Horizontal Curves Horizontal Curves

Curve Types

Curve Types
Geometric Definition
Horizontal Curve Terms & Formulas
Route Stationing
Curve Layout Methods

Horizontal Curves
Horizontal Curves Degree of Curve
Curve Types
 Horizontal Curves
Horizontal Curves Horizontal Curve Terms
Horizontal Curve Formulas

Horizontal Curves Horizontal Curves

Horizontal Curve Formulas Horizontal Curve Formulas
5729.58' 1746.379m 5. E = T tan( I / 4)
1. R = =
Da Da
I I 6. M = E cos( I / 2)
2. L = 100' = 30.480m
Da Da
3. T = R tan( I / 2)
7. PC STATION = PI − T

4. LC = 2 R sin( I / 2)
8. PT STATION = PC + L
Horizontal Curves
Horizontal Curves
Example: Horizontal Circular Curve Route Stationing
Given: PI = 64+32.20
Preliminary - series of tangents ϖ deflections
I = 24°20’ (Defl ∠) = 24.3333° @PI’s
Da = 4°00’ (Selected) Final - series of tangents and curves - total
(100’ arc for 4° ∠ Change) traverse length shortened due to insertion
of curves
Find: R, L, T, LC, E, M, PC, PT

Route Stationing Horizontal Curves

From example: Curve Layout Methods
Radial - set up at center of curve (arc) &
swing radius through deflection angle
*not possible / practical on large radius
curves
Chord - deflection
Incremental chord (Transit, theodolite,
PTOLD = PI + T = 6432.20 + 308.82 = 67+41.02 tape) Sec24-7; Fig 24-5
PTNEW = 67+31.71 Total chord (Total Station) Sec 24-10
DIFF = 9.31’ (shortening of traverse-subtract from
station of next tangent point)
 Curve Layout Methods Horizontal Curves
Deflection ∠ to any point on curve Curve Layout Methods
dp Da I From geometry δp = dp /2 (*angle formed by
= =
sp 100' L tangent &chord = ½ angle included by
s p Da s p Da chord)
⇒ dp = = s p Da s p Da 90−δp δp
100' 30.480m ∴δ p = =
200' 60.960 m
dp = angle subtended by arc from PC to point P δp
(c / 2) c p
δp = deflection angle from PI to P, instr @ PC sin δ p = p =
R 2R
sp = distance along curve in ft
c p = 2 R sin δ p
Da = degree of curve

Horizontal Curves Curve Layout Mehods

Curve Layout Methods From example:
δ62 δ63
General relation for chords
s p Da s p Da
δp = = c p = 2 R sin δ p
200 ' 60 .960 m

For full station where S = 100’

D D
δ 100 ' = c100 ' = 2 R sin( )
2 2 s62 Da 76.62(4)
δ 62 = = = 1 °31'57"
200 200
c62 = 2 R sin δ 62 = 2(1432 .39 ) sin(1°31'57" ) = 76 .61'