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Choose TWO of the following three questions, cut and paste them into a Word document, and
answer each of them using material from the course (i.e., lectures, textbook, readings, videos,
material linked from the course website, etc.). No outside research is necessary. Your answers
should be 500-600 words per question. This is a hard word limit, do not ask to exceed it. Turn in your
assignment as a Word document (.docx) and no other formats (e.g., .pdf, .odt) using the Turnitin link on
the course website.

You do not need to follow ‘essay format’ (with introduction, main body, and conclusion) for each
answer. Instead, focus on answering the question in a few paragraphs using complete sentences, proper
grammar, and clear language. You are encouraged to write in the active, first-person voice. That is,
“in this answer I will describe ... To conclude, I will outline ...”

You do not need to include in-text citations and a reference list but you should make it clear where
the information is coming from. This should be done in ‘narrative style’ - for example, “In Ch.11 of the
textbook, the context of X is discussed in reference to Y ... ” or, “In article X, it was argued that ...” or,
“In the lecture on Ch.5, it was explained that ...” and so on. If you insist on using in-text citations and a
reference list, do not count them in your final word count.

You are welcome to use the Writing Centre services to help you with this assignment, and you are free to
discuss with your classmates and consult your course materials. However, all submitted answers must be
your own work and ideas, and you should not plagiarize or self-plagiarism (i.e., do not copy and paste
writing from other assignments). Turnitin will be used to detect plagiarism and self-plagiarism (and it is
good at what it does). Make sure the version that you submit is your final version. Use the filename:
Lastname_Firstname_AssignX, where X is the assignment number.

The questions were written with a balance between the contents of the video lectures and textbook
in mind. They represent relatively equal challenge, with each relating to historical analysis and
substantive issues and concepts from the history of modern psychology.
Question A

How did Eleanor Gibson’s experiments support or challenge the core ideas of the
Empiricist tradition? Describe briefly the significance of Gibson’s work (5) and describe
the key issues of the ‘nature-nurture debate’ (5). Use examples (2) and concepts (2)
from the lectures and textbook. Spelling and grammar are important (1). This question is
graded out of fifteen (/15).

Question B

Hermann Helmholtz electrically stimulated a severed frog leg in order to measure the
speed of nerve signals. The time it took for the electrical current to travel through the
frog’s leg and result in a foot twitch was recorded as the speed of nerve transmission.
What was significant about this experiment to 19 th century physiological psychologists
(5), and how did this discovery shape subsequent laboratory studies in Germany? (5).
Use examples (2) and concepts (2) from the lectures and textbook. Spelling and
grammar are important (1). This question if graded out of fifteen (/15).

Question C

The psychological approaches of William James and Wilhelm Wundt in many ways
mirrored their own personalities but also broadly represented the intellectual climates of
their respective countries. Describe how the psychology hat flourished in America was
different from its German counterpart (5), compare the primary difference between
‘Structuralism’ and ‘Functionalism’ in early American psychology (5). Use examples (2)
and concepts (2) from the lectures and textbook. Spelling and grammar are important
91). This question is graded out of fifteen (/15).