Power Distribution of VSP Done at Vizag Steel

52406825.
doc Page 1
POWER DISTRIBUTION OF VSP

Done at
VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANT
Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: help@matlabcodes.com
Engineeringpapers.blogspot.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
# Chapter name
1) ABSTRACT
2) OVERVIEW OF VSP
3) INTRODUCTION
4) SWITCH YARD EQUIPMENT
5) MAIN RECEIVING STATION
6) LOAD BLOCK STEP DOWN SUB-STATIONS
7) CONCLUSION
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------: ABSTRACT: ------
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (V.S.P.) being a major process industry
requires uninterrupted power source. To meet this V.S.P. is having a unique
power distribution system with 220 KV supply taken from AP TRANSCO and
synchronized with the V.S.P. own captive generation stepped up to
220 KV at MRS.
This synchronized 220 KV will be stepped down to 11 KV, 6.6 KV at
load block sub stations-1,2,3,4 from where Voltage at this level will go to
different shop flows of the Plant viz., sinter plant, blast furnace, steel melting
shop, etc., there it is further stepped down to 415 V to fed the different loads of
the plant by load center sub stations (LCSS) major loads like 11 KV and 6.6
KV motors are directly fed to HVLC transformers from LBSS.
To have reliable power supply V.S.P. has adopted auto bus transfer
system (ABT) to its various switch boards. Where the bus coupler closes
automatically in case of failure of any one source of the switch board. This
automatic clousure of the bus coupler ensures reliable power supply to the
various units of V.S.P.
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-----: OVERVIEW OF V.S.P: ------
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, the first coastal based steel plant of India is
located 16 Kms. south west of Visakhapatnam. It has an installed capacity of 3
million tones per annum of liquid steel and 2.656 million tones of saleable steel.
At VSP there is emphasis on total automation, seamless integration and
efficient up gradation, which result in a wide range of long and structural
product meet stringent demands of customers within India and abroad.
VSP is the first integrated Steel Plant in the country to be certified to all
the 3 International Standards for quality (ISO – 9001), for environment
management (ISO – 14001) and for occupational health and safety (OHSAS –
18001)
VSP exports quality pig iron and steel products to Srilanka, Myanmar,
Nepal, Middle East, USA and South East Asia. Having a total manpower of
about 16,613 VSP has envisaged a labour productivity of 265 tones per man-
year of liquid steel, which is the best in the country and comparable with
international levels.
The construction of the plant started on 1st Feb. 1982. Government of
India on 18th Feb. 1982 formed a new company called Rashtriya Ispat Nigam
Limited (RINL)
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and transferred the responsibility of constructing, commissioning and operating
the plant at VISAKHAPTNAM from authority of India Limited to RINL.
Finally all the units were constructed and dedicated to the nation by then Prime
Minister of India late Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY USED IN THE PLANT:
Modern Technology has been adopted in many areas of
production, some of them for the first time in the country. They are as follows:
 Selective crushing of coal.
 7 maters tall coke ovens.
 Dry quenching of coke.
 On ground blending of sinter base mix.
 Conveyor charging and bell less top for blast furnace.
 Cast house slag granulates for blast furnace.
 100% continuous casting of
 Gas expansion turbines for power generation utilizing blast furnace top
gas pressure.
 Hot metal de-sulpherization.
 Extensive treatment facilities of effluents for ensuring proper
environmental protection.
 Computerization for process control.
 Sophisticated high speed high production mills.

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RAW MATERIALS:
 Iron ore lumps and fines
 BF Limestone
 SMS limestone.
 BF dolomite.
 SMS dolomite
 Manganese ore
 Medium coking coal (MCC)
PRODUCTS OF VSP:
Steel Products (i) By-Products (ii) By-Products

Angles Nut coke Granulated slag
Billets Coke Dust Lime fines
Channels Coal Tar Ammonium soleplate
Beams Anthracene oil
Squares HP Naphthalene
Flats Benzene
Rounds Toluene
Re-bars Zylene
Wire rods Wash Oil
MAJOR DEPARTMETS IN VSP:
 Raw material handling plant (RMHP)
 Coke ovens and coal chemical plant (CO and CCP)
 Sinter Plant (SP)
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 Blast Furnace (BF)
 Steel melting shop (SMS)
 Continuous Casting Shop (CCD)
 Rolling Mills
 Light and Medium Merchant Mills (LMMM)
 Wire rod mill (WRM)
 Medium merchant and structural mill (MMSM)
------: INTRODUCTION: ------
The estimated power requirement of V.S.P. is 280 MW at 0.3 MT stage the
peak load being 292 MW and the essential load being 49 MW present average
plant load is about 200 MW. The installed inplant generating capacity is 286.5
MW comprising of 247.5 MW captive thermal power generations, 24 MW from
gas expansion turbo generators utilizing blast furnace high top pressure and 15
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MW from back pressure turbo generators is utilizing the waste heat recovered at
coke dry cooling plant with the help of waste heat boilers.
VSP receives power from AP TRANSCO at 220 KV level in two lines.
These two lines are terminated at MRS. Also VSP generating its own power at
TPP at 11 KV level and is stepped up to 220 KV Level. This 220 KV supply at
LBSS-5 is transmitted through tie-lines to MRS. Both 220 KV supplies of AP
TRANSCO and VSP are fed to two different buses. There is one more bus at
220 KV level named as transfer bus or auxiliary bus has been provided at MRS
to facilitate bus coupling operations.
Normally 220 KV at MRS is in synchronized condition with
APTRANSCO power and this synchronized power is supplied to different load
block sub-station-2, 3, 4 and LBSS-1 from LBSS-5.
Each of the LBSS receives 220 KV level supplies with two lines. There
are two lines will feed to three transformers (except at LBSS-2) of 80 MVA
capacity, 220/11 KV 3-winding voltage level. In LBSS-2 there are two 220 KV
sources will feed to three 80 MVA Transformers of 220/11/6.6 KV and one
31.5 MVA 220/33 KV Transformer. At LBSS-1 also three 220 KV sources will
feed to three 80 MVA 220/11/6.6 KV level 3-winding transformers.
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All these 220 KV Transformers are of Star/delta connections. To
facilitate earth fault protection of these transformers and also for local supplies
at LBSS, each transformer is provided with two earthing transformers. So there
are Earthing-cum-Stationery Transformers (EST) existing in each LBSS from
where 415 Volts power supply is available for LBSS own loads. These ESTs
are of zigzag type and its star point is connected to Neutral Grounded
Resistance (NGR) of very less value.
From MRS to LBSS the 220 KV power is transmitted through overhead
lines of ACSR/AAA Conductor. At LBSS this 220 KV power is transmitted
through IPS Tubes. Of course this 220 KV Power Transmission is equipped
with isolators, current transformers, potential transformers, lightening arrestors
and earth switches to facilitate protection as well as operation.
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------: SWITCH YARD EQUIPMENT: ------
Switchyard as a main connecting link between the generating plant and
transmission systems has a large influence on the security of supply. As the
switchyard handles large amount of power, it is considered essential that it
remains secure and serviceable to supply the out going transmission system
even under conditions of major equipment or bus bar failure. The choice of bus
switching scheme is governed by various factors which ultimately aim and
achieving the objective of the security.
In all these regions, there are switchgears. The switchgear in generating
stations can be classified as
1. Main switch gear
2. Auxiliary switch gear
Main switchgear comprises of circuit breakers, isolators, bus bars, current
transformers, potential transformers, etc. In the main circuit of generator-
associated transformers of transmission lines. It is generally of Extra High
Voltage and outdoor type.
Auxiliary switchgear is generally indoor type and controls the various
auxiliaries of the generator, turbine, boiler and the station auxiliary.
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Bus bars are conducting bars to which a number of local feeders are
connected. They operate at constant voltage and are insulated from earth and
from each other.
Isolator is a no-load switch designed to operate under no-load conditions.
Therefore, the isolator opens only after the opening of the circuit breaker.
While closing, isolator closes first and then circuit breaker. Lighting arrestors
connecting between conductor and earth, divert the high voltage surges. It is
also installed near the transformer terminals. Isolator is also called as
disconnecting switch or simply disconnected.
Lightning Arrestors:
Lightning is one of the most serious causes of over voltages. If the
power equipment especially at the outdoor sub-station is not protected the over-
voltage will cause burning of the insulation. It is absolutely, necessary to
provide protection against the traveling surges caused by lighting. Such
protective device is called lightning arrestors or surge diverters. They are
connected between the line and earth at the sub station when the traveling surge
reach the diverter and attain the prefixed voltage a spark is formed across the
gap. The diverter then provides a low impedance path to earth.
The surge diverter should provide a path of low impedance only when the
traveling surge reaches, the surge diverter neither before it nor offer it. A good
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lightning arrestor or surge diverter must posses the following conditions
(characteristics)
a) It should not absorb any current during the normal operation. At over
voltage surges it must provide an easy path to earth.
b) After the first discharge of the current has taken place through them they
must be capable of carrying the discharge current for some interval of
time without any damage to themselves.
c) After the over voltage discharge it must be capable of interrupting the
normal frequency current from flowing to the ground as soon as the
voltage reaches below the break down value.
There are different types of lightning arrestors or surge diverters which
are used in practice.
1) Rod gap arrester
2) Sphere gap lightning arrester.
3) Horn gap lightning arrester.
4) Expulsion type arrester.
5) Impulse protective gap with electrolyte lightning arrester.
6) Electrolytic type.
7) Lead Oxide type.
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8) Pellet type lead per-oxide type.
9) Thyrite lightning arrester
10) Valve type.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS:
For low voltage circuits, fuses are used to isolate the faulty circuit. But
for high voltage circuits isolation is achieved by the Circuit Breaker. The circuit
breaker can close the circuit as well as break the circuit without any
replacement for low capacities a fuse combined with circuit breaking
arrangement is quite useful and economical. The following are the
requirements for a circuit breaker or a switch gear;
1) It must safely interrupt the normal working current as well as short circuit
current.
2) After occurrence of fault the switch gear must isolate the faulty circuit as
quickly as possible.
3) It must have high sense of discrimination i.e., in systems where in
alternate arrangements have been made for continuity of supply it should
isolate the only faulty circuit without effecting the healthy one.
4) It should not operate when an over current flows under healthy condition.
There are different types of circuit breakers among those air blast circuit
breaker, magnetic blast circuit brakes and oil circuit breaker are there.
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In the air blast circuit breaker a blast of air is utilized to blow out the arc. The
breakers for about 5,000 Volts and coil are provided.
In the oil circuit breakers the arc is extinguished by
an oil blast.
Inside the circuit breaker panel (right) you can see

the two primary wires from the transformer entering
the main circuit breaker at the top. The main breaker
lets you cut power to the entire panel when
necessary. Within this overall setup, all of the wires
for the different outlets and lights in the house each
have a separate circuit breaker or fuse:
If the circuit breaker is on, then power flows through the wire in the wall and
makes its way eventually to its final destination, the outlet.
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What an unbelievable story! It took all of that equipment to get power from the
power plant to the light in your bedroom.
The next time you drive down the road and look at the power lines, or the next
time you flip on a light, you'll hopefully have a much better understanding of
what is going on. The power distribution grid is truly an incredible system.
Safety Devices: Fuses
Fuses and circuit breakers are safety devices. Let's say that you did not have
fuses or circuit breakers in your house and something "went wrong." What
could possibly go wrong? Here are some examples:
• A fan motor burns out a bearing, seizes,
overheats and melts, causing a direct connection
between power and ground.
• A wire comes loose in a lamp and directly
connects power to ground.
• A mouse chews through the insulation in a
wire and directly connects power to ground.
• Someone accidentally vacuums up a lamp
wire with the vacuum cleaner, cutting it in the
process and directly connecting power to
ground.
• A person is hanging a picture in the living
room and the nail used for said picture happens
to puncture a power line in the wall, directly
connecting power to
ground.
When a 120-volt power line connects directly to
ground, its goal in life is to pump as much electricity
as possible through the connection. Either the device
or the wire in the wall will burst into flames in such
a situation. (The wire in the wall will get hot like the
element in an electric oven gets hot, which is to say
very hot!). A fuse is a simple device designed to
overheat and burn out extremely rapidly in such a
situation. In a fuse, a thin piece of foil or wire
quickly vaporizes when an overload of current runs
through it. This kills the power to the wire immediately, protecting it from
overheating. Fuses must be replaced each time they burn out. A circuit breaker
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uses the heat from an overload to trip a switch, and circuit breakers are
therefore resettable.
The power then enters the home through a typical circuit breaker panel like the
one above.
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS:
Current Transformers are used in current circuits in protection systems
employing secondary relays. This transformer is to measure large currents.
The primary which is usually of few turns or even a single turn or thick copper
or brass bar is inserted into the core of the transformer is connected in series
with the load. The secondary current is normally rated for 5A or 1A and the
number of turns in the secondary will be high. When the current transformer
has two secondary windings then one winding is connected to the protective
relay system and the other is to indicating / metering circuit.
Current transformer windings are polar in nature. The current
transformers with 1A rating secondaries can handle 25 times more burden than
the current transformers of 5A secondaries. Current Transformers of 1A
Secondaries are normally used in the protection of 220 KV – 440 KV
Transmission lines where the substation apparatus is located at a considerable
distance from the control room, where the relays are situated.
The magnitude of the current which flows through the secondary
winding of a CT is a function of the primary current, the transformation ratio
and also the impedance of the secondary circuit. CT’s normally operate under
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conditions close to short circuit conditions. The Secondary winding burden
further depends upon the method of connection of the CT secondary, the relay
windings and the kind of short circuit experienced. CT’s used for extra high
voltage net work protection must be capable of accurately transmitting currents
both during steady state process and under transient conditions in order to
permit operation of the protective devices correctly.
The reasons for choosing proper CT’s for extra high voltage net work
protection are;
1. The time constants of DC components in the short circuit currents of
EHV net works are large.
2. The ratio of the short circuit current to the rated current is very high, due
to increased energy concentration.
3. High Speed relaying is essential to protect electrical equipment during
fault and to increase system stability.
For any type of protection the most important requirement is that
the current transformer should not get saturated before the pick up level of the
relays. CT’s must transform exactly the primary current, both in phase and
amplitude. In the case of differential type of protection, the two currents are
compared.
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POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS:
Instrument Transformers are of means of extending the range of A.C.
instruments like ammeters, voltmeters, V.A.R. meters, Walt-meters. They are
two types of potential transformers. The primary of the potential transformers is
connected across the transmission line whose voltage may range from 2.4 KV
to 220 KV. The secondary voltage is standardized at 110 KV. The load
connected to the secondary is referred to as burden.
The requirements of the good potential transformers are:
1) Accurate turns ration, n = Vp / Vs. The difficulty in maintaining the
accurate turn’s ratio is due to resistance and reactance of the windings
and the value of the exciting current of the transformer.
2) Small leakage reactance. The leakage reactance is due to the leakage of
the magnetic fluxes of the primary and secondary voltages. They can be
minimized by keeping the primary, secondary windings as close as
possible subject to insulation problem as the primary is at high voltage.
3) Small magnetic current. This can be achieved by making the reluctance
of the core as small as possible and flux density in the core is also low,
and it is very less than 1 wb / m2.
4) Minimum Voltage Drop: The resistance of the windings is made as small
as possible.
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The Primary as it carries high voltage should be heavily insulated. Hence
it is immersed in oil and the terminals are brought out to porcelain bushing.
Now-a-days synthetic rubber insulation like styrene is used avoiding oil and
porcelain. When the load or burden on the secondary is increased. The
secondary current increases with corresponding increase in primary current so
that transformation ratio remains the same.
RELAYS:
Protective relays are devices which close and open electrical circuits for
control of circuit breakers, when the quantity they are designed to respond to,
reaches a pre-determined value (Current, Voltage, Power, Impedance etc.)
According to their functions in the relay protection scheme relays are
divided into main relays and auxiliary relays. The main relays are the
protective elements, which respond to any change in the actuating quantity e.g.
Current, voltage, power. The auxiliary relays are those which are controlled by
other relays to perform some supplementary functions such as time delay,
multiplying the number of contacts, passing a command pulse from one relay to
another relay, acting upon circuit breaker closing (or) opening, energizing a
signal or alarm etc.
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Relays are classified to how they are connected. “Primary Relays” are
those whose measuring elements are directly connected in the circuit. The
secondary relays are those whose measuring elements are connected to the
circuit, they protect through instrument transformers (Current and voltage)
Thus protective relaying is one of several features of the system design
connected with minimising damage to the equipment and interrupts power
supply when fault occurs. It is therefore necessary a second line of defence is
provided to protect the electrical equipment when the main protective system
fails. The main one is called as Primary and the other is called as Back up
Protection.
ISOLATORS AND EARTH SWITCHES:
Isolator is a no-load switch designed to operate under no-load conditions
therefore the isolator opens only after the opening after the circuit breaker.
While closing, isolator closes first and then circuit breaker. Isolator is also
called as disconnecting switch or simply disconnector. It is interlock with
circuit breaker such that wrong operation is avoided.
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Earth Switch is connected between the line conductor and earth. Normally it is
open and it is closed to discharge the voltage trapped on the isolated or
disconnected line. When the line is disconnected from the supply end, there is
some voltage on the line to which the capacitance between the line and earth is
charged. This voltage is significant in hv systems. Before commencement of
maintenance work it is necessary that these voltages are discharged to earth by
closing the earthing switch. Normally the earthing switches are mounted on the
frame of the isolator.
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------: MAIN RECEIVING STATION (M.R.S): ------
The power for the Steel Plant is supplied from AP TRANSCO or
as well as from inplant generation. The 220 KV incoming power supply from
AP TRANSCO is brought to main receiving station (MRS) over one double
circuit 220 KV Transmission Lines. These lines are terminated at the 220 KV
bus of MRS the MRS is interconnected with load block step down Sub-Station-
5 (LBSS-5) with one set of double circuit 220 KV over head tie lines. From
MRS 220 KV power has been taken to each of LBSS-2, 3, 4 over a set of
double circuit 220 KV overhead lines. Also a set of 220 KV double circuit
lines have been taken to LBSS-1 from LBSS-5.
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Duplicate type 220 KV bus bar arrangement with a transfer bus has been
provided in M.R.S. Totally there are 14 bays viz., two incoming AP
TRANSCO feeder bays, three power plant and blower house (PP & BH) tie
feeder bays, seven outgoing feeder bays, one bus couples bay and one bypass
bay.
The power generated at power plant and blower house coke oven and by
product (CO – BP) and Blast Furnish (BF) has been paralleled in three groups
at 11 KV over three separate 11 KV buses located at PP & BH. These 11 KV
buses are interconnected with the 220 KV bus at LBSS-5 over three numbers
220 / 11 KV, 50/63 MVA and 220/11/11 KV. 31.5 / 40 / 50 MVA split
secondary transformers. Duplicate Type with a Transfer bus arrangement has
been provided in LBSS-5. Totally there are 11 Circuit breaker bays viz., Four
Transformer Bays, three bays for double circuit connection to MRS, two
outgoing feeders to LBSS-1 one bus coupler and one bypass bay.
The 220 KV Power is stepped down over three 220 / 11 / 6.6 KV three
winding transformers at each of LBSS-1 and LBSS-2 and over three 220 / 11.5 /
11.5 KV split secondary transformer at LBSS-4.
The basic parameters for the 220 KV System is as follows:
Normal System Voltage 220 KV
Highest System Voltage 245 KV
Number of Phases 3
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Rated Frequency 50 HZ
System Earthing Solidly earthed
Fault level 15,000 MVA (40 KA)
Short time current rating 40 KA / Sec.
Power frequency withstand voltage 395 KV RMS
Impulse withstand Voltage 950 KV Peak
The 220 KV base connections are so arranged that clearance and access
facilities required for safe maintenance of any section are maintained when the
remaining sections are alive. The following maximum clearances are
maintained in MRS and LBSS-5.
Phase to Phase 2160 mm
Phase to Earth 1880 mm
Sectional Clearance 4400 mm
Ground Clearance 5300 mm
SUB-STATION LAYOUT:
The Sub-Station Layout and single line diagram for Main Receiving
Station and load Block Sub-station –5 are shown in the following figures.
Broadly the layout for MRS and LBSS-5 are similar for number of feeders and
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transformer feeder in LBSS-5. MRS and LBSS-5 are provided with the
duplicate type bus (main bus-1 and 2) with a transfer bus.
Each incoming and outgoing feeder bay is provided with a line
isolator, a circuit breaker, a transfer bus isolator and two bus isolators. Bus
coupler connects main bus-1 and 2 through a circuit breaker and 2 bus isolators.
All feeders are provided with 3 single phase current transformers. However,
bus coupler is provided with 6 single phase current transformers. The details
such as number of cores, burden, and accuracy classes of each core are
indicated in the single line diagrams for MRS and LBSS-5 respectively.
Incoming feeders at MRS, LBSS-5 Tie-Feeders. At MRS and LBSS-5 are
provided with 3 single phase potential transformers. Also three single phase
potential transformers are provided in bypass bay for main bus-1 and in bus
coupler bay for main bus-2 for potential measurements. Each 50/63 MVA,
220 / 11 KV Transformer is provided in three transformer bays of LBSS-5 and
one 31.5 / 40 / 50 MVA, 220 / 11 / 11 KV Transformer is provided in the
fourth Transformer bay. All feeders for bus coupler and bypass feeders in MRS
and LBSS-5 are provided with lightening arresters.
Each bay is provided with a marshalling kiosk in which the auxiliary
contacts of Isolators and Breakers are brought for interlocking purpose. Also
secondary terminals of Current Transformers and Potential Transformers of the
bay are taken to control panels through marshalling kiosk.
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All Isolators installed in the out door yard can be operated controlled
manually or electrically on electrical mode both local / remote operations is
possible. All circuit breakers can be operated / controlled in electrical mode
either local / remote position.
The remote control / monitoring of all isolators and circuit breakers is
done with the help of a set of control and metering panels. One number of
doublex type panels with minimic diagram is provided for each bay. All
metering requirements and protective relays of that bay are mounted on the
same panel. All the control and relay panels along with the Metering Panel for
MRS are install in the MRS Control Building. Control and Relay Panels for
LBSS-5 are installed in the capacitive power plant control building.
EARTHING:
Earthing of the sub-station is provided by means of an earth mat.
The earth mat is provided by means of 75 X 10 mm G.I. Strips buried at a depth
of 1 meter. The earth mat is designed keeping the touch and step potentials
within the permissible limits. The earth connection from the equipment
earthing terminals to the main earth mat is done by 65 x 8 mm GI strips. All
equipment in the sub-station, rail track for transformers, cable rocks and trays
and structures are properly earthed. The two earth conductors are joined by
means of welding. One coat of red load, aluminum and lituminous point is
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applied on the welding portion. Details of earthing are indicated in diagrams
for MRS and for LBSS-5. Totally 75 numbers of earth points are provided for
MRS and 96 numbers of earth points are provided for LBSS-5. Lightening
arresters and lightening mat are provided with separate earth points.
Transformer neutrals are separately connected to 2 Earth Points.
The auxiliary A.C. supply for the outdoor yard equipments for MRS as
well as the equipments in MRS control room is obtained from a load centre sub-
station in MRS. The double ended load substation LCSS No. – 41 LC3
comprises of 2 Nos. of 11 KV 630A Isolators, 2 Nos. of 630 KVA Isolators, 2
Nos. of 630 KVA, 11 KV / 433V Transformers. One number of AC
distribution board and interconnecting HT and LT for ducts. The single line
diagram for the load centre substation is shown in diagrams.
No. of outgoing feeders from the load centre ACDB has been decided
considering individual AC feeder taken for each 220 KV circuit breakers by
add the equipments involved in the substation. A.C. auxiliary supply system for
LBSS type equipment is not in MGEE scope of supply.
The Auxiliary D.C. supply for MRS and LBSS-5 is taken from a
set of 220 KV, 250 A Battery Charger 1 set of 220 V batteries. The DC output
of charger / battery is fed to a DC Distribution Board. The single line diagram
for DC DB is indicated in diagrams. The number of outgoing feeders of DC
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DB has been decided considering individual DC feeder taken for each 220 KV
circuit breaker bay and other Equipment involved in the sub-station.
All the equipments involved the AC / DC Auxiliary systems for
MRS are installed in MRS control room. The layout of all the equipment in
MRS control building is indicated in diagram. The control room in MRS is air
conditioned and ventilating boxes are provided for battery room and store
rooms. Four numbers of packaged type standard air conditioners each of 10
Ton along with compressors and its drives are provided for this purpose and
they are installed in MRS control building. One set of factory assembled
totally enclosed, metal elude, dead front, and compartmentalized motor control
centre is installed for building ventilation boxes and conditioners equipments.
SWITCHING SEQUENCES:
For charging Main Bus-I and Bus-II:
1) Keep the breaker 52 in open position.
2) Ensure earth switches 57A, 57B and 57C are in open position.
3) Ensure earth switch 57A, PT of the bus Isolator 29A PT in open position
for charging main Bus-I.
4) Ensure that switch 57B – PT of bus isolator 29B – PT is in open position
for charging main bus-II.
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5) Close isolator 29C.
6) Close isolator 29A if bus-I is required to be charged or close isolator 29B
if bus-II is required to be charged.
7) Both isolator 29A and 29B should not be closed simultaneously.
8) Close the breaker 52 (Breaker can not be closed unless synchronous
condition is satisfied)
II) FOR CHARGING MAIN BUS-I AND BUS-II THROUGH BY PASS
CIRCUIT BREAKER WHEN CIRCUIT BREAKER IS TAKEN OUT
FROM THE LINE FOR MAINTENANCE PURPOSE:
1) Ensure earth switch 57C is in open position.
2) Ensure earth switch 57A-PT is in open position for charging main Bus-I.
3) Ensure earth switch 57B-PT is in open position for charging main Bus-II.
4) Ensure transfer bus isolator of other feeders are in open position,
5) Close the transfer bus isolator 29D of the required feeder.
6) Ensure breaker 52 – BP is in open position and close the isolator 29C-BP.
7) Ensure earth switch 57A-BP is in open position if Bus-I is required to be
charged and close isolator 29A or close isolator 29B – BP if bus-II is
required to be charged.
52406825.doc Page 32
8) Put the trip transfer switch provided on the panel corresponding to the
bay in which breaker is taken out maintenance purpose to transfer
position.
9) Close the breaker 52.
III) FOR TRANSFERING THE CHARGER FROM MAIN BUS-II TO
BUS-1 THROUGH BUS COUPLER:
1) Ensure earth switches 57-B BC, 57A-BC, 57B-PT and breaker 52-BC is in
open position.
2) Close the isolator 29A – BC and 29B—BC.
1) Close the breaker 52-BC.
2) Operate OLBT Switch.
3) On operation of OLBT switch Bus-II isolator opens and Bus-I isolator
closes automatically.
4) Open breaker 52-BC.
5) Open Isolator 29A – BC and 29B – BC.
6) From remote point operate discrepancies switch and open isolator
29B and close isolator 29A to transfer charge from 29B to 29A.
7) Close breaker 52.
52406825.doc Page 33
IV) FOR TRANSFERING THE CHARGER FROM MAIN BUS-1 TO
BUS-II THROUGH BUS COUPLER:
1) Ensure earth switch 57B-BC and 57A-BC and 57A-PT, 52-BC are in
open position.
2) Close the isolator 29A – BC, and 29B—BC.
3) Close the breaker 52-BC.
4) Operate OLBT Switch.
5) On operation of OLBT Switch bus-I isolator Opens and bus-II isolator
closes simultaneously.
6) Open breaker 52-BC,.
7) Open isolator 29A-BC, and 29B-BC.
8) From remote point operate discrepancy switch and open isolator 29A and
close isolator 29B.
9) Close breaker 52.
52406825.doc Page 34
52406825.doc Page 35
------: LOAD BLOCK STEP DOWN SUB-STATIONS: ------
All the Load Block Step Down Sub-Stations 2, 3, 4 receives power
from MRS at 220 KV level and the LBSS-1 receives power from LBSS-5. At
the LBSS-1, 2 the voltage is stepped down from 220 KV to 11 KV / 6.6 KV by
3 winding transformers Star/Delta/Delta. At LBSS-2, another transformer of
220 KV / 33 KV, 31.5 MVA is installed for feeding power to ladder furnace.
At LBSS-3 and LBSS-4 the voltage is stepped down from 220 KV to 11 KV /
11 KV by 3 winding transformer (Star / Delta / Delta)
At LBSS-5 three transformers of rating 50/63 MVA, 220/11 KV
are connected to GSB-1 at Thermal Power Plant, to which 3 x 60 MW Turbo
generators are also connected. Fourth Transformer at LBSS-5 is of 220 / 11 /
11 KV, 31.5 / 40 / 50 MVA is connected to the GSB-2 and 3 at TPP, to which 2
x 12 MW GETGS and 2 x 7.5 MW BPTGs are connected. Fifth transformer is
of 220 / 11 KV, 90 MVA at LBSS-5 is directly connected to 67.5 MW Turbo
generators at TPP. The 11 KV and 6.6 KV switch boards located inside the
LBSS Buildings are connected to the Transformers secondaries through totally
enclosed bus ducts. High capacity 11 KV motors like feed air compressor in
ASP, primary air compressors in compressor house-1 and exhausters of sinter
plant are feed from LBSS itself.
52406825.doc Page 36
The power is feeded to CPRS through Transformers TF 1 and TF 2
of 220 / 33 KV, 125 MVA rating and this is further reduced by the transformers
T1 and T2 of 33 / 11 KV and the 11 KV is distributed to Central Power
Receiving Station and the voltage is further step down to 0.4 KV and is
distributed to house hold purposes.

52406825.doc Page 37
All the step down actions are taken place with necessary precautions. And all
the lines are connected by the well tested protective equipment in order to
prevent damage to the system in case of any faults.
From MRS the power is distributed to all the LBSS through 2 lines
and at Bus-1 the AP TRANSCO incoming lines are connected. At bus 2 all the
outgoing feeders are connected during normal operating conditions. There is
another bus called as auxiliary bus. Under fault conditions if any one of the
buses one or two is damaged then the power is transferred from that bus to
auxiliary bus and then the service is continued until the bus is repaired. This
auxiliary bus is operated by operating the by pass. From Bus 1 the power is
transferred to the Bus 2, by closing the bus coupler.
Each line is named as 1 Bay. There are 14 Bays at MRS. Each bay
is named with a certain alphabet and it consists of a line isolator and a circuit
breaker, a transfer bus isolator and 2 Bus isolators. From MRS the power has
been distributed to the CPRS and then to household consumers through A Bay.
Through B bay and C bay the power has been feeded to LBSS-2 from MRS at
220 KV Level. By means of H Bay, and G Bay, the power has been feeded to
the LBSS-4 from MRS at 220 KV Level. Similarly to LBSS-3 the power has
been feeded through M Bay and L Bay and to LBSS-5 the power has been
feeded through N-Bay, P Bay and R-Bay.
52406825.doc Page 38
LBSS-1 receives power from LBSS-5 through 2 number of 220 KV
Transmission lines. This 220 KV is further stepped down to 11 KV and 6.6 KV
by using 3 numbers of 3 winding transformers of 80 MVA of star/delta/delta.
Each having secondaries of 11 KV and 6.6 KV. LV1 of each transformer is
connected to 11 KV Switch Board and LV2 of each transformer is connected to
6.6 KV Switch Board from the Switch Board the power has been feeded to
different loads viz., Coke Oven, CP, RMHP.
52406825.doc Page 39
LBSS-2 receives power from MRS through 2 numbers of 220 KV Lines named
L2 & L2 and L2, L1 (B Bay and A-Bay) This 220 KV is stepped down to
11 KV and 6.6 KV by 3 number of transformers of 80 MVA of star / delta /
delta. Each having secondaries of 11 KV and 6.6 KV. LV1 of each
transformer is connected to 11 KV Switch Board and LV2 of each transformer
is connected to 6.6 KV Switch Board. Each secondary is connected to Earthing
cum Stationery Transformer (EST) and from the switch boards the power is
feeded to different loads namely, BF1, BF2, SMS, CRMP, ASP, BHS1,
BHS 2. There is one more transformer of 220 / 33 KV, 31.5 MVA is
installed to Feed the power to Ladder furnace.
52406825.doc Page 40
LBSS-3 receives power from MRS through 2 numbers of 220 KV Transmission
Lines named L3 and L2 and L2 and L1. This 220 KV is stepped down to 11
KV through 3 number of transformers of 80 MVA of Star/delta/delta is having
secondaries of 11 KV. LV1 of each transformer is connected to 11 KV Switch
Board and LV 2 of each Transformer is connected to 11 KV Switch Board.
From the switch boards the power has been feeded to different loads viz.,
MMS. (Medium Merchant Stationery Mill)
52406825.doc Page 41
LBSS-4 receives power from MRS through 2 number of 220 KV Transmission
line named L4 and L1 and L4 and L2. This 220 KV is further stepped down to
11 KV by using three numbers of 3 winding transformers of star/delta/delta.
Each having secondaries of 11 KV, LV1 of each transformer is connected to 11
KV Switch Board and LV2 of each transformer is connected to another 11 KV
Switch Board. From the switch board the power has been feeded to the
different loads like LMMM, WRM, Stores, and Pump House.
52406825.doc Page 42
------: CONCLUSION: ------
LBSS area of DNW Department is very critical as far as HT Supply
system is concerned. The GSB feeders of this area switchboards plays a vital
role in Steel Plant Units viz., SMS, BF, ASP, WMD, etc. Which are directly
connected to Thermal Power Plant. This can not be afforded to fail for a Bus
Fault which may affect the plant generation.
Hence, all the LBSS and GSB Switch Boards were provided with
new over current instantaneous relays to trip the feeders and also prevents the
Bus Coupler to close in auto in case of Bus faults the reliability of the system
has become very high. Thus the reliability of the system has become very high.
The above said modification has achieved the desired requirement
of reliable power supply to LBSS area units of VSP.

Power Distribution of VSP Done at Vizag Steel

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52406825.

POWER DISTRIBUTION OF VSP

4) SWITCH YARD EQUIPMENT

5) MAIN RECEIVING STATION

6) LOAD BLOCK STEP DOWN SUB-STATIONS

------: ABSTRACT: ------

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (V.S.P.) being a major process industry

requires uninterrupted power source. To meet this V.S.P. is having a unique

synchronized with the V.S.P. own captive generation stepped up to

This synchronized 220 KV will be stepped down to 11 KV, 6.6 KV at

KV motors are directly fed to HVLC transformers from LBSS.

various units of V.S.P.

-----: OVERVIEW OF V.S.P: ------

located 16 Kms. south west of Visakhapatnam. It has an installed capacity of 3

At VSP there is emphasis on total automation, seamless integration and

efficient up gradation, which result in a wide range of long and structural

product meet stringent demands of customers within India and abroad.

the 3 International Standards for quality (ISO – 9001), for environment

The construction of the plant started on 1st Feb. 1982. Government of

the plant at VISAKHAPTNAM from authority of India Limited to RINL.

Minister of India late Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY USED IN THE PLANT:

Modern Technology has been adopted in many areas of

 Selective crushing of coal.

 7 maters tall coke ovens.

 Dry quenching of coke.

 On ground blending of sinter base mix.

 Conveyor charging and bell less top for blast furnace.

 Cast house slag granulates for blast furnace.

 100% continuous casting of

 Hot metal de-sulpherization.

 Extensive treatment facilities of effluents for ensuring proper

 Computerization for process control.

 Sophisticated high speed high production mills.

 Iron ore lumps and fines

 Medium coking coal (MCC)

Steel Products (i) By-Products (ii) By-Products

MAJOR DEPARTMETS IN VSP:

 Raw material handling plant (RMHP)

 Coke ovens and coal chemical plant (CO and CCP)

 Sinter Plant (SP)

 Steel melting shop (SMS)

 Continuous Casting Shop (CCD)

 Light and Medium Merchant Mills (LMMM)

 Wire rod mill (WRM)

 Medium merchant and structural mill (MMSM)

------: INTRODUCTION: ------

The estimated power requirement of V.S.P. is 280 MW at 0.3 MT stage the

MW comprising of 247.5 MW captive thermal power generations, 24 MW from

VSP receives power from AP TRANSCO at 220 KV level in two lines.

TPP at 11 KV level and is stepped up to 220 KV Level. This 220 KV supply at

LBSS-5 is transmitted through tie-lines to MRS. Both 220 KV supplies of AP

to facilitate bus coupling operations.

Normally 220 KV at MRS is in synchronized condition with

APTRANSCO power and this synchronized power is supplied to different load

block sub-station-2, 3, 4 and LBSS-1 from LBSS-5.

sources will feed to three 80 MVA Transformers of 220/11/6.6 KV and one

feed to three 80 MVA 220/11/6.6 KV level 3-winding transformers.

at LBSS, each transformer is provided with two earthing transformers. So there

are Earthing-cum-Stationery Transformers (EST) existing in each LBSS from

Resistance (NGR) of very less value.

From MRS to LBSS the 220 KV power is transmitted through overhead