Name Date Class

CHAPTER 25 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY

Section 25.5 Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions

In your textbook, read about the methods used to detect and measure radiation.

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Worn by workers to monitor radiation exposure a. PET

2. Contains phosphors that detect radiation b. Geiger counter

3. Radiation energetic enough to break apart atoms c. 100–300 mrem

4. Uses a gas-filled metal tube to detect and measure d. ionizing radiation

radiation
e. rad
5. A material that gives off light when struck by
radiation f. iodine-131

6. A method used to detect very small amounts of an g. rem

element in a sample h. genetic damage
7. A radioisotope used to indicate the presence of an i. neutron activation analysis
element in a sample
j. scintillation counter
8. Used to detect disorders of the thyroid gland
k. radiotracer
9. A procedure that uses positrons to detect many
different medical disorders l. gamma ray

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

10. This type of radiation easily penetrates human tissue. m. somatic damage

11. Damage caused by radiation that affects a person, but n. phosphor

not their offspring
o. film badge
12. Radiation damage that can affect chromosomes and
offspring

13. A unit used to measure the amount of radiation

absorbed by a body

14. A unit used to measure the amount of damage done

to a body

15. The annual amount of radiation to which a person is

normally exposed

150 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 25 Study Guide for Content Mastery
T232
Name Date Class Name Date Class

CHAPTER 25 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY CHAPTER 25 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Chemistry: Matter and Change

Section 25.4 continued

Heat produced by nuclear fission is carried away by (7) a coolant , which Section 25.5 Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions
enters the core at point (8) D in the diagram. It then leaves the core at In your textbook, read about the methods used to detect and measure radiation.

point (9) F . For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A Column B
Heat from the reactor core is used to boil water in the (10) steam generator ,
o 1. Worn by workers to monitor radiation exposure a. PET
shown at (11) E in the diagram. Steam produced here is used to
j 2. Contains phosphors that detect radiation b. Geiger counter
generate electricity at point (12) G in the diagram. The steam is then
d 3. Radiation energetic enough to break apart atoms c. 100–300 mrem
cooled at location (13) H by water from an outside source.
b 4. Uses a gas-filled metal tube to detect and measure d. ionizing radiation
radiation
For each statement, write true or false. e. rad
n 5. A material that gives off light when struck by
false 14. A nuclear reactor produces energy from fuel rods containing uranium-238. radiation f. iodine-131
false 15. The amount of energy produced for each kilogram of uranium is about the i 6. A method used to detect very small amounts of an g. rem
same as the amount of energy from a kilogram of coal. element in a sample h. genetic damage
true 16. The only elements that can be used as fuel in a nuclear power plant are k 7. A radioisotope used to indicate the presence of an i. neutron activation analysis
those in which a chain reaction can occur. element in a sample
true f j. scintillation counter
17. If more than a critical mass is present in a sample, that sample is said to 8. Used to detect disorders of the thyroid gland
have supercritical mass. k. radiotracer
a 9. A procedure that uses positrons to detect many
true 18. Water is the most common coolant used in a nuclear reactor. different medical disorders l. gamma ray
true 19. Nuclear power plants usually produce electricity. l 10. This type of radiation easily penetrates human tissue. m. somatic damage
false 20. The purpose of the control rods in a nuclear reactor is to reflect neutrons m 11. Damage caused by radiation that affects a person, but n. phosphor
Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key

back into the core. not their offspring

o. film badge
false 21. The production of energy in a nuclear reactor can be stopped by pulling h 12. Radiation damage that can affect chromosomes and
out all control rods. offspring
true 22. A breeder reactor produces more fuel than it uses. e 13. A unit used to measure the amount of radiation
false absorbed by a body
23. The fission products produced in nuclear power plants are not radioactive.
g 14. A unit used to measure the amount of damage done
true 24. An uncontrolled chain reaction led to the nuclear accident in Chernobyl,
to a body
Ukraine.
c 15. The annual amount of radiation to which a person is
normally exposed

Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 25 149 150 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 25 Study Guide for Content Mastery

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.