Django

Web Development for

Perfectionists with Deadlines

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Framework
» Models

» Define how a piece of data looks and works.

» Forget SQL, Django handles the database.

» Views

» A URL is mapped to a view.

» View pulls some objects based on a query.

» Creates a rendering context.

» Templates

» HTML code with some extra tags that insert some

content from the context.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 A Django Project
» Separated into ‘apps’.
» Examples: /news/, /photos/, /events/
» Each app has its own models, views,
templates.
» A global URL mapper turns a URL into
a view located inside an app.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Speed Through It

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Model
class Photo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
file = models.ImageField()
owner = models.ForeignKey(User)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField()
description = models.TextField()

Thursday 24 February 2011

 URL Map
url variable, will be passed as keyword argument to view function

(r‘photos/(?P<id>\d+)/$’, ‘photos.show_photo’),

regex describing url path

python package path to view function

Thursday 24 February 2011

 View

def show_photo(request, id):

photo = Photo.objects.get(id=id)
context = { ‘photo’: photo }
return render_to_response(‘photo.html’, context)

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Template
{% extends ‘base.html’ %}
{% block content %}
<h2>{{ photo.title }}</h2>
<em>Uploaded by: {{ photo.owner.username }}<em></br>
<img src=”{{ photo.url }}” />
<p>
{{ photo.description }}
</p>
{% endblock %}

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Installing Django

» Install Python! (duh)

» Install setuptools
» $ easy_install django
» > C:\Python2x\scripts\easy_install.exe django

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Start a Project

» django-admin.py startproject mysite

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Start an App

» cd mysite
» ./manage.py startapp photos

Thursday 24 February 2011

 File Layout
__init__.py
manage.py
photos
photos/__init__.py
photos/models.py
photos/tests.py
photos/views.py
settings.py
urls.py
templates/base.html
templates/photo.html
Thursday 24 February 2011
 manage.py

» ./manage.py startapp [appname]

» ./manage.py runserver
» ./manage.py syncdb

Thursday 24 February 2011

 settings.py

» Edit database config.

» Set up locale, timezones, translation.
» Set template directories.
» Load middleware.
» Load apps.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Built-in Apps
» Django comes with loads of built in
apps for various purposes.
» User authentication.
» Sessions.
» Admin site.
» Etc etc.
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Designing URLs
page.php

script.cgi?pageid=144

StoryPage.aspx

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Designing URLs

0,2097,1-1-30-72-407-4752,00.html

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Designing URLs

photos/

photos/14/

photos/hamilton-at-night/

Thursday 24 February 2011

 urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

from django.contrib import admin

admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
(r ^photos/(?P<id>\d+)/$ , photos.show_photo ),
(r ^$ , photos.index ),
)

Thursday 24 February 2011

 About Models
» No SQL needed, Django handles it for whatever kind
of database you choose in settings.py.

» SQLite for dev, deploy on MySQL, move to

Postgres later - no problem.

» Never risk SQL Injection. i.e. concatenating an SQL

query with some content a user submitted in a
form in order to construct a full query.

» Django lazily evaluates queries, won’t run a query

until you need to enumerate and print the result.

» Uses QuerySet objects for sorting, filtering,

querying.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 About QuerySets
>>> Photo.objects.all()
>>> Photo.objects.filter(uploaded = today())
>>> Photo.objects.filter(name__startswith = ”Pants”)
>>> Photo.objects.filter(owner =
User.objects.get(username=”theorie”))

Can also union and intersect querysets, drop into

SQL whenever you want.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Updating objects

>>> p = Photos.objects.get(id=some_id)
>>> p.name = “A new name”
>>> p.save() # photo has been saved to the db

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Admin Site
» Rapid development of new features.
» Knock out a model in 5 minutes.
» Get a writer on the admin site pushing
content.
» Finish view logic and templates.
» Feature deployed within the hour.
Thursday 24 February 2011
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Thursday 24 February 2011
 Batteries Included
» Generic Views
» Syndication
» Auth/Auth
» Comments
» i18n/l10n
» Caching framework
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Generic Views
from mysite.models import Photo

patterns = urlpatterns( ,
(r ^photos/$ ,
django.views.generic.list_detail.object_list ,
{
queryset : Photo.objects.all(),
paginate_by : 30
}
),

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Syndication
from django.contrib.syndication.feeds import Feed
from mysite.models import Photo

class PhotoFeed(Feed):
title = My Photo Feed
link = /photos/
description = Photos from my site

def items(self):
return Photo.objects.all()[:20]

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Syndication

» (r’^feeds/photos/$’, PhotoFeed()),

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Auth/Auth
» Abstracted, use any method you want.

» Built-in Users, Groups, Permissions in

django.contrib.auth

» Authenticate using the local database.

» user = authenticate(username, password)

» user.login() if user != None

» Attach any other auth system you can think of.

» Many available on the internet: LDAP, ActiveDirectory,

etc.

» Write your own, make a class that implements

authenticate(user, pass) and get_user(id), add it to
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS in settings.py
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Auth/Auth
» Netsoc uses our own auth backend, based
on the LDAP method.

» Though unless you want to query LDAP

every time you need some user’s info, it’s
best to cache the user data in Django’s User
database locally as well.

» We also run through the LDAP groups that

the user belongs to and tag the local django
copy with things like is_staff and
is_superuser if the account is an admin or
member of webteam.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Comments
{% load comments %}
{% get_free_comment_list
for photos.photos photo.id
as comments %}

{% for comment in comments %}

<h3>{{ comment.person_name }} said:</h3>
<p>{{ comment.comment }}</p>
{% endfor %}

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Comments

{% free_comment_form for photos.photos photo.id %}

Thursday 24 February 2011

 i18n/l10n
» Django’s core is translated into 63 languages.
» Easy to add localization to your projects.
» from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _

» _(“This text will be translated”)

» {% trans “This text will be translated” %}

» django-admin.py makemessages -l fr

» django-admin.py compilemessages

» request.session[‘django_language’] = ‘fr’

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Caching
» Various caching middleware is included.
» Filesystem
» Local memory
» Memcached
» Write your own caching backend.
» Add it to CACHES in settings.py
» Cache a whole view.
» Just cache part of a template, save caches based
on tags like username, language code, to keep
them relevant.
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Learn More

» djangoproject.com

» Thanks for coming.

» Slides are on netsoc.tcd.ie

Thursday 24 February 2011