch opens and the converter shuts down for about 3 seconds during which
time the start up supply charges up and brings the converter back on line
7seven seconds later. (If the short circuit fault is still on, the converter comes
up momentarily and shuts down again for a few seconds (less than 10
seconds) before it tries to come back up again.)

3. Starting at 45 s, the Vbus voltage is ramped down. At 46 s (?) , After the

converter recovers from short circuit, the input voltage drops to below 5200V
and the converter drops out.

Figure 3 The voltage feeding the transmission line is Vbus (Cyan), the
input voltage to the converter after the switch is Vin (Orange)
and the output voltage is Vout (Blue). A 1 msec short occurs
on the output at 20msec s. The scale for the bus voltage is ten
times the scale shown.