Code No: RR211401 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What is thermodynamic equilibrium? Explain the significance of it in quasi-

static process? [2+2]
(b) Identify the proper type of system in each case and explain the reason for your
choice.
i. Electric generator
ii. Domestic tea kettle
iii. Electric fan
iv. A living human being. [4x3=12]

2. In the gas turbine 17 kg/s flow through and developed 14000 kw of power. The
enthalpies of gases at inlet and outlet are 1200 kJ/kg and 360kJ/kg respectively and
velocity of gases at inlet and outlet are 60 m/s and 150 m/s respectively calculate
the rate at which the heat is rejected from the turbine. Find also the area of the
inlet pipe gives that the specific volume of the gases at inlet is 0.5 m3 /kg. [16]

3. A heat pump working on the reversed Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir
at 50 C and delivers heat to a reservoir at 600 C. The heat pump is driven by a
reversible heat engine which, receives heat from a reservoir at 8400 C and rejects
heat to a reservoir at 600 C. the reversible heat engine also drives a machine that
absorbs 30 kW. If the heat pump extracts 17kJ/s from the 50 C reservoir, determine
[16]

(a) the rate of heat supply from 8400 C source, and

(b) the rate of heat rejection to the 600 C sink.

4. Starting from first law and using second law derive the Gibb’s equations and hence
deduce the Maxwell’s relations [16]

5. (a) Show the ideal Rankine cycle with three stages of reheating on a T-s diagram.
Assume the turbine inlet temperature is the same for all stages. How does the
cycle efficiency vary with the number of reheat stages? [8]
(b) Steam is produced at 19.5MPa, 5600 C. The condenser pressure is 2.5kPa.
Assume ideal conditions in the turbine and neglect the pump work. Determine
the thermal efficiency. [8]

6. (a) How do you find the force acting on a plane surface immersed in a static fluid
medium? [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 1
(b) A 90 mm diameter shaft rotates at 1200 rpm in a 100mm long journal bearing
of 90.5 mm internal diameter. The annular space in the bearing is filled with
oil having a dynamic viscosity of 0.12 Pa.sec. Estimate the power required to
keep the shaft in rotation. [8]

7. (a) Define stream function. What is its significance in the analysis of fluid flow?
[8]
(b) A certain flow pattern has a velocity potential φ = 12x2 ( 3y-4). Determine
the stream function and the velocity at (4,5). [8]

8. (a) Define the terms drag and lift. How are drag and lift forces caused on a body
immersed in a moving fluid. [8]
(b) A plate 1m × 1m moves through air of specific weight 1.15 kg/m3 at 36 km/hr
Determine the drag force, lift force, the resultant force and the horse power
required to maintain the plate in motion. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Define a new temperature scale, say 0 M. At ice and steam point the temperatures
are 800 M and 3000 M respectively. Correlate this with centigrade scale. The 0 N
reading on this scale is a certain number of degrees on a corresponding absolute
temperature scale. Find this absolute temperature at 0 N. [16]

2. A cylinder fitted with a piston has an initial volume of 0.1m3 and contains nitrogen
at 150kpa, 250 C. The piston is moved to compress the nitrogen until the pressure
is 1 Mpa and the temperature is 1500 C. The work done on the nitrogen is 20kJ.
Determine the amount of heat transfer from the nitrogen. [16]

3. (a) Explain the principle of increase in entropy. [6]

(b) Nitrogen gas at 500 kPa, 400K is contained in a closed piston-cylinder assembly
that has an initial volume of 750 cm3 . The nitrogen is heated isothermally
and expands until the pressure is reduced to 100 kPa. During this process the
work done by the gas amounts to 0.55 kJ. Determine whether the process is
reversible or irreversible and calculate the entropy change. [10]

4. (a) Prove that irreversibility is created (entropy generated) whenever heat transfer
with finite temperature difference occurs. [8]
(b) Explain the significance of entropy. [8]

5. (a) Define the mean effective pressure? What is its importance in reciprocating
engines? [8]
(b) Explain graphically the variation of the efficiency of Diesel cycle with com-
pression ratio and cut off ratio. [8]

6. (a) What are the different types of manometers ? [6]

(b) A piston of 7.90 cm diameter and 30 cm long works in a cylinder of 8 cm
diameter. The annular space of the piston is filled with an oil of viscosity 2
poise. If an axial load of 10 N is applied to the piston, calculate the speed of
movement of the piston. [10]

7. (a) When do you say the flow is rotational or irrotational ? Give suitable exam-
ples? [8]
(b) A stream function is given by ψ= x3 - y3 . Show that the flow can not be a
potential flow. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 2
8. (a) What are the boundary conditions that must be satisfied by a given velocity
profile in laminar boundary layer flows. What do you know about van-Karman
momentum integral equation. [8]
(b) A plate 3m × 1.5m is held in water moving at 1.25 m/sec. parallel to its
length. If the flow in the boundary layer is laminar at the reading edge of the
plate [8]
i. Find the distance from the leading edge. where the boundary layer flow
changes from laminar to turbulent flow.
ii. Find the thickness of the boundary layer at this section.

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the working principle of a constant volume gas
thermometer. [8]
(b) Explain the concept of temperature and equality of temperature. [8]

2. Nitrogen(Cp=1.0kJ/kg0 k γ=1.4) expands through a nozzle at a steady flow rate of

1000 kg/hour from 6 bar to 3.5 bar velocity and temperature at inlet to the nozzle
are 100m/s and 900 C respectively. Find the exit area of the nozzle. [16]

3. (a) Prove the Clausius inequality and hence prove that property entropy exist. [8]
(b) The volume of one kg air increases from 0.5 m3 to 1.3 m3 while its pressure
decreases from 1MPa to 0.25 MPa during a process. Then 100 kJ of heat is
added to it in a constant pressure process. Calculate the entropy change for
the whole events. Assume for air Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K
[8]

4. (a) Distinguish between available energy and availability. [8]

(b) Air at 1 bar and 300 C is heated in a reversible manner at constant pressure
until its temperature reaches 205 0 C. How much of the heat added is available
energy (per kg of air heated ) if the lowest sink temperature is 40 C. Also prove
the formula used in this calculation. [8]

5. Consider a steam power plant which operates on a Rankine cycle and has a net
power output of 150MW. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 10MPa and
5000 C and the low pressure turbine at 1MPa and 5000 C. Steam leaves the consider
as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 10kPa. The adiabatic efficiency of the turbine
is 80%,and that of the pump is 95%, Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect
to saturation lines, and determine the quality (or temperature, if superheated) of
the steam at the turbine exit, the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the mass flow
rate of steam. [16]

6. (a) What is capillarity ? What are the reasons for its presence? [6]
(b) The relative density of a fluid is 1.26 and its dynamic viscosity is 1.5 Pascal
second. Calculate its specific weight and kinematic viscosity. [10]

7. (a) Define stream function. What is its significance in the analysis of fluid flow?
[8]
(b) A certain flow pattern has a velocity potential φ = 12x2 ( 3y-4). Determine
the stream function and the velocity at (4,5). [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 3
8. (a) What do you understand by the term boundary layer. Explain the concept of
boundary layer. [8]
(b) In a stream of oil of specific gravity 0.95 and kinematic viscosity 0.92 stoke
moving at 5.75 m/sec, a plate of 50 cm length and 25cm width is placed
parallel to the direction of motion. Calculate the friction drag on one side of
the plate. Find also the thickness of the boundary layer and the shear stress
at the trailing edge of the plate. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Discuss the concept of continuum in thermodynamics. [6]

(b) What do you mean by property? Distinguish between intensive and extensive
Properties. [4+6]

2. Write down SFEE and assumptions you make for the following cases.

(a) Boiler
(b) Compressor
(c) Nozzle
(d) Turbine. [16]

3. (a) Explain the need for heat engines and refrigerators considering the limitations
of the first law of thermodynamics. [8]
(b) Two kg of air at 500kPa, 800 C expands adiabatically in a closed system
until its volume is doubled and its temperature becomes equal to that of the
surroundings which is at 100kPa, 50 C. For this process, determine [8]
i. the maximum work, and
ii. the change in availability.

4. (a) Deduce an expression for the non-flow availability for a system. [8]
(b) A 2-kg piece of iron is heated from room temperature of 250 C to 4000 C by a
heat source at 6000 C. What is the irreversibility in the process? Assume for
iron Cp =0.450kJ/kgK. [8]

5. (a) Explain the four processes make up he simple ideal Rankine cycle. How do
actual vapor cycles differ from the idealized ones? [8]
(b) Consider a simple Rankine cycle and an ideal Rankine cycle with three reheat
stages. Both cycles operate between the same pressure limits. The maximum
temperature is 7000 C in the simple cycle and 5000 C in the reheat cycle. Which
of these cycles will have a higher thermal efficiency? [8]

6. (a) How do you find the force acting on a plane surface immersed in a static fluid
medium? [8]
(b) A 90 mm diameter shaft rotates at 1200 rpm in a 100mm long journal bearing
of 90.5 mm internal diameter. The annular space in the bearing is filled with
oil having a dynamic viscosity of 0.12 Pa.sec. Estimate the power required to
keep the shaft in rotation. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 4
7. (a) Define stream function. What is its significance in the analysis of fluid flow?
[8]
(b) A certain flow pattern has a velocity potential φ = 12x2 ( 3y-4). Determine
the stream function and the velocity at (4,5). [8]

8. (a) State the momentum equation. How will you apply momentum equation for
determining the force exerted by a flowing liquid on a pipe bend? [8]
(b) A 30 cm diameter pipe carries water under a head of 20 m with a velocity of
3.5m/sec. If the axis of the pipe turns through 45 , find the magnitude and
the direction of the resistant force at the bend. [8]

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