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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Design

In conducting a research, it is very important to determine the


research design. Research design consists of plans and procedures to detailed
the research methods of data collection and analysis. The research approach
and type of research including ethnography, content analysis, naturalistic, and
phenomenology will be explained for the researcher to decide and explain
about how to carry the research.

Research design is a process or steps used by researcher systematically to


conduct the data in order to solve the research problem or answer the research
question appropriately.

B. Research Method

In this research, researcher chooses qualitative method. Qualitative


method is appropriate for this research because it is useful to gather and
analyse explanatory data such as exploring the context where the Language
Choice takes place in the YouTube content. This method also provides
factual data needed to support the theories of code-switching from the
obtained data for Instagram content analysis.

Walliman stated that ``Research methods are the practical techniques


used to carry out research. They are the ‘tools of the trade’ that make it
possible to collect information and to analyse it. What information you
collect and how you analyse it depends on the nature of the research problem,
the central generating point of a research project``(2011, p.9)

Through qualitative method, researcher also uses descriptive method.


Descriptive study is suitable for this research because it studies phenomenon
and situation observed by the researcher.

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An in-depth analysis of a language in context use in a community can be
only detained by directly participating the life of the community where the
language is used (Zentella, 1990). In studying the language choice, it is
necessary to take a look of all community aspects of community by using
ethnography as explained by Hymes (1974). However, in ethnography
method the frequency and variability of a particular language choice
characteristic cannot be described, therefore, it in this research researcher also
use quantitative method in order to understand the pattern of the frequency
and variability of language choice used in YouTube content by Boy William.

1. Location

Location in research, generally described as judgement and


boundaries related to a place or the location of the research. Any
kind of physical setting can become the basis of a social situational
as long as there is participant present and engaged in activities. The
researcher begins with a single, identifiable setting for participant
observation, therefore, social situation is also classified as a location
of a research. (in Spradely, 1980)

According to Spradely (1980) a research location has to


qualified three main elements: settings, participant, and event in
order to obtain enough data in the determined location itself. In
determining location has to be done carefully. In this research there
are three judgements in choosing research location. The first is the
popularity of the YouTube account. By choosing the relevant
YouTube channel which uploads quality YouTube contents,
researcher is able to see whether the language choice used by the
user is attracting more people to subscribe and to watch the videos of
its channel.

The YouTube channel used in this research must have minimum


of 100.000 followers and minimum of 100.000 viewers per YouTube

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videos. The number of followers will determine of how much the
account is popular in Indonesia and the post will determine of how
active and interested is the followers towards the YouTube channel.

The second judgement is the activity of the YouTube Channel.


The researcher choses YouTube channel which is still active in
updating their contents. The activity of the business account will
make the data of this research more relevant and updated to the study
and theory used in this research.

2. Data and Source of Data

This research uses qualitative method in analyzing the data,


therefore this research focuses on the quality and the meaning for the
data. The meaning of the data is where the data is taken from, the
way of choosing the source of data and determines the quality of the
research. Moreover, the meaning of the data is also an important
aspect in order to understand the problem statement and to answer
the research question.

The source of the data of this research are YouTube videos from
Boy William’s content “Nebeng Boy”. There are total of 7 videos
from different guests of Nebeng Boy.

The forms of data are in the forms of conversation between Boy


William (the host of Nebeng Boy) and the guests. Meanwhile, the
primary data of the research is collected by downloading the videos
from YouTube.

3. Data Collection

Data is an important aspect of a research to understand the


phenomenon and to answer the research question. The techniques
done by the researcher to collect the data are:

1. Taking notes from observing the conversation.

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2. Transcribing the dialogues between participants.

4. Sampling and Technique of Sampling

A major part of qualitative research is in the process of


determining and choosing the appropriate population which
relevant to the study (Lopez & Whitehead, 2013). The group of
elements or a single element of data obtained is called sample.
[ CITATION Jam96 \l 1033 ] The main purpose of the sampling
process in the selection of suitable sample or population so that the
focus of the research can be studied appropriately. In obtaining a
group of a subjects as the representative of the larger population
and it provides the more specific information of the data.

In this research, the researcher uses total population


sampling technique in order to get the data. Total population
sampling is one of the types of purposive sampling where the
researcher studies the whole population of interest. This type of
sampling may be conducted when the target or the population is
small with characteristics are well-defined.

5. Data Validity

In conducting a qualitative research, researcher has to


use a data with a credibility and quality in order to make a good
analysis and to determine the results of the analysis itself. The
researcher does not need to validity the data because the researcher
downloads the original video from its original source (YouTube).

6. Techniques of Collecting Data

The researcher uses some ways to collect the data:

a. Using a laptop with internet connection, the researcher looks up


and choose the YouTube videos which are going to be used as

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the data of the research, then the researcher downloads
YouTube videos chosen.
b. After the chosen videos are successfully downloaded, thus the
researcher transcribes the downloaded YouTube videos.
c. The researcher selects the part of the dialogues spoken by the
participants which contains the forms of language varieties.
d. Classifying the data based on the type of language varieties
e. Giving a code on each classified data
7. Data Analysis

In analysing the data of this research, there are following steps the
researcher uses in this study:

1. Describing the data to find out the type of the code choice used
by the participants
2. Determining the objectives of the participants in choosing each
code by using Hymes’s theory of speaking
3. Drawing conclusion

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