2018 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)

The Gateway Hotel, XION Complex, Wakad Road, Pune, India. Apr 06-08, 2018

Space Vector Modulation Topology for Two Level

Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
Suryakant Morey Rutuja Gurav Dr. Prasad. M. Joshi
Government college of Government college of Government college of
Engineering, Karad Engineering, Karad Engineering, Karad
moreysuryakant@gmail.com rutuja.gurav06@gmail.com dr.pmjoshi@gmail.com

Abstract- Modulation topology of space vector is a modern vector II. DEFINITION OF SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH
look towards pulse width modulation for two level inverter. It is MODULATION
advanced method for obtaining sine wave with reduced total
harmonic distortion (THD). This method is increasing rapidly in Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is most precocious and desired
recent year because it is easier to implement this method and it real time technique for modulation. It is mostly utilized for
requires less computational time for calculation. In this paper,
regulation of voltage source inverter. Space vector technique is
general purpose three phase two level space vector voltage source
inverter (VSI) has been analyzed which is widely used for medium develop as vector approach to PWM and it is represented in
voltage application. The outcome of three phase two level VSI has complex vectors.
been demonstrated by using MATLAB / SIMULINK result and
total harmonic distortion is evaluated through FFT analysis. Many methods are developed to implement the SVPWM for
voltage source inverters. In general the SVPWM execution
Keywords- Voltage source inverter, SVPWM, Power semiconductor involves the following Steps:
devices, THD.
1. Sector determination were instantaneous reference space
I. INTRODUCTION- vector lies
2. Mapping this sector to an appropriate sector in inner
In recent years, modulation topology of space vector is widely hexagon through coordinate
used in power electronics and its application. Voltage source 3. Determination of switching time of stationary vectors of
inverters are the main component of interface between power semiconductor devices.
electronics and power system. In voltage source inverter output 4. Using switching sequence table for selecting an appropriate
voltage can be controlled by adjusting voltage inside the inverter vectors.
itself. The best way to control output of inverter is to adjust the
width of pulse applied inside the inverter. In pulse width III. SECTOR CALCULATION
modulation a constant value of DC voltage is applied to input of
inverter and restricted AC output voltage is achieved by Sector identification can be obtained by using transformation
regulating the duty cycle. There are different topologies for technique i.e. Clarke transformation which is a mathematical
regulating output voltage of inverter such as Sinusoidal Pulse representation where three-phase voltage or current values can
Width Modulation (SPWM) topology, Space Vector Pulse be transformed into two-phase or α-β plane.
Width Modulation (SVPWM) topology etc. Space vector
modulation topology is readily used since last few decades to Let the three-phase sinusoidal voltages shown as,
regulate the terminal voltage(s) of inverter because it reduces the VAo =vm sinωt
commutation losses and harmonic content of terminal voltage as ʹʚ
compared to conventional Sinusoidal PWM topology. VBo =vm sin(ωt - )
͵
Ͷʚ
VCo =vm sin(ωt- )
͵

978-1-5386-4273-3/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 1

This three phase voltages can be resolved in α-β plane to obtain Table.2 Zero vector and Active vector switching state
two phase components. This two phase voltage parameters are
transformed to produce reference vector Vref for modulating the
inverter output. The three phase voltages shown above is
represented by
ʹ
V(t) = [VAo(t)ej0 + V Bo(t)ej2ʚ /3 + V Co(t)ej4ʚ /3]
͵

These three phase voltage components are transformed into

equivalent two phase components as shown below.

The zero vector V0 consist of two states [PPP] and [OOO], one
of which is superfluous. The superfluous switching state is used
to minimize the switching frequency of the inverter or to
IV. SWITCHING STATE perform other effectual operation. Zero vector and active vector
do not shift in space and it is named as standstill vectors. On
contrary reference vector Vref as shown in fig.2 shift in space at
angular speed ω.

ω= 2Лf1

where f1 = Inverter terminal voltage fundamental frequency.

Fig.1 Simplified two-level VSI

The functioning of switching state of two level inverter is shown

in fig. 1. From the table 1, state of conduction ' P ' indicates that
the top switch in the leg of an inverter is ON and output terminal
voltage (VAN, VBN, or VCN) is positive (+Vd) whereas ‘O’ denotes
that terminal voltage is zero because of the conduction of lower
switch.

Table.1 definition of conducting state

Fig.2 Vref at different sectors for two level VSI

The angular displacement linking reference vector Vref and α-

Two level inverter has eight possible combinations of
conducting state as shown in table 2. The state of conduction
[POP], for example, corresponds to the conduction of S1, S6 and
S5 in legs of the inverter A, B and C respectively. [PPP] and
[OOO] are zero between eight state of conduction of switches.
axis of α-β plane is shown as
‫ݐ‬
θ(t)= ‫ Ͳ׬‬ɘ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻdt + θ(0)
For the certain magnitude (length) and position of reference
vector Vref is generated by three standstill vectors. Based on
which conducting state of inverter is chosen and gate signal for

2
active switches is produced. Inverter terminal frequency is
equivalent to rotating rate of Vref and output voltage is controlled
by adjusting magnitude of Vref.

V. DUTY CYCLE CALCULATION

Duty cycle of standstill vectors primarily represent ON and

OFF state time of power semiconductor devices. It mainly focus
on volt-second balancing equation which is multiplication of
sampling period Ts and reference vector Vref that equal sum of
voltages multiplied by time period of chosen space vector. For
example if Vref lies in sector II as shown in fig.3 , it is generated
using V0 ,V2 and V3 .The volt-second balancing equation is given
as

Vref Ts= V2Ta+ V3Tb+ V0T0

TS= Ta+ Tb+ T
For linear modulation range the duty cycle can be calculated as
VI. DETERMINATION OF SWITCHING PATTERN
Once space vector is chosen and duty cycle is known ,then later
stage is to organize the switching pattern. In general switching
pattern of Vref is not unique but for switching pattern design it is
essential to satisfy two requirements for minimizing the
switching frequency.
Fig. 3 shows typical seven segment an inverter or output waveform in sector I
VII. SIMULATION RESULT
Simulink model for the three phase two level space vector
modulation built using MATLAB SIMULINK software
package. The MATLAB SIMULINK model is shown in
fig.4.The simulation is performed under following conditions
VDC= 440 V, Output voltage fundamental frequency=50 Hz,
Switching frequency =720 Hz and variable modulation index
ma=0.8 and ma=1.0 , also output of system is connected to load
R=10Ω L=100 mH . Total harmonic distortion of system is
carried out. Simulation results are shown below.

(a) Alteration from one switching State to the next change

requires only two switches on the same leg of the
inverter, one is active an other is off.
(b) Alteration of Vref shifting from one sector to another
sector requires no switching or nominal switching.
There is redundancy between zero state(OOO and
PPP), but in conventional space vector modulation both
zero state is used for equal interval of time in switching
cycle Ts.
Fig. 4 Simulink model

3
 Fig. 9 Three phase line voltages at modulation index = 1.0

Fig. 5. subsystem Simulink model for control signals

Fig. 10 Phase voltage at modulation index = 1.0

Fig. 6 Three phase line voltages at modulation index = 0.8

Fig. 11 FFT analysis at modulation index = 1.0

Table 3 THD analysis at different modulation index

Switching THD ma = 0.8 ma =1.0

Fig. 7 Phase voltages at modulation index = 0.8
frequency
(Hz)
720 Line to 72.41% 49.17%
line
voltages
720 Phase to 72.53% 50.50%
ground
voltages
720 Current 23.42% 23.36%

Fig.8 FFT analysis at modulation index = 0.8

4
 VIII. CONCLUSION:
Space vector modulation is widely used topology for controlling
output voltage of voltage source inverter. SVPWM topology is
presented and analyzed through simulation. The simulation
result obtained from FFT analysis show that THD at ma=0.8 is
72.41% and that at ma=1.0 is 49.17% . The Comparison study at
modulation index 0.8 and 1.0 shows that there is reduction in
total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage source inverter.
REFERENCES:
[1] High-Power Converters And Ac Drives -Bin Wu.
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Applications and Design, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2003.
[3] D. G. Holmes and T. A. Lipo, Pulse Width Modulation for Power
Converters—Principle and Practice, IEEE Press/Wiley-Interscience, New
York, 2003.
[4] M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics Handbook, Academic Press, New York,
2001.
[5] P. C. Krause, O. Wasynczuk, et al., Analysis of Electric Machinery and
Drive Systems, 2nd edition, IEEE Press/Wiley-Interscience, New York,
2002.
[6] MohmoudGabllah, Mohammad El- Bardini“Implementation of space
vector PWM for driving two level voltage source inverter”Jouranlof
Engineering Sciences assiut University