DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
AND ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• It started as a practical activity of
colonizers in the service of Christianity
and the Spanish Government.
• Ethnographic data were provided by
the early chroniclers like Pigafetta,
Loarca, Placencia, Fr. Chirino.
• They write the early cultures and
society in the rediscovered
archipelago which was named
Filipinas in honor of King Philip II of
Spain.
ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Frenchman Alfred Marche – led
archeological explorations in the 19th
century.
• It was followed by the American
government which became interested
in the various ethnic groups in the
country.
• Ethnological Survey of the
Philippines – replaced the Bureau of
Non- Christian tribes.
ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Otley Beyer (1914) – elevated
anthropology as an academic
discipline at the University of the
Philippines.
• It was offered as one of the courses in
the department of history, and later
on, merged with sociology.
ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Anthropology prospered as a distinct
course in Philippine schools.
• Schools who has doctorate degree in
the early years were:
- University of San Carlos (Cebu)
- Ateneo de Manila University
- Xavier University (Cagayan de
Oro City)
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Fr. Valentin Marin – introduced
sociology in the Philippines in 1896 as
a course on criminology at the
University of Santo Tomas.
• In 1919, Sociology were introduced at
Siliman University and the Theological
Seminary.
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Serafin Macaraig – first Filipino to
receive a doctorate degree in
sociology in 1939.
• Introduction to Sociology – became
the first text in the University of the
Philippines written by Serafin
Macaraig.
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
SOCIOLOGISTS after Macaraig were:
• Juan Ruiz – offered courses in social
work in the University of the
Philippines.
• Prof. Marcelo Tangco – succeeded
Dr. Macaraig.
• SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Flora Diaz Catapusan – invited to
teach sociology at the Centro Escolar
University in 1946
• Dr. Benicio Catapusan – invited to
serve as a professional lecturer in
 sociology at the University of the
Philippines in 1948
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Philippine Sociological Society –
was organized by a group of Filipino
educators and visiting professors in
the different regions.
Its objectives are:
• To increase knowledge about social
behavior
• To gather data on social problems for
their possible solutions
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• To train teachers and researches in the
field of sociology
• To develop cooperation and unity
among social scientists in the
Philippines.
• 1960 – the Research Foundation of
Philippine Anthropology and
Archeology was established
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Philippine Social Science Council –
in 1968 it was formed to consolidate
the Philippine social science resources
whose objectives are:
• To promote the quality and relevance
of social science researches
• To improve teaching skills in social
science
• To finance researches along the social
sciences
• To encourage social science
publications
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Factors and Stages in the development
of
sociology in the Philippines in the words
of
Catapusan and Catapusan:
• Considerable efforts have been made
to define and to determine the fields
of sociology
• There are considerable specializations
in subject matter and in approach
• SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Sociological principles are being
employed in the analysis of an
increasing number of social situations
• The study of various problems led to
discovering, refining, and perfecting
new methods of sociological
investigations.
SOCIOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY
IN THE PHILIPPINES
• 1960’s and 1970’s – researches
were undertaken along different
aspects of social and cultural life
Source: Palispis, Epitacio S., Introduction to
Sociology and Anthropology. Manila: Rex
Printing Company, Inc., 1996