Acid Base

EXPERIMENT
5
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS Acid-Base Properties

REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
of
RESULTS
DISCUSSION Organic Compounds

IR ANALYSIS
ARMSALCEDO alanx3@yahoo.com
EXPERIMENT
5 Objectives
OBJECTIVES
to describe the structural features common to
CONCEPTS compounds that belong to a specific functional grouping
REAGENTS
to be able to differentiate each component of a given
PROCEDURE mixture of organic functionality based on solubility and
acid-base properties
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
1
EXPERIMENT
5 Highlighted Concepts
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS
Physical Properties
REAGENTS
can be determined without changing the chemical identity of a
substance
PROCEDURE
examples are physical color, odor, physical state, solubility
RESULTS and density
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS
Acids and Bases
REAGENTS
Brönsted-Lowry Lewis
PROCEDURE
Acids Proton donor Electron pair acceptor
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
Bases Proton acceptor Electron pair donor
2
EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS
Acid-Base properties
REAGENTS Acids Bases
PROCEDURE sour in taste taste bitter and feel soapy
increase H+ concentration increase OH- concentration
RESULTS
DISCUSSION “Organic acids and bases are weak in nature and don’t
ionize completely in H2O.”
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES
Acid-Base properties of organic compounds
CONCEPTS
organic acids and bases are weak in nature and don’t ionize
REAGENTS
completely in H2O
PROCEDURE
organic compound’s acid – base behavior can be obtained by

RESULTS
solubility comparison in aqueous acids and aqueous bases
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
3
EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS
Solubility
REAGENTS
ability of a substance to dissolve
solute – the substance being dissolve
PROCEDURE
solvent – a substance in which other substances are
RESULTS dissolved
solution – mixture of solute and solvent
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent at
equilibrium
EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS
Factors affecting solubility
REAGENTS
TEMPERATURE
around 95% of solid solutes, the solubility increases with
PROCEDURE temperature
RESULTS
PRESSURE
the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to
DISCUSSION the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid (Henry’s
Law)
IR ANALYSIS
POLARITY
“Like dissolves like.”
4
EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES
CONCEPTS
Solubility vs Miscibility
REAGENTS
SOLUBILITY - a measure of one substance's ability to
dissolve in a specific amount of another substance at standard
PROCEDURE
temperature and pressure
RESULTS
MISCIBILITY - a measure of how easily different liquids will
DISCUSSION dissolve when mixed together
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
5 Reagents
OBJECTIVES
Reference Standard
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
Cyclohexane Phenol Benzoic acid
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
Ethanol Ethylamine
Amyl acetate
5
EXPERIMENT
5 Reagents
OBJECTIVES Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
strong acid because it can be completely dissociated with
CONCEPTS
water
REAGENTS
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

PROCEDURE
strong metallic base which reacts with strong acids to form
RESULTS water and its corresponding salts
DISCUSSION
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
IR ANALYSIS
white crystalline solid which when treated with acids
decomposes to water and CO2
EXPERIMENT
5 Procedure
OBJECTIVES
Physical Properties
CONCEPTS
Amyl acetate
REAGENTS physical state
Cyclohexane
PROCEDURE Ethylamine
5 drops or color
RESULTS Ethanol microspatula
DISCUSSION Benzoic acid

odor
IR ANALYSIS Phenol
6
EXPERIMENT
5 Procedure
OBJECTIVES
Solubility/Miscibility Test
CONCEPTS
1. Amyl acetate
REAGENTS + 1 mL 1M HCl
1 2 3 4 5 6
2. Cyclhexane Observe
PROCEDURE and record
3. Ethylamine the
solubility of
RESULTS 4. Ethanol each
+ 1 mL 1M NaOH compound
1 2 3 4 5 6
DISCUSSION 5. Benzoic acid
IR ANALYSIS 6. Phenol
EXPERIMENT
5 Procedure
OBJECTIVES
Solubility/Miscibility Test
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS Benzoic acid Phenol

Observe
microspatula NaHCO3 10 drops and record
PROCEDURE
the
+ 10
solubility of
RESULTS drops each
compound
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
Observe for any effervescence.
7
EXPERIMENT
5 Results
Physical Properties Miscibility
Organic
OBJECTIVES Physical With 1M With 1M
Sample Odor, Color
State HCl* NaOH*
Before After
CONCEPTS heating: heating:
Amyl acetate Liquid immiscible immiscible

REAGENTS Banana- Banana-like
___
like odor; odor;
Colorless. Colorless.
PROCEDURE
Gasoline-like odor ;
Cyclohexane Liquid immiscible immiscible
Colorless
RESULTS Ammonia-like odor;
Ethylamine Liquid miscible miscible
Colorless
Alcohol-like odor; With
Ethanol Liquid miscible miscible
DISCUSSION Colorless NaHCO3*
-
Odorless; White, fine
Benzoic Acid Solid insoluble soluble With
powder
IR ANALYSIS effervescence
-
Formalin-like odor; Light
Phenol Liquid immiscible miscible Without
red
effervescence
EXPERIMENT
5 Discussion
OBJECTIVES
Amyl Acetate
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
neutral compound
participate in H-bond as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot
PROCEDURE act as hydrogen-bond donors
RESULTS ester molecules cannot hydrogen-bond to each other

immiscible in both HCl and NaOH
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
8
EXPERIMENT
5 Discussion
OBJECTIVES
Cyclohexane
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
neutral compound
cannot form H bonds because of their non-polarity
PROCEDURE
immiscible in both HCl and NaOH
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
5 Discussion
OBJECTIVES
Ethanol
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
can form H-bond
considered neutral compound but may act as acid or base
PROCEDURE
can dissolve in both polar and non-polar substances
RESULTS miscible with HCl and NaOH
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
9
EXPERIMENT
5 Discussion
OBJECTIVES
Ethylamine
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
can form H-bond
act as a base
PROCEDURE
basicity depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons
RESULTS of N and on the electronic properties of the substituents
miscible with HCl and NaOH
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS Reaction of Ethylamine with HCl

CH3CH2NH2 + HCl CH3CH2NH3+ + Cl-
EXPERIMENT
5 Discussion
OBJECTIVES
Benzoic acid
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
can form H-bond
act as an acid
PROCEDURE
soluble in NaOH
RESULTS insoluble in HCl and forms effervescence with NaHCO3
DISCUSSION
Reaction of Benzoic acid with NaOH
IR ANALYSIS C6H5COOH + NaOH C6H5COO-Na+ + H2O
10
EXPERIMENT
5 Discussion
OBJECTIVES
Phenol
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
can form H-bond
slightly acidic
PROCEDURE
miscible in NaOH
RESULTS immiscible in HCl and does not form effervescence with
NaHCO3
DISCUSSION
Reaction of Phenol with NaOH
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
5 Infrared Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Ethylacetate
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
11
EXPERIMENT
5 Infrared Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Cyclohexane
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
5 Infrared Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Ethylamine
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
12
EXPERIMENT
5 Infrared Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Ethanol
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
5 Infrared Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Benzoic acid
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
13
EXPERIMENT
5 Infrared Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Phenol
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT
5
OBJECTIVES
PREPARED BY:
CONCEPTS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
alanx3@yahoo.com
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
IR ANALYSIS
14

Acid Base

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Acid Base

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EXPERIMENT

CONCEPTS Acid-Base Properties

DISCUSSION Organic Compounds

organic compound’s acid – base behavior can be obtained by

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

DISCUSSION Benzoic acid

REAGENTS Benzoic acid Phenol

Amyl acetate Liquid immiscible immiscible

RESULTS ester molecules cannot hydrogen-bond to each other

IR ANALYSIS Reaction of Ethylamine with HCl

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