SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

IN PUTRAJAYA

by

Azizi Ahmad Termizi

Senior Deputy Director (City Planning)
Putrajaya Corporation

2nd Asia-Pacific Mayor’s Forum

On Environmentally Sustainable Urban Infrastructure
Ulsan Metropolitan City, Korea
27 - 29 October 2009
 The Vision for Putrajaya
PUTRAJAYA:
Malaysia’s new Federal Government
Administrative Centre

• City in a Garden

• Intelligent City

“…..a city that

characterizes the spirit of
Malaysia in its fullest
sense in the 21st
century…a city to
symbolize the nation’s
aspirations…”
(Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed
Malaysia’s Fourth Prime Minister)
RATIONALE FOR THE CREATION OF A
NEW ADMISTRATIVE CENTRE
 To relieve the pressure on Kuala Lumpur’s over-stretched
infrastructure

 Scarcity of Government land in Kuala Lumpur to cater for

Government office expansion

 Well-planned administrative centre with modern facilities and

technology to enhance the government efficiency and productivity
 LOCATION OF PUTRAJAYA

KLCC

25 KM

PUTRAJAYA

20 KM

KLIA
BASIC FACTS AND FIGURES

 Area : 4,931 ha.

 Planned Population : 320,000
 Daytime Population : 500,000
 Government : 3.8 million sq.m.
 Commercial : 3.4 million sq.m.
 Housing Units : 67,000 units
(55% Government)
(32% Public)
(13% Affordable
Homes)
 Roads (major) : 94.87km
 Rail line : 18.87km
 CURRENT STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT
Resident Population : 70,000 population

Govt. Office Workers : 40,939 workers

Government Office : 2.2 million sq.m. (completed)

0.5 million sq.m. (under construction)

Commercial Space : 383,000 sq.m. (completed)

260,000 sq.m. (under construction)

Residential Units : 16,624 units (completed)

10,717 units (under construction)

The Prime Minister’s Office:

the first building to be
constructed
 PLANNING CONCEPT

+
Development based
BUILD WITH NATURE
on the “Garden City CONCEPT
Concept”

Underlying theme
and emphasis is on
sustainable
development GARDEN CITY CONCEPT SUB-URBAN
CONCEPT

ELEVATED
CRESCENT LINEAR CITY
CONCEPT CONCEPT
 THE PUTRAJAYA MASTER PLAN
Main features of the Putrajaya
Master Plan
 Large proportion of the city area
designated as green open space

 Man-made lake and wetlands

created to bring in nature

 38km of the waterfront

 City divided into 20 precincts; with

main employment and commercial
precincts located on the Core Island

 Residential areas in the ‘peripheral LAND USE %

precincts ‘ GOVERNMENT USE 4.57

RESIDENTIAL 14.42


KOMERSIAL 2.83

A 4.2km long Boulevard forms the MIXED USE 0.83

central spine of the city SPECIAL USE 2.80

SERVICE INDUSTRY 0.23

PUBLIC AMENITIES 6.98

PARKS & OPEN SPACE 39.15

INFRAS & UTILITIES 9.79

ROAD 18.40
TWO SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

1. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

2. PUTRAJAYA WETLANDS
PUTRAJAYA PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Objectives of Putrajaya
Transportation Master Plan

1. Environment free from traffic

congestion and pollution
emissions

2. 70% of travelling in Core Area is

by public transport (70:30 modal)

3. Give emphasis to public transport

usage with the development of
Park and Ride facilities
 TRANSPORT STRATEGIES
Putrajaya Transport Action Plan (PTAP)

1. Urban rail system as the backbone for the public

transport infrastructure

2. Provision of bus services as support/feeder

service to rail stations/transport terminals

3. Development of 7 Park and Ride facilities

4. Exercise strict control over the total number of

parking spaces
 RAIL-BASED TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Backbone for urban transport:

why electric powered rail transit
system?

1. Minimum emission of greenhouse

gases and other pollutants

2. Reduce dependency on non-

renewable energy

3. Higher transport efficiency

4. Less traffic noise

Future monorail
 RAIL-BASED
TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Rail Transit System

Total length = 20.0 km

Line 1 = 13.2 km

Line 2 = 6.8 km

Total No. of Stations = 26

Completed Tunnel = 7.4 km

Stations strategically located to

serve users

Project deferred in
2004 
RAIL SYSTEM-RELATED FACILITIES ALREADY COMPLETED

Park & Ride facility in Precinct 7,

completed in 2008 (partially utilized)

Monorail crossing bridge completed in 2004

(not utilized)
 The delay in rail transit
system development
has resulted in:

• Public highly
dependent on private
vehicles
(85% of traveling)

• Traffic congestion
during peak hours
Demand for parking space far outstrips supply at
Government office complexes
 CITY BUS SYSTEM

• Local bus service run by Putrajaya Corporation

• All buses are environmentally-friendly NGVs

Bus Fleet Expansion

Current number of buses (2009) = 70

Number of buses by year 2010 = 170

Number of buses by year 2012 = 270

NGV buses:
Clean air, less contamination of lake and rivers, less noise
 TOTAL BUS RIDERSHIP
JUMLAH PENUMPANG 2005 HINGGA 2008

Year No. of Passengers

Adult Children Pass Total
2005 935,705 85,342 0 1,021,047
2006 871,608 27,905 0 899,513
2007 1,788,285 58,913 0 1,847,198
2008 2,356,022 133,586 55,494 2,545,102

Note: The total ridership for 2009 is targeted to reach 3 million

 FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS TO
THE BUS SERVICES
• Purchase of more buses

• The use of fleet management system (FMS)

• Electronic ticketing and payment system

• Development of bus lanes

• Development of more bus stop shelters

• Use of Automatic Vehicle Locator System

(AVLS)
 PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

1. The bus system has been a “savior” to the public transport service
in Putrajaya whilst waiting for the urban rail system to be
implemented

2. With further improvement efforts to the bus system, it can only

contribute positively towards fulfilling the promise of an
environment-friendly public transport infrastructure

3. But the future lies with urban rail system if public transport is to
efficiently serve Putrajaya’s targeted population of 320,000 and
commuters and visitors to the city
 PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS SYSTEM
The Putrajaya Lake

 600 hectares man-made lake

 Create unique urban image and character
for Putrajaya
 Nature in the urban fabric
 Quality and prime waterfront development
 Recreation, sports and tourism
opportunities

21
 PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS SYSTEM

So how do you maintain the

lake water quality?

Build an artificial
wetland!
The ‘kidney’ for the lake

22
 The Putrajaya Wetlands

Largest man-made wetlands in

the tropics: 200 hectares

Sustainable city-related objectives:

• As a filtering mechanism to cleanse the

rivers water which feed the lake

• To bring nature into the city

• To provide for flood detention

• To enhance the landscape and

recreational opportunities
WETLAND COMPONENTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
Wetland Components Function

Sediment Forebays • trap sediment from water flowing into the wetlands

Fringing vegetation • diversifies the habitat along the shoreline for invertebrates,
(Littoral vegetation) waterfowl and other fauna
• slows down overland water flows, promotes sedimentation and
cleanses the waterl
• inks the macrophyte and open water zones of the cells to the
swamp forest zone

Islands • separate out water flows and lengthen flow paths for better
water cleansing

• provide isolated habitat for birds

• provide buffering for cells from the surrounding land and

improve water quality removing sediment and nutrients

• provide fauna a refuge from developed areas

Wetland Cells • traps sediments, filtration of pollutants and nutrients

• creates a diverse range of habitats

 PROCESSES IN THE WETLANDS CELLS
NUTRIENTS,
NUTRIENTS, SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
METALS
METALS TOXICANTS
TOXICANTS

NITROGEN
NITROGEN
GASGAS

PLANT SEDIMENTAT
PLANT UPTAKE
UPTAKE FILTRATION
ION
PHOSPHOR ABSORPTION TO ORGANIC
MARSH PHOSPHORUS ABSORPTION TO ORGANIC
MATERIALS
US
SEDIMENTATION & MATERIALS
SEDIMENTATION &
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION UPTAKEUPTAKE
BY PLANTS
BY PLANTS
AND AND
META
METALS MICROBES
MICROBES
LS

MARS
MARSH
H

UPTAKE/ RELEASE BY
MICROBES

WETLANDS
WETLAND
CELLS
CELL
 Putrajaya - Wetland Cells

The lower East Wetland consists

of two cells, and is the smallest
wetland with an area of 14.3
hectares

The Central Wetlands is one large 50.9 hectare cell,

where water form the four wetlands (Upper Bisa
excluded) is collected before being discharged into
the lake
BENEFITS OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

 Cost-effective treatment of non-

point-source of pollution
 Enhancement of wildlife
habitats, biodiversity
revitalization
 Lower operation and
maintenance costs relative to
conventional water treatment
plants
 Clean/healthy water for
irrigation purposes
BENEFITS OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

 Reduction of flood hazards and

erosion
 Opportunities for enhancement of
recreation amenities and tourism
 Opportunities for academic
research and public education
 Urban Ecology : Nature in the urban fabric
Putrajaya Wetlands: Habitat of diversified Flora and Fauna

Kinta Weed Vanda

hookeriana
 Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands
Putrajaya Wetlands: Habitat of diversified Flora and Fauna
 TERRESTRIAL FAUNA
(survey conducted twice a year)

AVIFAUNA (June 2009)

 35 Families
 77 Species
 Bird Categories
 Terrestrial Bird

 Water Bird

 Raptor

 Migratory Bird
Putrajaya Wetlands is a home for storks
“This is a good sign that
Putrajaya is capable of
recreating a natural habitat for
these birds” says Cheong Weng
Chun, a licensed nature guide & bird
watching enthusiast

The Star,
August 18th, 2009
 Benefit of wetlands – optimum use the
Putrajaya Lake
AN ASSET FOR WATER SPORTS, RECREATION & TOURISM

International F1
Powerboat

International
water ski competition

International dragon boat competition

Sailing Regatta
AN ASSET FOR WATER SPORTS, RECREATION & TOURISM

LAKE ACTIVITIES & ATTRACTIONS

PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

Biggest challenge:
catchment management and control

 About 30% of the upstream areas of the

Putrajaya Lake Catchment lies outside
Putrajaya in the State of Selangor,
where the level of enforcement is not as
integrated and focused as within
Putrajaya’s boundary

 Need to enhance enforcement and

monitoring within this part of the
catchment

 A study was started in 2008 to identify

new institutional and legislative
arrangements with neighbouring State
Government of Selangor
 CONCLUDING REMARKS

1. Putrajaya was planned right from the

beginning to be a sustainable urban
centre based on the `city in the garden’
concept

2. An environment-friendly public transport

infrastructure ( with rail transit system
as the backbone) is central to this
objective

3. The deferring of urban rail transport

development has delayed the
achievement of this objective.
Fortunately, the role of the city bus
system has brought a positive
contribution
 CONCLUDING REMARKS

4. The innovative use of wetlands as a

means for keeping the Putrajaya lake
water clean and up to the standard has
proven to be a great success

5. Further improvements are necessary

(and is underway) to strengthen the
institutional arrangement and legislative
framework for a more effective
management of the lake catchments

6. Through these two efforts and other

similar sustainable infrastructures
initiatives, it is hoped that Putrajaya will
successfully develop into a sustainable
city, offering quality urban living
environment for its citizens
Kamsa hamnida
Thank you

www.ppj.gov.my
Additional Slides
 Proposed Legislative Arrangement
• Re-delineation of a contiguous Putrajaya Lake Catchment
boundary, encompassing the areas in Putrajaya and state of
Selangor.
• Gazettement of a comprehensive Special Area Plan (SAP).
The SAP will focus on improvement and conservation of the
identified Putrajaya Lake Catchment area in state of
Selangor.
• The monitoring requirement and regulatory control of the
water bodies and the catchment area, including mitigation
measures shall be included in the SAP.
• Selangor Water Management Board (LUAS) shall continue
to pursue consultations with relevant stakeholder on the
possibility of gazetting a protected area SAP.
 Proposed Institutional Arrangement
1. Interim Working Committee (IWC)
 IWC will allow the Corporation to be involved in
preparing the framework for the drafting of the SAP to
ensure that all important factors and areas of concern
were taken into account.

2. Joint Management Committee (JMC)

 JMC is an administrative solution - flexible to implement
based on an agreed TOR between both Parties
 JMC’s focus is on co-ordination of efforts by both Parties
to monitor & manage lake activities in the Putrajaya
Lake Catchment to achieve their mutual agreed
objectives and targets.
 Proposed Institutional Arrangement
3. Joint Management Authority (JMA)
 JMA is a legal solution - requires a fixed legislation, and
a complex arrangement & most likely difficult to
implement. It will take a long time to take effect, from
drafting to gazettement
 JMA’s focus is on regulating the implementation of the
legislative provisions of each Party