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Consistent with the provisions of section 2105(a)(1)(A) and (B) of the Trade Act of 2002 (19
U.S.C. § 3805(a)(1)(A) and (B)) (“the Act”):
On March 30, 2007, the President notified the House of Representatives and the Senate of
the President’s intention to enter into a free trade agreement with Panama (43 Wkly.
Comp. of Pres. Docs. 391 (2007)).
On April 2, 2007, the President published in the Federal Register a notice of the
President’s intention to enter into a free trade agreement with Panama (72 Fed. Reg.
15803 (2007)).
On June 28, 2007, the United States Trade Representative entered into a free trade
agreement with Panama (“Agreement”).
On August 24, 2007, the United States Trade Representative transmitted to the Congress
a description of changes to existing U.S. laws required to comply with the Agreement.
The following documents are submitted to the Congress under section 2105 of the Act.
Submitted herewith or within these documents are:
a draft of an implementing bill described in section 2103(b)(3) of the Act (Tab 2);
a statement setting forth the reasons of the President regarding how and to what extent
the Agreement makes progress in achieving the applicable purposes, policies, objectives,
and priorities of the Act (Tab 4); and
a statement setting forth the reasons of the President regarding how the Agreement serves
the interest of U.S. commerce (Tab 5).
Additionally, a summary of the Agreement (Tab 6), as required by section 162 of the Trade Act
of 1974 (19 U.S.C. § 2212), and 12 letters related to the Agreement (Tab 7) are submitted
herewith to the Congress.
UNITED STATES – PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT
Table of Contents
Preamble
Chapter One Initial Provisions
Chapter Two General Definitions
Chapter Three National Treatment and Market Access for Goods
Chapter Four Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures
Chapter Five Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation
Chapter Six Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Chapter Seven Technical Barriers to Trade
Chapter Eight Trade Remedies
Chapter Nine Government Procurement
Chapter Ten Investment
Chapter Eleven Cross-Border Trade In Services
Chapter Twelve Financial Services
Chapter Thirteen Telecommunications
Chapter Fourteen Electronic Commerce
Chapter Fifteen Intellectual Property Rights
Chapter Sixteen Labor
Chapter Seventeen Environment
Chapter Eighteen Transparency
Chapter Nineteen Administration of the Agreement and Trade Capacity Building
Chapter Twenty Dispute Settlement
Chapter Twenty-One Exceptions
Chapter Twenty-Two Final Provisions
Annex 4.1 Specific Rules of Origin
Annex I
Annex II
Annex III
General Notes and Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3
General Notes and Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3
PREAMBLE
The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic
of Panama, resolved to:
STRENGTHEN the special bonds of friendship and cooperation between them and
promote regional economic integration;
CREATE an expanded and secure market for the goods and services produced in their
territories while recognizing the differences in their levels of development and the size
of their economies;
AGREE that foreign investors are not hereby accorded greater substantive rights with
respect to investment protections than domestic investors under domestic law where,
as in the United States, protections of investor rights under domestic law equal or
exceed those set forth in this Agreement;
BUILD on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement
Establishing the World Trade Organization and other multilateral and bilateral
instruments of cooperation;
FOSTER creativity and innovation, and promote trade in goods and services that are
the subject of intellectual property rights;
CREATE new opportunities for economic and social development in their respective
territories;
PROTECT, enhance, and enforce basic workers’ rights and strengthen their
cooperation on labor matters;
CREATE new employment opportunities and improve working conditions and living
standards in their respective territories;
PROTECT and preserve the environment and enhance the means for doing so,
including through the conservation of natural resources in their respective territories;
Initial Provisions
The Parties to this Agreement, consistent with Article XXIV of the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and Article V of the General Agreement on Trade in
Services, hereby establish a free trade area.
(b) eliminate barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross-border movement of,
goods and services between the territories of the Parties;
(f) create effective procedures for the implementation and application of this
Agreement, for its joint administration, and for the resolution of disputes; and
2. The Parties shall interpret and apply the provisions of this Agreement in the light of its
objectives set out in paragraph 1 and in accordance with applicable rules of international law.
1. The Parties affirm their existing rights and obligations with respect to each other under
the WTO Agreement and other agreements to which the Parties are party.
2. Articles VII and VIII of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the
Republic of Panama Concerning the Treatment and Protection of Investments, with Annex
and Agreed Minutes, signed at Washington on October 27, 1982 (the “Treaty”) shall be
suspended on the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2,
(a) for a period of ten years beginning on the date of entry into force of this
Agreement, Articles VII and VIII of the Treaty shall not be suspended:
(i) in the case of investments covered by the Treaty as of the date of entry
into force of this Agreement; or
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(ii) in the case of a dispute that arose prior to the date of entry into force of
this Agreement and that is otherwise eligible to be submitted for
settlement under Article VII or VIII of the Treaty; and
(b) Article VII of the Treaty shall not be suspended in the case of a dispute that
arises on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement out of an
investment agreement that was in effect before the date of entry into force of
this Agreement, that is otherwise eligible to be submitted for settlement under
Article VII of the Treaty.
4. In the event either Party terminates this Agreement in accordance with Article 22.5
(Entry into Force and Termination), Articles VII and VIII of the Treaty, to the extent
suspended, shall automatically resume operation and shall continue in full force and effect as
provided therein.
The Parties shall ensure that all necessary measures are taken in order to give effect to
the provisions of this Agreement, including their observance, except as otherwise provided in
this Agreement, by state governments.
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Chapter Two
General Definitions
Commission means the Free Trade Commission established under Article 19.1 (The Free
Trade Commission);
covered investment means, with respect to a Party, an investment, as defined in Article 10.29
(Definitions), in its territory of an investor of the other Party in existence as of the date of
entry into force of this Agreement or established, acquired, or expanded thereafter;
customs authority means the competent authority that is responsible under the law of a Party
for the administration of customs laws and regulations;
customs duty includes any customs or import duty and a charge of any kind imposed in
connection with the importation of a good, including any form of surtax or surcharge in
connection with such importation, but does not include any:
(a) charge equivalent to an internal tax imposed consistently with Article III:2 of
the GATT 1994, in respect of like, directly competitive, or substitutable goods
of the Party, or in respect of goods from which the imported good has been
manufactured or produced in whole or in part;
(c) fee or other charge in connection with importation commensurate with the cost
of services rendered;
enterprise means any entity constituted or organized under applicable law, whether or not for
profit, and whether privately-owned or governmentally-owned, including any corporation,
trust, partnership, sole proprietorship, joint venture, or other association;
enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organized under the law of a Party;
existing means in effect on the date of entry into force of this Agreement;
GATT 1994 means the WTO General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;
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goods of a Party means domestic products as these are understood in the GATT 1994 or such
goods as the Parties may agree, and includes originating goods of that Party;
Harmonized System (HS) means the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding
System, including its General Rules of Interpretation, Section Notes, and Chapter Notes, as
adopted and implemented by the Parties in their respective tariff laws;
heading means the first four digits in the tariff classification number under the Harmonized
System;
national means a natural person who has the nationality of a Party according to Annex 2.1 or
a permanent resident of a Party;
originating means qualifying under the rules of origin set out in Chapter Four (Rules of
Origin and Origin Procedures);
preferential tariff treatment means the duty rate applicable under this Agreement to an
originating good;
procurement means the process by which a government obtains the use of or acquires goods
or services, or any combination thereof, for governmental purposes and not with a view to
commercial sale or resale or with a view to use in the production or supply of goods or
services for commercial sale or resale;
regional level of government means, for the United States, a state of the United States, the
District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico. For Panama, “regional level of government” is not
applicable;
SPS Agreement means the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures;
state enterprise means an enterprise that is owned, or controlled through ownership interests,
by a Party;
subheading means the first six digits in the tariff classification number under the Harmonized
System;
territory means for a Party the territory of that Party as set out in Annex 2.1;
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WTO Agreement means the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade
Organization, done on April 15, 1994.
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Annex 2.1
Country-Specific Definitions
(b) with respect to the United States, “national of the United States” as defined in
the existing provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act; and
territory means:
(a) with respect to Panama, the land, maritime, and air space under its sovereignty
and the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf within which it
exercises sovereign rights and jurisdiction in accordance with international law
and its domestic law; and
(i) the customs territory of the United States, which includes the 50 states,
the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico,
(ii) the foreign trade zones located in the United States and Puerto Rico,
and
(iii) any areas beyond the territorial seas of the United States within which,
in accordance with international law and its domestic law, the United
States may exercise rights with respect to the seabed and subsoil and
their natural resources.
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Chapter Three
1. Each Party shall accord national treatment to the goods of the other Party in
accordance with Article III of the GATT 1994, including its interpretive notes, and to this end
Article III of the GATT 1994 and its interpretative notes are incorporated into and made part
of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis.
3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the measures set out in Annex 3.2.
1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Party may increase any existing
customs duty, or adopt any new customs duty, on an originating good.
3. On the request of either Party, the Parties shall consult to consider accelerating the
elimination of customs duties set out in their Schedules to Annex 3.3. An agreement between
the Parties to accelerate the elimination of a customs duty on a good shall supersede any duty
rate or staging category determined pursuant to their Schedules to Annex 3.3 for the good
when approved by each Party in accordance with its applicable legal procedures.
(a) raise a customs duty back to the level established in its Schedule to Annex 3.3
following a unilateral reduction; or
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Section C: Special Regimes
1. Neither Party may adopt any new waiver of customs duties, or expand with respect to
existing recipients or extend to any new recipient, the application of an existing waiver of
customs duties, where the waiver is conditioned, explicitly or implicitly, on the fulfillment of
a performance requirement.
1. Each Party shall grant duty-free temporary admission for the following goods,
regardless of their origin:
2. Each Party shall, at the request of the person concerned and for reasons its customs
authority considers valid, extend the time limit for temporary admission beyond the period
initially fixed.
3. Neither Party may condition the duty-free temporary admission of a good referred to
in paragraph 1, other than to require that the good:
(f) be admitted in no greater quantity than is reasonable for its intended use; and
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(g) be otherwise admissible into the Party’s territory under its law.
4. If any condition that a Party imposes under paragraph 3 has not been fulfilled, the
Party may apply the customs duty and any other charge that would normally be owed on the
good plus any other charges or penalties provided for under its law.
5. Each Party, through its customs authority, shall adopt procedures providing for the
expeditious release of goods admitted under this Article. To the extent possible, these
procedures shall provide that when such a good accompanies a national or resident of the
other Party who is seeking temporary entry, the good shall be released simultaneously with
the entry of that national or resident.
6. Each Party shall permit a good temporarily admitted under this Article to be exported
through a customs port other than that through which it was admitted.
7. Each Party shall provide that its customs authority or other competent authority shall
relieve the importer or other person responsible for a good admitted under this Article from
any liability for failure to export the good on presentation of satisfactory proof to the
importing Party’s customs authority that the good has been destroyed within the original
period fixed for temporary admission or any lawful extension.
(a) each Party shall allow a vehicle or container used in international traffic that
enters its territory from the territory of the other Party to exit its territory on
any route that is reasonably related to the economic and prompt departure of
such vehicle or container;
(b) neither Party may require any bond or impose any penalty or charge solely by
reason of any difference between the port of entry and the port of departure of
a vehicle or container;
(c) neither Party may condition the release of any obligation, including any bond,
that it imposes in respect of the entry of a vehicle or container into its territory
on its exit through any particular port of departure; and
(d) neither Party may require that the vehicle or carrier bringing a container from
the territory of the other Party into its territory be the same vehicle or carrier
that takes such container to the territory of the other Party.
9. For purposes of paragraph 8, vehicle means a truck, a truck tractor, a tractor, a trailer
unit or trailer, a locomotive, or a railway car or other railroad equipment.
1. Neither Party may apply a customs duty to a good, regardless of its origin, that re-
enters its territory after that good has been temporarily exported from its territory to the
territory of the other Party for repair or alteration, regardless of whether such repair or
alteration could be performed in the territory of the Party from which the good was exported
for repair or alteration.
2. Neither Party may apply a customs duty to a good, regardless of its origin, admitted
temporarily from the territory of the other Party for repair or alteration.
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3. For purposes of this Article, repair or alteration does not include an operation or
process that:
Article 3.7: Duty-Free Entry of Commercial Samples of Negligible Value and Printed
Advertising Materials
Each Party shall grant duty-free entry to commercial samples of negligible value and
to printed advertising materials, imported from the territory of the other Party, regardless of
their origin, but may require that:
(a) such samples be imported solely for the solicitation of orders for goods, or
services provided from the territory, of the other Party or a non-Party; or
(b) such advertising materials be imported in packets that each contain no more
than one copy of each such material and that neither such materials nor packets
form part of a larger consignment.
1. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, neither Party may adopt or maintain
any prohibition or restriction on the importation of any good of the other Party or on the
exportation or sale for export of any good destined for the territory of the other Party, except
in accordance with Article XI of the GATT 1994 and its interpretative notes, and to this end
Article XI of the GATT 1994 and its interpretative notes are incorporated into and made a
part of this Agreement, mutatis mutandis.1
2. The Parties understand that the GATT 1994 rights and obligations incorporated by
paragraph 1 prohibit, in any circumstances in which any other form of restriction is
prohibited, a Party from adopting or maintaining:
(c) voluntary export restraints inconsistent with Article VI of the GATT 1994, as
implemented under Article 18 of the SCM Agreement and Article 8.1 of the
AD Agreement.
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For greater certainty, this paragraph applies, inter alia, to prohibitions or restrictions on the importation of
remanufactured goods.
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(a) limiting or prohibiting the importation from the territory of the other Party of
such good of that non-Party; or
(b) requiring as a condition of export of such good of the Party to the territory of
the other Party, that the good not be re-exported to the non-Party, directly or
indirectly, without being consumed in the territory of the other Party.
5. Paragraphs 1 through 4 shall not apply to the measures set out in Annex 3.2.
6. Panama may not, as a condition for engaging in importation or for the import of a
good, require a person of the United States to establish or maintain a contractual or other
relationship with a dealer in its territory.
7. Panama may not remedy a violation or alleged violation of any law, regulation, or
other measure regulating or otherwise relating to the relationship between any dealer in its
territory and any person of the United States, by prohibiting or restricting the importation of
any good of the United States.
dealer means a person of Panama who is responsible for the distribution, agency, concession,
or representation in the territory of Panama of goods of the United States; and
1. Neither Party may adopt or maintain a measure that is inconsistent with the Import
Licensing Agreement.
2. Promptly after entry into force of this Agreement, each Party shall notify the other
Party of any existing import licensing procedures, and thereafter shall notify the other Party of
any new import licensing procedure and any modification to its existing import licensing
procedures, within 60 days before it takes effect. A notification provided under this Article
shall:
3. Neither Party may apply an import licensing procedure to a good of the other Party
unless it has provided notification in accordance with paragraph 2.
1. Each Party shall ensure, in accordance with Article VIII:1 of the GATT 1994 and its
interpretive notes, that all fees and charges of whatever character (other than customs duties,
charges equivalent to an internal tax or other internal charge applied consistently with Article
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III:2 of the GATT 1994, and antidumping and countervailing duties) imposed on or in
connection with importation or exportation are limited in amount to the approximate cost of
services rendered and do not represent an indirect protection to domestic goods or a taxation
of imports or exports for fiscal purposes.
2. Neither Party may require consular transactions, including related fees and charges, in
connection with the importation of any good of the other Party.
3. Each Party shall make available and maintain through the Internet a current list of the
fees and charges it imposes in connection with importation or exportation.
4. The United States shall eliminate its merchandise processing fee on originating goods.
Neither Party may adopt or maintain any duty, tax, or other charge on the export of
any good to the territory of the other Party, unless such duty, tax, or charge is also adopted or
maintained on the good when destined for domestic consumption.
1. Panama shall recognize Bourbon Whiskey and Tennessee Whiskey, which is a straight
Bourbon Whiskey authorized to be produced only in the State of Tennessee, as distinctive
products of the United States. Accordingly, Panama shall not permit the sale of any product
as Bourbon Whiskey or Tennessee Whiskey, unless it has been manufactured in the United
States in accordance with the laws and regulations of the United States governing the
manufacture of Bourbon Whiskey and Tennessee Whiskey.
2. At the request of a Party, the Committee on Trade in Goods shall consider whether to
recommend that the Parties amend the Agreement to designate a good as a distinctive product
for purposes of this Article.
Section F: Agriculture
1. Each Party shall implement and administer the tariff-rate quotas for agricultural goods
set out in Appendix I to its Schedule to Annex 3.3 (hereafter “TRQs”) in accordance with
Article XIII of the GATT 1994, including its interpretive notes, and the Import Licensing
Agreement.
(a) its procedures for administering its TRQs are transparent, made available to the
public, timely, nondiscriminatory, responsive to market conditions, and
minimally burdensome to trade;
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(b) subject to subparagraph (c), any person of a Party that fulfills the Party’s legal
and administrative requirements shall be eligible to apply and to be considered
for an in-quota quantity allocation under the Party’s TRQs;
(d) solely government authorities administer its TRQs and government authorities
do not delegate administration of its TRQs to producer groups or other non-
governmental organizations, except as provided in Appendix I to the General
Notes of the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3; and
(e) it allocates in-quota quantities under its TRQs in commercially viable shipping
quantities and, to the maximum extent possible, in the amounts that importers
request.
3. Each Party shall make every effort to administer its TRQs in a manner that allows
importers to fully utilize them.
4. Neither Party may condition application for, or use of, an in-quota quantity allocation
under a TRQ on the re-export of an agricultural good.
5. Neither Party may count food aid or other non-commercial shipments in determining
whether an in-quota quantity under a TRQ has been filled.
6. On request of either Party, the Parties shall consult regarding the administration of the
importing Party’s TRQs.
1. The Parties share the objective of the multilateral elimination of export subsidies for
agricultural goods and shall work together toward an agreement in the WTO to eliminate
those subsidies and prevent their reintroduction in any form.
2. Except as provided in paragraph 3, neither Party may introduce or maintain any export
subsidy on any agricultural good destined for the territory of the other Party.
3. Where the exporting Party considers that a non-Party is exporting an agricultural good
to the territory of the other Party with the benefit of export subsidies, the importing Party
shall, on written request of the exporting Party, consult with the exporting Party with a view
to agreeing on specific measures that the importing Party may adopt to counter the effect of
such subsidized imports. If the importing Party adopts the agreed-on measures, the exporting
Party shall refrain from applying any export subsidy to its exports of the good to the territory
of the importing Party. If the importing Party does not adopt the agreed-on measures, the
exporting Party may apply an export subsidy on its exports of the good to the territory of the
importing Party only to the extent necessary to counter the trade-distorting effect of
subsidized exports of the good from the non-Party to the importing Party’s territory.
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Article 3.16: Export State Trading Enterprises
The Parties shall work together toward an agreement on export state trading
enterprises in the WTO that:
(b) eliminates any special financing granted directly or indirectly to state trading
enterprises that export for sale a significant share of their country’s total
exports of an agricultural good; and
1. Notwithstanding Article 3.3, a Party may apply a measure in the form of an additional
import duty on an originating agricultural good listed in that Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.17,
provided that the conditions in paragraphs 2 through 8 are met. The sum of any such
additional import duty and any other customs duty on such good shall not exceed the lowest
of:
(a) the base rate of duty provided in the Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3;
(c) the MFN applied rate of duty in effect on the day immediately preceding the
date of entry into force of this Agreement.
2. A Party may apply an agricultural safeguard measure during any calendar year if the
quantity of imports of the good during such year exceeds the trigger level for that good set out
in its Schedule to Annex 3.17.
3. The additional duty under paragraph 1 shall be set according to each Party’s Schedule
to Annex 3.17.
4. Neither Party may apply an agricultural safeguard measure and at the same time apply
or maintain:
(b) a measure under Article XIX of GATT 1994 and the Safeguards Agreement,
(a) on or after the date that the good is subject to duty-free treatment under the
Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3; or
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the Party applying the measure shall consult with the other Party regarding application of the
measure.
7. A Party may maintain an agricultural safeguard measure only until the end of the
calendar year in which the Party applies the measure.
8. Neither Party may apply on an originating agricultural good any safeguard duty
pursuant to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture or any successor provisions thereof.
9. The Commission and the Committee on Agricultural Trade may review the
implementation and operation of this Article.
10. For purposes of this Article and Annex 3.17, agricultural safeguard measure means
a measure described in paragraph 1.
1. In any year, the United States may, at its option, apply a mechanism that results in
compensation to Panama’s exporters of sugar goods in lieu of according duty-free treatment
to some or all of the duty-free quantities of sugar goods established for Panama in paragraph 6
of Appendix I to the General Notes of the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3. Such
compensation shall be equivalent to the estimated economic rents that Panama’s exporters
would have obtained on exports to the United States of any such amounts of sugar goods and
shall be provided within 30 days after the United States exercises this option. The United
States shall notify Panama at least 90 days before it exercises this option and, on request, shall
enter into consultations with Panama regarding application of the mechanism.
2. For purposes of this Article, sugar good means a good provided for in paragraph 6(c),
(g), or (j) of Appendix I to the General Notes of the Schedule of the United States to Annex
3.3.
The Parties shall establish an Agriculture Review Commission in the 14th year after
the date of entry into force of this Agreement to review the implementation and operation of
the Agreement as it relates to trade in agricultural goods. The Agriculture Review
Commission shall evaluate the effects of trade liberalization under the Agreement, the
operation of Article 3.17 and possible extension of agricultural safeguard measures under that
Article, progress toward global agricultural trade reform in the WTO, and developments in
world agricultural markets. The Agriculture Review Commission shall report its findings and
any recommendations to the Commission.
1. No later than 90 days after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties
shall establish a Committee on Agricultural Trade, comprising representatives of each Party.
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(c) consultation between the Parties on matters related to this Section in
coordination with other committees, subcommittees, working groups, or other
bodies established under this Agreement;
(e) undertaking any additional work that the Commission may assign.
3. The Committee shall meet at least once a year unless it decides otherwise. Meetings
of the Committee shall be chaired by the representatives of the Party hosting the meeting.
1. The customs authorities of the Parties shall cooperate for purposes of:
(b) ensuring the accuracy of claims of origin for textile or apparel goods; and
(a) authorize its officials to take swift action to deter circumvention and to carry
out obligations under this Chapter relating to customs cooperation and
information sharing; and
(b) establish criminal penalties and civil or administrative penalties that effectively
deter engaging in, attempting to engage in, or facilitating activities related to
circumvention.
3. On request of a Party, the other Party shall provide, consistent with its laws,
regulations, and procedures, production, trade, and transit documents and other information
necessary to determine:
(a) that an enterprise has made an accurate claim of origin for a textile or apparel
good; or
(b) that an enterprise is complying with applicable customs laws, regulations, and
procedures regarding trade in textile or apparel goods, including:
(i) laws, regulations, and procedures that the exporting Party adopts or
maintains pursuant to this Agreement; and
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Article 5.6 (Confidentiality) shall apply to any information that the providing Party designates
as confidential.
4. (a) On the written request of the importing Party, the exporting Party shall conduct
a verification for purposes of enabling the importing Party to make the
determination described in paragraph 3(a) or (b), regardless of whether an
importer claims preferential tariff treatment for a textile or apparel good for
which a claim of origin has been made.
(b) A request under subparagraph (a) shall include specific information regarding
the reason the importing Party is requesting the verification and the
determination the importing Party is seeking to make.
(c) The exporting Party may conduct a verification of exporting enterprises within
its territory on its own initiative.
5. The exporting Party may allow the importing Party to participate in a verification
conducted under paragraph 4, including through a site visit. If the importing Party believes it
is necessary for it to participate in a site visit, the competent authority of the importing Party
shall provide a written request to the competent authority of the exporting Party. Site visits
shall be conducted in accordance with the laws, regulations, and procedures of the exporting
Party.2 If the exporting Party does not allow the participation of the importing Party, the
importing Party may take appropriate action, which may include denying preferential tariff
treatment to the type of goods of the enterprise that would have been the subject of the
verification.
6. (a) The competent authority of the importing Party shall provide a written request
to participate in a site visit not less than 14 days before the proposed dates of
the site visit. The request shall identify the number of enterprises to be visited,
the proposed dates of the visit, and the reason for the visit.
(b) The importing Party shall ensure that its competent authority does not inform
any person, other than the responsible officials of the exporting Party, of a
request under subparagraph (a) or its contents. The exporting Party shall
ensure that its competent authority and any other person in its territory do not
provide prior notice to the enterprise to be visited. The exporting Party or, if
the exporting Party requests or authorizes the importing Party to undertake
such a verification, the importing Party shall seek permission to conduct a site
visit from a responsible person of the enterprise at the time of the visit.
(ii) the exporting Party shall not issue any certificates, visas, or export
licenses that may be required to accompany textile or apparel goods
2
For greater certainty, all site visits conducted under this Article shall be conducted under the authority of the
exporting Party. The participation of officials of the importing Party at the visit shall be limited to the purposes
stated in this Article and shall not be deemed to confer any authority on such officials over persons or enterprises
located within the territory of the exporting Party.
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Permission to conduct a site visit shall be deemed to have been denied if the enterprise does not allow the
responsible officials of either Party access to the enterprise’s premises, including its production and storage areas
and other facilities or to production records relating to textile or apparel goods that have been exported to the
territory of the importing Party, the enterprise’s production capabilities in general, the number of persons the
enterprise employs, or other records or information relevant to making the determination in paragraph 3(a) or
(b).
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that the enterprise produces or exports when such goods are exported to
the importing Party, until the exporting Party receives information
sufficient to enable it to make the determination in paragraph 3(a) or
(b); and
(iii) the importing Party may deny entry of textile or apparel goods
produced or exported by the enterprise, until the importing Party
receives information sufficient to enable it to make the determination in
paragraph 3(a) or (b).
(d) On completion of a site visit in which the importing Party has participated, the
importing Party and exporting Party shall discuss their findings and the
importing Party shall subsequently provide to the exporting Party a written
report of the results of the visit. The exporting Party shall have the opportunity
to respond to the report. The written report shall include:
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(iii) During or on completion of a verification conducted under paragraph
4(a), if the importing Party discovers that an enterprise has provided
incorrect information to support a claim for preferential tariff treatment,
the importing Party may take appropriate action, which may include
denying the application of such treatment to any textile or apparel good
described in clauses (i)(A) and (B).
(c) The importing Party may continue to take appropriate action under any
provision of this paragraph only until it receives information sufficient to
enable it to make the determination in paragraph 3(a) or (b), as the case may
be.
8. Not later than 45 days after it completes a verification on behalf of the importing Party
under paragraph 4(a), the exporting Party shall provide the importing Party a written report on
the results of the verification. The report shall include all documents and facts supporting any
conclusion that the exporting Party reaches. After receiving the report, the importing Party
shall notify the exporting Party of any action it will take under paragraph 7(a)(ii) or (iii) or
7(b)(ii) or (iii), taking into account the information provided in the report.
(i) the Party has determined, in accordance with its applicable procedures,
to be engaged in intentional circumvention of laws, regulations, and
procedures of either Party or international agreements affecting trade in
textile or apparel goods; or
(b) Each Party shall provide that an enterprise whose name has been included in a
list that the Party publishes in accordance with subparagraph (a) may request
that the Party remove the enterprise from its list. If the importing Party finds
that the enterprise has not committed any violations described in subparagraph
(a) for a period of not less than three years after the date on which the
enterprise’s name was published, the importing Party shall remove the
enterprise from its list as of the next publication of the list.
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(c) A Party’s decision to publish the name of an enterprise in accordance with
subparagraph (a) shall not, in itself, constitute a basis for the Party to deny
entry to textile or apparel goods produced or exported by the enterprise.
1. The eligible Party shall establish and maintain programs to monitor the importation,
production, exportation, movement in transit, and processing or manipulation in any free trade
zone, foreign trade zone, or export processing zone of textile or apparel goods, as specified in
this article. These programs shall provide the information necessary for each Party to
ascertain whether a violation of its laws relating to trade in textile or apparel goods or an act
of circumvention is occurring or has occurred.
2. The eligible Party shall establish and maintain a program to verify the accuracy of
claims of origin relating to textile or apparel goods that are exported to the other Party. This
program shall include on-site government inspections of any enterprise of the eligible Party
involved in the production of any such good without prior notice to the enterprise to verify
that the enterprise complies with laws of the eligible Party relating to trade in textile or
apparel goods and that the enterprise’s production of and capability to produce such goods are
consistent with claims regarding the origin of such goods.
3. For each shipment of textile or apparel goods that an enterprise in its territory
produces for exportation to the other Party or exports to the other Party, the eligible Party
shall require the enterprise to maintain in the eligible Party records relating to such production
or exportation for a period of five years from the date on which such records are created. The
eligible Party also shall require each of its enterprises that produces textile or apparel goods to
maintain in the eligible Party records relating to its production capabilities in general, the
number of persons it employs, and any other records and information sufficient to allow
officials of each Party to verify the enterprise’s production and exportation of textile or
apparel goods, including:
(a) records demonstrating that the materials used to produce or assemble textile or
apparel goods were obtained or produced by the enterprise and were available
for production, such as:
(i) bills of lading from the persons that supplied the materials;
(C) mill certificates if the materials were spun, extruded (for yarns)
or woven, knitted, or formed by any other fabric forming
process (for example, tufting) by an enterprise of the eligible
Party;
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(b) with respect to textile or apparel goods that the enterprise has produced with
respect to which a claim of origin is made, production records that substantiate
the claim or marking, such as:
(c) with respect to textile or apparel goods that a subcontractor has produced in
whole or in part for the enterprise and with respect to which a claim of origin is
made, records that substantiate the claim of origin, such as:
4. The eligible Party shall establish and maintain a program to ensure that textile or
apparel goods that are imported into or exported from the eligible Party or that are processed
or manipulated in any free trade zone, foreign trade zone, or export processing zone in the
eligible Party en route to the other Party are examined to ascertain prima facie that they are
marked with the country of origin in accordance with the documents accompanying the goods
and that such documents accurately describe the goods.
(ii) issuance by the eligible Party to the other Party of a written report
describing each violation relating to circumvention, including a failure
to maintain or produce records, any other act of circumvention
involving textile or apparel goods destined for the other Party occurring
in the territory of the eligible Party, and any enforcement action taken
or penalty imposed by the eligible Party.
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5. If the eligible Party discovers conduct by an enterprise that it suspects is a violation of
either Party’s laws relating to circumvention, and the conduct has not been described in a
report under paragraph 4(a)(ii), the eligible Party shall report the conduct to the other Party
not later than 14 days after the eligible Party discovers the conduct. The eligible Party shall
also immediately initiate a detailed review of all textile or apparel goods that the enterprise
has produced for exportation to the other Party or exported to the other Party during the six
months preceding the date that the eligible Party discovered the conduct. The eligible Party
shall prepare a report describing the results of that review and shall transmit the report to the
other Party not later than 60 days after it initiates the review of the enterprise or such later
date as the Parties may agree.
(b) the nature of the suspected violation (for example, failure to maintain adequate
production records or making false statements relating to country of origin or
production);
(c) a brief description of the evidence of a violation and any penalty imposed or
other action taken;
(d) the identification numbers of the invoices or certificates, if required, and the
date of exportation of the goods subject to the review;
(e) the product category, description, and quantity of the goods included in the
shipments to the other Party; and
(f) purchase orders, bills of lading, contracts, payment records, invoices, and other
records indicating the origin of the goods included in the shipments to the other
Party, and, if known, information identifying the importer of the goods in the
other Party.
7. The eligible Party shall obtain and annually update the following information
regarding its enterprises:
(a) the name and address of the enterprise and the location of all of its textile or
apparel facilities in the eligible Party;
(b) the telephone number, facsimile number, and e-mail address of the enterprise;
(c) the names and nationalities of the owners, if known, or the directors and
corporate officers and their positions within the enterprise;
(e) the number and type of machines the enterprise uses to produce textile or
apparel goods and the approximate number of hours the machines operate per
week;
(f) a general description of the textile or apparel goods the enterprise produces and
the enterprise’s production capacity; and
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(g) the name of, and contact information for, each of the enterprise’s customers in
the other Party.
The eligible Party shall provide this information to the other Party within three months after
the date of entry into force of this Agreement and annually thereafter. The other Party shall
consider the information that the eligible Party provides under this paragraph to have been
designated as confidential information in accordance with Article 5.6 (Confidentiality).
1. On the written request of a Party, the Parties shall enter into consultations to resolve
any technical or interpretive difficulties that may arise, or to discuss ways to improve customs
cooperation, under Articles 3.21 and 3.22. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, consultations
shall begin within 30 days after delivery of the request, and conclude within 90 days after
delivery of the request.
2. A Party may request technical or other assistance from the other Party in carrying out
Articles 3.21 and 3.22. The Party receiving such a request shall make every effort to respond
favorably and promptly to it.
1. Subject to the following paragraphs, and during the transition period only, if, as a
result of the reduction or elimination of a duty provided for in this Agreement, a textile or
apparel good of a Party is being imported into the territory of the other Party in such increased
quantities, in absolute terms or relative to the domestic market for that good, and under such
conditions as to cause serious damage, or actual threat thereof, to a domestic industry
producing a like or directly competitive good, the importing Party may, to the extent
necessary to prevent or remedy such damage and to facilitate adjustment, apply a textile
safeguard measure to that good, consisting of an increase in the rate of duty on the good to a
level not to exceed the lesser of:
(a) the most-favored-nation (MFN) applied rate of duty in effect at the time the
measure is applied; or
(b) the MFN applied rate of duty in effect on the date of entry into force of this
Agreement.
(a) shall examine the effect of increased imports of the good of the other Party on
the particular industry, as reflected in changes in such relevant economic
variables as output, productivity, utilization of capacity, inventories, market
share, exports, wages, employment, domestic prices, profits, and investment,
none of which, either alone or combined with other factors, shall necessarily be
decisive; and
3. The importing Party may apply a textile safeguard measure only following an
investigation by its competent authority.
4. If, on the basis of the results of the investigation under paragraph 3, the importing
Party intends to apply a textile safeguard measure, the importing Party shall promptly provide
written notice to the exporting Party of its intent to apply a textile safeguard measure, and on
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request shall enter into consultations with that Party. The Parties shall begin the consultations
without delay and shall complete them within 60 days of the date of receipt of the request.
The importing Party shall make a decision on whether to apply a safeguard measure within 30
days of completion of the consultations.
5. The following conditions and limitations apply to any textile safeguard measure:
(a) neither Party may maintain a textile safeguard measure for a period exceeding
three years;
(b) neither Party may apply a textile safeguard measure to the same good of the
other Party more than once;
(c) on termination of the textile safeguard measure, the Party applying the measure
shall apply the rate of duty set out in its Schedule to Annex 3.3 (Tariff
Elimination), as if the measure had never been applied; and
(d) neither Party may maintain a textile safeguard measure beyond the transition
period.
6. The Party applying a textile safeguard measure shall provide to the Party against
whose good the measure is taken mutually agreed trade liberalizing compensation in the form
of concessions having substantially equivalent trade effects or equivalent to the value of the
additional duties expected to result from the textile safeguard measure. Such concessions
shall be limited to textile or apparel goods, unless the Parties otherwise agree. If the Parties
are unable to agree on compensation within 30 days of application of a textile safeguard
measure, the Party against whose good the measure is taken may take tariff action having
trade effects substantially equivalent to the trade effects of the textile safeguard measure.
Such tariff action may be taken against any goods of the Party applying the measure. The
Party taking the tariff action shall apply such action only for the minimum period necessary to
achieve the substantially equivalent trade effects. The importing Party’s obligation to provide
trade compensation and the exporting Party’s right to take tariff action shall terminate when
the textile safeguard measure terminates.
7. (a) Each Party retains its rights and obligations under Article XIX of the GATT
1994 and the Safeguards Agreement.
(b) Neither Party may apply, with respect to the same good at the same time, a
textile safeguard measure and:
(ii) a measure under Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the Safeguards
Agreement.
1. On request of a Party, the Parties shall, within 30 days after the request is delivered,
consult on whether the rules of origin applicable to a particular textile or apparel good should
be modified.
2. In the consultations referred to in paragraph 1, each Party shall consider all data that a
Party presents demonstrating substantial production in its territory of the good. The Parties
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shall consider that there is substantial production if a Party demonstrates that its domestic
producers are capable of supplying commercial quantities of the good in a timely manner.
3. The Parties shall endeavor to conclude the consultations within 90 days after delivery
of the request. If the Parties reach an agreement to modify a rule of origin for a particular
good, the agreement shall supersede that rule of origin when approved by the Parties in
accordance with Article 19.1.3(b) (The Free Trade Commission).
4. (a) At the request of an interested entity, the United States shall, within 30
business days of receiving the request, add a fabric, yarn, or fiber in an
unrestricted or restricted quantity to the list in Annex 3.25, if the United States
determines, based on information supplied by interested entities, that the
fabric, yarn, or fiber is not available in commercial quantities in a timely
manner in the territories of the Parties, or if no interested entity objects to the
request.
(c) If the United States does not make the determination in subparagraph (a)
within 15 business days of the expiration of the period within which it must
make that determination, as specified in subparagraph (a) or (b), the United
States shall grant the request.
(d) The United States may, within six months after adding a restricted quantity of
a fabric, yarn, or fiber to the list in Annex 3.25 pursuant to subparagraph (a),
eliminate the restriction.
(e) The United States shall add a fabric, yarn, or fiber in an unrestricted quantity to
the list in Annex 3.25 if, before the date of entry into force of this Agreement,
the United States has determined that the fabric, yarn, or fiber is not available
in commercial quantities in the United States pursuant to:
(i) section 112(b)(5)(B) of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (19
U.S.C. § 3721(b)), section 204(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Andean Trade
Preference Act (19 U.S.C. § 3203(b)(3)(B)(ii)), or section
213(b)(2)(A)(v)(II) of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (19
U.S.C. § 2703(b)(2)(A)(v)(II)); or
(ii) procedures under another free trade agreement to which the United
States is a party that permit the United States to determine that a fabric,
yarn, or fiber is not available in commercial quantities in a timely
manner, and the United States has added the fabric, yarn, or fiber in an
unrestricted quantity to a list of fabrics, yarns, and fibers that are not
available in commercial quantities in a timely manner established under
that free trade agreement.
5. At the request of an interested entity made no earlier than six months after the United
States has added a fabric, yarn, or fiber in an unrestricted quantity to Annex 3.25 pursuant to
paragraph 4, the United States may, within 30 business days after it receives the request:
(a) delete the fabric, yarn, or fiber from the list in Annex 3.25; or
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(b) introduce a restriction on the quantity of the fabric, yarn, or fiber added to
Annex 3.25,
if the United States determines, based on the information supplied by interested entities, that
the fabric, yarn, or fiber is available in commercial quantities in a timely manner in the
territory of either Party. Such deletion or restriction shall not take effect until six months after
the United States publishes its determination.
6. Promptly after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the United States shall
publish the procedures it will follow in considering requests under paragraphs 4 and 5.
De Minimis
7. A textile or apparel good that is not an originating good because certain fibers or yarns
used in the production of the component of the good that determines the tariff classification of
the good do not undergo an applicable change in tariff classification set out in Annex 4.1
(Specific Rules of Origin), shall nonetheless be considered to be an originating good if the
total weight of all such fibers or yarns in that component is not more than ten percent of the
total weight of that component.4
Treatment of Sets
9. Notwithstanding the specific rules of origin in Annex 4.1 (Specific Rules of Origin),
textile or apparel goods classifiable as goods put up in sets for retail sale as provided for in
General Rule of Interpretation 3 of the Harmonized System, shall not be regarded as
originating goods unless each of the products in the set is an originating good or the total
value of the non-originating goods in the set does not exceed ten percent of the adjusted value
of the set.6
10. A textile or apparel good that is not an originating good because certain yarns used in
the production of the component of the good that determines the tariff classification of the
good do not undergo an applicable change in tariff classification set out in Annex 4.1
(Specific Rules of Origin), shall nonetheless be considered to be an originating good if the
yarns are those described in section 204(b)(3)(B)(vi)(IV) of the Andean Trade Preference Act
(19 U.S.C. § 3203(b)(3)(B)(vi)(IV)).
Consultations on Cumulation
11. If Panama enters into a free trade agreement covering trade in textile or apparel goods
with a country with which the United States has entered into a free trade agreement, the
Parties shall enter into consultations in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3, with a view to
deciding whether any material that is a good of that country that is incorporated into a good of
4
For greater certainty, when the good is a fabric, yarn, or fiber, the “component of the good that determines the
tariff classification of the good” means all of the fibers in the good.
5
For greater certainty, the term “elastomeric yarns” does not include latex.
6
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “adjusted value” has the meaning ascribed to that term in Article 4.23
(Definitions).
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a Party classified under chapter 61 or 62 of the Harmonized System may be counted for
purposes of determining whether the good classified under chapter 61 or 62 is an originating
good under this Agreement.
For a textile or apparel good provided for in chapters 61 through 63 of the Harmonized
System that is not an originating good, the United States shall apply its MFN rate of duty only
on the value of the assembled good minus the value of fabrics wholly formed and finished in
the United States, components knit-to-shape in the United States, and any other materials of
U.S. origin used in the production of such a good, provided that the good is sewn or otherwise
assembled in the territory of Panama with thread wholly formed and finished in the United
States, from fabrics wholly formed and finished in the United States and cut in one or both of
the Parties, or from components knit-to-shape in the United States, or both.
1. The Parties may identify at any time particular textile or apparel goods of the
exporting Party that they mutually agree fall within:
(d) textile or apparel goods that substantially incorporate one or more molas.
2. The importing Party shall grant duty-free treatment to goods so identified, if certified
by the competent authority of the exporting Party.
Article 3.28: Duty-Free Treatment for Certain Guayabera-Style Dresses and Shirts
An importing Party shall grant duty-free treatment to dresses of heading 62.04 and
shirts and blouses of heading 62.05 or 62.06 containing:
(b) a center front placket with button closure that runs the full length of the good;
(d) either pleats or embroidery that run the full length of the good on both sides of
the center front placket from the yoke to the hem with a decorative button
where the pleats or embroidery meet the yoke;
(e) corresponding pleats or embroidery that run the full length of the good on both
sides of the back from the yoke to the hem with a decorative button where the
pleats or embroidery meet the yoke;
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provided that the good is both cut and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or
both of the Parties.
(a) babies’ socks and booties classified under tariff item 6111.20.6050,
6111.30.5050, or 6111.90.5050 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States; and
provided that the good is sewn or otherwise assembled in Panama with thread wholly formed
and finished in the United States from components knit-to-shape in the United States from
yarns wholly formed and finished in the United States.
circumvention means providing a false declaration or false information for the purpose of, or
with the effect of, violating or evading existing customs, country of origin labeling, or trade
laws of a Party relating to imports of textile and apparel goods, if such action results in the
avoidance of tariffs, quotas, embargoes, prohibitions, restrictions, trade remedies, including
antidumping or countervailing duties, or safeguard measures, or in obtaining preferential tariff
treatment. Examples of circumvention include illegal transshipment; rerouting; fraud; false
declarations concerning country of origin, fiber content, quantities, description, or
classification; falsification of documents; and smuggling;
claim of origin means a claim that a textile or apparel good is an originating good or a good
of a Party;
eligible Party means the Party whose calendar year exports by value of goods classified
under Harmonized System chapter 61 or 62 (excluding subheadings 6117.90 and 6217.90) as
a percentage of its calendar year total exports by value of goods classified under Harmonized
System chapters 50 through 63 exceed said percentage of the other Party’s exports by value of
goods classified under Harmonized System chapters 50 through 63. For purposes of this
definition, the first calendar year shall be the most recent calendar year for which a full 12
months of data are available as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement. If either
Party’s calendar year exports by value of goods classified under Harmonized System chapters
50 through 63 fall below US$2 million, then the export data from the most recent prior
calendar year in which both Parties’ exports of such goods exceeded US$2 million shall be
used for purposes of this definition;
enterprise, in the case of Panama, means an enterprise as defined in Article 2.1 (Definitions
of General Application), and includes an enterprise involved in:
(b) importation of textile or apparel goods into the territory of Panama, including
into any free trade zone, foreign trade zone, or export processing zone; or
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(c) exportation of textile or apparel goods from the territory of Panama, including
from any free trade zone, foreign trade zone, or export processing zone;
exporting Party means the Party from whose territory a textile or apparel good is exported;
importing Party means the Party into whose territory a textile or apparel good is imported;
interested entity means a Party, a potential or actual purchaser of a textile or apparel good, or
a potential or actual supplier of a textile or apparel good;
mola (or morra in the native Kuna language) means a good produced through reverse
appliqué, traditional and historic in nature, made within Panama, of small decorative pieces of
cloth onto a larger piece, elaborated back to front with a combination of fabrics of different
bright colors. A mola is made up by hand in two or more layers of cut fabrics, handsewn one
over the other, and is usually inspired in nature, cosmic view, or geometrical designs;
textile or apparel good means a good listed in the Annex to the Agreement on Textiles and
Clothing, except for those goods listed in Annex 3.30;
transition period means the five-year period beginning on the date of entry into force of this
Agreement; and
(a) when used in reference to fabrics, all production processes and finishing
operations necessary to produce a finished fabric ready for use without further
processing. These processes and operations include formation processes, such
as weaving, knitting, needling, tufting, felting, entangling, or other such
processes, and finishing operations, including bleaching, dyeing, and printing;
and
(b) when used in reference to yarns, all production processes and finishing
operations, beginning with the extrusion of filaments, strips, film, or sheet, and
including drawing to fully orient a filament or slitting a film or sheet into strip,
or the spinning of all fibers into yarn, or both, and ending with a finished yarn
or plied yarn.
2. The Committee shall meet on the request of a Party or the Commission to consider any
matter arising under this Chapter, Chapter Four (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures), or
Chapter Five (Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation).
(a) promoting trade in goods between the Parties, including through consultations
on accelerating tariff elimination under this Agreement and other issues as
appropriate;
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(b) addressing barriers to trade in goods between the Parties, especially those
related to the application of non-tariff measures, and, if appropriate, referring
such matters to the Commission for its consideration; and
Section I: Definitions
advertising films and recordings means recorded visual media or audio materials, consisting
essentially of images and/or sound, showing the nature or operation of goods or services
offered for sale or lease by a person established or resident in the territory of a Party, provided
that such materials are of a kind suitable for exhibition to prospective customers but not for
broadcast to the general public;
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing means the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing;
agricultural goods means those goods referred to in Article 2 of the WTO Agreement on
Agriculture;
consular transactions means requirements that goods of a Party intended for export to the
territory of the other Party must first be submitted to the supervision of the consul of the
importing Party in the territory of the exporting Party for the purpose of obtaining consular
invoices or consular visas for commercial invoices, certificates of origin, manifests, shippers’
export declarations, or any other customs documentation required on or in connection with
importation;
consumed means
export subsidies shall have the meaning assigned to that term in Article 1(e) of the WTO
Agreement on Agriculture, including any amendment of that article;
goods intended for display or demonstration includes their component parts, ancillary
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apparatus, and accessories;
goods temporarily admitted for sports purposes means sports requisites for use in sports
contests, demonstrations, or training in the territory of the Party into whose territory such
goods are admitted;
Import Licensing Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;
(b) domestic goods or services of the Party granting a waiver of customs duties or
import license be substituted for imported goods;
(e) relates in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value of
exports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows,
printed advertising materials means those goods classified in Chapter 49 of the Harmonized
System, including brochures, pamphlets, leaflets, trade catalogues, yearbooks published by
trade associations, tourist promotional materials, and posters, that are used to promote,
publicize, or advertise a good or service, are essentially intended to advertise a good or
service, and are supplied free of charge; and
SCM Agreement means the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.
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Annex 3.2
Articles 3.2 and 3.8.1 through 3.8.4 shall not apply to:
(b) controls on the importation of used vehicles pursuant to Law No. 36 of May
17, 1996;7
(c) controls on the importation of video and other games classified under heading
95.04 providing cash prizes pursuant to Law No. 2 of February 10, 1998;
(d) measures relating to the export of wood from national forests pursuant to
Executive Decree No. 57 of June 5, 2002; and
Articles 3.2 and 3.8.1 through 3.8.4 shall not apply to:
(b) (i) measures under existing provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of
1920, 46 App. U.S.C. § 883; the Passenger Vessel Act, 46 App. U.S.C.
§§ 289, 292, and 316; and 46 U.S.C. § 12108, to the extent that such
measures were mandatory legislation at the time of the accession of the
United States to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947
(GATT 1947) and have not been amended so as to decrease their
conformity with Part II of the GATT 1947;
7
The controls identified in this subparagraph do not apply to remanufactured goods.
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Annex 3.3
Tariff Elimination
(a) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category A in a
Party’s Schedule shall be eliminated entirely, and such goods shall be duty-free
on the date this Agreement enters into force;
(b) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category B in a
Party’s Schedule shall be removed in five equal annual stages beginning on the
date this Agreement enters into force, and such goods shall be duty-free,
effective January 1 of year five;
(c) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category C in a
Party’s Schedule shall be removed in ten equal annual stages beginning on the
date this Agreement enters into force, and such goods shall be duty-free,
effective January 1 of year ten;
(d) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category D in a
Party’s Schedule shall remain at base rates during years one through five.
Beginning on January 1 of year six, duties shall be reduced in five equal annual
stages, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year ten;
(e) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category E in a
Party’s Schedule shall be removed in 15 equal annual stages beginning on the
date this Agreement enters into force, and such goods shall be duty-free,
effective January 1 of year 15;
(f) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category F in a
Party’s Schedule shall remain at base rates during years one through five.
Beginning on January 1 of year six, duties shall be reduced in ten equal annual
stages, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 15;
(g) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category G in a
Party’s Schedule shall remain at base rates during years one through eight.
Beginning on January 1 of year nine, duties shall be reduced in seven equal
annual stages, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year
15;
(h) duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category H in a
Party’s Schedule shall remain at base rates during years one through nine.
Beginning on January 1 of year ten, duties shall be reduced in eight equal
annual stages, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year
17; and
(i) originating goods provided for in the items in staging category I in a Party’s
Schedule shall continue to receive duty-free treatment.
2. The base rate of customs duty and staging category for determining the interim rate of
customs duty at each stage of reduction for an item are indicated for the item in each Party’s
Schedule.
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3. Interim staged rates shall be rounded down, at least to the nearest tenth of a percentage
point, or, if the rate of duty is expressed in monetary units, at least to the nearest 0.001 of the
official monetary unit of the Party.
4. For purposes of this Annex and a Party’s Schedule, year one means the year this
Agreement enters into force as provided in Article 22.5 (Entry into Force and Termination).
5. For purposes of this Annex and a Party’s Schedule, beginning in year two, each annual
stage of tariff reduction shall take effect on January 1 of the relevant year.
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Annex 3.17
General Notes
1. For each good listed in a Party’s Schedule to this Annex for which the agricultural
safeguard trigger level is set out in that Schedule as a percentage of the applicable tariff-rate
quota (TRQ), the trigger level in any year shall be determined by multiplying the in-quota
quantity for that good for that year, as set out in Appendix I to the Party’s Schedule to Annex
3.3, by the applicable percentage. For each good listed in a Party’s Schedule to this Annex
for which the trigger level is set out as a fixed initial amount in the Party’s Schedule, the
trigger level set out in the Schedule shall be the trigger level in year one. The trigger level in
any subsequent year shall be determined by adding to that amount the quantity derived by
applying the applicable annual trigger growth rate to that amount, compounded annually. For
purposes of this Annex, the term “year one” shall have the meaning given to that term in
Annex 3.3.
2. For purposes of this Annex, prime and choice beef shall mean prime and choice
grades of beef as defined in the United States Standards for Grades of Carcass Beef,
promulgated pursuant to the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. §§ 1621-1627), as
amended.
Schedule of Panama
1. For purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 3.17, originating goods that may be
subject to an agricultural safeguard measure and the trigger level for each such good are set
out below:
Annual
Trigger Compound
Good Tariff Classification
Level Trigger
Growth Rate
Beef Other than 02012000b, 02013000b,
Prime and Choice 02022000b, 02023000b 330 MT 10%
Beef
Pork 02031110, 02031120, 02031210,
02031290, 02031910, 02031920,
02031990, 02032110, 02032120,
02032210, 02032290, 02032910,
130% of TRQ
02032920, 02032990, 02101119,
02101190, 02101910, 02101929,
02101990, 16024111, 16024210,
16024290, 16024919
Chicken Leg Quarters 02071319c, 02071419c
130% of TRQ
(Bone-in)
Fluid Milk 04011000, 04012010, 04012020,
110% of TRQ
04012090, 04013010, 04013021
Nonfat Dry Milk 04021091, 04021092, 04021099,
110% of TRQ
04039022
Whole Milk Powder 04022191, 04022199, 04022991,
110% of TRQ
04022999, 04039023
Yogurt 04031010, 04031021, 04031022, 110% of TRQ
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Annual
Trigger Compound
Good Tariff Classification
Level Trigger
Growth Rate
04031031, 04031032, 04031091,
04031099
Butter 04051000, 04052010, 04052090,
04059090 110% of TRQ
Cheddar Cheese 04039013, 04069011, 04069019
110% of TRQ
Other Cheese 04061010, 04061090, 04062010,
04062090, 04063000, 04064000, 110% of TRQ
04069020, 04069090
Ice Cream 21050010, 21050091, 21050099 110% of TRQ
Other Dairy Products 19011019, 19019023, 22029011,
110% of TRQ
22029019
Rough Rice 10061090 130% of TRQ
Milled Rice 10062000, 10063000, 10064000 130% of TRQ
Certain Vegetable 15079000, 15121900, 15162090,
4,500 MT 10%
Oils 15179010, 15179090
Refined Corn Oil 15152900 150% of TRQ
Processed Tomatoes 20029011, 20029012, 20029019,
150% of TRQ
20029021, 20029029
2. For purposes of paragraph 3 of Article 3.17, the additional import duty shall be:
(a) For beef other than prime and choice beef, certain vegetable oils, and
processed tomatoes as listed in this Schedule:
(i) in years one through six, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years seven through 14, less than or equal to 50 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3.
(i) in years one through nine, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3;
(ii) in years ten through 12, less than or equal to 75 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3; and
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(iii) in years 13 through 14, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(i) in years one through 13, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3;
(ii) in years 14 through 15, less than or equal to 75 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3;
and
(iii) in years 16 through 17, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(d) For fluid milk, yogurt, butter, and other dairy products as listed in this
Schedule:
(i) in years one through 11, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years 12 through 14, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(e) For nonfat dry milk and other cheese as listed in this Schedule:
(i) in years one through 13, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years 14 through 16, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(f) For whole milk powder, cheddar cheese, and ice cream as listed in this
Schedule:
(i) in years one through 12, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years 13 through 15, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(g) For rough rice and milled rice as listed in this Schedule:
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(i) in years one through 14, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3;
(ii) in years 15 through 17, less than or equal to 75 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3;
and
(iii) in years 18 through 19, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(i) in years one through six, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years seven through nine, less than or equal to 50 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of Panama
to Annex 3.3.
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Schedule of the United States
1. For purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 3.17, originating goods that may be
subject to an agricultural safeguard measure and the trigger level for each such good are set
out below:
Annual
Trigger Compound
Good Tariff Classification
Level Trigger
Growth Rate
Beef 02011050, 02012080, 02013080,
330 MT 10%
02021050, 02022080, 02023080
Condensed and 04029170, 04029190, 04029945,
115% of TRQ
Evaporated Milk 04029955
Select Cheeses 04061018, 04061028, 04061038,
04061048, 04061058, 04061068,
04061078, 04062028, 04062033,
04062039, 04062048, 04062053,
04062063, 04062067, 04062071,
04062075, 04062079, 04062083,
04062087, 04063018, 04063028,
04063038, 04063048, 04063053,
115% of TRQ
04063063, 04063067, 04063071,
04063075, 04063079, 04063083,
04063087, 04064070, 04069012,
04069018, 04069032, 04069037,
04069042, 04069048, 04069054,
04069068, 04069074, 04069078,
04069084, 04069088, 04069092,
04069094, 19019036
Other Cheeses 04061008, 04061088, 04062091,
115% of TRQ
04063091, 04069097
Ice Cream 21050020 115% of TRQ
2. For purposes of paragraph 3 of Article 3.17, the additional import duty shall be:
(i) in years one through six, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of the
United States to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years seven through 14, less than or equal to 50 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of the
United States to Annex 3.3.
(b) For condensed and evaporated milk and select cheeses as listed in this
Schedule:
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(i) in years one through 13, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of the
United States to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years 14 through 16, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of the United States to
Annex 3.3.
(c) For other cheeses and ice cream as listed in this Schedule:
(i) in years one through 11, less than or equal to 100 percent of the
difference between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under
Article 3.17.1 and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of the
United States to Annex 3.3; and
(ii) in years 12 through 14, less than or equal to 50 percent of the difference
between the appropriate rate of duty as determined under Article 3.17.1
and the applicable tariff rate in the Schedule of the United States to
Annex 3.3.
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Annex 3.25
3-35
19 Two elastomeric fabrics used in waistbands, classified in tariff item 5903.90.bb: (1)
a knitted outer-fusible material with a fold line that is knitted into the fabric. The
fabric is a 45 millimeter wide base substrate, knitted in narrow width, synthetic fiber
based (made of 49 percent polyester/43 percent elastomeric filament/8 percent nylon
with a weight of 4.4 ounces, a 110/110 stretch, and a dull yarn), stretch elastomeric
material with an adhesive (thermoplastic resin) coating. The 45-millimeter width is
divided as follows: 34-millimeter solid, followed by a 3-millimeter seam allowing it
to fold over, followed by 8 millimeters of solid; (2) a knitted inner-fusible material
with an adhesive (thermoplastic resin) coating that is applied after going through a
finishing process to remove all shrinkage from the product. The fabric is a 40-
millimeter synthetic fiber based, stretch elastomeric fusible consisting of 80 percent
nylon type 6 and 20 percent elastomeric filament with a weight of 4.4 ounces, a
110/110 stretch, and a dull yarn.
20 Fabrics classified in subheading 5210.21 or 5210.31, not of square construction,
containing more than 70 warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter, of
average yarn number exceeding 135 metric.
21 Fabrics classified in subheading 5208.22 or 5208.32, not of square construction,
containing more than 75 warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter, of
average yarn number exceeding 135 metric.
22 Fabrics classified in subheading 5407.81, 5407.82, or 5407.83, weighing less than
170 grams per square meter, having a dobby weave created by a dobby attachment
of average yarn number exceeding 135 metric.
23 Cuprammonium rayon filament yarn classified in subheading 5403.39.
24 Fabrics classified in subheading 5208.42 or 5208.49, not of square construction,
containing more than 85 warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter, of
average yarn number exceeding 85 metric, of average yarn number exceeding 135
metric if the fabric is Oxford construction.
25 Single ring-spun yarn of yarn numbers 51 and 85 metric, containing 50 percent or
more, but less than 85 percent, by weight of 0.9 denier or finer micro modal fiber,
mixed solely with U.S. origin extra long pima cotton, classified in subheading
5510.30.
26 Tow of viscose rayon classified in heading 55.02.
27 100 percent cotton woven flannel fabrics, single ring-spun yarns of different colors,
of yarn numbers 21 through 36 metric, classified in tariff item 5208.43.aa, of 2 x 2
twill weave construction, weighing not more than 200 grams per square meter.
28 Fabrics classified in the following tariff items of average yarn number exceeding 93
metric: 5208.21.aa, 5208.22.aa, 5208.29.aa, 5208.31.aa, 5208.32.aa, 5208.39.aa,
5208.41.aa, 5208.42.aa, 5208.49.aa, 5208.51.aa, 5208.52.aa, 5208.59.aa, 5210.21.aa,
5210.29.aa, 5210.31.aa, 5210.39.aa, 5210.41.aa, 5210.49.aa, 5210.51.aa, or
5210.59.aa.
29 Certain yarns of carded cashmere or of carded camel hair, classified in tariff item
5108.10.aa, used to produce woven fabrics classified in subheading 5111.11 or
5111.19.
30 Acid-dyeable acrylic tow classified in subheading 5501.30, for production of yarn
classified in subheading 5509.31.
31 Untextured flat yarns of nylon classified in tariff item 5402.41.aa. The yarns are
described as: (1) of nylon, 7 denier/5 filament nylon 66 untextured (flat) semi-dull
yarn; multifilament, untwisted or with a twist not exceeding 50 turns/meter; (2) of
nylon, 10 denier/7 filament nylon 66 untextured (flat) semi-dull yarn; multifilament,
untwisted or with a twist not exceeding 50 turns/meter; or (3) of nylon, 12 denier/5
filament nylon 66 untextured (flat) semi-dull yarn; multifilament, untwisted or with
a twist not exceeding 50 turns/meter.
32 Woven fabric classified in tariff item 5515.13.aa, combed of polyester staple fibers
mixed with wool, and containing less than 36 percent by weight of wool.
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33 Knitted fabric of 85 percent spun silk/15 percent wool (210 grams per square meter),
classified in tariff item 6006.90.aa.
34 Woven fabrics classified in subheading 5512.99, containing 100 percent by weight
of synthetic staple fibers, not of square construction, of average yarn number
exceeding 55 metric.
35 Woven fabrics classified in subheadings 5512.21 or 5512.29, of 100 percent acrylic
fibers, of average yarn number exceeding 55 metric.
36 Rayon filament sewing thread, classified in subheading 5401.20.
37 Poplin, ring spun, woven fabric of 97 percent cotton, 3 percent Lycra, classified in
tariff item 5208.32.bb.
38 Polyester/Nylon/Spandex Synthetic Tri-blend (74/22/4 percent) woven fabric,
classified in tariff item 5512.99.aa.
39 Two-way stretch woven fabric of polyester/rayon/spandex (62/32/6 percent),
classified in tariff item 5515.19.aa.
40 Two-way stretch woven fabric of polyester/rayon/spandex (71/23/6 percent),
classified in tariff item 5515.19.aa.
41 Dyed rayon blend (70 percent rayon/30 percent polyester) herringbone twill fabric,
classified in subheading 5516.92, weighing more than 200 grams per square meter.
42 Printed 100 percent rayon herringbone fabric, classified in subheading 5516.14,
weighing more than 200 grams per square meter.
43 Leaver’s Lace classified in subheading 5804.21 or 5804.29.
Note: This list shall remain in effect until the United States publishes a replacement list that,
in accordance with Article 3.25.4 or 3.25.5, makes changes to the list. Any replacement list
shall supersede this list and any prior replacement list, and the United States shall publish the
replacement list at the same time that the United States makes a determination pursuant to
Article 3.25.4, and six months after the United States makes a determination pursuant to
Article 3.25.5. The United States shall transmit a copy of any replacement list to Panama at
the time it publishes the list.
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Annex 3.30
Note: Whether or not a textile or apparel good is covered by this Section shall be determined
in accordance with the Harmonized System. The descriptions provided in this Annex are for
reference purposes only.
3-38
Chapter Four
Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter, each Party shall provide that a good is
originating where:
(a) it is a good wholly obtained or produced entirely in the territory of one or both
of the Parties;
(b) it is produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties and
(i) each of the non-originating materials used in the production of the good
undergoes an applicable change in tariff classification specified in
Annex 4.1, or
(ii) the good otherwise satisfies any applicable regional value content or
other requirements specified in Annex 4.1,
and the good satisfies all other applicable requirements of this Chapter; or
(c) it is produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties exclusively
from originating materials.
1. Where Annex 4.1 specifies a regional value content test to determine whether a good
is originating, each Party shall provide that the importer, exporter, or producer may use a
calculation of regional value content based on one or the other of the following methods:
VNM is the value of non-originating materials that are acquired and used by the
producer in the production of the good; VNM does not include the value of a
material that is self-produced; and
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VOM is the value of originating materials acquired or self-produced, and used by the
producer in the production of the good.
2. Each Party shall provide that all costs considered for the calculation of regional value
content shall be recorded and maintained in conformity with the Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles applicable in the territory of the Party where the good is produced.
3. Where Annex 4.1 specifies a regional value content test to determine if an automotive
good1 is originating, each Party shall provide that the importer, exporter, or producer may use
a calculation of the regional value content of that good as provided in paragraph 1 or based on
the following method:
where,
VNM is the value of non-originating materials acquired and used by the producer in
the production of the good; VNM does not include the value of a material that
is self-produced.
4. Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of the regional value content method in
paragraph 3, the importer, exporter, or producer may use a calculation averaged over the
producer’s fiscal year, using any one of the following categories, on the basis of all motor
vehicles in the category or only those motor vehicles in the category that are exported to the
territory of one or both of the Parties:
(a) the same model line of motor vehicles in the same class of vehicles produced
in the same plant in the territory of a Party;
(b) the same class of motor vehicles produced in the same plant in the territory of a
Party; or
(c) the same model line of motor vehicles produced in the territory of a Party.
5. Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of calculating regional value content under
paragraph 3 for automotive materials2 produced in the same plant, an importer, exporter, or
producer may use a calculation:
(a) averaged:
1
Paragraph 3 applies solely to goods classified under the following headings and subheadings: 8407.31 through
8407.34 (engines), 8408.20 (diesel engines for vehicles), 84.09 (parts of engines), 87.01 through 87.05 (motor
vehicles), 87.06 (chassis), 87.07 (bodies), and 87.08 (motor vehicle parts).
2
Paragraph 5 applies solely to automotive materials classified under the following headings and subheadings:
8407.31 through 8407.34 (engines), 8408.20 (diesel engines for vehicles), 84.09 (parts of engines), 87.06
(chassis), 87.07 (bodies), and 87.08 (motor vehicle parts).
4-2
(i) over the fiscal year of the motor vehicle producer to whom the good is
sold;
provided that the good was produced during the fiscal year, quarter, or month
forming the basis for the calculation;
(b) in which the average in subparagraph (a) is calculated separately for such
goods sold to one or more motor vehicle producers; or
(c) in which the average in subparagraph (a) or (b) is calculated separately for
those goods that are exported to the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of Articles 4.2 and 4.6, the value of a
material shall be:
(a) for a material imported by the producer of the good, the adjusted value of the
material;
(b) for a material acquired in the territory where the good is produced, the value,
determined in accordance with Articles 1 through 8, Article 15, and the
corresponding interpretative notes of the Customs Valuation Agreement, i.e., in
the same manner as for imported goods, with such reasonable modifications as
may be required due to the absence of an importation by the producer; or
(i) all the expenses incurred in the production of the material, including
general expenses, and
(ii) an amount for profit equivalent to the profit added in the normal course
of trade.
1. Each Party shall provide that, for originating materials, the following expenses, where
not included under Article 4.3, may be added to the value of the material:
(a) the costs of freight, insurance, packing, and all other costs incurred in
transporting the material within a Party’s territory or between the territories of
the Parties to the location of the producer;
(b) duties, taxes, and customs brokerage fees on the material paid in the territory of
one or both of the Parties, other than duties and taxes that are waived,
refunded, refundable, or otherwise recoverable, including credit against duty or
tax paid or payable; and
(c) the cost of waste and spoilage resulting from the use of the material in the
production of the good, less the value of renewable scrap or by-product.
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2. Each Party shall provide that, for non-originating materials, the following expenses,
where included under Article 4.3, may be deducted from the value of the material:
(a) the costs of freight, insurance, packing, and all other costs incurred in
transporting the material within a Party’s territory or between the territories of
the Parties to the location of the producer;
(b) duties, taxes and customs brokerage fees on the material paid in the territory of
one or both of the Parties, other than duties and taxes that are waived,
refunded, refundable, or otherwise recoverable, including credit against duty or
tax paid or payable;
(c) the cost of waste and spoilage resulting from the use of the material in the
production of the good, less the value of renewable scrap or by-product; and
(d) the cost of originating materials used in the production of the non-originating
material in the territory of a Party.
1. Each Party shall provide that originating goods or materials of a Party, incorporated
into a good in the territory of the other Party, shall be considered to originate in the territory of
the other Party.
2. Each Party shall provide that a good is originating where the good is produced in the
territory of one or both of the Parties by one or more producers, provided that the good
satisfies the requirements in Article 4.1 and all other applicable requirements in this Chapter.
1. Except as provided in Annex 4.6, each Party shall provide that a good that does not
undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to Annex 4.1 is nonetheless originating if the
value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good and that do not
undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10 percent of the
adjusted value of the good, provided that the value of such non-originating materials shall be
included in the value of non-originating materials for any applicable regional value content
requirement and that the good meets all other applicable requirements in this Chapter.
2. With respect to a textile or apparel good, Article 3.25.7 (Rules of Origin and Related
Matters) applies in place of paragraph 1.
1. Each Party shall provide that an importer may claim that a fungible good or material is
an originating good where the importer, exporter, or producer has:
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2. Each Party shall provide that the inventory management method selected under
paragraph 1 for a particular fungible good or material shall continue to be used for that good
or material throughout the fiscal year of the person that selected the inventory management
method.
1. Each Party shall provide that a good’s standard accessories, spare parts, or tools
delivered with the good shall be treated as originating goods if the good is an originating good
and shall be disregarded in determining whether all the non-originating materials used in the
production of the good undergo the applicable change in tariff classification, provided that:
(a) the accessories, spare parts, or tools are classified with and not invoiced
separately from the good, regardless of whether they appear specified or
separately identified in the invoice itself; and
(b) the quantities and value of the accessories, spare parts, or tools are customary
for the good.
Each Party shall provide that packaging materials and containers in which a good is
packaged for retail sale shall, if classified with the good, be disregarded in determining
whether all the non-originating materials used in the production of the good undergo the
applicable change in tariff classification set out in Annex 4.1 and, if the good is subject to a
regional value content requirement, the value of such packaging materials and containers shall
be taken into account as originating or non-originating materials, as the case may be, in
calculating the regional value content of the good.
Each Party shall provide that packing materials and containers for shipment shall be
disregarded in determining whether a good is originating.
Each Party shall provide that a good shall not be considered to be an originating good
if the good:
(a) undergoes subsequent production or any other operation outside the territories
of the Parties other than unloading, reloading, or any other operation necessary
to preserve the good in good condition or to transport the good to the territory
of a Party; or
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(b) does not remain under the control of customs authorities in the territory of a
non-Party.
1. Each Party shall provide that if goods are classified as a set as a result of the
application of rule 3 of the General Rules of Interpretation of the Harmonized System, the set
is originating only if each good in the set is originating and both the set and the goods meet all
other applicable requirements in this Chapter.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a set of goods is originating if the value of all the non-
originating goods in the set does not exceed 15 percent of the adjusted value of the set.
3. With respect to a textile or apparel good, Article 3.25.9 (Rules of Origin and Related
Matters) applies in place of paragraphs 1 and 2.
1. The Parties shall consult regularly to ensure that this Chapter is administered
effectively, uniformly, and consistently with the spirit and objectives of this Agreement, and
shall cooperate in the administration of this Chapter.
2. A Party that considers that a specific rule of origin set out in Annex 4.1 requires
modification to take into account developments in production processes, lack of supply of
originating materials, or other relevant factors may submit a proposed modification along with
supporting rationale and any studies to the Commission for consideration.
4. Within such period as the Commission may direct, the working group shall provide a
report to the Commission, setting out its conclusions and recommendations, if any.
5. On receipt of the report, the Commission may take appropriate action under Article
19.1.3(b) (The Free Trade Commission).
6. With respect to a textile or apparel good, paragraphs 1 through 3 of Article 3.25 (Rules
of Origin and Related Matters) apply in place of paragraphs 2 through 5.
1. Each Party shall provide that an importer may make a claim for preferential tariff
treatment based on either:
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(b) the importer’s knowledge that the good is an originating good, including
reasonable reliance on information in the importer’s possession that the good is
an originating good.
2. Each Party shall provide that a certification need not be made in a prescribed format,
provided that the certification is in written or electronic form, including but not limited to the
following elements:
(a) the name of the certifying person, including as necessary contact or other
identifying information;
(b) tariff classification under the Harmonized System and a description of the
good;
(e) in the case of a blanket certification issued as set out in paragraph 4(b), the
period that the certification covers.
3. Each Party shall provide that a certification by the producer or exporter of the good
may be completed on the basis of:
(b) multiple shipments of identical goods within any period specified in the written
or electronic certification, not exceeding 12 months from the date of the
certification.
5. Each Party shall provide that a certification shall be valid for four years after the date it
was issued.
6. Each Party shall allow an importer to submit a certification in the language of the
importing Party or the exporting Party. In the latter case, the customs authority of the
importing Party may require the importer to submit a translation of the certification in the
language of the importing Party.
1. Each Party shall grant any claim for preferential tariff treatment made in accordance
with this Chapter, unless the Party issues a written determination that the claim is invalid as a
matter of law or fact.
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2. A Party may deny preferential tariff treatment to a good if the importer fails to comply
with any requirement in this Chapter.
3. Neither Party may subject an importer to any penalty for making an invalid claim for
preferential tariff treatment if the importer:
(a) did not engage in negligence, gross negligence, or fraud in making the claim
and pays any customs duty owing; or
(b) on becoming aware that such a claim is not valid, promptly and voluntarily
corrects the claim and pays any customs duty owing.
4. Each Party may require that an importer who claims preferential tariff treatment for a
good imported into its territory:
(b) have in its possession at the time the declaration referred to in subparagraph (a)
is made, a written or electronic certification as described in Article 4.15, if the
certification forms the basis for the claim;
(c) provide a copy of the certification, on request, to the importing Party’s customs
authority, if the certification forms the basis for the claim;
(d) when the importer has reason to believe that the declaration in subparagraph (a)
is based on inaccurate information, correct the importation document and pay
any customs duty owing;
(e) when a certification by a producer or exporter forms the basis for the claim,
either provide or have in place, at the importer’s option, an arrangement to
have the producer or exporter provide, on request of the importing Party’s
customs authority, all information relied on by such producer or exporter in
making such certification; and
(f) demonstrate, on request of the importing Party’s customs authority, that the
good is originating under Article 4.1, including that the good satisfies the
requirements of Article 4.12.
5. Each Party shall provide that, where a good was originating when it was imported into
its territory, but the importer of the good did not make a claim for preferential tariff treatment
at the time of importation, that importer may, no later than one year after the date of
importation, make a claim for preferential tariff treatment and apply for a refund of any excess
duties paid as the result of the good not having been accorded preferential tariff treatment on
presentation to its customs authority of:
(a) a written declaration, stating that the good was originating at the time of
importation;
(c) such other documentation relating to the importation of the good as its customs
authority may require.
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6. Each Party may provide that the importer is responsible for complying with the
requirements of paragraph 4, notwithstanding that the importer may have based its claim for
preferential tariff treatment on a certification or information that an exporter or producer
provided.
7. Nothing in this Article shall prevent a Party from taking action under Article 3.21
(Customs Cooperation).
(a) the customs value of the importation does not exceed US$1,500 or the
equivalent amount in Panamanian currency, or such higher amount as may be
established by the importing Party, unless the importing Party considers the
importation to be part of a series of importations carried out or planned for the
purpose of evading compliance with the certification requirements; or
(b) it is a good for which the importing Party does not require the importer to
present a certification or information demonstrating origin.
(c) when an exporter or a producer in its territory has provided a certification and
has reason to believe that the certification contains or is based on incorrect
information, the exporter or producer shall promptly notify in writing every
person to whom the exporter or producer provided the certification of any
change that could affect the accuracy or validity of the certification.
1. Each Party shall provide that an exporter or a producer in its territory that provides a
certification in accordance with Article 4.15 shall maintain, for a minimum of five years from
the date the certification was issued, all records and documents necessary to demonstrate that
a good for which the producer or exporter provided a certification was an originating good,
including records and documents concerning:
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(a) the purchase of, cost of, value of, and payment for, the exported good;
(b) the purchase of, cost of, value of, and payment for all materials, including
indirect materials, used in the production of the exported good; and
(c) the production of the good in the form in which it was exported.
2. Each Party shall provide that an importer claiming preferential tariff treatment for a
good imported into the Party’s territory shall maintain, for a minimum of five years from the
date of importation of the good:
(a) in cases where the importer bases its claim on its certification or knowledge
that the good is an originating good, all records and documents necessary to
demonstrate that the good qualified for the preferential tariff treatment; and
(b) in cases where the importer bases its claim on a certification of the exporter or
producer, a copy of the certification that served as the basis for the claim.
1. For purposes of determining whether a good imported into its territory from the
territory of the other Party is an originating good, the importing Party shall ensure that its
customs authority or other competent authority may conduct a verification by means of:
(a) written requests for information from the importer, exporter, or producer;
(c) visits to the premises of an exporter or producer in the territory of the other
Party, to review the records referred to in Article 4.19 or observe the facilities
used in the production of the good, in accordance with the framework that the
Parties develop pursuant to Article 4.21.2;
(d) for a textile or apparel good, the procedures set out in Article 3.21 (Customs
Cooperation); or
(a) the exporter, producer, or importer fails to respond to a written request for
information or questionnaire within a reasonable period, as established in the
importing Party’s law;
(b) after receipt of a written notification for a verification visit to which the Parties
have agreed, the exporter or producer does not provide its written consent
within a reasonable period, as established by the importing Party’s law; or
(c) the Party finds a pattern of conduct indicating that an importer, exporter, or
producer has provided false or unsupported declarations that a good imported
into its territory is an originating good.
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3. A Party conducting a verification shall provide the importer a determination, in
writing, of whether the good is originating. The Party’s determination shall include factual
findings and the legal basis for the determination.
(a) the customs authority of the exporting Party issued an advance ruling regarding
the tariff classification or valuation of one or more materials used in the good
under Article 5.10 (Advance Rulings);
(c) the customs authority issued the advance ruling before the importing Party’s
determination.
1. The Parties shall agree on and publish common guidelines for the interpretation,
application, and administration of this Chapter and the relevant provisions of Chapter Three
(National Treatment and Market Access for Goods) and shall endeavor to do so by the date of
entry into force of this Agreement. The Parties may agree to modify the common guidelines.
for a period of no longer than three years beginning on the date of entry into force of this
Agreement.
adjusted value means the value determined in accordance with Articles 1 through 8, Article
15, and the corresponding interpretative notes of the Customs Valuation Agreement, adjusted,
if necessary, to exclude any costs, charges, or expenses incurred for transportation, insurance,
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and related services incident to the international shipment of the merchandise from the
country of exportation to the place of importation;
class of motor vehicles means any one of the following categories of motor vehicles:
(a) motor vehicles classified under subheading 8701.20, motor vehicles for the
transport of 16 or more persons classified under subheading 8702.10 or
8702.90, and motor vehicles classified under subheading 8704.10, 8704.22,
8704.23, 8704.32, or 8704.90, or heading 87.05 or 87.06;
(c) motor vehicles for the transport of 15 or fewer persons classified under
subheading 8702.10 or 8702.90, and motor vehicles classified under
subheading 8704.21 or 8704.31; or
fungible goods or materials means goods or materials that are interchangeable for
commercial purposes and whose properties are essentially identical;
goods wholly obtained or produced entirely in the territory of one or both of the Parties
means:
(a) plants and plant products harvested or gathered in the territory of one or both of
the Parties;
(b) live animals born and raised in the territory of one or both of the Parties;
(c) goods obtained in the territory of one or both of the Parties from live animals;
(d) goods obtained from hunting, trapping, fishing, or aquaculture conducted in the
territory of one or both of the Parties;
(e) minerals and other natural resource not included in subparagraphs (a) through
(d) extracted or taken from the territory of one or both of the Parties;
(f) fish, shellfish, and other marine life taken from the sea, seabed, or subsoil
outside the territory of one or both of the Parties by vessels registered or
recorded with a Party and flying its flag;
(g) goods produced on board factory ships from the goods referred to in
subparagraph (f), provided such factory ships are registered or recorded with
that Party and fly its flag;
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(h) goods taken by a Party or a person of a Party from the seabed or subsoil outside
territorial waters, provided that a Party has rights to exploit such seabed or
subsoil;
(i) goods taken from outer space, provided they are obtained by a Party or a person
of a Party and not processed in the territory of a non-Party;
(ii) used goods collected in the territory of one or both of the Parties,
provided such goods are fit only for the recovery of raw materials;
(k) recovered goods derived in the territory of one or both of the Parties from used
goods, and utilized in the territory of one or both of the Parties in the
production of remanufactured goods; and
(l) goods produced in the territory of one or both of the Parties exclusively from
goods referred to in subparagraphs (a) through (j), or from their derivatives, at
any stage of production;
identical goods means goods that are the same in all respects relevant to the particular rule of
origin that qualifies the goods as originating;
indirect material means a good used in the production, testing, or inspection of a good but
not physically incorporated into the good, or a good used in the maintenance of buildings or
the operation of equipment associated with the production of a good, including:
(c) spare parts and materials used in the maintenance of equipment and buildings;
(f) equipment, devices, and supplies used for testing or inspecting the good;
(h) any other goods that are not incorporated into the good but whose use in the
production of the good can reasonably be demonstrated to be a part of that
production;
material means a good that is used in the production of another good, including a part or an
ingredient;
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model line means a group of motor vehicles having the same platform or model name;
net cost means total cost minus sales promotion, marketing and after-sales service costs,
royalties, shipping and packing costs, and non-allowable interest costs that are included in the
total cost;
net cost of the good means the net cost that can be reasonably allocated to the good under one
of the following methods:
(a) by calculating the total cost incurred with respect to all goods produced by that
producer, subtracting any sales promotion, marketing and after-sales service
costs, royalties, shipping and packing costs, and non-allowable interest costs
that are included in the total cost of all such goods, and then reasonably
allocating the resulting net cost of those goods to the good;
(b) calculating the total cost incurred with respect to all goods produced by that
producer, reasonably allocating the total cost to the good, and then subtracting
any sales promotion, marketing and after-sales service costs, royalties, shipping
and packing costs, and non-allowable interest costs that are included in the
portion of the total cost allocated to the good; or
(c) reasonably allocating each cost that forms part of the total cost incurred with
respect to the good so that the aggregate of these costs does not include any
sales promotion, marketing and after-sales service costs, royalties, shipping and
packing costs, and non-allowable interest costs,
provided that the allocation of all such costs is consistent with the provisions regarding the
reasonable allocation of costs set out in Generally Accepted Accounting Principles;
non-allowable interest costs means interest costs incurred by a producer that exceed 700
basis points above the yield on debt obligations of comparable maturities issued by the central
level of government of the Party in which the producer is located;
packing materials and containers for shipment means the goods used to protect a good
during its transportation and does not include the packaging materials and containers in which
a good is packaged for retail sale;
producer means a person who engages in the production of a good in the territory of a Party;
recovered goods means materials in the form of individual parts that are the result of: (a) the
disassembly of used goods into individual parts; and (b) cleaning, inspecting, testing, or other
processes as necessary for improvement to sound working condition;
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remanufactured goods means goods classified under Harmonized System Chapter 84, 85,
87, or 90, or heading 94.02, except goods classified under heading 84.18 or 85.16, that:
(b) have a similar life expectancy and enjoy a factory warranty similar to such a
new good;
total cost means all product costs, period costs, and other costs for a good incurred in the
territory of one or both of the Parties;
value means the value of a good or material for purposes of calculating customs duties or for
purposes of applying this Chapter.
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Annex 4.6
(d) a non-originating material classified under heading 09.01 or 21.01, that is used
in the production of a good classified under heading 09.01 or 21.01;
(e) a non-originating material classified under heading 10.06 that is used in the
production of a good classified under heading 11.02 or 11.03 or subheading
1904.90;
(g) a non-originating material classified under heading 17.01 that is used in the
production of a good classified under heading 17.01 through 17.03.
(i) except as provided under subparagraphs (a) through (h) and in the specific
rules of origin under Annex 4.1, a non-originating material used in the
production of a good classified under Chapters 1 through 24 of the Harmonized
System unless the non-originating material is classified under in a different
subheading than the good for which origin is being determined.
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Chapter Five
1. Each Party shall publish, including on the Internet, its customs laws, regulations, and
general administrative procedures.
2. Each Party shall designate or maintain one or more inquiry points to address inquiries
by interested persons concerning customs matters and shall make available on the Internet
information concerning the procedures for making such inquiries.
3. To the extent possible, each Party shall publish in advance any regulations of general
application governing customs matters that it proposes to adopt and provide interested persons
the opportunity to comment prior to their adoption.
1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain simplified customs procedures for the efficient
release of goods in order to facilitate bilateral trade.
(a) provide for the release of goods from customs within a period no greater than
that required to ensure compliance with its customs laws and, to the extent
possible, within 48 hours of the goods’ arrival;
(b) allow goods to be released at the point of arrival, without temporary transfer to
warehouses or other facilities; and
(c) allow importers to withdraw goods from customs before and without prejudice
to the final determination by its customs authority of the applicable customs
duties, taxes, and fees.1
Each Party’s customs authority shall endeavor to use information technology that
expedites procedures for releasing goods from customs. When deciding on the information
technology to be used for this purpose, each Party shall:
(c) provide for electronic submission and processing of information and data
before arrival of the shipment to allow for the release of goods on arrival;
(d) employ electronic or automated systems for risk analysis and targeting;
1
A Party may require an importer to provide sufficient guarantee in the form of a surety, a deposit, or some
other appropriate instrument, covering the ultimate payment of the customs duties, taxes, and fees in connection
with the importation of the good.
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(e) work towards developing electronic systems that are compatible with the other
Party’s systems in order to facilitate government to government exchange of
bilateral trade data; and
(f) work towards developing with the other Party a set of common data elements
and processes in accordance with World Customs Organization (WCO)
Customs Data Model and related WCO recommendations and guidelines.
Each Party shall endeavor to adopt or maintain risk management systems that enable
its customs authority to focus its inspection activities on high-risk goods and that simplify the
clearance and movement of low-risk goods through customs, while respecting the
confidential nature of the information it obtains through such activities.
1. With a view to facilitating the effective operation of this Agreement, each Party shall
endeavor to provide the other Party with advance notice of any significant modification of
administrative policy or other similar development related to its laws or regulations governing
importations that is likely to substantially affect the operation of this Agreement.
2. The Parties shall cooperate in achieving compliance with their respective laws and
regulations pertaining to:
3. Where a Party has a reasonable suspicion of unlawful activity related to its laws or
regulations governing importations, the Party may request the other Party to provide specific
confidential information it normally collects in connection with the importation of goods.
(c) historical evidence that some or all of the persons involved in the movement
from the territory of one Party to the territory of the other Party of goods within
a specific product sector have not complied with a Party’s laws or regulations
governing importations; or
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(d) other information that the Parties agree is sufficient in the context of a
particular request.
5. A Party’s request under paragraph 3 shall be in writing, shall specify the purpose for
which the information is sought, and shall identify the requested information with sufficient
specificity for the other Party to locate and provide the information.
6. The Party from which the information is requested shall, in accordance with its law
and any relevant international agreements to which it is a party, provide a written response
containing the information.
7. Each Party shall endeavor to provide the other Party with any other information that
would assist that Party in determining whether an importer or exporter of that Party is in
compliance with that Party’s laws or regulations governing importations, in particular those
related to the prevention of smuggling and similar infractions.
8. In order to facilitate bilateral trade, each Party shall endeavor to provide the other
Party with technical advice and assistance for the purpose of improving its risk assessment
techniques, simplifying and expediting its customs procedures, advancing the technical skill
of its personnel, and enhancing its use of technologies that can lead to improved compliance
with regard to its laws or regulations governing importations.
1. Where a Party providing information to the other Party in accordance with this
Chapter designates the information as confidential, the other Party shall maintain the
confidentiality of the information. The Party providing the information may require written
assurances from the other Party that the information will be held in confidence, will be used
only for the purposes specified in the other Party’s request for information, and will not be
disclosed without the Party’s specific permission.
2. A Party may decline to provide information requested by the other Party where that
Party has failed to act in conformity with assurances provided under paragraph 1.
Each Party shall adopt or maintain expedited customs procedures for express
shipments while maintaining appropriate customs control and selection. These procedures
shall:
(b) provide for the submission and processing of information necessary for the
release of an express shipment before the express shipment arrives;
(d) to the extent possible, provide for certain goods to be cleared through customs
with a minimum of documentation;
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(e) under normal circumstances, provide for express shipments to be cleared
within six hours after the necessary customs documents have been submitted,
provided the shipment has arrived;
(f) apply without regard to an express shipment’s weight or customs value; and
(g) under normal circumstances, provide that no customs duties or taxes will be
assessed on, nor will formal entry documents be required for, express
shipments valued at US$100 or less.2
Each Party shall ensure that with respect to its determinations on customs matters,
importers in its territory have access to:
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that allow for the imposition of civil or
administrative penalties and, where appropriate, criminal sanctions for violations of its
customs laws and regulations, including those governing tariff classification, customs
valuation, country of origin, and claims for preferential treatment under this Agreement.
1. Each Party, through its customs authority, shall issue, before a good is imported into
its territory, a written advance ruling at the written request of an importer in its territory, or an
exporter or producer in the territory of the other Party with regard to:
(b) the application of customs valuation criteria for a particular case, in accordance
with the application of the provisions set out in the Customs Valuation
Agreement;
(c) the application of duty drawback, deferral, or other relief from customs duties;
(e) whether a good re-entered into the territory of a Party after being exported to
the territory of the other Party for repair or alteration is eligible for duty free
treatment in accordance with Article 3.6 (Goods Re-entered after Repair or
Alteration);
2
Notwithstanding this subparagraph, a Party may require express shipments to be accompanied by an airway
bill or other bill of lading. For greater certainty, a Party may assess customs duties or taxes, and may require
formal entry documents, for restricted goods.
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(h) such other matters as the Parties may agree.
2. Each Party shall provide that its customs authority shall issue an advance ruling within
150 days after a request, provided that the requester has submitted all information that the
Party requires, including, if the authority requests, a sample of the good for which the
requester is seeking an advance ruling. In issuing an advance ruling, the customs authority
shall take into account facts and circumstances the requester has provided.
3. Each Party shall provide that advance rulings shall take effect on the date they are
issued, or on another date specified in the ruling, provided that the facts or circumstances on
which the ruling is based remain unchanged.
4. The issuing Party may modify or revoke an advance ruling after the Party notifies the
requester. The issuing Party may modify or revoke a ruling retroactively only if the ruling
was based on inaccurate or false information.
5. Subject to any confidentiality requirements in its law, each Party shall make its
advance rulings publicly available.
1. Panama shall maintain its existing program of monitoring the importation, exportation,
processing, and manipulation of goods in Panamanian free zones.
2. If the United States has a reasonable suspicion that a good for which an importer in the
United States has made a claim for preferential tariff treatment under another free trade
agreement to which the United States is a party has undergone further processing or
operations in a Panamanian free zone, other than unloading, reloading, or any other operation
necessary to preserve the good in good condition or transport it to the territory of the United
States, then the United States may request in writing that Panama:
(a) make available all records identified in the written request that relate to
whether the good or an identical good, as defined in Article 4.23 (Definitions),
was imported into, exported from, or processed or manipulated in a free zone;
or
(b) conduct a visit to a free zone to verify whether such good was imported into,
exported from, or processed or manipulated in the free zone.
Panama shall promptly grant any such request, except as provided in paragraph 5. In the
written request, the United States shall state that it has a reasonable suspicion as described
above.
3. The United States may request in writing that a U.S. official attend a visit under
paragraph 2(b), and Panama shall grant any such request.3
3
Visits shall be conducted under the authority of Panamanian officials. The attendance of U.S. officials at a
visit shall be limited to the purposes provided in this Article and shall not confer any authority to such officials
within the territory of Panama.
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4. Where Panama conducts a visit that U.S. officials do not attend, Panama shall,
promptly after the conclusion of the visit, report the findings of such visit in writing to the
United States.
5. If Panama denies a written request made under paragraph 2, Panama shall provide a
written explanation for such denial and shall enter into consultations with the United States
within 30 days of the request under paragraph 2 with a view to resolving the matter to the
satisfaction of the Parties. If the Parties are unable to resolve the matter in these
consultations, either Party may refer the matter to the Commission.
6. For greater certainty, nothing in this Article shall require a shipper or exporter of a
good from a Panamanian free zone to the territory of the United States or an importer of a
good from a Panamanian free zone into the territory of the United States to collect, retain, or
report information in addition to the information the United States requires in accordance with
this Agreement or otherwise requires to ensure compliance with U.S. laws or regulations
governing importations of goods.
7. The United States shall treat any information that Panama provides pursuant to
paragraphs 2, 4 and 5 as if Panama has designated it as confidential information, as provided
in Article 5.6.
(a) Articles 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 for a period of no longer than two years;
(b) Articles 5.3 and 5.4 for a period of no longer than three years;
(c) Article 5.7 for a period of no longer than one year; and
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Chapter Six
Objectives
The objectives of this Chapter are to protect human, animal, or plant life or health in
the Parties’ territories, enhance the Parties’ implementation of the SPS Agreement, provide a
forum for addressing sanitary and phytosanitary matters, facilitate the resolution of trade
issues, and thereby expand trade opportunities.
Further to Article 1.3 (Relation to Other Agreements), the Parties affirm their existing
rights and obligations with respect to each other under the SPS Agreement.
1. This Chapter applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures of a Party that may,
directly or indirectly, affect trade between the Parties.
2. Neither Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under this Agreement for any
matter arising under this Chapter.
1. Not later than 30 days after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties
shall establish a Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Matters, comprising
representatives of each Party that have responsibility for sanitary and phytosanitary matters,
as set out in Annex 6.3.
2. The Parties shall establish the Committee through an exchange of letters identifying
the primary representative of each Party to the Committee and establishing the Committee’s
terms of reference.
3. The objectives of the Committee shall be to help each Party implement the SPS
Agreement, assist each Party to protect human, animal, or plant life or health, enhance
consultation and cooperation on sanitary and phytosanitary matters, and facilitate trade
between the Parties.
4. The Committee shall seek to promote communication and otherwise enhance present
or future relationships between the Parties’ agencies and ministries with responsibility for
sanitary and phytosanitary matters.
5. The Committee shall endeavor to ensure that sanitary and phytosanitary matters raised
in the Committee are addressed in a timely manner.
6. The Committee may establish ad hoc working groups in accordance with its terms of
reference.
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(b) consulting on matters related to the development or application of sanitary and
phytosanitary measures that affect, or may affect, trade between the Parties;
(c) reviewing progress on sanitary and phytosanitary matters that may arise
between the Parties’ relevant agencies and ministries with a view to facilitating
trade between the Parties.
(d) consulting on issues, positions, and agendas for meetings of the WTO SPS
Committee, the various Codex committees (including the Codex Alimentarius
Commission), the International Plant Protection Convention, the International
Office of Epizootics, and other international and regional fora on food safety
and human, animal, and plant health;
8. Each Party shall ensure that appropriate representatives with responsibility for the
development, implementation, and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures from
its relevant trade and regulatory agencies or ministries participate in meetings of the
Committee.
9. The Committee shall meet at least once a year unless the Parties otherwise agree.
10. The Committee shall perform its work in accordance with its terms of reference. The
Committee may revise its terms of reference and establish procedures to guide its operation.
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Annex 6.3
(b) In the case of the United States, the Office of the United States Trade Representative,
the Department of State, the Department of Commerce, the Foreign Agricultural
Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food Safety and
Inspection Service of the USDA, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of
the USDA, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration
of the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Department of Homeland
Security,
or their successors.
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Chapter Seven
Objectives
The objectives of this Chapter are to increase and facilitate trade through the
improvement of the implementation of the TBT Agreement, the elimination of unnecessary
technical barriers to trade, and the enhancement of bilateral cooperation.
Further to Article 1.3 (Relation to Other Agreements), the Parties affirm their existing
rights and obligations with respect to each other under the TBT Agreement.
1. This Chapter applies to all standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessment
procedures of the Parties’ central government bodies that may, directly or indirectly, affect
trade in goods between the Parties.1
1. The Parties shall intensify their joint work in the field of standards, technical
regulations, and conformity assessment procedures with a view to facilitating trade between
the Parties. In particular, the Parties shall seek to identify trade facilitating initiatives
regarding standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessment procedures that are
appropriate for particular issues or sectors. Such initiatives may include cooperation on
regulatory issues, such as convergence, alignment with international standards, reliance on a
supplier’s declaration of conformity, and use of accreditation to qualify conformity
assessment bodies.
2. On request of a Party, the other Party shall give favorable consideration to any sector-
specific proposal the requesting Party makes for further cooperation under this Chapter.
1
For greater certainty, the Parties understand that any reference in this Chapter to a standard, technical
regulation, or conformity assessment procedure includes those related to metrology.
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Article 7.5: Conformity Assessment
1. The Parties recognize that a broad range of mechanisms exists to facilitate the
acceptance in a Party’s territory of the results of conformity assessment procedures conducted
in the other Party’s territory. For example:
(b) a conformity assessment body located in the territory of a Party may enter into
a voluntary arrangement with a conformity assessment body located in the
territory of the other Party to accept the results of each other’s assessment
procedures;
(c) a Party may agree with the other Party to accept the results of conformity
assessment procedures that bodies located in the other Party’s territory conduct
with respect to specific technical regulations;
(e) a Party may designate conformity assessment bodies located in the territory of
the other Party; and
The Parties shall intensify their exchange of information on these and other similar
mechanisms.
2. Where a Party does not accept the results of a conformity assessment procedure
conducted in the territory of the other Party, it shall, on request of the other Party, explain its
reasons.
4. Where a Party declines a request from the other Party to engage in negotiations or
conclude an agreement on facilitating recognition in its territory of the results of conformity
assessment procedures conducted by bodies in the other Party’s territory, it shall, on request
of the other Party, explain the reasons for its decision.
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2. Where a Party does not provide that foreign technical regulations may be accepted as
equivalent to its own, it may, at the request of the other Party, explain its reasons for not
accepting the other Party’s technical regulations as equivalent.
1. Each Party shall allow persons of the other Party to participate in the development of
its standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessment procedures. Each Party shall
permit persons of the other Party to participate in the development of such measures on terms
no less favorable than those accorded to its own persons.
(a) include in the notice a statement describing the objective of the proposed
technical regulation or conformity assessment procedure and the rationale for
the approach the Party is proposing; and
(b) transmit the proposal electronically to the other Party through the inquiry
points each Party has established under Article 10 of the TBT Agreement at the
same time as it notifies WTO Members of the proposal pursuant to the TBT
Agreement.
Each Party should allow at least 60 days after it transmits a proposal under subparagraph (b)
for persons and the other Party to make comments in writing on the proposal.
4. Each Party shall publish or otherwise make available to the public, in print or
electronically, its responses to significant comments it receives from persons or the other
Party under paragraph 3 no later than the date it publishes the final technical regulation or
conformity assessment procedure.
5. Where a Party makes a notification under Article 2.10 or 5.7 of the TBT Agreement, it
shall at the same time transmit the notification electronically to the other Party through the
inquiry points referenced in paragraph 3(b).
6. Each Party shall, on request of the other Party, provide information regarding the
objective of, and rationale for, a standard, technical regulation, or conformity assessment
procedure that the Party has adopted or is proposing to adopt.
7. Where a Party detains at a port of entry a good originating in the territory of the other
Party due to a perceived failure to comply with a technical regulation, it shall immediately
notify the importer of the reasons for the detention.
8. Each Party shall implement this Article as soon as is practicable and in no event later
than five years from the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
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(a) monitoring the implementation and administration of this Chapter;
(b) promptly addressing any issue that a Party raises related to the development,
adoption, application, or enforcement of standards, technical regulations, or
conformity assessment procedures;
(f) at a Party’s request, consulting on any matter arising under this Chapter;
(g) at a Party’s request, consulting on any matter arising under the TBT
Agreement;
(h) reviewing this Chapter in light of any developments under the TBT
Agreement, and developing recommendations for amendments to this Chapter
in light of those developments;
(i) taking any other steps the Parties consider will assist them in implementing the
TBT Agreement and in facilitating trade; and
3. Where the Parties have had recourse to consultations under paragraph 2(f), such
consultations shall, on the agreement of the Parties, constitute consultations under Article 20.4
(Consultations).
4. The Committee shall meet at least once a year unless the Parties otherwise agree.
7-4
central government body, conformity assessment procedures, standard, and technical
regulation shall have the meanings assigned to those terms in Annex 1 of the TBT
Agreement; and
7-5
Annex 7.8
(b) in the case of the United States, the Office of the United States Trade
Representative,
or their successors.
7-6
Chapter Eight
Trade Remedies
Section A: Safeguards
1. A Party may apply a measure described in paragraph 2, during the transition period
only, if as a result of the reduction or elimination of a duty pursuant to this Agreement, an
originating good is being imported into the Party’s territory in such increased quantities, in
absolute terms or relative to domestic production, and under such conditions as to constitute a
substantial cause of serious injury, or threat thereof, to a domestic industry producing a like or
directly competitive good.
2. If the conditions in paragraph 1 are met, a Party may to the extent necessary to prevent
or remedy serious injury, or threat thereof, and facilitate adjustment:
(a) suspend the further reduction of any rate of duty provided for under this
Agreement on the good; or
(b) increase the rate of duty on the good to a level not to exceed the lesser of
(i) the most-favored-nation (MFN) applied rate of duty in effect at the time
the measure is applied, and
(ii) the MFN applied rate of duty in effect on the day immediately
preceding the date of entry into force of this Agreement.1
1. A Party may apply a safeguard measure, including any extension thereof, for no longer
than four years. Regardless of its duration, such measure shall terminate at the end of the
transition period.
2. Subject to paragraph 1, a Party may extend the period of a safeguard measure if the
competent investigating authority determines, in conformity with the procedures set out in
Article 8.3, that the measure continues to be necessary to prevent or remedy serious injury and
to facilitate adjustment and that there is evidence that the domestic industry is adjusting.
4. A Party may not apply a safeguard measure more than once on the same good.
5. On the termination of a safeguard measure, the rate of duty shall be no higher than the
rate that, according to the Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3 (Tariff Elimination), would have
been in effect one year after the imposition of the measure. Beginning on January 1 of the
year following the termination of the measure, the Party that has applied the measure shall:
(a) apply the rate of duty set out in the Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3 (Tariff
Elimination) as if the safeguard measure had never been applied; or
1
The Parties understand that neither tariff rate quotas nor quantitative restrictions would be a permissible form
of safeguard measure.
8-1
(b) eliminate the tariff in equal annual stages ending on the date set out in the
Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3 (Tariff Elimination) for the elimination of the
tariff.
1. Each Party shall ensure the consistent, impartial, and reasonable administration of its
laws, regulations, decisions, and rulings governing safeguard proceedings under this Chapter.
2. A Party shall provide to the other Party a copy of the public version of the report of its
competent investigating authority required under Article 8.3.3.
1. A Party applying a safeguard measure shall, after consultations with the other Party,
provide to the other Party mutually agreed trade liberalizing compensation in the form of
concessions having substantially equivalent trade effects or equivalent to the value of the
additional duties expected to result from the measure. The Party shall provide an opportunity
for such consultations no later than 30 days after the application of the safeguard measure.
8-2
3. A Party shall notify the Party applying the safeguard measure in writing at least 30
days before suspending concessions under paragraph 2.
4. The obligation to provide compensation under paragraph 1 and the right to suspend
concessions under paragraph 2 shall terminate on the later of:
(b) the date on which the rate of duty returns to the rate of duty set out in the
Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3 (Tariff Elimination).
1. Each Party retains its rights and obligations under Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and
the Safeguards Agreement.
2. This Agreement does not confer any additional rights or obligations on the Parties
with regard to actions taken pursuant to Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the Safeguards
Agreement, except that a Party taking such an action may exclude imports of an originating
good of the other Party if such imports are not a substantial cause of serious injury or threat
thereof.
3. Neither Party may apply, with respect to the same good, at the same time:
(b) a measure under Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the Safeguards
Agreement.
domestic industry means, with respect to an imported good, the producers as a whole of the
like or directly competitive good or those producers whose collective production of the like or
directly competitive good constitutes a major proportion of the total domestic production of
such good;
serious injury means a significant overall impairment in the position of a domestic industry;
substantial cause means a cause which is important and not less than any other cause;
threat of serious injury means serious injury that, on the basis of facts and not merely on
allegation, conjecture, or remote possibility, is clearly imminent; and
transition period means the ten-year period beginning on the date of entry into force of this
Agreement, except that for any good for which the Schedule to Annex 3.3 (Tariff
Elimination) of the Party applying the measure provides for the Party to eliminate its tariffs on
the good over a period of more than ten years, transition period means the tariff elimination
period for the good set out in that Schedule.
8-3
Section B: Antidumping and Countervailing Duties
1. The United States shall continue to treat Panama as a “beneficiary country” for
purposes of 19 U.S.C. §§ 1677(7)(G)(ii)(III) and 1677(7)(H) and any successor provisions.
Neither Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under this Agreement for any matter
arising under this paragraph.
3. Each Party retains its rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement with regard to
the application of antidumping and countervailing duties.
8-4
Annex 8.7
Country-Specific Definitions
(b) in the case of the United States, the U.S. International Trade Commission,
or their successors.
8-5
Chapter Nine
Government Procurement
1. This Chapter applies to any measure, including any act or guideline, of a Party
regarding covered procurement.
(a) by any contractual means, including purchase, rental, or lease, with or without
an option to buy, build-operate-transfer contracts, and public works concession
contracts;
(e) any good or service component of any contract that a procuring entity that is
not listed in Sections A through C of Annex 9.1 awards; and
9-1
(f) purchases made under exceptionally advantageous conditions that only arise in
the very short term, such as unusual disposals by companies that normally are
not suppliers, or disposals of assets of businesses in liquidation or receivership.
5. Each Party shall ensure that its procuring entities comply with this Chapter in
conducting any covered procurement.
6. Where a procuring entity awards a contract in a procurement that is not covered by this
Chapter, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to cover any good or service component of
that contract.
8. Nothing in this Chapter shall prevent a Party from developing new procurement
policies, procedures, or contractual means, provided they are not inconsistent with this
Chapter.
1. With respect to any measure covered by this Chapter, each Party shall accord to the
goods and services of the other Party, and to the suppliers of the other Party offering such
goods and services, treatment no less favorable than the most favorable treatment the Party or
procuring entity accords to its own goods, services, and suppliers.
(a) treat a locally established supplier less favorably than another locally
established supplier on the basis of degree of foreign affiliation or ownership;
or
(b) discriminate against a locally established supplier on the basis that the goods or
services offered by that supplier for a particular procurement are goods or
services of the other Party.
3. Each Party shall apply to covered procurement of goods the rules of origin that it
applies in the normal course of trade to those goods.
4. With respect to covered procurement, a procuring entity shall not seek, take account
of, or impose offsets in any stage of a procurement.
(a) publish any law or regulation, and any modification thereof, relating to
procurement;
9-2
ruling of general application, relating to procurement; and
(c) on request of the other Party, provide to that Party a copy of a procedure,
judicial decision, or administrative ruling of general application, relating to
procurement.
1. Subject to Article 9.9.2, a procuring entity shall publish in advance a notice inviting
interested suppliers to submit tenders for each covered procurement.
2. The information in each such notice shall include, at a minimum, an indication that the
procurement is covered by this Chapter, a description of the intended procurement, any
conditions that suppliers must fulfill to participate in the procurement, the name of the
procuring entity, the address where all documents relating to the procurement may be
obtained, if applicable, any sum payable for the tender documentation, the time limits and
address for submission of tenders, and the time for delivery of the goods or services being
procured.
3. Each Party shall encourage its procuring entities to publish information regarding their
future procurement plans as early as possible in each Party’s fiscal year.
1. A procuring entity shall provide suppliers sufficient time to prepare and submit
responsive tenders, taking into account the nature and complexity of the procurement. In no
case shall a procuring entity provide less than 40 days from the date of publication of a notice
of intended procurement to the final date for submission of tenders.
(a) where the procuring entity published a separate notice containing a description
of the procurement, the approximate time limits for the submission of tenders
or, where appropriate, conditions for participation in a procurement, and the
address from which documents relating to the procurement may be obtained, at
least 40 days and not more than 12 months before the final date for the
submission of tenders;
(b) where an entity procures commercial goods and services that are sold or
offered for sale to, and customarily purchased and used by, non-governmental
buyers for non-governmental purposes; or
(c) where an unforeseen state of urgency that is duly substantiated by the procuring
entity renders impracticable the time provided in paragraph 1.
9-3
2. A procuring entity may satisfy paragraph 1 by publishing the documentation by
electronic means accessible to all interested suppliers. Where a procuring entity does not
publish tender documentation by electronic means accessible to all interested suppliers, the
entity shall, on request of any supplier, promptly make the documentation available in written
form to the supplier.
3. Where a procuring entity, in the course of a procurement, modifies the criteria referred
to in paragraph 1, it shall transmit all such modifications in writing:
(a) to all suppliers that are participating in the procurement at the time the criteria
are modified, if the identities of such suppliers are known, and in cases where
the identities of suppliers participating are not known, in the same manner as
the original information was transmitted; and
(b) in adequate time to allow the suppliers to modify and re-submit their tenders,
as appropriate.
1. A procuring entity shall not prepare, adopt, or apply any technical specification with
the purpose or the effect of creating unnecessary obstacles to trade between the Parties.
3. A procuring entity shall not prescribe technical specifications that require or refer to a
particular trademark or trade name, patent, design or type, specific origin or producer or
supplier, unless there is no other sufficiently precise or intelligible way of describing the
procurement requirements and provided that, in such cases, words such as “or equivalent” are
included in the tender documentation.
4. A procuring entity shall not seek or accept, in a manner that would have the effect of
precluding competition, advice that may be used in the preparation or adoption of any
technical specification for a specific procurement from a person that may have a commercial
interest in that procurement.
5. For greater certainty, this Article is not intended to preclude a procuring entity from
preparing, adopting, or applying technical specifications:
9-4
Article 9.8: Requirements and Conditions for Participating in Procurement
(a) limit any conditions for participation in a procurement to those that are
essential to ensure that the supplier has the legal, technical, and financial
abilities to fulfill the requirements and technical specifications of the
procurement;
(b) recognize as qualified all suppliers of the other Party that have met the
requisite conditions for participation; and
(c) base qualification determinations solely on the conditions for participation that
have been specified in advance in notices or tender documentation.
5. A procuring entity shall promptly communicate to any supplier that has applied for
qualification its decision on whether that supplier is qualified. Where a procuring entity
rejects an application for qualification or ceases to recognize a supplier as qualified, that entity
shall, on request of the supplier, promptly provide a written explanation of the reasons for its
action.
6. Nothing in this Article shall preclude a procuring entity from prohibiting a supplier
from participating in a procurement on grounds such as bankruptcy or false declarations.
2. Provided that the tendering procedure is not used to avoid competition or to protect
9-5
domestic suppliers, a procuring entity may award contracts by means other than an open
tendering procedure in the following circumstances:
(a) in the absence of tenders that conform to the essential requirements in the
tender documentation provided in a prior notice of intended procurement or
invitation to participate, including any conditions for participation, provided
that the requirements of the initial notice or invitation are not substantially
modified;
(b) where, for works of art, or for reasons connected with the protection of
exclusive intellectual property rights, such as patents or copyrights, or
proprietary information, or where there is an absence of competition for
technical reasons, the goods or services can be supplied only by a particular
supplier and no reasonable alternative or substitute exists;
(c) for additional deliveries by the original supplier that are intended either as
replacement parts, extensions, or continuing services for existing equipment,
software, services, or installations, where a change of supplier would compel
the entity to procure goods or services not meeting requirements of
interchangeability with existing equipment, software, services, or installations;
(e) where a procuring entity procures a prototype or a first good or service that is
developed at its request in the course of, and for, a particular contract for
research, experiment, study, or original development. When such contracts
have been fulfilled, subsequent procurements of goods or services shall be
subject to this Chapter;
(f) where additional construction services that were not included in the initial
contract but that were within the objectives of the original tender
documentation have, due to unforeseeable circumstances, become necessary to
complete the construction services described therein. However, the total value
of contracts awarded for additional construction services may not exceed 50
percent of the amount of the initial contract; or
(g) in so far as is strictly necessary where, for reasons of urgency brought about by
events unforeseeable by the procuring entity, the goods or services could not be
obtained in time by means of an open tendering procedure and the use of an
open tendering procedure would result in serious injury to the procuring entity,
the entity’s program responsibilities, or the Party.
3. A procuring entity shall maintain records or prepare written reports providing specific
justification for any contract awarded under paragraph 2, in a manner consistent with Article
9.11.3.
1. A procuring entity shall require that, in order to be considered for award, a tender must
be submitted in writing and must, at the time it is submitted, conform to the essential
requirements of the tender documentation that the procuring entity provided in advance to all
participating suppliers, and be from a supplier that has complied with any conditions for
participation that the procuring entity has communicated in advance to all participating
suppliers.
9-6
2. Unless a procuring entity determines that it is not in the public interest to award a
contract, the procuring entity shall award the contract to a supplier that the procuring entity
has determined to be fully capable of undertaking the contract and whose tender is determined
to be the most advantageous in terms of the requirements and evaluation criteria set out in the
tender documentation.
(e) where the entity did not use an open tendering procedure, an indication of the
circumstances justifying the procedure used.
3. A procuring entity shall maintain records and reports relating to tendering procedures
and contract awards in covered procurement, including the records and reports provided for in
Article 9.9.3, for at least three years after the date a contract is awarded.
1. A Party, its procuring entities, and its review authorities shall not disclose confidential
information the disclosure of which would prejudice legitimate commercial interests of a
particular person or might prejudice fair competition between suppliers, without the formal
authorization of the person that provided the information to the Party.
2. Nothing in this Chapter shall prevent a Party or its procuring entities from withholding
the release of information where release might:
9-7
Article 9.13: Ensuring Integrity in Procurement Practices
Further to Article 18.8 (Anti-Corruption Measures), each Party shall adopt or maintain
procedures to declare ineligible for participation in the Party’s procurements, either
indefinitely or for a specified time, suppliers that the Party has determined to have engaged in
fraudulent or other illegal actions in relation to procurement. On request of the other Party, a
Party shall identify the suppliers determined to be ineligible under these procedures, and,
where appropriate, exchange information regarding those suppliers or the fraudulent or illegal
action.
1. Provided that such measures are not applied in a manner that would constitute a means
of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between the Parties where the same conditions
prevail or a disguised restriction on trade between the Parties, nothing in this Chapter shall be
construed to prevent a Party from adopting or maintaining measures:
2. The Parties understand that paragraph 1(b) includes environmental measures necessary
to protect human, animal, or plant life or health.
1. Each Party shall establish or designate at least one impartial administrative or judicial
authority, which shall be independent from its procuring entities, to receive and review
challenges that suppliers submit relating to the obligations of the Party and its entities under
this Chapter and to make appropriate findings and recommendations. In the event that a body
other than such an impartial authority initially reviews a supplier’s challenge, the Party shall
ensure that the supplier may appeal the initial decision to an impartial administrative or
judicial authority that is independent from the procuring entity that is the subject of the
challenge.
2. Each Party shall provide that an authority established or designated under paragraph 1
may take prompt interim measures, pending the resolution of a challenge, to preserve the
opportunity to correct potential breaches of this Chapter, including the suspension of the
award of a contract or the performance of a contract already awarded.
3. Each Party shall ensure that its review procedures are publicly available in writing, and
are timely, transparent, effective, and consistent with the principle of due process.
4. Each Party shall ensure that all documents related to a challenge to a procurement are
available to any impartial authority established or designated under paragraph 1.
6. Each Party shall ensure that an impartial authority it establishes or designates under
9-8
paragraph 1 provides to suppliers the following:
(a) a sufficient period to prepare and submit written challenges, which in no case
shall be less than ten days from the time when the basis of the complaint
became known or reasonably should have become known to the supplier;
(d) prompt delivery in writing of its findings and recommendations relating to the
challenge, with an explanation of the grounds for each decision.
7. Each Party shall ensure that a supplier’s submission of a challenge does not prejudice
the supplier’s participation in ongoing or future procurements.
1. A Party may make technical rectifications of a purely formal nature to its coverage
under this Chapter, or minor amendments to its Schedules to Section A through C of Annex
9.1, provided that it notifies the other Party in writing and the other Party does not object in
writing within 30 days after the notification. A Party that makes such a rectification or minor
amendment shall not be required to provide compensatory adjustments to the other Party.
2. A Party may modify its coverage under this Chapter provided that it:
(a) notifies the other Party in writing and the other Party does not object in writing
within 30 days after the notification; and
(b) except as provided in paragraph 3, offers within 30 days after notifying the
other Party acceptable compensatory adjustments to that Party to maintain a
level of coverage comparable to that existing before the modification.
3. A Party need not provide compensatory adjustments in those circumstances where the
proposed modification covers one or more procuring entities on which the Parties agree that
government control or influence has been effectively eliminated. Where the Parties do not
agree that such government control or influence has been effectively eliminated, the objecting
Party may request further information or consultations with a view to clarifying the nature of
any government control or influence and reaching agreement on the procuring entity’s
continued coverage under this Chapter.
4. The Commission shall modify the relevant section of Annex 9.1 to reflect any agreed
modification, technical rectification, or minor amendment.
9-9
procuring entity grants to the supplier, for a specified period, temporary ownership, if the
Party permits such ownership, or a right to control and operate, and demand payment for the
use of, such works for the duration of the contract;
in writing or written means any worded or numbered expression that can be read,
reproduced, and later communicated, and includes electronically transmitted and stored
information;
open tendering procedure means any type of procurement method of a Party, except direct
purchasing methods as specified in Article 9.9.2, provided these methods are consistent with
this Chapter;
supplier means a person that has provided, provides, or could provide goods or services to a
procuring entity; and
technical specification means a specification that sets out the characteristics of goods to be
procured or their related processes and production methods, or the characteristics of services
to be procured or their related operating methods, including the applicable administrative
provisions, and requirements relating to conformity assessment procedures that an entity
prescribes. A technical specification may also include or deal exclusively with terminology,
symbols, packaging, or marking or labeling requirements, as they apply to a good, process,
service, or production or operating method.
9-10
Annex 9.1
Government Procurement
1. This Chapter applies to the entities of the central level of government listed in each
Party’s Schedule to this Section where the value of the procurement is estimated, in
accordance with paragraph 1 of Section I, to equal or exceed:
The monetary thresholds set out in this paragraph shall be adjusted in accordance with Section
I of this Annex.
2. Unless otherwise specified herein, this Chapter covers all agencies subordinate to the
entities listed in each Party’s Schedule in this Section.
Schedule of Panama
1. Asamblea Legislativa
2. Contraloría General de la República
3. Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias
4. Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario (Note 1)
5. Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas
6. Ministerio de Educación (Note 2)
7. Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia (Note 3)
8. Ministerio de Desarrollo Social
9. Ministerio de Obras Públicas
10. Ministerio de la Presidencia (Notes 3 and 4)
11. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores
12. Ministerio de Salud (Note 5)
13. Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Laboral
14. Ministerio de Vivienda
15. Ministerio Público (Note 6)
16. Órgano Judicial
1. Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario: This Chapter does not cover the procurement
of agricultural products linked to agricultural development and support and food aid
programs.
2. Ministerio de Educación: This Chapter does not cover the procurement of goods
classified under Divisions of the United Nations Central Product Classification 1.0 (CPC
version 1.0) listed below:
Annex 9.1-1
28 Knitted or crocheted fabrics; wearing apparel
29 Leather and leather products; footwear.
(a) goods classified under the following Divisions and Groups of the CPC version
1.0:
4. Ministerio de la Presidencia: This Chapter does not cover the procurement of goods
and services by, or on behalf of the Secretaria del Consejo de Seguridad Pública, the Defensa
Nacional, or the Fondo de Inversión Social.
6. Ministerio Público: This Chapter does not cover the procurement of goods and
services listed below by or on behalf of the Policía Técnica Judicial:
(a) goods classified under the following Divisions and Groups of the CPC version
1.0:
Annex 9.1-2
491 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; parts and accessories thereof;
and
7. This Chapter does not cover procurement for the issuance of currency, coinage, tax or
postage stamps.
Annex 9.1-3
48. Holocaust Memorial Council
49. Inter-American Foundation
50. Merit Systems Protection Board
51. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
52. National Archives and Records Administration
53. National Capital Planning Commission
54. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
55. National Council on Disability
56. National Credit Union Administration
57. National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities
58. National Labor Relations Board
59. National Mediation Board
60. National Science Foundation
61. National Transportation Safety Board
62. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
63. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
64. Office of Government Ethics
65. Office of the Nuclear Waste Negotiator
66. Office of Personnel Management
67. Office of Special Counsel
68. Office of Thrift Supervision
69. Overseas Private Investment Corporation
70. Peace Corps
71. Railroad Retirement Board
72. Securities and Exchange Commission
73. Selective Service System
74. Small Business Administration
75. Smithsonian Institution
76. Susquehanna River Basin Commission
77. United States Agency for International Development (Note 8)
78. United States International Trade Commission
2. Department of Commerce: This Chapter does not cover shipbuilding activities of the
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
3. Department of Defense:
(a) This Chapter does not cover the procurement of the goods listed below (for
complete listing of U.S. Federal Supply Classification, see
http://www.fedbizopps.gov/classCodes1.html):
Annex 9.1-4
FSC 2350 Combat, Assault & Tactical Vehicles, Tracked
FSC 5l Hand Tools
FSC 52 Measuring Tools
FSC 60 Fiber Optics Materials, Components, Assemblies, and
Accessories
FSC 8140 Ammunition & Nuclear Ordnance Boxes, Packages &
Special Containers
FSC 83 Textiles, Leather, Furs, Apparel, Shoes, Tents, and Flags
(all elements other than pins, needles, sewing kits,
flagstaffs, flagpoles and flagstaff trucks)
FSC 84 Clothing, Individual Equipment, and Insignia (all
elements other than sub-class 8460 - luggage)
FSC 89 Subsistence (all elements other than sub-class 8975-
tobacco products)
(b) The goods in the following FSC categories are not generally covered by this
Chapter due to application of Article 21.2 (Essential Security):
FSC 10 Weapons
FSC 12 Fire Control Equipment
FSC 13 Ammunitions and Explosives
FSC 14 Guided Missiles
FSC 15 Aircraft and Airframe Structural Components
FSC 16 Aircraft Components and Accessories
FSC 17 Aircraft Launching, Landing, and Ground Handling
Equipment
FSC 19 Ships, Small Craft, Pontoons, and Floating Docks
FSC 20 Ship and Marine Equipment
FSC 28 Engines, Turbines, and Components
FSC 31 Bearings
FSC 58 Communications, Detection, and Coherent Radiation
FSC 59 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Components
FSC 95 Metal Bars, Sheets, and Shapes
4. Department of Energy: This Chapter does not cover national security procurements
made in support of safeguarding nuclear materials or technology and entered into under the
authority of the Atomic Energy Act, or oil purchases related to the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve.
(a) This Chapter does not cover procurement by the Transportation Security
Administration.
Annex 9.1-5
(b) The national security considerations applicable to the Department of Defense
are equally applicable to the U.S. Coast Guard.
7. General Services Administration: This Chapter does not cover procurement of the
goods in the following FSC categories:
1. This Chapter applies to the entities of the sub-central level of government listed in
each Party’s Schedule to this Section where the value of the procurement is estimated, in
accordance with paragraph 1 of Section I, to equal or exceed:
The monetary thresholds set out in this paragraph shall be adjusted in accordance with Section
I of this Annex.
2. Within two years after the entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall consider
and, if appropriate, address any issues that have arisen with regard to the implementation of
the denial of benefits provisions in each Party’s Schedule to this Section.
3. For a period of one year following the entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties
shall continue to consult with their respective sub-central entities with a view to obtaining
commitments from such entities, on a voluntary and reciprocal basis, to cover their
procurement under this Chapter.
(a) participating state means a state listed in the Schedule of the United States;
(b) participating unit means a sub-central government unit listed in the Schedule
of Panama; and
Schedule of Panama
Province District
Coclé Aguadulce
Annex 9.1-6
Antón
La Pintada
Natá
Olá
Penonomé
Colón Colón
Chagres
Donoso
Portobelo
Santa Isabel
Chiriquí Alanje
Barú
Boquerón
Boquete
Bugaba
David
Dolega
Gualaca
Remedios
Renacimiento
San Lorenzo
Tolé
San Félix
Darién Chepigana
Pinogana
Herrera Chitré
Las Minas
Los Pozos
Ocú
Parita
Pesé
Santa María
Panamá Arraiján
Balboa
Capira
Chame
Chepo
Chimán
La Chorrera
Panamá
San Carlos
San Miguelito
Taboga
Annex 9.1-7
Veraguas Atalaya
Calobre
Cañazas
La Mesa
Las Palmas
Montijo
Río De Jesús
San Francisco
Santa Fé
Santiago
Soná
Mariato
Bugle Kankintú
Besiko
Mirono
Kusapin
Muna
Nole Duima
1. A participating unit may deny the benefits of this Section to a supplier of the United
States unless the supplier meets one or more of the conditions set out in subparagraphs (a)
through (c).
Annex 9.1-8
to be substantially performed in a participating states or states if the
performance of the service in the participating state or states accounts
for 51 percent or more of the value of the service.
Arkansas
Executive branch agencies, including universities
This Chapter does not cover procurement by the Office of Fish and Game or construction
services.
Colorado
Executive branch agencies
Florida*
Executive branch agencies
Illinois*
Department of Central Management Services
Mississippi
Department of Finance and Administration
For the entity listed for Mississippi, this Chapter does not cover the procurement of services.
New York*
State agencies
State university system
Public authorities and public benefit corporations
1. For the entities listed for New York, this Chapter does not cover public authorities and
public benefit corporations with multi-state mandates.
2. For the entities listed for New York, this Chapter does not cover the procurement of
transit cars, buses, or related equipment.
Puerto Rico
Department of State
Department of Justice
Department of the Treasury
Department of Economic Development and Commerce
Department of Labor and Human Resources
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
Department of Consumer Affairs
Department of Sports and Recreation
Annex 9.1-9
For the entities listed for Puerto Rico, this Chapter does not cover the procurement of
construction services.
Texas
Texas Building and Procurement Commission
For the entity listed for Texas, this Chapter does not apply to preferences for: (1) motor
vehicles; (2) travel agents located in Texas; or (3) rubberized asphalt paving made from scrap
tires by a Texas facility.
Utah
Executive branch agencies
1. For the states marked by an asterisk (*), indicating pre-existing restrictions, this
Chapter does not cover the procurement of construction-grade steel (including requirements
on subcontracts), motor vehicles, or coal.
2. This Chapter does not apply to preferences or restrictions associated with programs
promoting the development of distressed areas, or businesses owned by minorities, disabled
veterans, or women.
3. Nothing in this Annex shall be construed to prevent any state entity from applying
restrictions that promote the general environmental quality in that state, as long as such
restrictions are not disguised barriers to international trade.
4 This Chapter does not cover any procurement made by a covered entity on behalf of
non-covered entities at a different level of government.
5. This Chapter does not apply to restrictions attached to Federal funds for mass transit
and highway projects.
7. A procuring entity of a participating state may deny the benefits of this Section to a
supplier of Panama unless the supplier meets one or more of the conditions set out in
subparagraphs (a) through (c).
Annex 9.1-10
participating unit or is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by an
enterprise with a principal place of business in a participating unit; or
The supplier is offering to supply construction services, and the supplier has a
principal place of business in a participating unit or is directly or indirectly
owned or controlled by an enterprise with a principal place of business in a
participating unit.
1. This Chapter applies to the other covered entities listed in each Party’s Schedule to
this Section where the value of the procurement is estimated, in accordance with paragraph 1
of Section I, to equal or exceed:
(b) for procurement of construction services for List A and List B entities:
US$7,407,000.
The monetary thresholds set out in subparagraphs (a)(ii) and (b) shall be adjusted in
accordance with Section I of this Annex.
2. Unless otherwise specified, this Chapter covers all agencies subordinate to the entities
listed in each Party’s Schedule.
Schedule of Panama
List A:
1. Autoridad de Aeronáutica Civil
2. Autoridad de la Micro Pequeña y Mediana Empresa
3. Autoridad del Tránsito y Transporte Terrestre (Note 1)
4. Autoridad Marítima de Panamá
5. Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente
6. Banco de Desarrollo Agropecuario
7. Bingos Nacionales
8. Autoridad de Protección al Consumidor y Defensa de la Competencia
Annex 9.1-11
9. Comisión Nacional de Valores
10. Defensoría del Pueblo
11. Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios Públicos
12. Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria
13. Instituto de Mercadeo Agropecuario
14. Instituto de Seguro Agropecuario
15. Instituto Nacional de Cultura
16. Instituto Nacional de Deportes
17. Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional y Capacitación para el Desarrollo
Humano
18. Instituto Panameño Autónomo Cooperativo
19. Instituto Panameño de Habilitación Especial
20. Instituto Panameño de Turismo
21. Instituto para la Formación y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Humanos
22. Registro Público de Panamá
23. Sistema de Ahorro y Capitalización de Pensiones (SIACAP)
24. Superintendencia de Bancos
25. Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí
26. Universidad Especializada de las Américas
27. Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá
28. Zona Libre de Colón
29. Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica
30. Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Nacionales
1. Autoridad del Tránsito y Transporte Terrestre: This Chapter does not cover: the
procurement of license plates or registration stickers for motor vehicles and bicycles.
List A:
1. Tennessee Valley Authority
2. Bonneville Power Administration
3. Western Area Power Administration
4. Southeastern Power Administration
5. Southwestern Power Administration
6. St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation
List B:
Rural Utilities Service (Note 1)
For greater certainty, this Chapter does not apply to any other aspect of procurement by the
Rural Utilities Service, including any restrictions the Rural Utilities Service places on
financing for telecommunications projects.
2. With respect to procurement by entities listed in this Section, this Chapter does not
apply to restrictions attached to Federal funds for airport projects.
Annex 9.1-12
Section D: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
This Chapter applies to procurements by the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá where
the value of the procurement is estimated, in accordance with Section I of this Annex, to equal
or exceed:
The monetary thresholds set out in this paragraph shall be adjusted in accordance with Section
I of this Annex.
Unless otherwise specified in this Section, this Chapter covers all agencies subordinate to this
entity.
1. This Chapter does not apply to procurement measures of the Autoridad del Canal de
Panamá designed to promote micro, small, and medium enterprises (as defined in Section H
of this Annex), in accordance with the following:
(a) The Autoridad del Canal de Panamá may award Panamanian micro, small, and
medium enterprises a price preference that shall not exceed ten percent;
(b) Further to Article 9.3, Panama shall notify the United States of the
establishment of any price preference program established in accordance with
subparagraph (a); and
(c) Any price preference shall be clearly described in the notice of intended
procurement or notice inviting suppliers to participate in the procurement and
relevant tender documentation.
2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter, for each of the 12 full fiscal
years following the entry into force of this Agreement, the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
may, at its discretion, set aside from the obligations of this Chapter procurement contracts for
goods, services, and construction services for Panamanian nationals or suppliers owned and
controlled by Panamanian nationals, provided that in each such fiscal year:
(a) the total value of the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá’s procurement exceeds
US$200 million;
(b) the total value of the procurement contracts that are set aside does not exceed
ten percent of the total value of the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá’s
procurement contracts for goods, services, and construction services awarded
in that fiscal year that are:
(ii) in excess of the US$200 million base for the fiscal year; and
(c) the total value of procurement contracts under any single CPC version 1.0
section that is set aside does not exceed 20 percent of the total value of the
procurement contracts that may be set aside for that year;
Annex 9.1-13
3. Where a procurement contract will be set aside pursuant to paragraph 2, the Autoridad
del Canal de Panamá shall clearly state that information in the notice of intended
procurement or notice inviting suppliers to participate in the procurement and relevant tender
documentation.
4. If in any given fiscal year, the total value of procurement contracts set aside by the
Autoridad del Canal de Panamá exceeds the level permitted under paragraph 2, the Parties, in
conjunction with the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, shall consult with a view to agreeing
on an adjustment in the form of a reduction of the set asides permitted during the following
fiscal year.
5. If the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá proposes to extend the period during which set
asides may be applied beyond the 12-fiscal year period established in paragraph 2, it shall
inform the Parties during the ninth full fiscal year after the entry into force of this Agreement.
The Parties, in conjunction with the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, shall consult regarding
the proposal. If the Parties agree to extend the period, the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
may continue to apply set asides in accordance with paragraph 2 for the additional period that
the Parties agree.
6. Panama shall prepare an annual report that provides sufficient detail to establish that
set asides have been applied in accordance with paragraph 2.
7. The minimum 40-day time period set out in Article 9.5.1 shall not apply to the
Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. The Autoridad del Canal de Panamá shall provide
suppliers sufficient time to prepare and submit responsive tenders, taking into account the
nature and complexity of the procurement. However, the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
shall in no case provide for less than five business days from the date on which the notice of
intended procurement is published on the Internet to the final date for the submission of
tenders.
8. Article 9.15.2 shall not apply to the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá.
9. Notwithstanding Article 9.15.6(a), the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá shall provide
no less than five business days for suppliers to prepare and submit written challenges, with the
understanding that the period shall commence on the first business day that follows the
publication of the announcement of the contract award on the Internet.
10. The procurements of the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá shall be excluded from the
application of Annex 20.2 (Nullification or Impairment).
Section E: Goods
This Chapter applies to all goods procured by the entities listed in Sections A through
D, subject to the Notes to the respective Sections and the General Notes.
Section F: Services
This Chapter applies to all services procured by the entities listed in Sections A
through D, subject to the Notes to the respective Sections, the General Notes, and the Notes to
this Section, except for the services excluded in the Schedules of each Party. All services
covered by this Section are subject to the existing measures listed in each Party’s Schedule to
Annex I.
Annex 9.1-14
Schedule of Panama
This Chapter does not cover the procurement of the following services, as elaborated
in the CPC version 1.0 and the Common Classification System.
92 Education Services
Annex 9.1-15
Notes to the Schedule of Panama
Exceptions to coverage set forth in Section G of this Annex apply to this Section.
V. Transportation, Travel and Relocation Services: All Classes except V503 Travel
Agent Services
This Chapter does not cover the procurement of any service in support of military
forces overseas.
This Chapter applies to all construction services procured by the entities listed in
Sections A through D, subject to the Notes to the respective Sections and the General Notes.
All services covered by this Section are subject to the existing measures listed in each Party’s
Schedule to Annex I.
Annex 9.1-16
Schedule of Panama
Unless otherwise specified herein, the General Notes in each Party’s Schedule to this
Section apply without exception to this Chapter, including to all sections of this Annex.
Schedule of Panama
(a) Procurements made under the system of concessions granted by the State,
other than public works concession contracts.
(i) For a period of up to five years after the entry into force of this
Agreement, Panama may award its micro, small, and medium
enterprises a price preference that shall not exceed ten percent;
(ii) Further to Article 9.3, Panama shall notify the United States of any
price preference program established in accordance with subparagraph
(b);
(iii) Any price preference shall be clearly described in the notice of intended
procurement or notice inviting suppliers to participate in the
procurement and relevant tender documentation;
(iv) If, before the end of the five-year period established in subparagraph
(a), Panama requests an extension of the period, the Parties shall
consult to determine whether there is a need to extend the period during
which price preferences may be applied, and if they agree that there is
such a need, to determine the terms and conditions of the extension;
and
(v) If, following the entry into force of this Agreement, Panama proposes
to implement any procurement measure intended to provide an
exclusive right for its micro, small, and medium enterprises to provide
a good or service covered by this Chapter, Panama shall notify such
proposal to the United States and enter into consultations with the
United States regarding the need, and any terms and conditions, for
such a measure. Panama may implement the measure subject to such
terms and conditions as the Parties may agree.
Annex 9.1-17
(d) Procurements by one Panamanian entity of a good or service from another
Panamanian entity.
(e) Procurement of transportation services that form a part of, or are incidental to,
a procurement contract.
2. The term micro, small, and medium enterprise means a business that has 100 or
fewer employees and total annual sales of no more than US$2,500,000.
2. This Chapter does not apply to the procurement of transportation services that form a
part of, or are incidental to, a procurement contract.
3. The thresholds for goods and services for Sections A, B, and D entities, List B entities
in Section C, and construction services for Sections A through C are conversions into U.S.
dollars of the thresholds listed in the U.S. Appendix 1 to the World Trade Organization
Agreement on Government Procurement, which are set out in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
and listed below. Every two years, the United States shall calculate the adjustment of these
thresholds, based on an average of the daily conversion rates of the U.S. dollar in terms of
SDRs published by the IMF in its monthly “International Financial Statistics,” for the two-
year period preceding October 1 or November 1 of the year before the adjusted thresholds are
to take effect:
(a) 130,000 SDRs for goods and services for Section A entities;
(b) 355,000 SDRs for goods and services for Section B entities;
(c) 400,000 SDRs for goods and services for Section C, List B entities and the Section
D entity; and
(d) 5 million SDRs for construction services.
T0 x (1+ πi) = T1
πi = accumulated U.S. inflation rate for the ith two year-period; and
Annex 9.1-18
T1 = new threshold value.
The US$12,000,000 threshold for construction services in Section D shall not be adjusted.
5. The United States shall notify Panama of the adjusted threshold values by December
15 of the year before the adjusted thresholds take effect.
Panama shall make best efforts to comply with the obligations listed in its Schedule to
this Section during the two years following the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
The Notes to Panama’s Schedule shall apply during this two-year period. Thereafter, Panama
shall fully comply with the obligations listed in its Schedule to this Section.
Schedule of Panama
1. Article 9.5.1 (40-day time limit for the tendering process) (Note 1)
Notes
1. Article 9.5.1: For the tendering process set out in Article 9.5.1, Panama shall provide
at least 30 days for suppliers to submit tenders following the publication of the notice of
intended procurement.
2. Article 9.13: Panama shall not adopt any measure that weakens its current practice
with respect to Article 9.13.
Annex 9.1-19
Chapter Ten
Investment
Section A: Investment
(c) with respect to Articles 10.9 and 10.11, all investments in the territory of the
Party.
2. A Party’s obligations under this Section shall apply to a state enterprise or other
person when it exercises any regulatory, administrative, or other governmental authority
delegated to it by that Party.
3. For greater certainty, this Chapter does not bind any Party in relation to any act or fact
that took place or any situation that ceased to exist before the date of entry into force of this
Agreement.
1. In the event of any inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter, the other
Chapter shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency.
2. A requirement by a Party that a service supplier of the other Party post a bond or other
form of financial security as a condition of the cross-border supply of a service does not of
itself make this Chapter applicable to measures adopted or maintained by the Party relating to
such cross-border supply of the service. This Chapter applies to measures adopted or
maintained by the Party relating to the posted bond or financial security, to the extent that
such bond or financial security is a covered investment.
3. This Chapter does not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party to the
extent that they are covered by Chapter Twelve (Financial Services).
1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party treatment no less favorable than
that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own investors with respect to the establishment,
acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of
investments in its territory.
2. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment no less favorable than that it
accords, in like circumstances, to investments in its territory of its own investors with respect
to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or
other disposition of investments.
3. The treatment to be accorded by a Party under paragraphs 1 and 2 means, with respect
to a regional level of government, treatment no less favorable than the most favorable
10-1
treatment accorded, in like circumstances, by that regional level of government to investors,
and to investments of investors, of the Party of which it forms a part.
1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party treatment no less favorable than
that it accords, in like circumstances, to investors of any non-Party with respect to the
establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other
disposition of investments in its territory.
2. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment no less favorable than that it
accords, in like circumstances, to investments in its territory of investors of any non-Party
with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation,
and sale or other disposition of investments.
2. For greater certainty, paragraph 1 prescribes the customary international law minimum
standard of treatment of aliens as the minimum standard of treatment to be afforded to
covered investments. The concepts of “fair and equitable treatment” and “full protection and
security” do not require treatment in addition to or beyond that which is required by that
standard, and do not create additional substantive rights. The obligation in paragraph 1 to
provide:
(a) “fair and equitable treatment” includes the obligation not to deny justice in
criminal, civil, or administrative adjudicatory proceedings in accordance with
the principle of due process embodied in the principal legal systems of the
world; and
(b) “full protection and security” requires each Party to provide the level of police
protection required under customary international law.
3. A determination that there has been a breach of another provision of this Agreement,
or of a separate international agreement, does not establish that there has been a breach of this
Article.
1. Notwithstanding Article 10.13.5(b), each Party shall accord to investors of the other
Party, and to covered investments, non-discriminatory treatment with respect to measures it
adopts or maintains relating to losses suffered by investments in its territory owing to armed
conflict or civil strife.
(a) requisitioning of its covered investment or part thereof by the latter’s forces or
authorities; or
1
Article 10.5 shall be interpreted in accordance with Annex 10-A.
10-2
(b) destruction of its covered investment or part thereof by the latter’s forces or
authorities, which was not required by the necessity of the situation,
the latter Party shall provide the investor restitution or compensation, which in either case
shall be in accordance with customary international law and, with respect to compensation,
shall be in accordance with Article 10.7.2 through 10.7.4.
3. Paragraph 1 does not apply to existing measures relating to subsidies or grants that
would be inconsistent with Article 10.3 but for Article 10.13.5(b).
2. Compensation shall:
(c) not reflect any change in value occurring because the intended expropriation
had become known earlier; and
3. If the fair market value is denominated in a freely usable currency, the compensation
paid shall be no less than the fair market value on the date of expropriation, plus interest at a
commercially reasonable rate for that currency, accrued from the date of expropriation until
the date of payment.
4. If the fair market value is denominated in a currency that is not freely usable, the
compensation paid – converted into the currency of payment at the market rate of exchange
prevailing on the date of payment – shall be no less than:
(a) the fair market value on the date of expropriation, converted into a freely
usable currency at the market rate of exchange prevailing on that date, plus
(b) interest, at a commercially reasonable rate for that freely usable currency,
accrued from the date of expropriation until the date of payment.
2
Article 10.7 shall be interpreted in accordance with Annexes 10-A and 10-B.
10-3
5. This Article does not apply to the issuance of compulsory licenses granted in relation
to intellectual property rights in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement, or to the revocation,
limitation, or creation of intellectual property rights, to the extent that such issuance,
revocation, limitation, or creation is consistent with Chapter Fifteen (Intellectual Property
Rights).3
1. Each Party shall permit all transfers relating to a covered investment to be made freely
and without delay into and out of its territory. Such transfers include:
(b) profits, dividends, capital gains, and proceeds from the sale of all or any part of
the covered investment or from the partial or complete liquidation of the
covered investment;
(c) interest, royalty payments, management fees, and technical assistance and
other fees;
(e) payments made pursuant to Article 10.6.1 and 10.6.2 and Article 10.7; and
3. Each Party shall permit returns in kind relating to a covered investment to be made as
authorized or specified in a written agreement between the Party and a covered investment or
an investor of the other Party.
(d) financial reporting or record keeping of transfers when necessary to assist law
enforcement or financial regulatory authorities; or
3
For greater certainty, the reference to “the TRIPS Agreement” in paragraph 5 includes any waiver in force
between the Parties of any provision of that Agreement granted by WTO Members in accordance with the WTO
Agreement.
10-4
of a Party or of a non-Party in its territory, impose or enforce any of the following
requirements, or enforce any commitment or undertaking:
(d) to relate in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value of
exports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows associated with such
investment;
(e) to restrict sales of goods or services in its territory that such investment
produces or supplies by relating such sales in any way to the volume or value
of its exports or foreign exchange earnings;
(g) to supply exclusively from the territory of the Party the goods that such
investment produces or the services that it supplies to a specific regional
market or to the world market.
(c) to relate in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value of
exports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows associated with such
investment; or
(d) to restrict sales of goods or services in its territory that such investment
produces or supplies by relating such sales in any way to the volume or value
of its exports or foreign exchange earnings.
10-5
scope of, and are consistent with, Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement;4
or
(c) Provided that such measures are not applied in an arbitrary or unjustifiable
manner, and provided that such measures do not constitute a disguised
restriction on international trade or investment, paragraphs 1(b), (c), and (f),
and 2(a) and (b), shall not be construed to prevent a Party from adopting or
maintaining measures, including environmental measures:
(i) necessary to secure compliance with laws and regulations that are not
inconsistent with this Agreement;
(d) Paragraphs 1(a), (b), and (c), and 2(a) and (b), do not apply to qualification
requirements for goods or services with respect to export promotion and
foreign aid programs.
(e) Paragraphs 1(b), (c), (f), and (g), and 2(a) and (b), do not apply to
procurement.
(f) Paragraphs 2(a) and (b) do not apply to requirements imposed by an importing
Party relating to the content of goods necessary to qualify for preferential
tariffs or preferential quotas.
1. Neither Party may require that an enterprise of that Party that is a covered investment
appoint to senior management positions natural persons of any particular nationality.
2. A Party may require that a majority of the board of directors, or any committee
thereof, of an enterprise of that Party that is a covered investment, be of a particular
nationality, or resident in the territory of the Party, provided that the requirement does not
materially impair the ability of the investor to exercise control over its investment.
4
For greater certainty, the references to “the TRIPS Agreement” in paragraph 3(b)(i) include any waiver in
force between the Parties of any provision of that Agreement granted by WTO Members in accordance with the
WTO Agreement.
5
The Parties recognize that a patent does not necessarily confer market power.
10-6
Article 10.11: Investment and Environment
1. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter to an investor of the other Party that is
an enterprise of such other Party and to investments of that investor if persons of a non-Party
own or control the enterprise and the denying Party:
(b) adopts or maintains measures with respect to the non-Party or a person of the
non-Party that prohibit transactions with the enterprise or that would be
violated or circumvented if the benefits of this Chapter were accorded to the
enterprise or to its investments.
(i) the central level of government, as set out by that Party in its Schedule
to Annex I,
(ii) a regional level of government, as set out by that Party in its Schedule
to Annex I, or
2. Articles 10.3, 10.4, 10.9, and 10.10 do not apply to any measure that a Party adopts or
maintains with respect to sectors, subsectors, or activities, as set out in its Schedule to Annex
II.
3. Neither Party may, under any measure adopted after the date of entry into force of this
Agreement and covered by its Schedule to Annex II, require an investor of the other Party, by
reason of its nationality, to sell or otherwise dispose of an investment existing at the time the
measure becomes effective.
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4. Articles 10.3 and 10.4 do not apply to any measure that is an exception to, or
derogation from, the obligations under Article 15.1.6 (General Provisions) as specifically
provided in that Article.
(a) procurement; or
2. Notwithstanding Articles 10.3 and 10.4, a Party may require an investor of the other
Party or its covered investment to provide information concerning that investment solely for
informational or statistical purposes. The Party shall protect any confidential business
information from any disclosure that would prejudice the competitive position of the investor
or the covered investment. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent a Party
from otherwise obtaining or disclosing information in connection with the equitable and good
faith application of its law.
In the event of an investment dispute, the claimant and the respondent should initially
seek to resolve the dispute through consultation and negotiation, which may include the use of
non-binding, third-party procedures such as conciliation and mediation.
1. In the event that a disputing party considers that an investment dispute cannot be
settled by consultation and negotiation:
(a) the claimant, on its own behalf, may submit to arbitration under this Section a
claim
and
10-8
(ii) that the claimant has incurred loss or damage by reason of, or arising
out of, that breach; and
and
(ii) that the enterprise has incurred loss or damage by reason of, or arising
out of, that breach.
2. At least 90 days before submitting any claim to arbitration under this Section, a
claimant shall deliver to the respondent a written notice of its intention to submit the claim to
arbitration (“notice of intent”). The notice shall specify:
(a) the name and address of the claimant and, where a claim is submitted on behalf
of an enterprise, the name, address, and place of incorporation of the
enterprise;
(b) for each claim, the provision of this Agreement, investment authorization, or
investment agreement alleged to have been breached and any other relevant
provisions;
(c) the legal and factual basis for each claim; and
(d) the relief sought and the approximate amount of damages claimed.
3. Provided that six months have elapsed since the events giving rise to the claim, a
claimant may submit a claim referred to in paragraph 1:
(a) under the ICSID Convention and the ICSID Rules of Procedures for
Arbitration Proceedings, provided that both the respondent and the non-
disputing Party are parties to the ICSID Convention;
(b) under the ICSID Additional Facility Rules, provided that either the respondent
or the non-disputing Party is a party to the ICSID Convention; or
4. A claim shall be deemed submitted to arbitration under this Section when the
claimant’s notice of or request for arbitration (“notice of arbitration”):
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(c) referred to in Article 3 of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, together with the
statement of claim referred to in Article 18 of the UNCITRAL Arbitration
Rules, are received by the respondent.
A claim asserted for the first time after such notice of arbitration is submitted shall be deemed
submitted to arbitration under this Section on the date of its receipt under the applicable
arbitral rules.
5. The arbitration rules applicable under paragraph 3, and in effect on the date the claim
or claims were submitted to arbitration under this Section, shall govern the arbitration except
to the extent modified by this Agreement.
(b) the claimant’s written consent for the Secretary-General to appoint such
arbitrator.
1. Each Party consents to the submission of a claim to arbitration under this Section in
accordance with this Agreement.
2. The consent under paragraph 1 and the submission of a claim to arbitration under this
Section shall satisfy the requirements of:
(a) Chapter II of the ICSID Convention (Jurisdiction of the Centre) and the ICSID
Additional Facility Rules for written consent of the parties to the dispute;
(b) Article II of the New York Convention for an “agreement in writing;” and
1. No claim may be submitted to arbitration under this Section if more than three years
have elapsed from the date on which the claimant first acquired, or should have first acquired,
knowledge of the breach alleged under Article 10.16.1 and knowledge that the claimant (for
claims brought under Article 10.16.1(a)) or the enterprise (for claims brought under Article
10.16.1(b)) has incurred loss or damage.
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of any right to initiate or continue before any administrative tribunal or court
under the law of any Party, or other dispute settlement procedures, any
proceeding with respect to any measure alleged to constitute a breach referred
to in Article 10.16.
if the claimant (for claims brought under Article 10.16.1(a)) or the claimant or the enterprise
(for claims brought under Article 10.16.1(b)) has previously submitted the same alleged
breach to an administrative tribunal or court of the respondent, or to any other binding dispute
settlement procedure, for adjudication or resolution.
1. Unless the disputing parties otherwise agree, the tribunal shall comprise three
arbitrators, one arbitrator appointed by each of the disputing parties and the third, who shall
be the presiding arbitrator, appointed by agreement of the disputing parties.
2. The Secretary-General shall serve as appointing authority for an arbitration under this
Section.
3. If a tribunal has not been constituted within 75 days from the date that a claim is
submitted to arbitration under this Section, the Secretary-General, on the request of a
disputing party, shall appoint, in his or her discretion, the arbitrator or arbitrators not yet
appointed.
4. For purposes of Article 39 of the ICSID Convention and Article 7 of Schedule C to the
ICSID Additional Facility Rules, and without prejudice to an objection to an arbitrator on a
ground other than nationality:
10-11
enterprise agree in writing to the appointment of each individual member of
the tribunal.
1. The disputing parties may agree on the legal place of any arbitration under the arbitral
rules applicable under Article 10.16.3. If the disputing parties fail to reach agreement, the
tribunal shall determine the place in accordance with the applicable arbitral rules, provided
that the place shall be in the territory of a State that is a party to the New York Convention.
2. The non-disputing Party may make oral and written submissions to the tribunal
regarding the interpretation of this Agreement.
3. The tribunal shall have the authority to accept and consider amicus curiae submissions
from a person or entity that is not a disputing party.
(a) Such objection shall be submitted to the tribunal as soon as possible after the
tribunal is constituted, and in no event later than the date the tribunal fixes for
the respondent to submit its counter-memorial (or, in the case of an amendment
to the notice of arbitration, the date the tribunal fixes for the respondent to
submit its response to the amendment).
(b) On receipt of an objection under this paragraph, the tribunal shall suspend any
proceedings on the merits, establish a schedule for considering the objection
consistent with any schedule it has established for considering any other
preliminary question, and issue a decision or award on the objection, stating
the grounds therefor.
(c) In deciding an objection under this paragraph, the tribunal shall assume to be
true claimant’s factual allegations in support of any claim in the notice of
arbitration (or any amendment thereof) and, in disputes brought under the
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, the statement of claim referred to in Article 18
of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The tribunal may also consider any
relevant facts not in dispute.
(d) The respondent does not waive any objection as to competence or any
argument on the merits merely because the respondent did or did not raise an
objection under this paragraph or make use of the expedited procedure set out
in paragraph 5.
5. In the event that the respondent so requests within 45 days after the tribunal is
constituted, the tribunal shall decide on an expedited basis an objection under paragraph 4 and
any objection that the dispute is not within the tribunal’s competence. The tribunal shall
suspend any proceedings on the merits and issue a decision or award on the objection(s),
stating the grounds therefor, no later than 150 days after the date of the request. However, if a
disputing party requests a hearing, the tribunal may take an additional 30 days to issue the
decision or award. Regardless of whether a hearing is requested, a tribunal may, on a
showing of extraordinary cause, delay issuing its decision or award by an additional brief
period, which may not exceed 30 days.
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6. When it decides a respondent’s objection under paragraph 4 or 5, the tribunal may, if
warranted, award to the prevailing disputing party reasonable costs and attorney’s fees
incurred in submitting or opposing the objection. In determining whether such an award is
warranted, the tribunal shall consider whether either the claimant’s claim or the respondent’s
objection was frivolous, and shall provide the disputing parties a reasonable opportunity to
comment.
7. A respondent may not assert as a defense, counterclaim, right of set-off, or for any
other reason that the claimant has received or will receive indemnification or other
compensation for all or part of the alleged damages pursuant to an insurance or guarantee
contract.
9. (a) In any arbitration conducted under this Section, at the request of a disputing
party, a tribunal shall, before issuing a decision or award on liability, transmit
its proposed decision or award to the disputing parties and to the non-disputing
Party. Within 60 days after the tribunal transmits its proposed decision or
award, the disputing parties may submit written comments to the tribunal
concerning any aspect of its proposed decision or award. The tribunal shall
consider any such comments and issue its decision or award not later than 45
days after the expiration of the 60-day comment period.
(b) Subparagraph (a) shall not apply in any arbitration conducted pursuant to this
Section for which an appeal has been made available pursuant to paragraph 10
or Annex 10-D.
10. If a separate multilateral agreement enters into force as between the Parties that
establishes an appellate body for purposes of reviewing awards rendered by tribunals
constituted pursuant to international trade or investment arrangements to hear investment
disputes, the Parties shall strive to reach an agreement that would have such appellate body
review awards rendered under Article 10.26 in arbitrations commenced after the multilateral
agreement enters into force as between the Parties.
1. Subject to paragraphs 2 and 4, the respondent shall, after receiving the following
documents, promptly transmit them to the non-disputing Party and make them available to the
public:
(c) pleadings, memorials, and briefs submitted to the tribunal by a disputing party
and any written submissions submitted pursuant to Article 10.20.2 and 10.20.3
and Article 10.25;
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2. The tribunal shall conduct hearings open to the public and shall determine, in
consultation with the disputing parties, the appropriate logistical arrangements. However, any
disputing party that intends to use information designated as protected information in a
hearing shall so advise the tribunal. The tribunal shall make appropriate arrangements to
protect the information from disclosure.
4. Any protected information that is submitted to the tribunal shall be protected from
disclosure in accordance with the following procedures:
(a) Subject to subparagraph (d), neither the disputing parties nor the tribunal shall
disclose to the non-disputing Party or to the public any protected information
where the disputing party that provided the information clearly designates it in
accordance with subparagraph (b);
(b) Any disputing party claiming that certain information constitutes protected
information shall clearly designate the information at the time it is submitted to
the tribunal;
(c) A disputing party shall, at the same time that it submits a document containing
information claimed to be protected information, submit a redacted version of
the document that does not contain the information. Only the redacted version
shall be provided to the non-disputing Party and made public in accordance
with paragraph 1; and
(d) The tribunal shall decide any objection regarding the designation of
information claimed to be protected information. If the tribunal determines
that such information was not properly designated, the disputing party that
submitted the information may (i) withdraw all or part of its submission
containing such information, or (ii) agree to resubmit complete and redacted
documents with corrected designations in accordance with the tribunal’s
determination and subparagraph (c). In either case, the other disputing party
shall, whenever necessary, resubmit complete and redacted documents which
either remove the information withdrawn under (i) by the disputing party that
first submitted the information or redesignate the information consistent with
the designation under (ii) of the disputing party that first submitted the
information.
5. Nothing in this Section requires a respondent to withhold from the public information
required to be disclosed by its laws.
2. Subject to paragraph 3 and the other terms of this Section, when a claim is submitted
under Article 10.16.1(a)(i)(B) or (C), or Article 10.16.1(b)(i)(B) or (C), the tribunal shall
apply:
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(a) the rules of law specified in the pertinent investment agreement or investment
authorization, or as the disputing parties may otherwise agree; or
(b) if the rules of law have not been specified or otherwise agreed:
(i) the law of the respondent, including its rules on the conflict of laws;6
and
1. Where two or more claims have been submitted separately to arbitration under Article
10.16.1 and the claims have a question of law or fact in common and arise out of the same
events or circumstances, any disputing party may seek a consolidation order in accordance
with the agreement of all the disputing parties sought to be covered by the order or the terms
of paragraphs 2 through 10.
2. A disputing party that seeks a consolidation order under this Article shall deliver, in
writing, a request to the Secretary-General and to all the disputing parties sought to be
covered by the order and shall specify in the request:
(a) the names and addresses of all the disputing parties sought to be covered by the
order;
6
The “law of the respondent” means the law that a domestic court or tribunal of proper jurisdiction would apply
in the same case.
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(b) the nature of the order sought; and
3. Unless the Secretary-General finds within 30 days after receiving a request under
paragraph 2 that the request is manifestly unfounded, a tribunal shall be established under this
Article.
4. Unless all the disputing parties sought to be covered by the order otherwise agree, a
tribunal established under this Article shall comprise three arbitrators:
5. If, within 60 days after the Secretary-General receives a request made under paragraph
2, the respondent fails or the claimants fail to appoint an arbitrator in accordance with
paragraph 4, the Secretary-General, on the request of any disputing party sought to be covered
by the order, shall appoint the arbitrator or arbitrators not yet appointed. If the respondent
fails to appoint an arbitrator, the Secretary-General shall appoint a national of the disputing
Party, and if the claimants fail to appoint an arbitrator, the Secretary-General shall appoint a
national of the non-disputing Party.
6. Where a tribunal established under this Article is satisfied that two or more claims that
have been submitted to arbitration under Article 10.16.1 have a question of law or fact in
common, and arise out of the same events or circumstances, the tribunal may, in the interest
of fair and efficient resolution of the claims, and after hearing the disputing parties, by order:
(a) assume jurisdiction over, and hear and determine together, all or part of the
claims;
(b) assume jurisdiction over, and hear and determine one or more of the claims,
the determination of which it believes would assist in the resolution of the
others; or
(i) that tribunal, at the request of any claimant not previously a disputing
party before that tribunal, shall be reconstituted with its original
members, except that the arbitrator for the claimants shall be appointed
pursuant to paragraphs 4(a) and 5; and
(ii) that tribunal shall decide whether any prior hearing shall be repeated.
7. Where a tribunal has been established under this Article, a claimant that has
submitted a claim to arbitration under Article 10.16.1 and that has not been named in a
request made under paragraph 2 may make a written request to the tribunal that it be included
in any order made under paragraph 6, and shall specify in the request:
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(b) the nature of the order sought; and
8. A tribunal established under this Article shall conduct its proceedings in accordance
with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, except as modified by this Section.
9. A tribunal established under Article 10.19 shall not have jurisdiction to decide a claim,
or a part of a claim, over which a tribunal established or instructed under this Article has
assumed jurisdiction.
10. On application of a disputing party, a tribunal established under this Article, pending
its decision under paragraph 6, may order that the proceedings of a tribunal established under
Article 10.19 be stayed, unless the latter tribunal has already adjourned its proceedings.
1. Where a tribunal makes a final award against a respondent, the tribunal may award,
separately or in combination, only:
(b) restitution of property, in which case the award shall provide that the
respondent may pay monetary damages and any applicable interest in lieu of
restitution.
A tribunal may also award costs and attorney’s fees in accordance with this Section and the
applicable arbitration rules.
(a) an award of restitution of property shall provide that restitution be made to the
enterprise;
(b) an award of monetary damages and any applicable interest shall provide that
the sum be paid to the enterprise; and
(c) the award shall provide that it is made without prejudice to any right that any
person may have in the relief under applicable domestic law.
4. An award made by a tribunal shall have no binding force except between the disputing
parties and in respect of the particular case.
5. Subject to paragraph 6 and the applicable review procedure for an interim award, a
disputing party shall abide by and comply with an award without delay.
(a) in the case of a final award made under the ICSID Convention,
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(i) 120 days have elapsed from the date the award was rendered and no
disputing party has requested revision or annulment of the award; or
(b) in the case of a final award under the ICSID Additional Facility Rules or the
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules,
(i) 90 days have elapsed from the date the award was rendered and no
disputing party has commenced a proceeding to revise, set aside, or
annul the award; or
7. Each Party shall provide for the enforcement of an award in its territory.
(a) a determination that the failure to abide by or comply with the final award is
inconsistent with the obligations of this Agreement; and
(b) in accordance with Article 20.12 (Initial Report), a recommendation that the
respondent abide by or comply with the final award.
9. A disputing party may seek enforcement of an arbitration award under the ICSID
Convention, the New York Convention, or the Inter-American Convention regardless of
whether proceedings have been taken under paragraph 8.
10. A claim that is submitted to arbitration under this Section shall be considered to arise
out of a commercial relationship or transaction for purposes of Article I of the New York
Convention and Article I of the Inter-American Convention.
Delivery of notice and other documents on a Party shall be made to the place named
for that Party in Annex 10-E.
Annex 10-F sets out additional provisions relating to the Panama Canal Authority.
Centre means the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”)
established by the ICSID Convention;
claimant means an investor of a Party that is a party to an investment dispute with the other
Party;
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disputing parties means the claimant and the respondent;
enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organized under the law of a Party,
and a branch located in the territory of a Party and carrying out business activities there;
freely usable currency means “freely usable currency” as determined by the International
Monetary Fund under its Articles of Agreement;
ICSID Additional Facility Rules means the Rules Governing the Additional Facility for the
Administration of Proceeding by the Secretariat of the International Centre for Settlement of
Investment Disputes;
ICSID Convention means the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between
States and Nationals of Other States, done at Washington, March 18, 1965;
investment means every asset that an investor owns or controls, directly or indirectly, that has
the characteristics of an investment, including such characteristics as the commitment of
capital or other resources, the expectation of gain or profit, or the assumption of risk. Forms
that an investment may take include:
(a) an enterprise;
7
Some forms of debt, such as bonds, debentures, and long-term notes, are more likely to have the characteristics
of an investment, while other forms of debt are less likely to have such characteristics.
8
For purposes of this Agreement, claims to payment that are immediately due and result from the sale of goods
or services are not investments.
10-19
(g) licenses, authorizations, permits, and similar rights conferred pursuant to
domestic law;9 10 and
investment agreement means a written agreement11 that takes effect on or after the date of
entry into force of this Agreement between a national authority12 of a Party and a covered
investment or an investor of the other Party that grants the covered investment or investor
rights:
(a) with respect to natural resources or other assets that a national authority
controls; and
(b) upon which the covered investment or the investor relies in establishing or
acquiring a covered investment other than the written agreement itself;
investor of a non-Party means, with respect to a Party, an investor that attempts to make, is
making, or has made an investment in the territory of that Party, that is not an investor of
either Party;
national means a natural person who has the nationality of a Party according to Annex 2.1
(Country-Specific Definitions);
New York Convention means the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and
Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York, June 10, 1958;
9
Whether a particular type of license, authorization, permit, or similar instrument (including a concession, to the
extent that it has the nature of such an instrument) has the characteristics of an investment depends on such
factors as the nature and extent of the rights that the holder has under the law of the Party. Among the licenses,
authorizations, permits, and similar instruments that do not have the characteristics of an investment are those
that do not create any rights protected under domestic law. For greater certainty, the foregoing is without
prejudice to whether any asset associated with the license, authorization, permit, or similar instrument has the
characteristics of an investment.
10
The term “investment” does not include an order or judgment entered in a judicial or administrative action.
11
“Written agreement” refers to an agreement in writing, executed by both parties, that creates an exchange of
rights and obligations, binding on both parties under the law applicable under Article 10.22.2. For greater
certainty, (a) a unilateral act of an administrative or judicial authority, such as a permit, license, or authorization
issued by a Party solely in its regulatory capacity or a decree, order, or judgment; and (b) an administrative or
judicial consent decree or order, shall not be considered a written agreement.
12
For purposes of this definition, “national authority” means an authority at the central level of government.
13
For greater certainty, actions taken by a Party to enforce laws of general application, such as competition
laws, are not encompassed within this definition.
14
The Parties recognize that neither Party has a foreign investment authority, as of the date of signature of this
Agreement.
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non-disputing Party means the Party that is not a party to an investment dispute;
tribunal means an arbitration tribunal established under Article 10.19 or 10.25; and
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules means the arbitration rules of the United Nations
Commission on International Trade Law.
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Annex 10-A
10-22
Annex 10-B
Expropriation
3. Article 10.7.1 addresses two situations. The first is direct expropriation, where an
investment is nationalized or otherwise directly expropriated through formal transfer of title
or outright seizure.
(i) the economic impact of the government action, although the fact that an
action or series of actions by a Party has an adverse effect on the
economic value of an investment, standing alone, does not establish
that an indirect expropriation has occurred;
(ii) the extent to which the government action interferes with distinct,
reasonable investment-backed expectations; and
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Annex 10-C
1. An investor of the United States may not submit to arbitration under Section B a claim
that Panama has breached an obligation under Section A either:
(b) on behalf of an enterprise of Panama that is a juridical person that the investor
owns or controls directly or indirectly under Article 10.16.1(b),
if the investor or the enterprise, respectively, has alleged that breach of an obligation under
Section A in proceedings before a court or administrative tribunal of Panama.
2. For greater certainty, if an investor of the United States elects to submit a claim of the
type described in paragraph 1 to a court or administrative tribunal of Panama, that election
shall be definitive, and the investor may not thereafter submit the claim to arbitration under
Section B.
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Annex 10-D
Within three years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall
consider whether to establish a bilateral appellate body or similar mechanism to review
awards rendered under Article 10.26 in arbitrations commenced after they establish the
appellate body or similar mechanism.
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Annex 10-E
Panama
Notices and other documents in disputes under Section B shall be served on Panama
by delivery to:
United States
Notices and other documents in disputes under Section B shall be served on the United
States by delivery to:
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Annex 10-F
1. For greater certainty, nothing in this Chapter or Chapter Eleven (Cross-Border Trade
in Services) shall be construed to derogate from Panama’s right to appoint the Panama Canal
Authority as the entity exclusively responsible for the use, administration, functioning,
conservation, maintenance, modernization, and related activities of the Panama Canal, as
provided under Panama’s 1972 Constitution, which states:
“a. The Panama Canal is the inalienable patrimony of the Panamanian nation; it
shall remain open to the peaceful and uninterrupted transit of the vessels of all
nations, and its use is subject to the requirements and conditions established by
the Constitution, the law, and its administration.”
“b. An autonomous juridical person is created under Public Law, which is called
the Panama Canal Authority, which is exclusively responsible for the
administration, functioning, conservation, maintenance, and modernization of
the Panama Canal and related activities, subject to constitutional and legal
norms that are in effect, in order for the Canal to function in a secure,
continuous, efficient, and profitable manner. It shall have its own property and
the right to administer it.”
“c. The Panama Canal Authority has the responsibility for the administration,
maintenance, use, and conservation of the water resources of the Panama Canal
basin, consisting of the water of its lakes and tributary currents, in coordination
with the state entities that the law designates. Construction plans, use of
waters, expansion, development of ports and of any other work or construction
on the shores of the Panama Canal requires prior approval of the Authority.”
2. For greater certainty, a tribunal established under Section B may not order attachment
or enjoin the application of a measure that has been adopted or maintained by the Panama
Canal Authority in pursuance of the responsibilities described in paragraph 1, and is alleged to
constitute a breach referred to in Article 10.16.
3. (a) No claim arising from acts of the Panama Canal Authority and alleging that
Panama has breached an investment agreement may be submitted under
Section B unless the claim has first been submitted to the Panama Canal
Authority and three months have elapsed from the date of such submission.
(b) For greater certainty, the claim referred to in subparagraph (a) may be
submitted against Panama under Section B at the expiration of the three-month
period referred to in that subparagraph regardless of whether the Panama Canal
Authority has issued a decision regarding the claim.
(c) The submission to the Panama Canal Authority of the claim referred to in
subparagraph (a) shall not be construed as submission of the claim to an
administrative tribunal or a binding dispute settlement procedure within the
meaning of Article 10.18.4.
4. (a) The Panama Canal Authority may grant, pursuant to Acuerdo No. 82 of August
17, 2004, as amended, compatibility permits or authorizations for the use of, or
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for activities, projects, works, or construction undertaken in, the compatibility
area15 or in the waters and shores of the Canal.
(b) The Panama Canal Authority may revoke or modify, pursuant to Acuerdo No.
82 of August 17, 2004, as amended, such compatibility permits or
authorizations if it determines that: (i) such use, activities, projects, works, or
construction may endanger the efficient operation of the Panama Canal; (ii) the
compatibility areas are necessary for the functioning, protection,
modernization, or expansion of the Panama Canal; (iii) the use, activity,
project, works, or construction is no longer compatible with the functioning of
the Panama Canal; or (iv) the terms and conditions of the relevant permit or
authorization have not been satisfied. The Panama Canal Authority may also
revoke compatibility permits or authorizations for any other reason provided
by Panamanian law.
(c) Revocations and other actions that the Panama Canal Authority takes with
respect to compatibility permits and authorizations must be otherwise
consistent with this Agreement.
15
The compatibility area is that area designated for the functioning, protection, modernization, or expansion of
the Panama Canal and for other uses compatible with these functions that are identified in Annex A of Law 19 of
1997 and Annex III of Law 21 of 1997.
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Chapter Eleven
(d) the presence in its territory of a service supplier of the other Party; and
(e) the provision of a bond or other form of financial security as a condition for the
supply of a service.
3. Articles 11.4, 11.7, and 11.8 also apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party
affecting the supply of a service in its territory by an investor of the other Party as defined in
Article 10.29 (Definitions) or a covered investment.1
(b) air services, including domestic and international air transportation services,
whether scheduled or non-scheduled, and related services in support of air
services, other than:
(c) procurement; or
1
The Parties understand that nothing in this Chapter, including this paragraph, is subject to investor-state
dispute settlement pursuant to Section B of Chapter Ten (Investment).
11-1
5. This Chapter does not impose any obligation on a Party with respect to a national of
the other Party seeking access to its employment market, or employed on a permanent basis in
its territory, and does not confer any right on that national with respect to that access or
employment.
6. This Chapter does not apply to services supplied in the exercise of governmental
authority. A “service supplied in the exercise of governmental authority” means any service
that is supplied neither on a commercial basis, nor in competition with one or more service
suppliers.
7. Nothing in this Chapter or any other provision of this Agreement shall be construed to
impose any obligation on a Party regarding its immigration measures, including admission or
conditions of admission for temporary entry.
1. Each Party shall accord to service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less
favorable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own service suppliers.
Each Party shall accord to service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less
favorable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to service suppliers of a non-Party.
Neither Party may adopt or maintain, either on the basis of a regional subdivision or
on the basis of its entire territory, measures that:
(b) restrict or require specific types of legal entity or joint venture through which a
service supplier may supply a service.
2
This clause does not cover measures of a Party that limit inputs for the supply of services.
11-2
Article 11.5: Local Presence
Neither Party may require a service supplier of the other Party to establish or maintain
a representative office or any form of enterprise, or to be resident, in its territory as a
condition for the cross-border supply of a service.
(i) the central level of government, as set out by that Party in its Schedule
to Annex I;
(ii) a regional level of government, as set out by that Party in its Schedule
to Annex I; or
2. Articles 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, and 11.5 do not apply to any measure that a Party adopts or
maintains with respect to sectors, sub-sectors, or activities as set out in its Schedule to Annex
II.
(a) each Party shall maintain or establish appropriate mechanisms for responding
to inquiries from interested persons regarding its regulations relating to the
subject matter of this Chapter;
(b) at the time it adopts final regulations relating to the subject matter of this
Chapter, each Party shall, to the extent possible, including on request, address
in writing substantive comments received from interested persons with respect
to the proposed regulations; and
(c) to the extent possible, each Party shall allow a reasonable time between
publication of final regulations and their effective date.
1. Where a Party requires authorization for the supply of a service, the Party’s competent
authorities shall, within a reasonable time after the submission of an application considered
complete under its laws and regulations, inform the applicant of the decision concerning the
application. At the request of the applicant, the Party’s competent authorities shall provide,
3
For greater certainty, “regulations” includes regulations establishing or applying to licensing authorization or
criteria.
11-3
without undue delay, information concerning the status of the application. This obligation
shall not apply to authorization requirements that are within the scope of Article 11.6.2.
(a) based on objective and transparent criteria, such as competence and the ability
to supply the service;
(b) not more burdensome than necessary to ensure the quality of the service; and
3. If the results of the negotiations related to Article VI:4 of the GATS (or the results of
any similar negotiations undertaken in other multilateral fora in which the Parties participate)
enter into effect for each Party, this Article shall be amended, as appropriate, after
consultations between the Parties, to bring those results into effect under this Agreement.
The Parties will coordinate on such negotiations as appropriate.
1. For the purposes of the fulfillment, in whole or in part, of its standards or criteria for
the authorization, licensing, or certification of services suppliers, and subject to the
requirements of paragraph 4, a Party may recognize the education or experience obtained,
requirements met, or licenses or certifications granted in a particular country. Such
recognition, which may be achieved through harmonization or otherwise, may be based on an
agreement or arrangement with the country concerned or may be accorded autonomously.
4. Neither Party may accord recognition in a manner that would constitute a means of
discrimination between countries in the application of its standards or criteria for the
authorization, licensing, or certification of services suppliers, or a disguised restriction on
trade in services.
1. Each Party shall permit all transfers and payments relating to the cross-border supply
of services to be made freely and without delay into and out of its territory.
11-4
2. Each Party shall permit such transfers and payments relating to the cross-border
supply of services to be made in a freely usable currency at the market rate of exchange
prevailing at the time of transfer.
(c) financial reporting or record keeping of transfers when necessary to assist law
enforcement or financial regulatory authorities;
1. A Party may deny the benefits of this Chapter to a service supplier of the other Party if
the service is being supplied by an enterprise owned or controlled by persons of a non-Party,
and the denying Party:
(b) adopts or maintains measures with respect to the non-Party that prohibit
transactions with the enterprise or that would be violated or circumvented if
the benefits of this Chapter were accorded to the enterprise.
(a) The Parties affirm that measures affecting express delivery services are subject
to this Agreement.
(b) For purposes of this Agreement, express delivery services means the
collection, transport, and delivery, of documents, printed matter, parcels,
goods, or other items on an expedited basis, while tracking and maintaining
control of these items throughout the supply of the service. Express delivery
services do not include (i) air transport services, (ii) services supplied in the
exercise of governmental authority, or (iii) maritime transport services.4
4
For greater certainty, for the United States, express delivery services do not include delivery of letters subject
to the Private Express Statutes (18 U.S.C. § 1693 et seq., 39 U.S.C. § 601 et seq.), but do include delivery of
letters subject to the exceptions to, or suspensions promulgated under, those statutes, which permit private
delivery of extremely urgent letters.
11-5
(c) The Parties express their desire to maintain at least the level of market
openness for express delivery services they provided on the date this
Agreement is signed.
(d) Panama may not adopt or maintain any restriction on express delivery services
that is not in existence on the date this Agreement is signed. Panama confirms
that it does not intend to direct revenues from its postal monopoly to benefit
express delivery services. Under title 39 of the United States Code, an
independent U.S. government agency determines whether U.S. postal rates
meet the requirement that each class of mail or type of mail service bear the
direct and indirect postal costs attributable to that class or type plus that portion
of all other costs of the U.S. Postal Service reasonably assignable to such class
or type.
(e) Each Party shall ensure that, where its monopoly supplier of postal services
competes, either directly or through an affiliated company, in the supply of
express delivery services outside the scope of its monopoly rights, such a
supplier does not abuse its monopoly position to act in its territory in a manner
inconsistent with the Party’s obligations under Article 10.3 (National
Treatment), 10.4 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), 11.2, 11.3, or 11.4. The
Parties also reaffirm their obligations under Article VIII of the GATS.5
(f) Four years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Panama shall
apply to publicly owned and privately owned suppliers, on a non-
discriminatory basis, measures taken pursuant to Articles 8 and 9 of Decreto
Ejecutivo No. 30 de 8 de febrero de 1991 por el cual se dictan medidas
relacionadas con la recepción, transporte, despacho y entrega extrapostal
internacional de envíos de correspondencia urgente (correo paralelo) y se
deroga el Decreto No. 86 del 4 de diciembre de 1989 that impose fees on, or
set a minimum price for, the supply of express delivery services.
Annex 10-F (Panama Canal Authority) sets out additional provisions relating to the
Panama Canal Authority.
(a) from the territory of one Party into the territory of the other Party;
(b) in the territory of one Party by a person of that Party to a person of the other
Party; or
5
For greater certainty, the Parties reaffirm that nothing in this Article is subject to investor-state dispute
settlement pursuant to Section B of Chapter Ten (Investment).
11-6
but does not include the supply of a service in the territory of a Party by an investor of the
other Party as defined in Article 10.29 (Definitions) or a covered investment;
enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organized under the laws of that
Party, and a branch located in the territory of that Party and carrying out business activities
there;
professional services means services, the provision of which requires specialized post-
secondary education, or equivalent training or experience, and for which the right to practice
is granted or restricted by a Party, but does not include services provided by trades-persons or
vessel and aircraft crew members;
service supplier of a Party means a person of a Party that seeks to supply or supplies a
service;6 and
specialty air services means any non-transportation air services, such as aerial fire-fighting,
sightseeing, spraying, surveying, mapping, photography, parachute jumping, glider towing,
and helicopter-lift for logging and construction, and other airborne agricultural, industrial, and
inspection services.
6
The Parties understand that for purposes of Articles 11.2 and 11.3, “service suppliers” has the same meaning
as “services and service suppliers” as used in Articles II and XVII of the GATS.
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Annex 11.9
Professional Services
1. The Parties shall encourage the relevant bodies in their respective territories to
develop mutually acceptable standards and criteria for licensing and certification of
professional service suppliers and to provide recommendations on mutual recognition to the
Commission.
2. The standards and criteria referred to in paragraph 1 may be developed with regard to
the following matters:
(d) conduct and ethics – standards of professional conduct and the nature of
disciplinary action for non-conformity with those standards;
(g) local knowledge – requirements for knowledge of such matters as local laws,
regulations, language, geography, or climate; and
Temporary licensing
4. Where the Parties agree, each Party shall encourage the relevant bodies in its territory
to develop procedures for the temporary licensing of professional service suppliers of the
other Party.
Review
5. The Commission shall review the implementation of this Annex at least once every
three years.
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Chapter Twelve
Financial Services
(b) investors of the other Party, and investments of such investors, in financial
institutions in the Party’s territory; and
(b) Section B of Chapter Ten (Investment) is hereby incorporated into and made a
part of this Chapter solely for claims that a Party has breached Article 10.7
(Expropriation and Compensation), 10.8 (Transfers), 10.12 (Denial of
Benefits), or 10.14 (Special Formalities and Information Requirements), as
incorporated into this Chapter.
(c) Article 11.10 (Transfers and Payments) is incorporated into and made a part of
this Chapter to the extent that cross-border trade in financial services is subject
to obligations pursuant to Article 12.5.
3. This Chapter does not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to:
(b) activities or services conducted for the account or with the guarantee or using
the financial resources of the Party, including its public entities,
except that this Chapter shall apply to the extent a Party allows any of the activities or
services referred to in subparagraph (a) or (b) to be conducted by its financial institutions in
competition with a public entity or a financial institution.
1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party treatment no less favorable than
that it accords to its own investors, in like circumstances, with respect to the establishment,
acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of
financial institutions and investments in financial institutions in its territory.
2. Each Party shall accord to financial institutions of the other Party and to investments
of investors of the other Party in financial institutions treatment no less favorable than that it
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accords to its own financial institutions, and to investments of its own investors in financial
institutions, in like circumstances, with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion,
management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of financial institutions and
investments.
3. For purposes of the national treatment obligations in Article 12.5.1, a Party shall
accord to cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less
favorable than that it accords to its own financial service suppliers, in like circumstances, with
respect to the supply of the relevant service.
1. Each Party shall accord to investors of the other Party, financial institutions of the
other Party, investments of investors in financial institutions, and cross-border financial
service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favorable than that it accords to the
investors, financial institutions, investments of investors in financial institutions, and cross-
border financial service suppliers of a non-Party, in like circumstances.
4. Where a Party accords recognition of prudential measures under paragraph 2(c) and
the circumstances set out in paragraph 3 exist, the Party shall provide adequate opportunity to
the other Party to negotiate accession to the agreement or arrangement, or to negotiate a
comparable agreement or arrangement.
Neither Party may adopt or maintain, with respect to financial institutions of the other
Party or investors of the other Party seeking to establish such institutions, either on the basis
of a regional subdivision or on the basis of its entire territory, measures that:
(ii) the total value of financial service transactions or assets in the form of
numerical quotas or the requirement of an economic needs test;
(iii) the total number of financial service operations or on the total quantity
of financial services output expressed in terms of designated numerical
units in the form of quotas or the requirement of an economic needs
test; or
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(iv) the total number of natural persons that may be employed in a
particular financial service sector or that a financial institution may
employ and who are necessary for, and directly related to, the supply of
a specific financial service in the form of numerical quotas or the
requirement of an economic needs test; or
(b) restrict or require specific types of legal entity or joint venture through which a
financial institution may supply a service.
1. Each Party shall permit, under terms and conditions that accord national treatment,
cross-border financial service suppliers of the other Party to supply the services specified in
Annex 12.5.1.
2. Each Party shall permit persons located in its territory, and its nationals wherever
located, to purchase financial services from cross-border financial service suppliers of the
other Party located in the territory of the other Party. This obligation does not require a Party
to permit such suppliers to do business or solicit in its territory. Each Party may define
“doing business” and “solicitation” for purposes of this obligation, provided that those
definitions are not inconsistent with paragraph 1.
Each Party shall permit a financial institution of the other Party to supply any new
financial service that the Party would permit its own financial institutions, in like
circumstances, to supply without additional legislative action by the Party. Notwithstanding
Article 12.4(b), a Party may determine the institutional and juridical form through which the
new financial service may be supplied and may require authorization for the supply of the
service. Where a Party requires authorization to supply a new financial service, a decision
shall be made within a reasonable time and the authorization may only be refused for
prudential reasons.
(b) any confidential information the disclosure of which would impede law
enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or prejudice
legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises.
1
The Parties understand that nothing in Article 12.6 prevents a financial institution of a Party from applying to
the other Party to request it to consider authorizing the supply of a financial service that is not supplied in the
territories of the Parties. The application shall be subject to the law of the Party to which the application is made
and, for greater certainty, shall not be subject to the obligations of Article 12.6.
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Article 12.8: Senior Management and Boards of Directors
1. Neither Party may require financial institutions of the other Party to engage
individuals of any particular nationality as senior managerial or other essential personnel.
2. Neither Party may require that more than a minority of the board of directors of a
financial institution of the other Party be composed of nationals of the Party, persons residing
in the territory of the Party, or a combination thereof.
(i) the central level of government, as set out by that Party in its Schedule
to Annex III,
(ii) a regional level of government, as set out by that Party in its Schedule
to Annex III, or
3. Articles 12.2 through 12.5 and 12.8 do not apply to any measure that a Party adopts or
maintains with respect to sectors, subsectors, or activities, as set out in Section B of its
Schedule to Annex III.
2
For greater certainty, Article 12.5 does not apply to an amendment to any non-conforming measure referred to
in subparagraph (a) to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the measure, as it
existed on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, with Article 12.5.
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measures for prudential reasons,3 including for the protection of investors, depositors, policy
holders, or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a financial institution or cross-border
financial service supplier, or to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system.
Where such measures do not conform with the provisions of this Agreement referred to in this
paragraph, they shall not be used as a means of avoiding the Party’s commitments or
obligations under such provisions.
4. For greater certainty, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent the
adoption or enforcement by any Party of measures necessary to secure compliance with laws
or regulations that are not inconsistent with this Chapter, including those relating to the
prevention of deceptive and fraudulent practices or to deal with the effects of a default on
financial services contracts, subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a
manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between
countries where like conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on investment in financial
institutions or cross-border trade in financial services.
1. The Parties recognize that transparent regulations and policies governing the activities
of financial institutions and cross-border financial service suppliers are important in
facilitating both access of foreign financial institutions and foreign cross-border financial
service suppliers to, and their operations in, each other’s markets. Each Party commits to
promote regulatory transparency in financial services.
2. In lieu of Article 18.2.2 (Publication), each Party shall, to the extent practicable:
(a) publish in advance any regulations of general application relating to the subject
matter of this Chapter that it proposes to adopt; and
(b) provide interested persons and the other Party a reasonable opportunity to
comment on the proposed regulations.
3
It is understood that the term “prudential reasons” includes the maintenance of the safety, soundness, integrity,
or financial responsibility of individual financial institutions or cross-border financial service suppliers.
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3. At the time it adopts final regulations, a Party should, to the extent practicable, address
in writing substantive comments received from interested persons with respect to the
proposed regulations.
4. To the extent practicable, each Party should allow reasonable time between
publication of final regulations and their effective date.
5. Each Party shall ensure that the rules of general application adopted or maintained by
self-regulatory organizations of the Party are promptly published or otherwise made available
in such a manner as to enable interested persons to become acquainted with them.
7. Each Party’s regulatory authorities shall make available to interested persons the
requirements, including any documentation required, for completing applications relating to
the supply of financial services.
8. On the request of an applicant, a Party’s regulatory authority shall inform the applicant
of the status of its application. If the authority requires additional information from the
applicant, it shall notify the applicant without undue delay.
Under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, each Party shall grant
financial institutions of the other Party established in its territory access to payment and
clearing systems operated by public entities, and to official funding and refinancing facilities
available in the normal course of ordinary business. This paragraph is not intended to confer
access to the Party’s lender of last resort facilities.
Except with respect to non-conforming measures listed in its Schedule to Annex III,
each Party shall ensure that all measures of general application to which this Chapter applies
are administered in a reasonable, objective, and impartial manner.
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Article 12.15: Expedited Availability of Insurance Services
2. Annex 12.15.2 sets out certain specific commitments by each Party relating to the
subject matter of paragraph 1.
(a) supervise the implementation of this Chapter and its further elaboration;
(b) consider issues regarding financial services that are referred to it by a Party;
and
3. The Committee shall meet annually, or as otherwise agreed, to assess the functioning
of this Agreement as it applies to financial services. The Committee shall inform the
Commission of the results of each meeting.
1. A Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding any matter arising
under this Agreement that affects financial services. The other Party shall give sympathetic
consideration to the request. The Parties shall report the results of their consultations to the
Committee.
2. Consultations under this Article shall include officials of the authorities specified in
Annex 12.16.1.
4. Nothing in this Article shall be construed to require a Party to derogate from its
relevant law regarding sharing of information among financial regulators or the requirements
of an agreement or arrangement between financial authorities of the Parties.
2. The Parties shall establish within six months of the date of entry into force of this
Agreement and maintain a roster of up to eight individuals who are willing and able to serve
as financial services panelists. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the roster shall include up
to three individuals who are nationals of each Party and up to two individuals who are not
nationals of either Party. The roster members shall be appointed by mutual agreement of the
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Parties and may be reappointed. Once established, a roster shall remain in effect for a
minimum of three years, and shall remain in effect thereafter until the Parties constitute a new
roster. The Parties may appoint a replacement where a roster member is no longer available
to serve.
(a) have expertise or experience in financial services law or practice, which may
include the regulation of financial institutions;
(b) be chosen strictly on the basis of objectivity, reliability, and sound judgment;
(c) be independent of, and not be affiliated with or take instructions from, a Party;
and
4. When a Party claims that a dispute arises under this Chapter, Article 20.9 (Panel
Selection) shall apply, except that:
(a) where the Parties so agree, the panel shall be composed entirely of panelists
meeting the qualifications in paragraph 3; and
(i) each Party may select panelists meeting the qualifications set out in
paragraph 3 or in Article 20.8 (Qualifications of Panelists), and
(ii) if the Party complained against invokes Article 12.10, the chair of the
panel shall meet the qualifications set out in paragraph 3, unless the
Parties otherwise agree.
(a) only the financial services sector, the complaining Party may suspend benefits
only in the financial services sector;
(b) the financial services sector and any other sector, the complaining Party may
suspend benefits in the financial services sector that have an effect equivalent
to the effect of the measure in the Party’s financial services sector; or
(c) only a sector other than the financial services sector, the complaining Party
may not suspend benefits in the financial services sector.
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investor. The Committee shall transmit a copy of its decision to the tribunal and to the
Commission. The decision shall be binding on the tribunal.
3. Where the Financial Services Committee has not decided the issue within 60 days of
the receipt of the referral under paragraph 1, the respondent or the Party of the claimant may
request the establishment of an arbitral panel under Article 20.6 (Request for an Arbitral
Panel). The panel shall be constituted in accordance with Article 12.18. The panel shall
transmit its final report to the Committee and to the tribunal. The report shall be binding on
the tribunal.
4. Where no request for the establishment of a panel pursuant to paragraph 3 has been
made within ten days of the expiration of the 60-day period referred to in paragraph 3, the
tribunal may proceed to decide the matter.
5. For purposes of this Article, tribunal means a tribunal established under Article 10.19
(Selection of Arbitrators).
cross-border financial service supplier of a Party means a person of a Party that is engaged
in the business of supplying a financial service within the territory of the Party and that seeks
to supply or supplies a financial service through the cross-border supply of such services;
(a) from the territory of one Party into the territory of the other Party,
(b) in the territory of one Party by a person of that Party to a person of the other
Party, or
but does not include the supply of a financial service in the territory of a Party by an
investment in that territory;
financial institution means any financial intermediary or other enterprise that is authorized to
do business and regulated or supervised as a financial institution under the law of the Party in
whose territory it is located;
financial institution of the other Party means a financial institution, including a branch,
located in the territory of a Party that is controlled by persons of the other Party;
financial service means any service of a financial nature. Financial services include all
insurance and insurance-related services, and all banking and other financial services
(excluding insurance), as well as services incidental or auxiliary to a service of a financial
nature. Financial services include the following activities:
(i) life,
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(ii) non-life;
(e) Acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds from the public;
(f) Lending of all types, including consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and
financing of commercial transactions;
(h) All payment and money transmission services, including credit, charge, and
debit cards, travelers checks, and bankers drafts;
(j) Trading for own account or for account of customers, whether on an exchange,
in an over-the-counter market, or otherwise, the following:
(iii) derivative products, including, but not limited to, futures and options;
(iv) exchange rate and interest rate instruments, including products such as
swaps and forward rate agreements;
(n) Settlement and clearing services for financial assets, including securities,
derivative products, and other negotiable instruments;
(o) Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing
and related software by suppliers of other financial services; and
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(p) Advisory, intermediation, and other auxiliary financial services on all the
activities listed in subparagraphs (e) through (o), including credit reference and
analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, and advice on
acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy;
financial service supplier of a Party means a person of a Party that is engaged in the
business of supplying a financial service within the territory of that Party;
investment means “investment” as defined in Article 10.29 (Definitions), except that, with
respect to “loans” and “debt instruments” referred to in that Article:
for greater certainty, a loan granted by or debt instrument owned by a cross-border financial
service supplier, other than a loan to or debt instrument issued by a financial institution, is an
investment for purposes of Chapter 10 (Investment) if such loan or debt instrument meets the
criteria for investments set out in Article 10.29 (Definitions);
investor of a Party means a Party or state enterprise thereof, or a person of a Party, that
attempts to make, is making, or has made an investment in the territory of the other Party;
provided, however, that a natural person who is a dual national shall be deemed to be
exclusively a national of the State of his or her dominant and effective nationality;
new financial service means a financial service not supplied in the Party’s territory that is
supplied within the territory of the other Party, and includes any new form of delivery of a
financial service or the sale of a financial product that is not sold in the Party’s territory;
person of a Party means “person of a Party” as defined in Article 2.1 (Definitions of General
Application) and, for greater certainty, does not include a branch of an enterprise of a non-
Party;
public entity means a central bank or monetary authority of a Party, or any financial
institution owned or controlled by a Party; and
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Annex 12.5.1
Cross-Border Trade
Section A: Panama
(i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and
freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or all of
the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the
goods, and any liability arising therefrom; and
(c) insurance intermediation such as brokerage and agency only for the services
indicated in subparagraphs (a) and (b); and
3. Paragraph 1(a)(i) shall not apply to insurance of risk relating to commercial aviation
until two years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
4. Article 12.5.1 applies only with respect to the provision and transfer of financial
information and financial data processing and related software as referred to in subparagraph
(o) of the definition of financial service, and advisory and other auxiliary financial services,
excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services as referred to in
subparagraph (p) of the definition of financial service.
4
It is understood that the commitment for cross-border movement of persons is limited to those insurance and
insurance-related services indicated in paragraph 1.
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Section B: United States
(i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and
freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or all of
the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the
goods, and any liability arising therefrom; and
3. Article 12.5.1 applies only with respect to the provision and transfer of financial
information and financial data processing and related software as referred to in subparagraph
(o) of the definition of financial service, and advisory and other auxiliary financial services,
excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services as referred to in
subparagraph (p) of the definition of financial service.
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Annex 12.9.2
Specific Commitments
Portfolio Management
1. Each Party shall allow a financial institution (other than a trust company), organized
outside its territory, to provide investment advice and portfolio management services,
excluding (a) custodial services, (b) trustee services, and (c) execution services that are not
related to managing a collective investment scheme, to a collective investment scheme located
in its territory. This commitment is subject to Articles 12.1 and 12.5.3.
(a) for Panama, an investment company registered with the National Securities
Commission of Panama under Decree Law 1 of July 8, 1999; and
(b) for the United States, an investment company registered with the Securities
and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
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Annex 12.15.2
Section A: Panama
Panama requires prior product approval before the introduction of a new insurance
product. Panama shall provide that once an enterprise seeking approval for such a product
files the information with Panama’s supervisory authority, the authority shall grant approval
or issue disapproval in accordance with Panama’s law for the sale of the new product within
30 days. Panama does not maintain any limitations on the number or frequency of product
introductions.
The United States should endeavor to maintain existing opportunities or may wish to
consider policies or procedures such as: not requiring product approval for insurance other
than insurance sold to individuals or compulsory insurance; allowing introduction of products
unless those products are disapproved within a reasonable period of time; and not imposing
limitations on the number or frequency of product introductions.
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Annex 12.16.1
(b) in the case of the United States, the Department of Treasury for banking and
other financial services and the Office of the United States Trade
Representative, in coordination with the Department of Commerce and other
agencies, for insurance,
or their successors.
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Chapter Thirteen
Telecommunications
2. Except to ensure that enterprises operating broadcast stations and cable systems have
continued access to and use of public telecommunications services, this Chapter does not
apply to any measure adopted or maintained by a Party relating to broadcast or cable
distribution of radio or television programming.
(b) require a Party to compel any enterprise exclusively engaged in the broadcast
or cable distribution of radio or television programming to make available its
broadcast or cable facilities as a public telecommunications network; or
(c) prevent a Party from prohibiting persons operating private networks from using
their networks to supply public telecommunications networks or services to
third parties.
1. Each Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party have access to and use of any
public telecommunications service, including leased circuits, offered in its territory or across
its borders, on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, including as set out in
paragraphs 2 through 6.
2. Each Party shall ensure that such enterprises are permitted to:
(a) purchase or lease, and attach terminal or other equipment that interfaces with a
public telecommunications network;
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(c) connect owned or leased circuits with public telecommunications networks and
services in the territory, or across the borders, of that Party or with circuits
leased or owned by another person;
3. Each Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party may use public
telecommunications services for the movement of information in its territory or across its
borders and for access to information contained in databases or otherwise stored in machine-
readable form in the territory of either Party.
4. Notwithstanding paragraph 3, a Party may take such measures as are necessary to:
subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner that would
constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or disguised restriction on trade
in services.
5. Each Party shall ensure that no condition is imposed on access to and use of public
telecommunications networks or services, other than that necessary to:
6. Provided that conditions for access to and use of public telecommunications networks
or services satisfy the criteria set out in paragraph 5, such conditions may include:
Interconnection
1
This Article is subject to Annex 13.3. Paragraphs 2 through 4 of Article 13.3 do not apply with respect to
suppliers of commercial mobile services. Nothing in this Article shall be construed to preclude a Party from
imposing the requirements set out in this Article on suppliers of commercial mobile services.
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1. (a) Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services in
its territory provide, directly or indirectly, interconnection with the suppliers of
public telecommunications services of the other Party.
(b) In carrying out subparagraph (a), each Party shall ensure that suppliers of
public telecommunications services in its territory take reasonable steps to
protect the confidentiality of commercially sensitive information of, or relating
to, suppliers and end-users of public telecommunications services and only use
such information for the purpose of providing those services.
(c) Each Party shall provide its telecommunications regulatory body the authority
to require public telecommunications suppliers to file their interconnection
agreements.
Resale
2. Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services do not
impose unreasonable or discriminatory conditions or limitations on the resale of those
services.
Number Portability
3. Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services in its
territory provide number portability to the extent technically feasible, on a timely basis, and on
reasonable terms and conditions.
Dialing Parity
4. Each Party shall ensure that suppliers of public telecommunications services in its
territory provide dialing parity to suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other
Party, and afford suppliers of public telecommunications services of the other Party non-
discriminatory access to telephone numbers and related services with no unreasonable dialing
delays.
1. Each Party shall ensure that any major supplier in its territory accord suppliers of
public telecommunications services of the other Party treatment no less favorable than such
major supplier accords to itself, its subsidiaries, its affiliates, or non-affiliated service
suppliers regarding:
2
This Article is subject to Annex 13.3. Article 13.4 does not apply with respect to commercial mobile services.
This Article is without prejudice to any rights or obligations that a Party may have under the GATS, and nothing
in this Article shall be construed to preclude a Party from imposing the requirements set out in this Article on
suppliers of commercial mobile services.
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Competitive Safeguards
2. (a) Each Party shall maintain appropriate measures for the purpose of preventing
suppliers who, alone or together, are a major supplier in its territory from
engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
Resale
4. (a) Each Party shall provide its telecommunications regulatory body the authority
to require major suppliers in its territory to offer access to network elements on
an unbundled basis on terms, conditions, and at cost-oriented rates that are
reasonable, non-discriminatory, and transparent for the supply of public
telecommunications services.
(b) Each Party may determine the network elements required to be made available
in its territory, and the suppliers that may obtain such elements, in accordance
with its law and regulations.
Interconnection
Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory provide
interconnection for the facilities and equipment of suppliers of public
telecommunications services of the other Party:
3
Where provided in its law or regulations, a Party may prohibit a reseller that obtains, at wholesale rates, a
public telecommunications service available at retail to only a limited category of subscribers from offering the
service to a different category of subscribers.
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(i) at any technically feasible point in the major supplier’s network;
(iii) of a quality no less favorable than that provided by such major suppliers
for their own like services, for like services of non-affiliated service
suppliers, or for their subsidiaries or other affiliates;
Each Party shall make publicly available the applicable procedures for
interconnection negotiations with major suppliers in its territory.
(i) Each Party shall require major suppliers in its territory to file all
interconnection agreements to which they are party with its
telecommunications regulatory body or other relevant body.
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(ii) Each Party shall make publicly available interconnection agreements in
force between major suppliers in its territory and other suppliers of
public telecommunications services in its territory.
6. (a) Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory provide enterprises
of the other Party leased circuits services that are public telecommunications
services on terms, conditions, and at rates that are reasonable and non-
discriminatory.
(b) In carrying out subparagraph (a), each Party shall provide its
telecommunications regulatory body the authority to require major suppliers in
its territory to offer leased circuits services that are public telecommunications
services to enterprises of the other Party at flat-rate, cost-oriented prices.
Co-location
7. (a) Subject to subparagraphs (b) and (c), each Party shall ensure that major
suppliers in its territory provide to suppliers of public telecommunications
services of the other Party physical co-location of equipment necessary for
interconnection on terms, conditions, and at cost-oriented rates that are
reasonable, non-discriminatory, and transparent.
(b) Where physical co-location is not practical for technical reasons or because of
space limitations, each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory:
(c) Each Party may specify in its law or regulations which premises are subject to
subparagraphs (a) and (b).
Access to Rights-of-Way
8. Each Party shall ensure that major suppliers in its territory afford access to their poles,
ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way to suppliers of public telecommunications services of the
other Party on terms, conditions, and at rates that are reasonable and non-discriminatory.
Each Party shall ensure reasonable and non-discriminatory treatment for access to
submarine cable systems (including landing facilities) in its territory, where a supplier is
authorized to operate a submarine cable system as a public telecommunications service.
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Article 13.6: Conditions for the Supply of Information Services
1. Neither Party may require an enterprise in its territory that it classifies4 as a supplier of
information services and that supplies such services over facilities that it does not own to:
(d) interconnect its networks with any particular customer for the supply of such
services; or
1. Each Party shall ensure that its telecommunications regulatory body is separate from,
and not accountable to, any supplier of public telecommunications services. To this end, each
Party shall ensure that its telecommunications regulatory body does not hold a financial
interest or maintain an operating role in any such supplier.
2. Each Party shall ensure that the decisions and procedures of its telecommunications
regulatory body are impartial with respect to all interested persons. To this end, each Party
shall ensure that any financial interest that it holds in a supplier of public telecommunications
services does not influence the decisions and procedures of its telecommunications regulatory
body.
Each Party shall administer any universal service obligation that it maintains in a
transparent, non-discriminatory, and competitively neutral manner and shall ensure that its
universal service obligation is not more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal
service that it has defined.
4
For purposes of this Article, each Party’s telecommunications regulatory body may classify which services in
its territory are information services.
5
Each Party shall endeavor to ensure that its telecommunications regulatory body has adequate resources to
carry out its functions.
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Article 13.9: Licenses and Other Authorizations
(b) the time it normally requires to reach a decision concerning an application for a
license, concession, permit, registration, or other type of authorization; and
(c) the terms and conditions of all licenses or authorizations it has issued.
2. Each Party shall ensure that, on request, an applicant receives the reasons for the
denial of a license, concession, permit, registration, or other type of authorization.
1. Each Party shall administer its procedures for the allocation and use of scarce
telecommunications resources, including frequencies, numbers, and rights-of-way, in an
objective, timely, transparent, and non-discriminatory manner.
2. Each Party shall make publicly available the current state of allocated frequency bands
but shall not be required to provide detailed identification of frequencies allocated for specific
government uses.
3. For greater certainty, a Party’s measures regarding the allocation and assignment of
spectrum and regarding frequency management are not measures that are per se inconsistent
with Article 11.4 (Market Access), which is applied to Chapter Ten (Investment) through
Article 11.1.3 (Scope and Coverage). Accordingly, each Party retains the right to establish
and apply its spectrum and frequency management policies, which may limit the number of
suppliers of public telecommunications services, provided that it does so in a manner that is
consistent with the relevant provisions of this Agreement. Each Party also retains the right to
allocate frequency bands taking into account present and future needs.
Each Party shall provide its competent authority with the authority to establish and
enforce the Party’s measures relating to the obligations set out in Articles 13.2 through 13.5.
Such authority shall include the ability to impose effective sanctions, which may include
financial penalties, injunctive relief (on an interim or final basis), or the modification,
suspension, and revocation of licenses or other authorizations.
Further to Articles 18.4 (Administrative Proceedings) and 18.5 (Review and Appeal),
each Party shall ensure the following:
(a) (i) enterprises of the other Party may seek review by a telecommunications
regulatory body or other relevant body to resolve disputes regarding the
13-8
Party’s measures relating to a matter set out in Articles 13.2 through
13.5;6
Reconsideration
(b) any enterprise that is aggrieved or whose interests are adversely affected by a
determination or decision of the Party’s telecommunications regulatory body
may petition the body to reconsider that determination or decision;8 and
Judicial Review
(c) any enterprise that is aggrieved or whose interests are adversely affected by a
determination or decision of the Party’s telecommunications regulatory body
may obtain judicial review of such determination or decision by an
independent judicial authority.
(b) interested persons are provided with adequate advance public notice of, and the
opportunity to comment on, any rulemaking that its telecommunications
regulatory body proposes; and
(c) its measures relating to public telecommunications services are made publicly
available, including:
6
For Panama, the regulatory body shall be the Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios Publicos or its successor.
7
For the United States, this body may be a state regulatory authority.
8
With respect to Panama, the regulatory body shall issue its determination or decision on a petition for
reconsideration within two months of the date on which the petition is filed. During the period of
reconsideration, the determination or decision under reconsideration shall be suspended.
With respect to the United States, a petition for reconsideration may not constitute grounds for non-compliance
with the determination or decision of the telecommunications regulatory body, unless an appropriate authority
stays the determination or decision.
13-9
(B) specifications of technical interfaces;
The Parties recognize the importance of relying on market forces to achieve wide
choice in the supply of telecommunications services. To this end, each Party may forbear
from applying a regulation to a service that the Party classifies as a public telecommunications
service, if its telecommunications regulatory body determines that:
(c) forbearance is consistent with the public interest, including promoting and
enhancing competition between suppliers of public telecommunications
services.
In the event of any inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter, this
Chapter shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency.
9
For greater certainty, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent a telecommunications regulatory
body from requiring the proper license or other authorization to supply each public telecommunications service.
13-10
cost-oriented means based on cost, and may include a reasonable profit,10 and may involve
different cost methodologies for different facilities or services;
dialing parity means the ability of an end-user to use an equal number of digits to access a
like public telecommunications service, regardless of the public telecommunications service
supplier chosen by such end-user;
enterprise of the other Party means both an enterprise constituted or organized under the
law of the other Party and an enterprise owned or controlled by a person of the other Party;
information service means the offering of a capability for generating, acquiring, storing,
transforming, processing, retrieving, utilizing, or making available information via
telecommunications, and includes electronic publishing, but does not include any use of any
such capability for the management, control, or operation of a telecommunications system or
the management of a telecommunications service;
leased circuits means telecommunications facilities between two or more designated points
that are set aside for the dedicated use of or availability to a particular customer or other users
of the customer’s choosing;
major supplier means a supplier of public telecommunications services that has the ability to
materially affect the terms of participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant
market for public telecommunications services as a result of:
non-discriminatory means treatment no less favorable than that accorded to any other user of
like public telecommunications services in like circumstances;
10
For Panama, cost-oriented shall include a reasonable profit.
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number portability means the ability of end-users of public telecommunications services to
retain, at the same location, the same telephone numbers when switching between like
suppliers of public telecommunications services;
physical co-location means physical access to and control over space in order to install,
maintain, or repair equipment, at premises owned or controlled and used by a supplier to
supply public telecommunications services;
telecommunications regulatory body means a national body responsible for the regulation
of telecommunications; and
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Annex 13.3
1. A state regulatory authority in the United States may exempt a rural local exchange
carrier, as defined in section 251(f)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, from
the obligations contained in paragraphs 2 through 4 of Article 13.3 and from the obligations
contained in Article 13.4.
2. Article 13.4 does not apply to rural telephone companies in the United States, as
defined in section 3(37) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, unless a state
regulatory authority orders otherwise.
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Chapter Fourteen
Electronic Commerce
1. The Parties recognize the economic growth and opportunity that electronic commerce
provides, the importance of avoiding barriers to its use and development, and the applicability
of WTO rules to measures affecting electronic commerce.
2. For greater certainty, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent a Party from
imposing internal taxes, directly or indirectly, on digital products, provided they are imposed
in a manner consistent with this Agreement.
For greater certainty, the Parties affirm that measures affecting the supply of a service
using electronic means are subject to the obligations contained in the relevant provisions of
Chapters Ten (Investment), Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services), and Twelve (Financial
Services), subject to any exceptions or non-conforming measures set out in this Agreement,
which are applicable to such obligations.
1. Neither Party may impose customs duties, fees, or other charges on or in connection
with the importation or exportation of digital products by electronic transmission.
2. For purposes of determining applicable customs duties, each Party shall determine the
customs value of an imported carrier medium bearing a digital product based on the cost or
value of the carrier medium alone, without regard to the cost or value of the digital product
stored on the carrier medium.
3. Neither Party may accord less favorable treatment to some digital products transmitted
electronically than it accords to other like digital products transmitted electronically:
(i) the digital products receiving less favorable treatment are created,
produced, published, stored, transmitted, contracted for, commissioned,
or first made available on commercial terms outside its territory; or
(b) so as otherwise to afford protection to the other like digital products that are
created, produced, published, stored, transmitted, contracted for,
commissioned, or first made available on commercial terms in its territory.1
4. Neither Party may accord less favorable treatment to digital products transmitted
electronically:
1
For greater certainty, this paragraph does not provide any right to a non-Party or a person of a non-Party.
14-1
(a) that are created, produced, published, stored, transmitted, contracted for,
commissioned, or first made available on commercial terms in the territory of
the other Party than it accords to like digital products transmitted electronically
that are created, produced, published, stored, transmitted, contracted for,
commissioned, or first made available on commercial terms in the territory of a
non-Party; or
Each Party shall publish or otherwise make available to the public its laws,
regulations, and other measures of general application that pertain to electronic commerce.
Recognizing the global nature of electronic commerce, the Parties affirm the
importance of:
(b) sharing information and experiences on laws, regulations, and programs in the
sphere of electronic commerce, including those related to data privacy,
consumer confidence in electronic commerce, cyber-security, electronic
signatures, intellectual property rights, and electronic government;
carrier medium means any physical object designed principally for use in storing a digital
product by any method now known or later developed, and from which a digital product can
be perceived, reproduced, or communicated, directly or indirectly, and includes an optical
medium, a floppy disk, or a magnetic tape;
14-2
digital products means computer programs, text, video, images, sound recordings, and other
products that are digitally encoded;2
2
For greater certainty, digital products do not include digitized representations of financial instruments.
14-3
Chapter Fifteen
1. Each Party shall, at a minimum, give effect to this Chapter. A Party may, but shall not
be obliged to, implement in its domestic law more extensive protection and enforcement of
intellectual property rights than is required under this Chapter, provided that such protection
and enforcement does not contravene this Chapter.
2. Each Party shall ratify or accede to the following agreements by the date of entry into
force of this Agreement:1
(a) the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
(1991) (UPOV Convention 1991) by January 1, 2010;2 and
4. Each Party shall make all reasonable efforts to ratify or accede to the following
agreements:
(c) the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International
Registration of Marks (1989).
1
For greater certainty, nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent Panama from availing itself of the
transition periods set forth in Article 15.13.2(f), (g), (h), and (m) with respect to the transition period for Article
15.11.14.
2
The Parties recognize that the UPOV Convention 1991 contains exceptions to the breeder’s right, including for
acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes, such as private and non-commercial acts of farmers.
Further, the Parties recognize that the UPOV Convention 1991 provides for restrictions to the exercise of a
breeder’s right for reasons of public interest, provided that the Parties take all measures necessary to ensure that
the breeder receives equitable remuneration. The Parties also understand that each Party may avail itself of these
exceptions and restrictions. Finally, the Parties understand that there is no conflict between the UPOV
Convention 1991 and a Party’s ability to protect and conserve its genetic resources.
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5. Further to Article 1.3 (Relation to Other Agreements), the Parties affirm their existing
rights and obligations under the TRIPS Agreement and intellectual property agreements
concluded or administered under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) and to which they are party.
6. In respect of all categories of intellectual property covered in this Chapter, each Party
shall accord to nationals3 of the other Party treatment no less favorable than it accords to its
own nationals with regard to the protection4 and enjoyment of such intellectual property rights
and any benefits derived from such rights.
7. A Party may derogate from paragraph 6 in relation to its judicial and administrative
procedures, including any procedure requiring a national of the other Party to designate for
service of process an address in its territory or to appoint an agent in its territory, provided
that such derogation:
(a) is necessary to secure compliance with laws and regulations that are not
inconsistent with this Chapter; and
(b) is not applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.
9. Except as it provides otherwise, this Chapter gives rise to obligations in respect of all
subject matter existing on the date of entry into force of this Agreement that is protected on
that date in the Party where protection is claimed, or that meets or comes subsequently to
meet the criteria for protection under this Chapter.
10. Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter, a Party shall not be required to restore
protection to subject matter that on the date of entry into force of this Agreement has fallen
into the public domain in the Party where the protection is claimed.
11. This Chapter does not give rise to obligations in respect of acts that occurred before
the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
12. Each Party shall ensure that all laws, regulations, and procedures concerning the
protection or enforcement of intellectual property rights shall be in writing and shall be
published,5 or where such publication is not practicable, made publicly available, in a national
language in such a manner as to enable governments and right holders to become acquainted
with them, with the object of making the protection and enforcement of intellectual property
rights transparent.
3
For purposes of Articles 15.1.6, 15.1.7, 15.4.2, and 15.7.1, a national of a Party shall also mean, in respect of
the relevant right, an entity of that Party that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in
the agreements listed in Article 15.1.2 through 15.1.4 and the TRIPS Agreement.
4
For purposes of this paragraph, “protection” shall include matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope,
maintenance, and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as matters affecting the use of intellectual
property rights specifically covered by this Chapter. Further, for purposes of this paragraph, “protection” shall
also include the prohibition on circumvention of effective technological measures set out in Article 15.5.7 and
the rights and obligations concerning rights management information set out in Article 15.5.8.
5
A Party may satisfy the requirement for publication by making the measure available to the public on the
Internet.
15-2
13. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to prevent a Party from adopting measures
necessary to prevent anticompetitive practices that may result from the abuse of the
intellectual property rights set out in this Chapter, provided that such measures are consistent
with this Chapter.
1. Each Party shall provide that trademarks shall include collective, certification, and
sound marks, and may include geographical indications and scent marks. A geographical
indication is capable of constituting a mark to the extent that the geographical indication
consists of any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of identifying a good or service as
originating6 in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given
quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the good or service is essentially attributable to
its geographical origin.
2. In view of the obligations of Article 20 of the TRIPS Agreement, each Party shall
ensure that measures mandating the use of the term customary in common language as the
common name for a good or service (“common name”) including, inter alia, requirements
concerning the relative size, placement, or style of use of the trademark in relation to the
common name, do not impair the use or effectiveness of trademarks used in relation to such
goods.
3. Each Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark shall have the
exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner’s consent from using in the
course of trade identical or similar signs, including geographical indications, for goods or
services that are related to those goods or services in respect of which the owner’s trademark
is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In case of the use of
an identical sign, including a geographical indication, for identical goods or services, a
likelihood of confusion shall be presumed.
4. Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark,
such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that such exceptions take account of the
legitimate interest of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.
5. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1967)
(Paris Convention) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services that are not identical or
similar to those identified by a well-known trademark,7 whether registered or not, provided
that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection
between those goods or services and the owner of the trademark, and provided that the
interests of the owner of the trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.
6. Each Party shall provide a system for the registration of trademarks, which shall
include:
6
For purposes of this Chapter, “originating” does not have the meaning ascribed to that term in Article 2.1
(Definitions of General Application).
7
In determining whether a trademark is well known, the reputation of the trademark need not extend beyond the
sector of the public that normally deals with the relevant goods or services.
15-3
(c) an opportunity for interested parties to petition to oppose a trademark
application or to seek cancellation of a trademark after it has been registered;
and
7. Each Party shall provide, to the maximum degree practical, a system for the electronic
application, processing, registration, and maintenance of trademarks, and work to provide, to
the maximum degree practical, a publicly available electronic database – including an on-line
database – of trademark applications and registrations.
8. (a) Each Party shall provide that each registration or publication that concerns a
trademark application or registration and that indicates goods or services shall
indicate the goods or services by their common names, grouped according to
the classes of the classification established by the Nice Agreement Concerning
the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the
Registration of Marks (1979), as revised and amended (Nice Classification).
(b) Each Party shall provide that goods or services may not be considered as being
similar to each other solely on the ground that, in any registration or
publication, they appear in the same class of the Nice Classification.
Conversely, each Party shall provide that goods or services may not be
considered as being dissimilar from each other solely on the ground that, in any
registration or publication, they appear in different classes of the Nice
Classification.
9. Each Party shall provide that initial registration and each renewal of registration of a
trademark shall be for a term of no less than ten years.
10. Neither Party may require recordal of trademark licenses to establish the validity of
the license, to assert any rights in a trademark, or for other purposes.8
Definition
1. For purposes of this Article, geographical indications are indications that identify a
good as originating in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a
given quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its
geographical origin. Any sign or combination of signs, in any form whatsoever, shall be
eligible to be a geographical indication.
2. Each Party shall provide the legal means to identify9 and protect geographical
indications of the other Party that meet the criteria of paragraph 1. Each Party shall provide
the means for persons of the other Party to apply for protection or petition for recognition of
8
A Party may establish a means to allow licensees to record licenses for the purpose of providing notice to the
public as to the existence of the license. However, neither Party may make notice to the public a requirement for
asserting any rights under the license.
9
For purposes of this paragraph, legal means to identify means a system that permits applicants to provide
information on the quality, reputation, or other characteristics of the asserted geographical indication.
15-4
geographical indications. Each Party shall accept applications and petitions from persons of
the other Party without the requirement for intercession by that Party on behalf of its persons.
3. Each Party shall process applications or petitions, as the case may be, for geographical
indications with a minimum of formalities.
4. Each Party shall make its regulations governing filing of such applications or petitions,
as the case may be, readily available to the public.
5. Each Party shall ensure that applications or petitions, as the case may be, for
geographical indications are published for opposition, and shall provide procedures for
opposing geographical indications that are the subject of applications or petitions. Each Party
shall also provide procedures to cancel any registration resulting from an application or a
petition.
6. Each Party shall ensure that measures governing the filing of applications or petitions,
as the case may be, for geographical indications set out clearly the procedures for these
actions. Each Party shall make available contact information sufficient to allow (a) the
general public to obtain guidance concerning the procedures for filing applications or
petitions and the processing of those applications or petitions in general; and (b) applicants,
petitioners, or their representatives to ascertain the status of, and to obtain procedural
guidance concerning, specific applications and petitions.
7. Each Party shall ensure that grounds for refusing protection or recognition of a
geographical indication include the following:
1. In order to address trademark cyber-piracy, each Party shall require that the
management of its country-code top-level domain (ccTLD) provides an appropriate procedure
for the settlement of disputes based on the principles established in the Uniform Domain-
Name Dispute-Resolution Policy.
2. Each Party shall require that the management of its ccTLD provides on-line public
access to a reliable and accurate database of contact information for domain-name registrants.
In determining the appropriate contact information, the management of a Party’s ccTLD may
give due regard to the Party’s laws protecting the privacy of its nationals.
10
For purposes of this paragraph, the Parties understand that each Party has already established grounds for
refusing protection of a trademark under its law, including that (a) the trademark is likely to be confusingly
similar to a geographical indication that is the subject of a registration; and (b) the trademark is likely to be
confusingly similar to a pre-existing geographical indication, the rights to which have been acquired in
accordance with the Party’s law.
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Article 15.5: Obligations Pertaining to Copyright and Related Rights
1. Each Party shall provide that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms11
have the right12 to authorize or prohibit all reproductions of their works, performances, or
phonograms, in any manner or form, permanent or temporary (including temporary storage in
electronic form).13
2. Each Party shall provide to authors, performers, and producers of phonograms the
right to authorize the making available to the public of the original and copies of their works,
performances, and phonograms14 through sale or other transfer of ownership.
3. In order to ensure that no hierarchy is established between rights of authors, on the one
hand, and rights of performers and producers of phonograms, on the other hand, each Party
shall establish that in cases where authorization is needed from both the author of a work
embodied in a phonogram and a performer or producer owning rights in the phonogram, the
need for the authorization of the author does not cease to exist because the authorization of
the performer or producer is also required. Likewise, each Party shall establish that in cases
where authorization is needed from both the author of a work embodied in a phonogram and
of a performer or producer owning rights in the phonogram, the need for the authorization of
the performer or producer does not cease to exist because the authorization of the author is
also required.
4. Each Party shall provide that, where the term of protection of a work (including a
photographic work), performance, or phonogram is to be calculated:
(a) on the basis of the life of a natural person, the term shall be not less than the
life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death; and
(b) on a basis other than the life of a natural person, the term shall be:
(i) not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the first
authorized publication of the work, performance, or phonogram, or
(ii) failing such authorized publication within 50 years from the creation of
the work, performance, or phonogram, not less than 70 years from the
end of the calendar year of the creation of the work, performance, or
phonogram.
5. Each Party shall apply the provisions of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and
Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement, mutatis mutandis, to the subject matter, rights, and
obligations provided for in this Article and Articles 15.6 and 15.7.
6. Each Party shall provide that for copyright and related rights:
11
References in this Chapter to “authors, performers, and producers of phonograms” include any successors in
interest.
12
With respect to copyrights and related rights in this Chapter, a right to authorize or prohibit or a right to
authorize means an exclusive right.
13
The Parties understand that the reproduction right as set out in this paragraph and in Article 9 of the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971) (Berne Convention) and the exceptions
permitted under the Berne Convention and Article 15.5.10(a) fully apply in the digital environment, in particular
to the use of works in digital form.
14
With respect to copyright and related rights in this Chapter, a “performance” refers to a performance fixed in
a phonogram, unless otherwise specified.
15-6
(a) any person acquiring or holding any economic right in a work, performance, or
phonogram may freely and separately transfer such right by contract; and
(b) any person acquiring or holding any such economic right by virtue of a
contract, including contracts of employment underlying the creation of works
and performances, and production of phonograms, shall be able to exercise
such right in that person’s own name and enjoy fully the benefits derived from
such right.
7. (a) In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies
against the circumvention of effective technological measures that authors,
performers, and producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise
of their rights and that restrict unauthorized acts in respect of their works,
performances, and phonograms, each Party shall provide that any person who:
shall be liable and subject to the remedies provided for in Article 15.11.14.
Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied
when any person, other than a nonprofit library, archive, educational
institution, or public non-commercial broadcasting entity, is found to have
engaged willfully and for purposes of commercial advantage or private
financial gain in any of the foregoing activities.
(c) Each Party shall provide that a violation of a measure implementing this
paragraph is a separate civil cause of action or criminal offense, independent of
any infringement that might occur under the Party’s law on copyright and
related rights.
(d) Each Party shall confine exceptions to any measures implementing the
prohibition in subparagraph (a)(ii) on technology, products, services, or devices
that circumvent effective technological measures that control access to, and, in
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the case of clause (i), that protect any of the exclusive rights of copyright or
related rights in, a protected work, performance, or phonogram referred to in
subparagraph (a)(ii), to the following activities, provided that they do not
impair the adequacy of legal protection or the effectiveness of legal remedies
against the circumvention of effective technological measures:
(iii) the inclusion of a component or part for the sole purpose of preventing
the access of minors to inappropriate on-line content in a technology,
product, service, or device that itself is not prohibited under the
measures implementing subparagraph (a)(ii); and
(iv) noninfringing good faith activities that are authorized by the owner of a
computer, computer system, or computer network for the sole purpose
of testing, investigating, or correcting the security of that computer,
computer system, or computer network.
(e) Each Party shall confine exceptions to any measures implementing the
prohibition referred to in subparagraph (a)(i) to the activities listed in
subparagraph (d) and the following activities, provided that they do not impair
the adequacy of legal protection or the effectiveness of legal remedies against
the circumvention of effective technological measures:
(ii) noninfringing activities for the sole purpose of identifying and disabling
a capability to carry out undisclosed collection or dissemination of
personally identifying information reflecting the on-line activities of a
natural person in a way that has no other effect on the ability of any
person to gain access to any work; and
15-8
proceeding by substantial evidence that there is a continuing actual or
likely adverse impact on the particular noninfringing use.
(f) Each Party may provide exceptions to any measures implementing the
prohibitions referred to in subparagraph (a) for lawfully authorized activities
carried out by government employees, agents, or contractors for law
enforcement, intelligence, essential security, or similar governmental purposes.
8. In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies to protect
rights management information:
(a) Each Party shall provide that any person who, without authority, and knowing,
or, with respect to civil remedies, having reasonable grounds to know, that it
would induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any copyright or
related right,
shall be liable and subject to the remedies provided for in Article 15.11.14.
Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied
when any person, other than a nonprofit library, archive, educational
institution, or public non-commercial broadcasting entity, is found to have
engaged willfully and for purposes of commercial advantage or private
financial gain in any of the foregoing activities.
(ii) information about the terms and conditions of the use of the work,
performance, or phonogram; or
15-9
when any of these items is attached to a copy of the work, performance, or
phonogram or appears in connection with the communication or making
available of a work, performance, or phonogram to the public. Nothing in this
paragraph shall obligate a Party to require the owner of any right in the work,
performance, or phonogram to attach rights management information to copies
of the work, performance, or phonogram, or to cause rights management
information to appear in connection with a communication of the work,
performance, or phonogram to the public.
9. In order to confirm that all agencies at the central level of government use computer
software only as authorized, each Party shall issue appropriate laws, orders, regulations, or
decrees to actively regulate the acquisition and management of software for such use. These
measures may take the form of procedures such as preparing and maintaining inventories of
software on agency computers and inventories of software licenses.
10. (a) With respect to Articles 15.5, 15.6, and 15.7, each Party shall confine
limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases that do not
conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance, or phonogram,
and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
(b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) and Article 15.7.3(b), neither Party may
permit the retransmission of television signals (whether terrestrial, cable, or
satellite) on the Internet without the authorization of the right holder or right
holders of the content of the signal and, if any, of the signal.
Without prejudice to Articles 11(1)(ii), 11bis(1)(i) and (ii), 11ter(1)(ii), 14(1)(ii), and
14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, each Party shall provide to authors the exclusive right to
authorize or prohibit the communication to the public of their works, directly or indirectly, by
wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a
way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time
individually chosen by them.
1. Each Party shall accord the rights provided for in this Chapter with respect to
performers and producers of phonograms to the performers and producers of phonograms
who are nationals of the other Party and to performances or phonograms first published or
fixed in the territory of a Party. A performance or phonogram shall be considered first
published in the territory of a Party in which it is published within 30 days of its original
publication.15
3. (a) Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms the right
to authorize or prohibit the broadcasting or any communication to the public of
their performances or phonograms, by wire or wireless means, including the
15
For purposes of this Article, fixation includes the finalization of the master tape or its equivalent.
15-10
making available to the public of those performances and phonograms in such
a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time
individually chosen by them.
(b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) and Article 15.5.10, the application of this
right to traditional free over-the-air noninteractive broadcasting, and exceptions
or limitations to this right for such broadcasting, shall be a matter of domestic
law.
(c) Each Party may adopt limitations to this right in respect of other noninteractive
transmissions in accordance with Article 15.5.10, provided that the limitations
do not prejudice the right of the performer or producer of phonograms to obtain
equitable remuneration.
4. Neither Party may subject the enjoyment and exercise of the rights of performers and
producers of phonograms provided for in this Chapter to any formality.
5. For purposes of this Article and Article 15.5, the following definitions apply with
respect to performers and producers of phonograms:
(a) performers means actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who
act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret, or otherwise perform literary or
artistic works or expressions of folklore;
(d) producer of a phonogram means the person, or the legal entity, who or which
takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds
of a performance or other sounds, or the representations of sounds;
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Article 15.8: Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite Signals
2. Each Party shall provide for civil remedies, including compensatory damages, for any
person injured by any activity described in paragraph 1, including any person that holds an
interest in the encrypted programming signal or its content.
1. Each Party shall make patents available for any invention, whether a product or a
process, in all fields of technology, provided that the invention is new, involves an inventive
step, and is capable of industrial application. For purposes of this Article, a Party may treat
the terms “inventive step” and “capable of industrial application” as being synonymous with
the terms “non-obvious” and “useful,” respectively.
3. A Party may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent,
provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the
patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking
account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
4. Without prejudice to Article 5.A(3) of the Paris Convention, each Party shall provide
that a patent may be revoked or cancelled only on grounds that would have justified a refusal
to grant the patent. However, a Party may also provide that fraud, misrepresentation, or
inequitable conduct may be the basis for revoking, canceling, or holding a patent
unenforceable.
5. Consistent with paragraph 3, if a Party permits a third person to use the subject matter
of a subsisting patent to generate information necessary to support an application for
marketing approval of a pharmaceutical or agricultural chemical product, that Party shall
provide that any product produced under such authority shall not be made, used, or sold in the
territory of that Party other than for purposes related to generating information to meet
requirements for approval to market the product once the patent expires, and if the Party
permits exportation, the product shall only be exported outside the territory of that Party for
purposes of meeting marketing approval requirements of that Party.
6. (a) Each Party shall make best efforts to process patent applications and marketing
approval applications expeditiously with a view to avoiding unreasonable
15-12
delays. The Parties shall cooperate and provide assistance to one another to
achieve these objectives.
(b) Each Party, at the request of the patent owner, shall adjust the term of a patent,
other than a patent for a pharmaceutical product, to compensate for
unreasonable delays that occur in granting the patent. Each Party, at the
request of the patent owner, may adjust the term of a patent for a
pharmaceutical product to compensate for unreasonable delays that occur in
granting the patent. For purposes of this subparagraph, an unreasonable delay
shall at least include a delay in the issuance of the patent of more than five
years from the date of filing of the application in the territory of the Party, or
three years after a request for examination of the application has been made,
whichever is later, provided that periods attributable to actions of the patent
applicant need not be included in the determination of such delays.
(c) With respect to any pharmaceutical product that is covered by a patent, each
Party may make available a restoration of the patent term to compensate the
patent owner for unreasonable curtailment of the effective patent term resulting
from the marketing approval process related to the first commercial marketing
of the product in that Party.
8. Each Party shall provide patent applicants with at least one opportunity to submit
amendments, corrections, and observations in connection with their applications.
9. Each Party shall provide that a disclosure of a claimed invention shall be considered to
be sufficiently clear and complete if it provides information that allows the invention to be
made and used by a person skilled in the art, without undue experimentation, as of the filing
date.
10. Each Party shall provide that a claimed invention is sufficiently supported by its
disclosure if the disclosure reasonably conveys to a person skilled in the art that the applicant
was in possession of the claimed invention as of the filing date.
11. Each Party shall provide that a claimed invention is industrially applicable if it has a
specific, substantial, and credible utility.
16
Where a Party, on the date it implemented the TRIPS Agreement, had in place a system for protecting
agricultural chemical products not involving new chemical entities from unfair commercial use that conferred a
period of protection shorter than that specified in paragraph 1, that Party may retain such system notwithstanding
the obligations of paragraph 1.
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(b) If a Party permits, as a condition of approving the marketing of a new
agricultural chemical product, third persons to submit evidence concerning the
safety or efficacy of a product that was previously approved in another
territory, such as evidence of prior marketing approval, the Party shall not
permit third persons, without the consent of the person who previously
obtained such approval in the other territory, to obtain authorization or to
market a product on the basis of (1) evidence of prior marketing approval in
the other territory, or (2) information concerning safety or efficacy that was
previously submitted to obtain marketing approval in the other territory, for at
least ten years from the date approval was granted in the Party’s territory to the
person who received approval in the other territory. In order to receive
protection under this subparagraph, a Party may require that the person
providing the information in the other territory seek approval in the territory of
the Party within five years after obtaining marketing approval in the other
territory.
(c) For the purposes of this Article, a new agricultural product is one that contains
a chemical entity that has not been previously approved in the territory of the
Party for use in an agricultural product.
(d) For purposes of this paragraph, each Party shall protect such undisclosed
information against disclosure except where necessary to protect the public,
and neither Party may consider information accessible within the public
domain as undisclosed data. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any undisclosed
information concerning safety and efficacy submitted to a Party, or an entity
acting on behalf of a Party, for purposes of obtaining marketing approval is
disclosed by such entity, the Party is still required to protect such information
from unfair commercial use in the manner set forth in this Article.
Pharmaceutical Products
(b) Each Party shall provide that for data subject to subparagraph (a) that are
submitted to the Party after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, no
person other than the person that submitted them may, without the latter’s
permission, rely on such data in support of an application for product approval
during a reasonable period of time after their submission. For this purpose, a
reasonable period shall normally mean five years from the date on which the
Party granted approval to the person that produced the data for approval to
market its product, taking account of the nature of the data and person’s efforts
and expenditures in producing them.17 Subject to this provision, there shall be
17
Where a Party, on the date it implemented the TRIPS Agreement, had in place a system for protecting
pharmaceutical products not involving new chemical entities from unfair commercial use that conferred a period
of protection shorter than that specified in paragraph 2, that Party may retain such system notwithstanding the
obligations of paragraph 2.
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no limitation on any Party to implement abbreviated approval procedures for
such products on the basis of bioequivalence or bioavailability studies.
(c) Where a Party relies on a marketing approval granted by the other Party, and
grants approval within six months of the filing of a complete application for
marketing approval filed in the Party, the reasonable period of exclusive use of
the data submitted in connection with obtaining the approval relied on shall
begin with the date of the first marketing approval relied on.
(d) A Party need not apply the provisions of subparagraphs (a), (b), and (c) with
respect to a pharmaceutical product that contains a chemical entity that has
been previously approved in the territory of the Party for use in a
pharmaceutical product.
(e) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (a), (b), and (c), a Party may take measures to
protect public health in accordance with:
(ii) any waiver of any provision of the TRIPS Agreement granted by WTO
Members in accordance with the WTO Agreement to implement the
Declaration and in force between the Parties; and
(b) a transparent system to provide notice to a patent holder that another person is
seeking to market an approved pharmaceutical product during the term of a
patent covering the product or its approved method of use; and
(c) sufficient time and opportunity for a patent holder to seek, prior to the
marketing of an allegedly infringing product, available remedies for an
infringing product.
(a) implementing measures in its marketing approval process to prevent such other
persons from marketing a product covered by a patent claiming the previously
approved product or its approved use during the term of that patent, unless by
consent or acquiescence of the patent owner; and
(b) providing that the patent owner shall be informed of the request and the
identity of any such other person who requests approval to enter the market
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during the term of a patent identified as claiming the approved product or its
approved use;
General Provisions
General Obligations
1. Each Party understands that procedures and remedies required under this Article for
enforcement of intellectual property rights are established in accordance with:
(a) the principles of due process that each Party recognizes; and
(a) to put in place a judicial system for the enforcement of intellectual property
rights distinct from that for the enforcement of law in general; or
(b) with respect to the distribution of resources for the enforcement of intellectual
property rights and the enforcement of law in general.
The Parties understand that the decisions that a Party makes on the distribution of
enforcement resources shall not excuse that Party from complying with this Chapter.
3. Each Party shall provide that final judicial decisions or administrative rulings of
general applicability pertaining to the enforcement of intellectual property rights shall be in
writing and shall state any relevant findings of fact and the reasoning or the legal basis on
which the decisions and rulings are based. Each Party shall provide that such decisions or
rulings shall be published,19 or where such publication is not practicable, otherwise made
publicly available, in a national language in such a manner as to enable governments and right
holders to become acquainted with them.
18
A Party may comply with clause (d) by providing a period of marketing exclusivity for the first applicant to
successfully challenge the validity or applicability of the patent.
19
A Party may satisfy the requirement for publication by making the document available to the public on the
Internet.
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4. Each Party shall publicize information that it may collect on its efforts to provide
effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in its civil, administrative, and criminal
system, including any statistical information.
(a) the person whose name is indicated as the author, producer, performer, or
publisher of the work, performance, or phonogram in the usual manner, shall,
in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to be the designated right
holder in such work, performance, or phonogram; and
(b) it shall be presumed, in the absence of proof to the contrary, that the copyright
or related right subsists in such subject matter.
6. Each Party shall make available to right holders20 civil judicial procedures concerning
the enforcement of any intellectual property right.
(i) damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder has
suffered as a result of the infringement; and
8. In civil judicial proceedings, each Party shall, at least with respect to civil judicial
proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting,
establish or maintain pre-established damages as an alternative to actual damages. Such pre-
established damages shall be set out in domestic law and determined by the judicial
authorities in an amount sufficient to compensate the right holder for the harm caused by the
infringement and constitute a deterrent to future infringements.
9. Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, except in exceptional
circumstances, shall have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings
concerning copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, that the
prevailing party shall be awarded payment of court costs or fees and reasonable attorney’s
fees by the losing party. Further, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, at least
20
For the purpose of this Article, the term “right holder” shall include federations and associations as well as
exclusive licensees and other duly authorized licensees, as appropriate, having the legal standing and authority to
assert such rights. The term “licensee” shall include the licensee of any one or more of the exclusive intellectual
property rights encompassed in a given intellectual property.
15-17
in exceptional circumstances, shall have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil
judicial proceedings concerning patent infringement, that the prevailing party be awarded
payment of reasonable attorney’s fees by the losing party.
10. In civil judicial proceedings concerning copyright or related right infringement and
trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities shall have the
authority to order the seizure of suspected infringing goods, any related materials and
implements, and, at least for trademark counterfeiting, documentary evidence relevant to the
infringement.
(a) its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order, at their discretion, the
destruction of the goods that have been found to be pirated or counterfeit;
(b) its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order that materials and
implements that have been used in the manufacture or creation of such pirated
or counterfeit goods be, without compensation of any sort, promptly destroyed
or, in exceptional circumstances, without compensation of any sort, disposed of
outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimize the risks of
further infringements. In considering requests for such destruction, the Party’s
judicial authorities may take into account, inter alia, the gravity of the
infringement, as well as the interests of third parties holding ownership,
possessory, contractual, or secured interests;
(c) the charitable donation of counterfeit trademark goods and goods that infringe
copyright and related rights shall not be ordered by the judicial authorities
without the authorization of the right holder, except that counterfeit trademark
goods may in appropriate cases be donated to charity for use outside the
channels of commerce when the removal of the trademark eliminates the
infringing characteristic of the good and the good is no longer identifiable with
the removed trademark. In no case shall the simple removal of the trademark
unlawfully affixed be sufficient to permit the release of goods into the channels
of commerce.
12. Each Party shall provide that in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement
of intellectual property rights, its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the
infringer to provide any information that the infringer possesses regarding any person
involved in any aspect of the infringement and regarding the means of production or
distribution channel for the infringing goods or services, including the identification of third
persons that are involved in their production and distribution and their distribution channels,
and to provide this information to the right holder. Each Party shall provide that its judicial
authorities shall have the authority to impose sanctions, in appropriate cases, on a party to a
proceeding that fails to abide by valid orders issued by such authorities.
13. To the extent that any civil remedy can be ordered as a result of administrative
procedures on the merits of a case, each Party shall provide that such procedures conform to
principles equivalent in substance to those provided for in this Chapter.
14. Each Party shall provide for civil remedies against the acts described in Article 15.5.7
and 15.5.8. Available civil remedies shall include at least:
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(b) actual damages (plus any profits attributable to the prohibited activity not taken
into account in computing the actual damages) or pre-established damages as
provided in paragraph 8;
(c) payment to the prevailing right holder, at the conclusion of civil judicial
proceedings, of court costs and fees and reasonable attorney’s fees by the party
engaged in the prohibited conduct; and
Neither Party may make damages available against a nonprofit library, archives, educational
institution, or public broadcasting entity that sustains the burden of proving that it was not
aware and had no reason to believe that its acts constituted a prohibited activity.
15. In civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights,
each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order a party to
desist from an infringement, inter alia, to prevent the entry into the channels of commerce in
their jurisdiction of imported goods that involve the infringement of an intellectual property
right, immediately after customs clearance of such goods or to prevent their exportation.
16. In the event that a Party’s judicial or other authorities appoint technical or other
experts in civil proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights and
require that the parties bear the costs of such experts, the Party should seek to ensure that such
costs are closely related, inter alia, to the quantity and nature of work to be performed and do
not unreasonably deter recourse to such proceedings.
Provisional Measures
17. Each Party shall act on requests for relief inaudita altera parte and execute such
requests expeditiously, in accordance with its rules of judicial procedure.
18. Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities shall have the authority to require
the plaintiff to provide any reasonably available evidence in order to satisfy themselves with a
sufficient degree of certainty that the plaintiff’s right is being infringed or that such
infringement is imminent, and to order the plaintiff to provide a reasonable security or
equivalent assurance set at a level sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse, and
so as not to unreasonably deter recourse to such procedures.
20. Each Party shall provide that any right holder initiating procedures for its competent
authorities to suspend the release of suspected counterfeit or confusingly similar trademark
15-19
goods, or pirated copyright goods21 into free circulation is required to provide adequate
evidence to satisfy the competent authorities that, under the laws of the country of
importation, there is prima facie an infringement of the right holder’s intellectual property
right and to supply sufficient information that may reasonably be expected to be within the
right holder’s knowledge to make the suspected goods reasonably recognizable by the
competent authorities. The requirement to provide sufficient information shall not
unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.
21. Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority to
require a right holder initiating procedures for suspension to provide a reasonable security or
equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and the competent authorities and to
prevent abuse. Such security or equivalent assurance shall not unreasonably deter recourse to
these procedures. Each Party shall provide that such security may take a form of an
instrument issued by a financial services provider to hold the importer or owner of the
imported merchandise harmless from any loss or damage resulting from any suspension of the
release of goods in the event the competent authorities determine that the article is not an
infringing good.
22. Where its competent authorities have made a determination that goods are counterfeit
or pirated, a Party shall grant its competent authorities the authority to inform the right holder
of the names and addresses of the consignor, the importer, and the consignee, and of the
quantity of the goods in question.
23. Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities may initiate border measures ex
officio, with respect to imported, exported, or in-transit merchandise suspected of infringing
an intellectual property right, without the need for a formal complaint from a private party or
right holder.
24. Each Party shall provide that goods that have been determined to be pirated or
counterfeit by its competent authorities shall be destroyed, pursuant as appropriate to judicial
order, unless the right holder consents to an alternate disposition, except that counterfeit
trademark goods may in appropriate cases be donated to charity for use outside the channels
of commerce, when the removal of the trademark eliminates the infringing characteristic of
the good and the good is no longer identifiable with the removed trademark. In regard to
counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed shall not
be sufficient to permit the release of the goods into the channels of commerce. In no event
shall the competent authorities be authorized to permit the exportation of counterfeit or
pirated goods or to permit such goods to be subject to other customs procedures, except in
exceptional circumstances.
25. Each Party shall provide that where an application fee or merchandise storage fee is
assessed in connection with border measures to enforce an intellectual property right, the fee
shall not be set at an amount that unreasonably deters recourse to such measures.
21
For purposes of paragraphs 20 through 25:
counterfeit trademark goods means any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorization a trademark
which is identical to the trademark validly registered in respect of such goods, or which cannot be distinguished
in its essential aspects from such a trademark, and which thereby infringes the rights of the owner of the
trademark in question under the law of the country of importation; and
pirated copyright goods means any goods which are copies made without the consent of the right holder or
person duly authorized by the right holder in the country of production and which are made directly or indirectly
from an article where the making of that copy would have constituted an infringement of a copyright or a related
right under the law of the country of importation.
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Criminal Procedures and Remedies
26. (a) Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied at
least in cases of willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright or related rights
piracy on a commercial scale. Willful copyright or related rights piracy on a
commercial scale includes significant willful infringements of copyright or
related rights, for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain,
as well as willful infringements that have no direct or indirect motivation of
financial gain, provided that there is more than a de minimis financial harm.
Each Party shall treat willful importation or exportation of counterfeit or
pirated goods as unlawful activities and provide for criminal penalties to the
same extent as the trafficking or distribution of such goods in domestic
commerce.22
(ii) that its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the seizure
of suspected counterfeit or pirated goods, any related materials and
implements that have been used in the commission of the offense, any
assets traceable to the infringing activity, and any documentary
evidence relevant to the offense. Each Party shall provide that items
that are subject to seizure pursuant to any such judicial order need not
be individually identified so long as they fall within general categories
specified in the order;
(iii) that its judicial authorities shall have the authority to order, among
other measures, (1) the forfeiture of any assets traceable to the
infringing activity, (2) the forfeiture and destruction of all counterfeit or
pirated goods, without compensation of any kind to the defendant, in
order to prevent the re-entry of counterfeit and pirated goods into
channels of commerce, and (3) with respect to willful copyright or
related rights piracy, the forfeiture and destruction of materials and
implements that have been used in the creation of the infringing goods;
and
22
A Party may comply with this subparagraph in relation to exportation through its measures concerning
distribution or trafficking.
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Limitations on Liability for Service Providers
27. For the purpose of providing enforcement procedures that permit effective action
against any act of infringement of copyright23 covered under this Chapter, including
expeditious remedies to prevent infringements, and criminal and civil remedies that constitute
a deterrent to further infringements, each Party shall provide, consistent with the framework
set out in this Article:
(a) legal incentives for service providers to cooperate with copyright owners in
deterring the unauthorized storage and transmission of copyrighted materials;
and
(b) limitations in its law regarding the scope of remedies available against service
providers for copyright infringements that they do not control, initiate or direct,
and that take place through systems or networks controlled or operated by them
or on their behalf, as set out in this subparagraph.24
(i) These limitations shall preclude monetary relief and provide reasonable
restrictions on court-ordered relief to compel or restrain certain actions
for the following functions and shall be confined to those functions:
(ii) These limitations shall apply only where the service provider does not
initiate the chain of transmission of the material and does not select the
material or its recipients (except to the extent that a function described
in clause (i)(D) in itself entails some form of selection).
(iv) With respect to the function referred to in clause (i)(B), the limitations
shall be conditioned on the service provider:
23
For purposes of this paragraph, “copyright” shall also include related rights.
24
The Parties understand that this subparagraph is without prejudice to the availability of defenses to copyright
infringement that are of general applicability.
15-22
(B) complying with rules concerning the refreshing, reloading, or
other updating of the cached material when specified by the
person making the material available on-line in accordance with
a generally accepted industry standard data communications
protocol for the system or network through which that person
makes the material available;
(v) With respect to functions referred to in clauses (i)(C) and (D), the
limitations shall be conditioned on the service provider:
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(viii) If the service provider qualifies for the limitations with respect to the
function referred to in clause (i)(A), court-ordered relief to compel or
restrain certain actions shall be limited to terminating specified
accounts, or to taking reasonable steps to block access to a specific,
non-domestic on-line location. If the service provider qualifies for the
limitations with respect to any other function in clause (i), court-
ordered relief to compel or restrain certain actions shall be limited to
removing or disabling access to the infringing material, terminating
specified accounts, and other remedies that a court may find necessary
provided that such other remedies are the least burdensome to the
service provider among comparably effective forms of relief. Each
Party shall provide that any such relief shall be issued with due regard
for the relative burden to the service provider and harm to the copyright
owner, the technical feasibility and effectiveness of the remedy and
whether less burdensome, comparably effective enforcement methods
are available. Except for orders ensuring the preservation of evidence,
or other orders having no material adverse effect on the operation of the
service provider’s communications network, each Party shall provide
that such relief shall be available only where the service provider has
received notice and an opportunity to appear before the Party’s judicial
authority.
(ix) For purposes of the notice and take down process for the functions
referred to in clauses (i)(C) and (D), each Party shall establish
appropriate procedures for effective notifications of claimed
infringement, and effective counter-notifications by those whose
material is removed or disabled through mistake or misidentification.
At a minimum, each Party shall require that an effective notification of
claimed infringement be a written communication, physically or
electronically signed by a person who represents, under penalty of
perjury or other criminal penalty, that he is an authorized representative
of a right holder in the material that is claimed to have been infringed,
and containing information that is reasonably sufficient to enable the
service provider to identify and locate material that the complaining
party claims in good faith to be infringing and to contact that
complaining party. At a minimum, each Party shall require that an
effective counter-notification contain the same information, mutatis
mutandis, as a notification of claimed infringement, and contain a
statement that the subscriber making the counter-notification consents
to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Party. Each Party shall also
provide for monetary remedies against any person who makes a
knowing material misrepresentation in a notification or counter-
notification that causes injury to any interested party as a result of a
service provider relying on the misrepresentation.
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(xi) Each Party shall establish an administrative or judicial procedure
enabling copyright owners who have given effective notification of
claimed infringement to obtain expeditiously from a service provider
information in its possession identifying the alleged infringer.
1. The Parties affirm their commitment to the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and
Public Health (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2).
2. The Parties have reached the following understandings regarding this Chapter.
(a) The obligations of this Chapter do not and should not prevent a Party from
taking measures to protect public health by promoting access to medicines for
all, in particular concerning cases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria,
and other epidemics as well as circumstances of extreme urgency or national
emergency. Accordingly, while reiterating their commitment to this Chapter,
the Parties affirm that this Chapter can and should be interpreted and
implemented in a manner supportive of each Party’s right to protect public
health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.
1. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph 2 and Article 15.1, each Party shall give
effect to this Chapter on the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
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(b) Article 15.2.5 for a period of no longer than one year;
(f) Articles 15.5.7(a)(ii), 15.5.7(e), and 15.5.7(f) for a period of no longer than
three years;
(l) Article 15.10.1(a) for a period of no longer than one year; and
(m) Articles 15.11.8, 15.11.14, 15.11.24, and 15.11.27 for a period of no longer
than three years
3. The Parties shall periodically review the implementation and operation of this Chapter
and shall have the opportunity to undertake further negotiations to modify any of its
provisions, including, as appropriate, consideration of an improvement in a Party’s level of
economic development.
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Chapter Sixteen
Labor
1. Each Party shall adopt and maintain in its statutes and regulations, and practices
thereunder, the following rights, as stated in the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles
and Rights at Work and its Follow-up (1998) (ILO Declaration):1 2
(d) the effective abolition of child labor and, for purposes of this Agreement, a
prohibition on the worst forms of child labor; and
2. Neither Party shall waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to waive or otherwise
derogate from, its statutes or regulations implementing paragraph 1 in a manner affecting
trade or investment between the Parties, where the waiver or derogation would be inconsistent
with a fundamental right set out in that paragraph.
1. (a) A Party shall not fail to effectively enforce its labor laws, including those it
adopts or maintains in accordance with Article 16.2.1, through a sustained or
recurring course of action or inaction, in a manner affecting trade or investment
between the Parties, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
(b) A decision a Party makes on the distribution of enforcement resources shall not
be a reason for not complying with the provisions of this Chapter. Each Party
retains the right to the reasonable exercise of discretion and to bona fide
decisions with regard to the allocation of resources between labor enforcement
activities among the fundamental labor rights enumerated in Article 16.2.1,
provided the exercise of such discretion and such decisions are not inconsistent
with the obligations of this Chapter.3
1
The obligations set out in Article 16.2, as they relate to the ILO, refer only to the ILO Declaration.
2
To establish a violation of an obligation under Article 16.2.1 a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has
failed to adopt or maintain a statute, regulation, or practice in a manner affecting trade or investment between the
Parties.
3
For greater certainty, a Party retains the right to exercise reasonable enforcement discretion and to make bona
fide decisions regarding the allocation of enforcement resources with respect to labor laws other than those
relating to fundamental rights enumerated in Article 16.2.1.
16-1
2. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to empower a Party’s authorities to
undertake labor law enforcement activities in the territory of the other Party.
1. Each Party shall ensure that persons with a recognized interest under its law in a
particular matter have appropriate access to tribunals for the enforcement of the Party’s labor
laws. Such tribunals may include administrative, quasi-judicial, judicial, or labor tribunals, as
provided in the Party’s law.
2. Each Party shall ensure that proceedings before such tribunals for the enforcement of
its labor laws are fair, equitable, and transparent and, to this end, each Party shall ensure that
such proceedings comply with due process of law.
3. Each Party shall provide that final decisions on the merits of the case in such
proceedings are:
(a) in writing and state the reasons on which the decisions are based;
(b) made available without undue delay to the parties to the proceedings and,
consistent with its law, to the public; and
4. Each Party shall provide, as appropriate, that parties to such proceedings have the right
to request review and, where warranted, correction of final decisions issued in such
proceedings.
5. Each Party shall ensure that tribunals that conduct or review such proceedings are
impartial and independent.
6. Each Party shall provide that the parties to such proceedings may seek remedies to
ensure the enforcement of their rights under its labor laws. Such remedies may include
measures such as orders, fines, penalties, or temporary closures of workplaces that present a
serious and immediate health or safety hazard, as provided in the Party’s laws.
7. Each Party shall promote public awareness of its labor laws, including by:
(a) ensuring that information related to its labor laws and enforcement and
compliance procedures is publicly available; and
8. For greater certainty, decisions or pending decisions by each Party’s tribunals, as well
as related proceedings, shall not be subject to revision or be reopened under this Chapter.
16-2
2. The Council shall meet within the first year after the date of entry into force of this
Agreement and thereafter as often as it considers necessary to oversee the implementation of
and review progress under this Chapter, including the activities of the Labor Cooperation and
Capacity Building Mechanism established under Article 16.6, and to pursue the labor
objectives of this Agreement. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, each meeting of the Council
shall include a session at which members of the Council have an opportunity to meet with the
public to discuss matters relating to the implementation of this Chapter.
3. Each Party shall designate an office within its labor ministry that shall serve as a
contact point with the other Party, and with the public, for purposes of carrying out the work
of the Council, including coordination of the Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building
Mechanism. Each Party’s contact point shall provide for the submission, receipt, and
consideration of communications from persons of a Party on matters related to the provisions
of this Chapter, and shall make such communications available to the other Party and, as
appropriate, to the public. Each Party shall review such communications, as appropriate, in
accordance with domestic procedures. The Council shall develop general guidelines for
considering such communications.
4. Each Party may convene a new, or consult an existing, national labor advisory or
consultative committee, comprising members of its public, including representatives of its
labor and business organizations, to provide views on any issues related to this Chapter.
5. All decisions of the Council shall be taken by mutual agreement. All decisions of the
Council shall be made public, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, or unless the
Council otherwise decides.
6. The Council may prepare reports on matters related to the implementation of this
Chapter and shall make any such reports public.
1. Recognizing that cooperation on labor issues can play an important role in advancing
development in the territory of the Parties and in providing opportunities to improve labor
standards, and to further advance common commitments regarding labor matters, including
the principles embodied in the ILO Declaration and ILO Convention No. 182 Concerning the
Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour
(1999) (ILO Convention 182), the Parties hereby establish a Labor Cooperation and Capacity
Building Mechanism, as set out in Annex 16.6.
2. The Parties shall strive to ensure that the objectives of the Labor Cooperation and
Capacity Building Mechanism and the activities undertaken through that Mechanism:
(a) are consistent with each Party’s national programs, development strategies, and
priorities;
(c) take into account each Party’s economy, culture, and legal system.
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Article 16.7: Cooperative Labor Consultations
1. A Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding any matter arising
under this Chapter by delivering a written request to the contact point that the other Party has
designated under Article 16.5.3.
2. The consultations shall begin promptly after delivery of the request. The request shall
contain information that is specific and sufficient to enable the Party receiving the request to
respond.
3. The Parties shall make every attempt to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of
the matter and may seek advice or assistance from any person or body they deem appropriate
in order to fully examine the matter.
4. If the Parties fail to resolve the matter pursuant to paragraph 3, either Party may
request that the Council be convened to consider the matter by delivering a written request to
the contact point of the other Party.
5. The Council shall promptly convene and shall endeavor to resolve the matter,
including, where appropriate, by consulting outside experts and having recourse to such
procedures as good offices, conciliation, or mediation.
6. If the Parties have failed to resolve the matter within 60 days of a request under
paragraph 1, the complaining Party may request consultations under Article 20.4
(Consultations) or a meeting of the Commission under Article 20.5 (Commission – Good
Offices, Conciliation, and Mediation) and, as provided in Chapter Twenty (Dispute
Settlement), thereafter have recourse to the other provisions of that Chapter.
7. Neither Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under this Agreement for a
matter arising under this Chapter without first seeking to resolve the matter in accordance
with this Article.
8. In cases where the Parties agree that a matter arising under this Chapter would be more
appropriately addressed under another agreement to which the Parties are party, they shall
refer the matter for appropriate action in accordance with that agreement.
1. The Parties shall establish within six months after the date of entry into force of this
Agreement and maintain a roster of up to ten individuals who are willing and able to serve as
panelists in disputes arising under this Chapter. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the roster
shall include up to three individuals who are nationals of each Party and up to four individuals
who are not nationals of either Party. Labor roster members shall be appointed by mutual
agreement of the Parties, and may be reappointed. Once established, a roster shall remain in
effect for a minimum of three years, and shall remain in effect thereafter until the Parties
constitute a new roster. The Parties may appoint a replacement where a roster member is no
longer available to serve.
(b) be chosen strictly on the basis of objectivity, reliability, and sound judgment;
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(c) be independent of, and not affiliated with or take instructions from, any Party;
and
3. Where a Party claims that a dispute arises under this Chapter, Article 20.9 (Panel
Selection) shall apply, except that the panel shall be composed entirely of panelists meeting
the qualifications in paragraph 2.
labor laws means a Party’s statutes and regulations, or provisions thereof, that are directly
related to the following internationally recognized labor rights:
(d) the effective abolition of child labor, a prohibition on the worst forms of child
labor, and other labor protections for children and minors;
(f) acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work,
and occupational safety and health; and
(b) for the United States, acts of Congress or regulations promulgated pursuant to
an act of Congress that are enforceable by action of the federal government
and, for purposes of this Chapter, includes the Constitution of the United
States.
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Annex 16.6
1. The Labor Affairs Council, working through each Party’s contact point, shall
coordinate the activities of the Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism. The
contact points shall meet within six months after the date of entry into force of this Agreement
and thereafter as often as they consider necessary.
2. The contact points, together with representatives of other appropriate agencies and
ministries, shall cooperate to:
(b) develop specific cooperative and capacity building activities in accordance with
such priorities;
(c) exchange information regarding each Party’s labor laws and practices,
including best practices, as well as ways to strengthen them; and
3. The Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism may develop and pursue
bilateral or regional cooperative activities on labor issues, which may include:
(a) fundamental rights and their effective application: legislation and practice
related to the core elements of the ILO Declaration (freedom of association and
the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, elimination of all
forms of forced or compulsory labor, the effective abolition of child labor, and
the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation);
(b) worst forms of child labor: legislation and practice related to compliance with
ILO Convention 182;
(d) labor inspectorates and inspection systems: methods and training to improve
the level and efficiency of labor law enforcement, strengthen labor inspection
systems, and help ensure compliance with labor laws;
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(g) working conditions: mechanisms for supervising compliance with statutes and
regulations pertaining to hours of work, minimum wages and overtime,
occupational safety and health, environmental monitoring, and employment
conditions;
4. Pursuant to the Mechanism, the Parties may cooperate on labor issues using any means
they deem appropriate, including:
(f) joint research projects, studies, and reports, including by engaging independent
specialists with recognized expertise.
Public Participation
5. In identifying areas for labor cooperation and capacity building, and in carrying out
cooperative activities, each Party shall consider the views of its worker and employer
representatives, as well as those of other members of the public.
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Chapter Seventeen
Environment
Recognizing the right of each Party to establish its own levels of domestic
environmental protection and environmental development policies and priorities, and to adopt
or modify accordingly its environmental laws and policies, each Party shall strive to ensure
that its laws and policies provide for and encourage high levels of environmental protection,
and shall strive to continue to improve those laws and policies.
Each Party shall adopt, maintain, and implement laws, regulations, and all other
measures to fulfill its obligations under the multilateral environmental agreements listed in
Annex 17.2 (“covered agreements”).1 2
1. (a) A Party shall not fail to effectively enforce its environmental laws, and its
laws, regulations, and other measures to fulfill its obligations under the
covered agreements, through a sustained or recurring course of action or
inaction, in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties, after
the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
(b) (i) The Parties recognize that each Party retains the right to exercise
prosecutorial discretion and to make decisions regarding the allocation
of environmental enforcement resources with respect to other
environmental laws determined to have higher priorities. Accordingly,
the Parties understand that with respect to the enforcement of
environmental laws and all laws, regulations, and other measures to
fulfill a Party’s obligations under the covered agreements, a Party is in
compliance with subparagraph (a) where a course of action or inaction
reflects a reasonable, articulable, bona fide exercise of such discretion,
or results from a reasonable, articulable, bona fide decision regarding
the allocation of such resources.
1
To establish a violation of Article 17.2 a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has failed to adopt,
maintain, or implement laws, regulations, or other measures to fulfill an obligation under a covered agreement in
a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.
2
For purposes of Article 17.2: (i) “covered agreements” shall encompass those existing or future protocols,
amendments, annexes, and adjustments under the relevant agreement to which both Parties are party; and (ii) a
Party’s “obligations” shall be interpreted to reflect, inter alia, existing and future reservations, exemptions, and
exceptions applicable to it under the relevant agreement.
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Accordingly, neither Party shall waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to waive or
otherwise derogate from, such laws in a manner that weakens or reduces the protections
afforded in those laws in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.
3. Paragraph 2 shall not apply where a Party waives or derogates from an environmental
law pursuant to a provision in its environmental law providing for waivers or derogations,
provided that the waiver or derogation is not inconsistent with the Party’s obligations under a
covered agreement.
(a) Such proceedings shall be fair, equitable, and transparent and, to this end, shall
comply with due process of law and be open to the public except where the
administration of justice otherwise requires.
(b) The parties to such proceedings shall be entitled to support or defend their
respective positions, including by presenting information or evidence.
(c) Each Party shall provide appropriate and effective remedies or sanctions for a
violation of its environmental laws that:
(i) take into consideration, as appropriate, the nature and gravity of the
violation, any economic benefit the violator has derived from the
violation, the economic condition of the violator, and other relevant
factors; and
(ii) may include criminal and civil remedies and sanctions such as
compliance agreements, penalties, fines, injunctions, suspension of
activities, and requirements to take remedial action or pay for damage
to the environment.
2. Each Party shall ensure that interested persons may request the Party’s competent
authorities to investigate alleged violations of its environmental laws, and that each Party’s
competent authorities shall give such requests due consideration in accordance with its law.
3. Each Party shall ensure that persons with a legally recognized interest under its law in
a particular matter have appropriate access to proceedings referred to in paragraph 1.
4. Each Party shall provide persons with a legally recognized interest under its law in a
particular matter appropriate and effective access to sanctions or remedies, in accordance with
its law, for violations of the Party’s environmental laws, or for violations of a legal duty under
the Party’s law relating to human health or the environment, which may include rights such
as:
(a) to sue another person under that Party’s jurisdiction for damages under that
Party’s laws;
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(b) to seek sanctions or remedies such as monetary penalties, emergency closures
or temporary suspension of activities, or orders to mitigate the consequences of
violations of its environmental laws;
(d) to seek injunctions where a person suffers, or may suffer, loss, damage, or
injury as a result of conduct by another person subject to that Party’s
jurisdiction.
5. Each Party shall ensure that tribunals that conduct or review proceedings referred to in
paragraph 1 are impartial and independent and do not have any substantial interest in the
outcome of the matter.
6. For greater certainty, decisions or pending decisions by each Party’s tribunals, as well
as related proceedings, shall not be subject to revision or be reopened under this Chapter.
1. The Parties recognize that incentives and other flexible and voluntary mechanisms can
contribute to the achievement and maintenance of environmental protection, complementing
the procedures set out in Article 17.4. As appropriate and in accordance with its law, each
Party shall encourage the development and use of such mechanisms, which may include:
2. As appropriate and feasible and in accordance with its law, each Party shall
encourage:
(b) flexibility in the means to achieve such goals and meet such standards,
including through mechanisms identified in paragraph 1.
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Article 17.6: Environmental Affairs Council
2. The Council shall meet within the first year after the date of entry into force of this
Agreement, and annually thereafter unless the Parties otherwise agree, to oversee the
implementation of and review progress under this Chapter and to consider the status of
cooperation activities developed under the Agreement Between the Government of the United
States of America and the Government of the Republic of Panama on Environmental
Cooperation (“ECA”). Unless the Parties otherwise agree, each meeting of the Council shall
include a session in which members of the Council have an opportunity to meet with the
public to discuss matters relating to the implementation of this Chapter.
3. The Council shall set its own agenda. In setting the agenda, each Party shall seek
views from its public concerning possible issues for discussion.
5. The Council shall seek appropriate opportunities for the public to participate in the
development and implementation of cooperative environmental activities, including through
the ECA.
6. All decisions of the Council shall be taken by mutual agreement, except as provided in
Article 17.9. All decisions of the Council shall be made public, unless otherwise provided in
this Agreement, or unless the Council otherwise decides.
1. Each Party shall provide for the receipt and consideration of public communications
on matters related to this Chapter. Each Party shall promptly make available to the other
Party and to its public all communications it receives and shall review and respond to them in
accordance with its domestic procedures.
2. Each Party shall make best efforts to accommodate requests by persons of that Party
to exchange views with that Party regarding that Party’s implementation of this Chapter.
4. The Parties shall take into account public comments and recommendations regarding
cooperative environmental activities undertaken pursuant to Article 17.10 and the ECA.
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Article 17.8: Submissions on Enforcement Matters
1. Any person of a Party may file a submission asserting that a Party is failing to
effectively enforce its environmental laws. Such submissions shall be filed with a secretariat
or other appropriate body (“secretariat”) that the Parties designate.3
2. The secretariat may consider a submission under this Article if the secretariat finds
that the submission:
(e) indicates that the matter has been communicated in writing to the relevant
authorities of the Party and indicates the Party’s response, if any; and
4. Where the secretariat determines that a submission meets the criteria set out in
paragraph 2, the secretariat shall determine whether the submission merits requesting a
response from the Party. In deciding whether to request a response, the secretariat shall be
guided by whether:
(a) the submission is not frivolous and alleges harm to the person making the
submission;
(b) the submission, alone or in combination with other submissions, raises matters
whose further study in this process would advance the goals of this Chapter
and the ECA, taking into account guidance regarding those goals provided by
the Council and the Environmental Cooperation Commission established under
the ECA;
3
The Parties shall designate the secretariat and provide for related arrangements through an exchange of letters
or other form of agreement.
4
Arrangements will be made for the United States to make available in a timely manner to Panama all such
submissions, U.S. written responses, and factual records developed in connection with those submissions.
Panama may provide comments to the United States about the submissions and at the request of either Party the
Council shall discuss such documents.
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(c) private remedies available under the Party’s law have been pursued; and
Where the secretariat makes such a request, it shall forward to the Party a copy of the
submission and any supporting information provided with the submission.
5. The Party shall advise the secretariat within 45 days or, in exceptional circumstances
and on notification to the secretariat, within 60 days of delivery of the request:
(a) whether the precise matter at issue is the subject of a pending judicial or
administrative proceeding, in which case the secretariat shall proceed no
further; and
(b) of any other information the Party wishes to submit, such as:
(ii) whether private remedies in connection with the matter are available to
the person making the submission and whether they have been pursued;
or
1. If the secretariat considers that the submission, in light of any response provided by
the Party, warrants developing a factual record, the secretariat shall so inform the Council and
provide its reasons.
2. The secretariat shall prepare a factual record if the Council, by a vote of either Party,
instructs it to do so.
3. The preparation of a factual record by the secretariat pursuant to this Article shall be
without prejudice to any further steps that may be taken with respect to any submission.
4. In preparing a factual record, the secretariat shall consider any information furnished
by a Party and may consider any relevant technical, scientific, or other information:
5. The secretariat shall submit a draft factual record to the Council. Each Party may
provide comments on the accuracy of the draft within 45 days thereafter.
6. The secretariat shall incorporate, as appropriate, any such comments in the final
factual record and submit it to the Council.
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7. The Council may, by a vote of either Party, make the final factual record publicly
available, normally within 60 days following its submission.
8. The Council shall consider the final factual record in light of the objectives of this
Chapter and the ECA. The Council shall, as appropriate, provide recommendations to the
Environmental Cooperation Commission related to matters addressed in the factual record,
including recommendations related to the further development of the Party’s mechanisms for
monitoring its environmental enforcement.
4. The Parties have concluded an ECA. The Parties have identified certain
environmental cooperation activities that may be included in a work program, as reflected in
Annex 17.10 and as set out in the ECA. The Parties also have established an Environmental
Cooperation Commission (“ECC”) through the ECA that is responsible for developing a work
program that reflects each Party’s priorities for cooperative environmental programs, projects,
and activities.
5. The Parties also recognize the continuing importance of current and future
environmental cooperation activities in other fora.
1. A Party may request consultations with the other Party regarding any matter arising
under this Chapter by delivering a written request to a contact point that the other Party has
designated for this purpose.
2. The consultations shall begin promptly after delivery of the request. The request shall
contain information that is specific and sufficient to enable the Party receiving the request to
respond.
3. The Parties shall make every attempt to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of
the matter, taking into account opportunities for cooperation relating to the matter and
information exchanged by the Parties, and may seek advice or assistance from any person or
body they deem appropriate in order to fully examine the matter at issue. If the matter arises
under Article 17.2, or under both that Article and another provision of this Chapter, and
involves an issue related to a Party’s obligations under a covered agreement, the Parties shall
endeavor to address the matter through a mutually agreeable consultative or other procedure,
if any, under the relevant agreement, unless the procedure could result in unreasonable delay.5
5
The Parties understand that for purposes of paragraph 3, where a covered agreement requires a decision to be
taken by consensus, such a requirement could create an unreasonable delay.
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4. If the Parties fail to resolve the matter pursuant to paragraph 3, a Party may request
that the Council be convened to consider the matter by delivering a written request to the
contact point of the other Party.
5. (a) The Council shall promptly convene and shall endeavor to resolve the matter,
including, where appropriate, by consulting outside experts and having
recourse to such procedures as good offices, conciliation, or mediation.
(b) When the matter arises under Article 17.2, or under both that Article and
another provision of this Chapter, and involves an issue relating to a Party’s
obligations under a covered agreement, the Council shall:
(i) through a mechanism that the Council establishes, consult fully with
any entity authorized to address the issue under the relevant agreement;
and
(ii) defer to interpretative guidance on the issue under the agreement to the
extent appropriate in light of its nature and status, including whether
the Party’s relevant laws, regulations, and other measures are in
accordance with its obligations under the agreement.
6. If the Parties have failed to resolve the matter within 60 days of a request under
paragraph 1, the complaining Party may request consultations under Article 20.4
(Consultations) or a meeting of the Commission under Article 20.5 (Commission – Good
Offices, Conciliation, and Mediation) and, as provided in Chapter Twenty (Dispute
Settlement), thereafter have recourse to the other provisions of that Chapter. The Council
may, as appropriate, provide information to the Commission regarding any consultations held
on the matter.
7. Neither Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under this Agreement for a
matter arising under this Chapter without first pursuing resolution of the matter in accordance
with paragraphs 1 through 5.
8. In a dispute arising under Article 17.2, or under both that Article and another
provision of this Chapter, that involves an issue relating to a Party’s obligations under a
covered agreement, a panel convened under Chapter Twenty (Dispute Settlement) shall in
making its findings and determination under Articles 20.12 (Initial Report) and 20.13 (Final
Report):6
(a) consult fully, through a mechanism that the Council establishes, concerning
that issue with any entity authorized to address the issue under the relevant
environmental agreement;
(b) defer to any interpretative guidance on the issue under the agreement to the
extent appropriate in light of its nature and status, including whether the
Party’s relevant laws, regulations, and other measures are in accordance with
its obligations under the agreement; and
(c) where the agreement admits of more than one permissible interpretation
relevant to an issue in the dispute and the Party complained against relies on
one such interpretation, accept that interpretation for purposes of its findings
6
For greater certainty, the consultations and guidance in this paragraph are without prejudice to a panel’s ability
to seek information and technical guidance from any person or body consistent with Article 20.11 (Role of
Experts).
17-8
and determination under Articles 20.12 (Initial Report) and 20.13 (Final
Report).7
1. The Parties shall establish within six months after the date of entry into force of this
Agreement and maintain a roster of up to ten individuals who are willing and able to serve as
panelists in disputes arising under this Chapter. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the roster
shall include up to three individuals who are nationals of each Party and up to four individuals
who are not nationals of either Party. Environment roster members shall be appointed by
mutual agreement of the Parties, and may be reappointed. Once established, a roster shall
remain in effect for a minimum of three years, and shall remain in effect thereafter until the
Parties constitute a new roster. The Parties may appoint a replacement where a roster member
is no longer available to serve.
(b) be chosen strictly on the basis of objectivity, reliability, and sound judgment;
(c) be independent of, and not affiliated with or take instructions from, either
Party; and
3. Where a Party claims that a dispute arises under this Chapter, Article 20.9 (Panel
Selection) shall apply, except that the panel shall be composed entirely of panelists meeting
the qualifications in paragraph 2.
1. The Parties recognize that multilateral environmental agreements to which they are
both party play an important role in protecting the environment globally and domestically and
that their respective implementation of these agreements is critical to achieving the
environmental objectives of these agreements. The Parties further recognize that this Chapter
and the ECA can contribute to realizing the goals of those agreements. Accordingly, the
Parties shall continue to seek means to enhance the mutual supportiveness of multilateral
environmental agreements to which they are both party and trade agreements to which they
are both party.
2. The Parties may consult, as appropriate, with respect to ongoing negotiations in the
WTO regarding multilateral environmental agreements.
3. In the event of any inconsistency between a Party’s obligations under this Agreement
and a covered agreement, the Party shall seek to balance its obligations under both
agreements, but this shall not preclude the Party from taking a particular measure to comply
with its obligations under the covered agreement, provided that the primary purpose of the
measure is not to impose a disguised restriction on trade.8
7
The guidance in subparagraph (c) shall prevail over any other interpretative guidance.
8
For greater certainty, paragraph 3 is without prejudice to multilateral environmental agreements other than
covered agreements.
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Article 17.14: Definitions
environmental law means any statute or regulation of a Party, or provision thereof, the
primary purpose of which is the protection of the environment, or the prevention of a danger
to human, animal, or plant life or health, through:
(c) the protection or conservation of wild flora and fauna, including endangered
species, their habitat, and specially protected natural areas,
For greater certainty, environmental law does not include any statute or regulation, or
provision thereof, the primary purpose of which is managing the commercial harvest or
exploitation, or subsistence or aboriginal harvesting, of natural resources.
For purposes of the definition of “environmental law,” the primary purpose of a particular
statutory or regulatory provision shall be determined by reference to its primary purpose,
rather than to the primary purpose of the statute or regulation of which it is part;
laws, regulations, and all other measures to fulfill its obligations under a covered
agreement means a Party’s laws, regulations, and other measures at the central level of
government; and
(b) for the United States, an act of Congress or regulation promulgated pursuant to
an act of Congress that is enforceable by action of the federal government.
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Annex 17.2
Covered Agreements
(b) the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, done at
Montreal, September 16, 1987, as adjusted and amended;
(c) the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, done at London, February 17, 1978,
as amended;
2. The Parties may agree in writing to modify the list in paragraph 1 to include any other
multilateral environmental agreement.
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Annex 17.10
Environmental Cooperation
1. The Parties recognize the importance of protecting, improving, and conserving the
environment, including natural resources, in their territories. The Parties underscore the
importance of promoting all possible forms of cooperation and reaffirm that cooperation on
environmental matters provides enhanced opportunities to advance common commitments to
achieve sustainable development for the well-being of present and future generations.
3. Article IV of the ECA provides that the work program developed by the ECC shall
reflect national priorities and may include environmental cooperation activities related to:
(b) developing and promoting incentives and other flexible and voluntary
mechanisms in order to encourage environmental protection, including the
development of market-based initiatives and economic incentives for
environmental management;
(d) conserving and managing species that are shared, migratory, endangered, or
subject to international commercial trade, as well as marine and terrestrial
parks and other protected areas;
(g) facilitating technology development and transfer and training to promote the
use, proper operation, and maintenance of clean production technologies;
(k) any other areas for environmental cooperation on which the Parties may agree.
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4. Article VI of the ECA addresses funding mechanisms for environmental cooperation
activities undertaken pursuant to the ECA.
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Chapter Eighteen
Transparency
Section A: Transparency
1. Each Party shall designate a contact point to facilitate communications between the
Parties on any matter covered by this Agreement.
2. On the request of the other Party, the contact point shall identify the office or official
responsible for the matter and assist, as necessary, in facilitating communication with the
requesting Party.
1. Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations, procedures, and administrative
rulings of general application respecting any matter covered by this Agreement are promptly
published or otherwise made available in such a manner as to enable interested persons and
the other Party to become acquainted with them.
(a) publish in advance any such measure that it proposes to adopt; and
(b) provide interested persons and the other Party a reasonable opportunity to
comment on such proposed measures.
1. To the maximum extent possible, each Party shall notify the other Party of any
proposed or actual measure that the Party considers might materially affect the operation of
this Agreement or otherwise substantially affect the other Party’s interests under this
Agreement.
2. On request of the other Party, a Party shall promptly provide information and respond
to questions pertaining to any actual or proposed measure, whether or not the other Party has
been previously notified of that measure.
3. Any notification or information provided under this Article shall be without prejudice
as to whether the measure is consistent with this Agreement.
(a) wherever possible, persons of the other Party that are directly affected by a
proceeding are provided reasonable notice, in accordance with domestic
procedures, when a proceeding is initiated, including a description of the
nature of the proceeding, a statement of the legal authority under which the
proceeding is initiated, and a general description of any issues in controversy;
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(b) such persons are afforded a reasonable opportunity to present facts and
arguments in support of their positions prior to any final administrative action,
when time, the nature of the proceeding, and the public interest permit; and
2. Each Party shall ensure that, in any such tribunals or procedures, the parties to the
proceeding are provided with the right to:
(b) a decision based on the evidence and submissions of record or, where required
by domestic law, the record compiled by the administrative authority.
3. Each Party shall ensure, subject to appeal or further review as provided in its domestic
law, that such decisions shall be implemented by, and shall govern the practice of, the office
or authority with respect to the administrative action at issue.
Section B: Anti-Corruption
The Parties affirm their resolve to eliminate bribery and corruption in international
trade and investment.
1. Each Party shall adopt or maintain the necessary legislative or other measures to
establish that it is a criminal offense under its law, in matters affecting international trade or
investment, for:
(a) a public official of that Party or a person who performs public functions for
that Party intentionally to solicit or accept, directly or indirectly, any article of
monetary value or other benefit, such as a favor, promise, or advantage, for
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himself or for another person, in exchange for any act or omission in the
performance of his public functions;
(b) any person subject to the jurisdiction of that Party intentionally to offer or
grant, directly or indirectly, to a public official of that Party or a person who
performs public functions for that Party any article of monetary value or other
benefit, such as a favor, promise, or advantage, for himself or for another
person, in exchange for any act or omission in the performance of his public
functions;
(c) any person subject to the jurisdiction of that Party intentionally to offer,
promise, or give any undue pecuniary or other advantage, directly or indirectly,
to a foreign official, for that official or for another person, in order that the
official act or refrain from acting in relation to the performance of official
duties, in order to obtain or retain business or other improper advantage in the
conduct of international business; and
(d) any person subject to the jurisdiction of that Party to aid or abet, or to conspire
in, the commission of any of the offenses described in subparagraphs (a)
through (c).
2. Each Party shall adopt or maintain appropriate penalties and procedures to enforce the
criminal measures that it adopts or maintains in conformity with paragraph 1.
3. In the event that, under the legal system of a Party, criminal responsibility is not
applicable to enterprises, that Party shall ensure that enterprises shall be subject to effective,
proportionate, and dissuasive non-criminal sanctions, including monetary sanctions, for any of
the offenses described in paragraph 1.
act or refrain from acting in relation to the performance of official duties includes any
use of the official’s position, whether or not within the official’s authorized competence;
foreign official means any person holding a legislative, administrative, or judicial office of a
foreign country, at any level of government, whether appointed or elected; any person
exercising a public function for a foreign country at any level of government, including for a
public agency or public enterprise; and any official or agent of a public international
organization;
public function means any temporary or permanent, paid or honorary activity, performed by
a natural person in the name of a Party or in the service of a Party, such as procurement, at the
central level of government; and
public official means any official or employee of a Party at the central level of government,
whether appointed or elected.
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Chapter Nineteen
1. The Parties hereby establish the Free Trade Commission, comprising cabinet-level
representatives of the Parties, as set out in Annex 19.1, or their designees.
(c) seek to resolve disputes that may arise regarding the interpretation or
application of this Agreement;
(d) supervise the work of all councils, committees, and working groups established
under this Agreement; and
(e) consider any other matter that may affect the operation of this Agreement.
(ii) the rules of origin established in Annex 4.1 (Specific Rules of Origin);
(e) take such other action in the exercise of its functions as the Parties may agree.
4. Subject to the completion of its applicable legal procedures, each Party shall give
effect to any modification referred to in subparagraph 3(b) within such period as the Parties
may agree.
5. The Commission shall establish its rules and procedures. All decisions of the
Commission shall be taken by mutual agreement.
6. The Commission shall convene at least once a year in regular session, unless the
Commission otherwise decides. Regular sessions of the Commission shall be chaired
successively by each Party.
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Article 19.2: Free Trade Agreement Coordinators
1. Each Party shall appoint a free trade agreement coordinator, as set out in Annex 19.2.
2. The coordinators shall work jointly to develop agendas and make other preparations
for Commission meetings and shall follow-up on Commission decisions, as appropriate.
(a) designate an office that shall provide administrative assistance to the panels
established under Chapter Twenty (Dispute Settlement) and perform such other
functions as the Commission may direct; and
(b) the remuneration and payment of expenses of panelists and experts, as set out
in Annex 19.3.
1. Recognizing that trade capacity building assistance is a catalyst for the reforms and
investments necessary to foster trade-driven economic growth, poverty reduction, and
adjustment to liberalized trade, the Parties hereby establish a Committee on Trade Capacity
Building, comprising representatives of each Party.
2. In furtherance of the Parties’ ongoing trade capacity building efforts and in order to
assist Panama to implement this Agreement and adjust to liberalized trade, Panama should
periodically update and provide to the Committee its national trade capacity building strategy.
(a) seek the prioritization of trade capacity building projects at the national or
regional level, or both;
(b) invite appropriate international donor institutions, private sector entities, and
non-governmental organizations to assist in the development and
implementation of trade capacity building projects in accordance with the
priorities set out in Panama’s national trade capacity building strategy;
(c) work with other committees or working groups established under this
Agreement, including through joint meetings, in support of the development
and implementation of trade capacity building projects in accordance with the
priorities set out in Panama’s national trade capacity building strategy;
(d) monitor and assess progress in implementing trade capacity building projects;
and
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(e) provide a report annually to the Commission describing the Committee’s
activities, unless the Committee otherwise decides.
4. During the transition period, the Committee shall meet at least twice a year, unless the
Committee otherwise decides.
5. The Committee may establish terms of reference for the conduct of its work.
6. The Committee may establish ad hoc working groups, which may comprise
government or non-government representatives, or both.
8. The Parties hereby establish a working group on customs administration and trade
facilitation, which shall work under and report to the Committee. The initial capacity
building priorities of the working group should be related to implementation of Chapter Five
(Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation) and Section G of Chapter Three (National
Treatment and Market Access for Goods) and any other priority that the Committee
establishes.
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Annex 19.1
(b) in the case of the United States, the United States Trade Representative,
or their successors.
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Annex 19.2
(b) in the case of the United States, the Assistant United States Trade
Representative for the Americas,
or their successors.
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Annex 19.3
1. The Commission shall establish the amounts of remuneration and expenses that will
be paid to panelists and experts.
2. The remuneration of panelists and their assistants, experts, their travel and lodging
expenses, and all general expenses of panels shall be borne equally by the Parties.
3. Each panelist and expert shall keep a record and render a final account of the person’s
time and expenses, and the panel shall keep a record and render a final account of all general
expenses.
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Chapter Twenty
Dispute Settlement
The Parties shall at all times endeavor to agree on the interpretation and application of
this Agreement, and shall make every attempt through cooperation and consultations to arrive
at a mutually satisfactory resolution of any matter that might affect its operation.
(a) with respect to the avoidance or settlement of all disputes between the Parties
regarding the interpretation or application of this Agreement;
(b) wherever a Party considers that an actual or proposed measure of the other
Party is or would be inconsistent with the obligations of this Agreement or that
the other Party has otherwise failed to carry out its obligations under this
Agreement; and
(c) wherever a Party considers that an actual or proposed measure of the other
Party causes or would cause nullification or impairment in the sense of Annex
20.2.
1. Where a dispute regarding any matter arises under this Agreement and under another
free trade agreement to which the Parties are party or the WTO Agreement, the complaining
Party may select the forum in which to settle the dispute.
2. Once the complaining Party has requested a panel under an agreement referred to in
paragraph 1, the forum selected shall be used to the exclusion of the others.
1. Either Party may request in writing consultations with the other Party with respect to
any actual or proposed measure or any other matter that it considers might affect the operation
of this Agreement.
2. The requesting Party shall deliver the request to the other Party, and shall set out the
reasons for the request, including identification of the actual or proposed measure or other
matter at issue and an indication of the legal basis for the complaint.
4. The Parties shall make every attempt to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of
any matter through consultations under this Article or other consultative provisions of this
Agreement. To this end, the Parties shall:
1
For greater certainty, the term “perishable goods” means perishable agricultural and fish goods classified in
Chapters 1 through 24 of the Harmonized System.
20-1
(a) provide sufficient information to enable a full examination of how the actual or
proposed measure or other matter might affect the operation and application of
this Agreement; and
5. In consultations under this Article, a Party may request the other Party to make
available personnel of its government agencies or other regulatory bodies who have expertise
in the matter subject to consultations.2
2. A Party may also request in writing a meeting of the Commission where consultations
have been held pursuant to Article 7.8 (Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade), Article
16.7 (Cooperative Labor Consultations), or Article 17.11 (Collaborative Environmental
Consultations and Panel Procedure).
3. The requesting Party shall deliver the request to the other Party, and shall set out the
reasons for the request, including identification of the actual or proposed measure or other
matter at issue and an indication of the legal basis for the complaint.
4. Unless it decides otherwise, the Commission shall convene within ten days of delivery
of the request and shall endeavor to resolve the dispute promptly. The Commission may:
(a) call on such technical advisers or create such working groups or expert groups
as it deems necessary;
(b) have recourse to good offices, conciliation, mediation, or such other dispute
resolution procedures; or
as may assist the Parties to reach a mutually satisfactory resolution of the dispute.
(a) 30 days after the Commission has convened pursuant to Article 20.5;
(b) 30 days after a Party has delivered a request for consultations under Article
20.4 in a matter regarding perishable goods, if the Commission has not
convened pursuant to Article 20.5.4;
2
A Party receiving such a request shall strive to accommodate it.
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(c) 75 days after a Party has delivered a request for consultations under Article
20.4, if the Commission has not convened pursuant to Article 20.5.4; or
the Party that requested a meeting of the Commission with regard to the measure or other
matter in accordance with Article 20.5 may request in writing the establishment of an arbitral
panel to consider the matter. The requesting Party shall deliver the request to the other Party,
and shall set out the reasons for the request, including identification of the measure or other
matter at issue and an indication of the legal basis for the complaint.
3. Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, the panel shall be established and perform its
functions in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Chapter.
1. The Parties shall establish within six months of the date of entry into force of this
Agreement and maintain a roster of up to 20 individuals who are willing and able to serve as
panelists. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the roster shall include up to seven individuals
who are nationals of each Party and up to six individuals who are not nationals of either Party.
The roster members shall be appointed by mutual agreement of the Parties, and may be
reappointed. Once established, a roster shall remain in effect for a minimum of three years,
and shall remain in effect thereafter until the Parties constitute a new roster. The Parties may
appoint a replacement where a roster member is no longer available to serve.
(a) have expertise or experience in law, international trade, other matters covered
by this Agreement, or the resolution of disputes arising under international
trade agreements;
(b) be chosen strictly on the basis of objectivity, reliability, and sound judgment;
(c) be independent of, and not be affiliated with or take instructions from, either
Party; and
All panelists shall meet the qualifications set out in Article 20.7.2. Individuals may
not serve as panelists for a dispute in which they have participated pursuant to Article 20.5.4.
(b) the Parties shall endeavor to agree on the chair of the panel within 15 days of
the delivery of the request for the establishment of the panel. If the Parties are
unable to agree on the chair within this period, the chair shall be selected by lot
within three days from among the roster members who are not nationals of a
Party;
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(c) within 15 days of selection of the chair, each Party shall select one panelist;
(d) if a Party fails to select a panelist within this period, the panelist shall be
selected by lot within three days from among the roster members who are
nationals of that Party; and
(e) each Party shall endeavor to select panelists who have expertise or experience
relevant to the subject matter of the dispute, as appropriate.
2. Panelists shall normally be selected from the roster. A Party may exercise a
peremptory challenge against any individual not on the roster who is proposed as a panelist by
the other Party within 15 days after the individual has been proposed.
3. If a Party believes that a panelist is in violation of the code of conduct, the Parties
shall consult and if they agree, the panelist shall be removed and a new panelist shall be
selected in accordance with this Article.
1. The Commission shall establish by the date of entry into force of this Agreement
Model Rules of Procedure, which shall ensure:
(a) a right to at least one hearing before the panel, which, subject to subparagraph
(e), shall be open to the public;
(b) an opportunity for each Party to provide initial and rebuttal written
submissions;
(c) that each Party’s written submissions, written versions of its oral statement,
and written responses to a request or questions from the panel shall be public,
subject to subparagraph (e);
(d) that the panel will consider requests from non-governmental entities in the
Parties’ territories to provide written views regarding the dispute that may
assist the panel in evaluating the submissions and arguments of the Parties; and
2. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the panel shall conduct its proceedings in
accordance with the Model Rules of Procedure.
4. Unless the Parties otherwise agree within 20 days from the date of the delivery of the
request for the establishment of the panel, the terms of reference shall be:
“To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions of this Agreement, the
matter referenced in the panel request and to make findings, determinations,
and recommendations as provided in Articles 20.10.6 and 20.12.3 and to
deliver the written reports referred to in Articles 20.12 and 20.13.”
5. If the complaining Party in its panel request has identified that a measure has nullified
or impaired benefits, in the sense of Annex 20.2, the terms of reference shall so indicate.
6. If a Party wishes the panel to make findings as to the degree of adverse trade effects on
a Party of the other Party’s failure to conform with the obligations of this Agreement or of a
Party’s measure found to have caused nullification or impairment in the sense of Annex 20.2,
the terms of reference shall so indicate.
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Article 20.11: Role of Experts
On request of a Party, or on its own initiative, the panel may seek information and
technical advice from any person or body that it deems appropriate, provided that the Parties
so agree and subject to such terms and conditions as the Parties may agree.
1. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the panel shall base its report on the relevant
provisions of this Agreement, the submissions and arguments of the Parties, and on any
information before it pursuant to Article 20.11.
2. If the Parties request, the panel may make recommendations for resolution of the
dispute.
3. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, the panel shall, within 120 days after the last
panelist is selected or such other period as the Model Rules of Procedure established pursuant
to Article 20.10 may provide, present to the Parties an initial report containing:
(a) findings of fact, including any findings pursuant to a request under Article
20.10.6;
(b) its determination as to whether a Party has not conformed with its obligations
under this Agreement or that a Party’s measure is causing nullification or
impairment in the sense of Annex 20.2, or any other determination requested in
the terms of reference; and
(c) its recommendations, if the Parties have requested them, for resolution of the
dispute.
4. When the panel considers that it cannot provide its report within 120 days, it shall
inform the Parties in writing of the reasons for the delay together with an estimate of the
period within which it will provide its report. In no case should the period to provide the
report exceed 180 days. The panel shall inform the Parties of any determination under this
paragraph no later than seven days after the initial written submission of the complaining
Party and shall adjust the remainder of the schedule accordingly.
6. A Party may submit written comments to the panel on its initial report within 14 days
of presentation of the report or within such other period as the Parties may agree.
7. After considering any written comments on the initial report, the panel may reconsider
its report and make any further examination it considers appropriate.
1. The panel shall present a final report to the Parties, including any separate opinions on
matters not unanimously agreed, within 30 days of presentation of the initial report, unless the
Parties otherwise agree. The Parties shall release the final report to the public within 15 days
thereafter, subject to the protection of confidential information.
2. No panel may, either in its initial report or its final report, disclose which panelists are
associated with majority or minority opinions.
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Article 20.14: Implementation of Final Report
1. On receipt of the final report of a panel, the Parties shall agree on the resolution of the
dispute, which normally shall conform with the determinations and recommendations, if any,
of the panel.
2. If, in its final report, the panel determines that a Party has not conformed with its
obligations under this Agreement or that a Party’s measure is causing nullification or
impairment in the sense of Annex 20.2, the resolution, whenever possible, shall be to
eliminate the non-conformity or the nullification or impairment.3
3. Where appropriate, the Parties may agree on a mutually satisfactory action plan to
resolve the dispute, which normally shall conform with the determinations and
recommendations, if any, of the panel. If the Parties agree on such an action plan, a
complaining Party may have recourse to Article 20.15.2 only if it considers that the Party
complained against has failed to carry out the action plan.4
1. If a panel has made a determination of the type described in Article 20.14.2, and the
Parties are unable to reach agreement on a resolution pursuant to Article 20.14 within 45 days
of receiving the final report, or such other period as the Parties agree, the Party complained
against shall enter into negotiations with the complaining Party with a view to developing
mutually acceptable compensation.
2. If the Parties:
(a) are unable to agree on compensation within 30 days after the period for
developing such compensation has begun; or
the complaining Party may at any time thereafter provide written notice to the other Party that
it intends to suspend the application to the other Party of benefits of equivalent effect. The
notice shall specify the level of benefits that the Party proposes to suspend. Subject to
paragraph 6, the complaining Party may begin suspending benefits 30 days after the later of
the date on which it provides notice under this paragraph or the panel issues its determination
under paragraph 3, as the case may be.
(b) it has eliminated the non-conformity or the nullification or impairment that the
panel has found,
it may, within 30 days after the complaining Party provides notice under paragraph 2, request
that the panel be reconvened to consider the matter. The Party complained against shall
deliver its request in writing to the other Party. The panel shall reconvene as soon as possible
3
Compensation, the payment of monetary assessments, and the suspension of benefits are intended as
temporary measures pending the elimination of any non-conformity or nullification or impairment that the panel
has found.
4
For greater certainty, as part of an action plan the Parties may undertake, modify, or enhance cooperation
activities.
20-6
after delivery of the request and shall present its determination to the Parties within 90 days
after it reconvenes to review a request under subparagraph (a) or (b), or within 120 days for a
request under subparagraphs (a) and (b). If the panel determines that the level of benefits
proposed to be suspended is manifestly excessive, it shall determine the level of benefits it
considers to be of equivalent effect.
4. The complaining Party may suspend benefits up to the level the panel has determined
under paragraph 3 or, if the panel has not determined the level, the level the complaining
Party has proposed to suspend under paragraph 2, unless the panel has determined that the
Party complained against has eliminated the non-conformity or the nullification or
impairment.
(a) the complaining Party should first seek to suspend benefits in the same sector
or sectors as that affected by the measure or other matter that the panel has
found to be inconsistent with the obligations of this Agreement or to have
caused nullification or impairment in the sense of Annex 20.2; and
6. The complaining Party may not suspend benefits if, within 30 days after it provides
written notice of intent to suspend benefits or, if the panel is reconvened under paragraph 3,
within 20 days after the panel provides its determination, the Party complained against
provides written notice to the other Party that it will pay an annual monetary assessment. The
Parties shall consult, beginning no later than ten days after the Party complained against
provides notice, with a view to reaching agreement on the amount of the assessment. If the
Parties are unable to reach an agreement within 30 days after consultations begin, the amount
of the assessment shall be set at a level, in U.S. dollars, equal to 50 percent of the level of the
benefits the panel has determined under paragraph 3 to be of equivalent effect or, if the panel
has not determined the level, 50 percent of the level that the complaining Party has proposed
to suspend under paragraph 2.
7. Unless the Commission otherwise decides, a monetary assessment shall be paid to the
complaining Party in U.S. dollars, or in an equivalent amount of Panamanian currency, in
equal, quarterly installments beginning 60 days after the Party complained against gives
notice that it intends to pay an assessment. Where the circumstances warrant, the
Commission may decide that an assessment shall be paid into a fund established by the
Commission and expended at the direction of the Commission for appropriate initiatives to
facilitate trade between the Parties, including by further reducing unreasonable trade barriers
or by assisting a Party in carrying out its obligations under this Agreement.
8. If the Party complained against fails to pay a monetary assessment, the complaining
Party may suspend the application to the Party complained against of benefits in accordance
with paragraph 4.
1. Without prejudice to the procedures set out in Article 20.15.3, if the Party complained
against considers that it has eliminated the non-conformity or the nullification or impairment
that the panel has found, it may refer the matter to the panel by providing written notice to the
complaining Party. The panel shall issue its report on the matter within 90 days after the
Party complained against provides notice.
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2. If the panel decides that the Party complained against has eliminated the non-
conformity or the nullification or impairment, the complaining Party shall promptly reinstate
any benefits it has suspended under Article 20.15 and the Party complained against shall no
longer be required to pay any monetary assessment it has agreed to pay under Article 20.15.6.
The Commission shall review the operation and effectiveness of Article 20.15 not later
than five years after the Agreement enters into force, or within six months after benefits have
been suspended or monetary assessments have been paid in five proceedings initiated under
this Chapter, whichever occurs first.
2. The Party in whose territory the court or administrative body is located shall submit
any agreed interpretation of the Commission to the court or administrative body in accordance
with the rules of that forum.
3. If the Commission is unable to agree, either Party may submit its own views to the
court or administrative body in accordance with the rules of that forum.
Neither Party may provide for a right of action under its law against the other Party on
the ground that the other Party has failed to conform with its obligations under this
Agreement.
1. Each Party shall, to the maximum extent possible, encourage and facilitate the use of
arbitration and other means of alternative dispute resolution for the settlement of international
commercial disputes between private parties in the free trade area.
2. To this end, each Party shall provide appropriate procedures to ensure observance of
agreements to arbitrate and for the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in such
disputes.
20-8
5. This committee shall:
20-9
Annex 20.2
Nullification or Impairment
1. If either Party considers that any benefit it could reasonably have expected to accrue to
it under any provision of:
(a) Chapters Three through Five (National Treatment and Market Access for
Goods, Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures, and Customs Administration
and Trade Facilitation);
is being nullified or impaired as a result of the application of any measure that is not
inconsistent with this Agreement, the Party may have recourse to dispute settlement under this
Chapter.
2. Neither Party may invoke paragraph 1(d) or (e) with respect to any measure subject to
an exception under Article 21.1 (General Exceptions).
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Chapter Twenty-One
Exceptions
1. For purposes of Chapters Three through Seven (National Treatment and Market
Access for Goods, Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures, Customs Administration and Trade
Facilitation, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, and Technical Barriers to Trade), Article
XX of the GATT 1994 and its interpretive notes are incorporated into and made part of this
Agreement, mutatis mutandis. The Parties understand that the measures referred to in Article
XX(b) of the GATT 1994 include environmental measures necessary to protect human,
animal, or plant life or health, and that Article XX(g) of the GATT 1994 applies to measures
relating to the conservation of living and non-living exhaustible natural resources.
(a) to require a Party to furnish or allow access to any information the disclosure
of which it determines to be contrary to its essential security interests; or
(b) to preclude a Party from applying measures that it considers necessary for the
fulfillment of its obligations with respect to the maintenance or restoration of
international peace or security, or the protection of its own essential security
interests.2
1. Except as set out in this Article, nothing in this Agreement shall apply to taxation
measures.
2. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights and obligations of either Party under
any tax convention. In the event of any inconsistency between this Agreement and any such
convention, that convention shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency. In the case of a
tax convention between the Parties, the competent authorities under that convention shall have
sole responsibility for determining whether any inconsistency exists between this Agreement
and that convention.
3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2:
(a) Article 3.2 (National Treatment) and such other provisions of this Agreement
as are necessary to give effect to that Article shall apply to taxation measures
to the same extent as does Article III of the GATT 1994; and
1
This Article is without prejudice to whether digital products should be classified as goods or services.
2
For greater certainty, if a Party invokes Article 21.2 in an arbitral proceeding initiated under Chapter Ten
(Investment) or Chapter Twenty (Dispute Settlement), the tribunal or panel hearing the matter shall find that the
exception applies.
21-1
(b) Article 3.11 (Export Taxes) shall apply to taxation measures.
4. Subject to paragraph 2:
(a) Article 11.2 (National Treatment) and Article 12.2 (National Treatment) shall
apply to taxation measures on income, capital gains, or on the taxable capital
of corporations that relate to the purchase or consumption of particular
services, except that nothing in this subparagraph shall prevent a Party from
conditioning the receipt or continued receipt of an advantage relating to the
purchase or consumption of particular services on requirements to provide the
service in its territory; and
(g) to the adoption or enforcement of any taxation measure aimed at ensuring the
equitable or effective imposition or collection of taxes (as permitted by Article
XIV(d) of the GATS); or
5. Subject to paragraph 2 and without prejudice to the rights and obligations of the
Parties under paragraph 3, Article 10.9.2, 10.9.3, and 10.9.4 (Performance Requirements)
shall apply to taxation measures.
21-2
within a period of six months of such referral, the investor may submit its claim to arbitration
under Article 10.16 (Submission of a Claim to Arbitration).
Should a Party decide to impose measures for balance of payments purposes, it shall
do so only in accordance with that Party’s rights and obligations under the GATT 1994,
including the Declaration on Trade Measures Taken for Balance of Payments Purposes (1979
Declaration) and the Understanding on the Balance of Payments Provisions of the GATT 1994
(BOP Understanding). In adopting such measures, the Party shall immediately consult with
the other Party and shall not impair the relative benefits accorded to the other Party under this
Agreement.3
tax convention means a convention for the avoidance of double taxation or other
international taxation agreement or arrangement; and
(b) the measures listed in exceptions (b) and (c) of the definition of customs duty.
3
For greater certainty, this Article applies to balance of payments measures imposed on trade in goods.
21-3
Annex 21.3
Competent Authorities
(b) in the case of the United States, the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax
Policy), Department of the Treasury,
or their successors.
21-4
Chapter Twenty-Two
Final Provisions
The Annexes, Appendices, and footnotes to this Agreement constitute an integral part
of this Agreement.
2. When so agreed, and approved in accordance with the legal requirements of each
Party, an amendment shall constitute an integral part of this Agreement and shall enter into
force on such date as the Parties may agree.
If any provision of the WTO Agreement that the Parties have incorporated into this
Agreement is amended, the Parties shall consult with a view to amending the relevant
provision of this Agreement, as appropriate, in accordance with Article 22.2.
Neither Party may enter a reservation in respect of any provision of this Agreement
without the written consent of the other Party.
1. This Agreement shall enter into force 60 days after the date on which the Parties
exchange written notifications certifying that they have completed their respective legal
requirements or on such other date as the Parties may agree.
2. Either Party may terminate this Agreement by written notification to the other Party.
This Agreement shall terminate 180 days after the date of such notification.
The English and Spanish texts of this Agreement are equally authentic.
22-1
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their
respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE, at Washington, in duplicate, in English and Spanish, this 28th day of June,
2007.
22-2
Annex 4.1
1. Each Party shall provide that, for purposes of interpreting the rule of origin set forth in
this Annex:
(a) the specific rule, or specific set of rules, that applies to a particular heading or
subheading is set out immediately adjacent to the heading or subheading;
(c) where a specific rule of origin is defined using the criterion of a change in tariff
classification, and it is written to exclude tariff provisions at the level of a chapter,
heading, or subheading of the Harmonized System, it shall be construed to mean
that the rule of origin requires that materials classified in those excluded
provisions be originating for the good to qualify as originating;
(d) when a heading or subheading is subject to alternative specific rules of origin, the
rule will be considered to be met if a good satisfies one of the alternatives;
(f) reference to weight in the rules for goods provided for in Chapter 1 through 24 of
the Harmonized System means dry weight unless otherwise specified in the
Harmonized System;
Section I
Live Animals; Animal Products (Chapter 1-5)
Annex 4.1-1
Chapter 1
Live Animals
01.01-01.06
A change to heading 01.01 through 01.06 from any other chapter.
Chapter 2
Meat and Edible Meat Offal
02.01 – 02.10
A change to heading 02.01 through 02.10 from any other chapter.
Chapter 3
Fish and Crustaceans, Molluscs and Other Aquatic Invertebrates
Note to Chapter 3:
Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates shall be deemed originating even if
they were cultivated from non originating fry 1 or larvae.
03.01 – 03.07
A change to heading 03.01 through 03.07 from any other chapter.
Chapter 4
Dairy Produce; Birds Eggs; Natural Honey; Edible Products of Animal Origin, Not
Elsewhere Specified or Included
04.01 – 04.04
A change to heading 04.01 through 04.04 from any other chapter, except from subheading
1901.90.
04.05
A change to heading 04.05 from any other chapter, except from subheading 1901.90 or 2106.90.
04.06
A change to heading 04.06 from any other chapter, except from subheading 1901.90.
04.07 – 04.10
A change to heading 04.07 through 04.10 from any other chapter.
Chapter 5
Products of Animal Origin, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
05.01 – 05.11
A change to heading 05.01 through 05.11 from any other chapter.
1
“Fry” means immature fish at a post-larval stage and includes fingerlings, parr, smolts, and elvers.
Annex 4.1-2
Section II
Vegetable Products (Chapter 6-14)
Chapter 6
Live Trees and Other Plants; Bulbs, Roots and the Like; Cut Flowers and Ornamental
Foliage
06.01 – 06.04
A change to heading 06.01 through 06.04 from any other chapter.
Chapter 7
Edible Vegetables and Certain Roots and Tubers
07.01 – 07.14
A change to heading 07.01 through 07.14 from any other chapter.
Chapter 8
Edible Fruit and Nuts; Peel of Citrus Fruit or Melons
08.01 – 08.14
A change to heading 08.01 through 08.14 from any other chapter.
Chapter 9
Coffee, Tea, Maté and Spices
09.01
A change to heading 09.01 from any other chapter.
0902.10 – 0902.40
A change to subheading 0902.10 through 0902.40 from any other subheading.
09.03
A change to heading 09.03 from any other chapter.
0904.11 – 0910.99
A change to crushed, ground or powdered spices put up for retail sale of subheading 0904.11
through 0910.99 from spices that are not crushed, ground or powdered of subheading 0904.11
through 0910.99, or from any other subheading; or
Annex 4.1-3
A change to mixtures of spices or any good of subheading 0904.11 through 0910.99 other than
crushed, ground or powdered spices put up for retail sale from any other subheading.
Chapter 10
Cereals
10.01 – 10.08
A change to heading 10.01 through 10.08 from any other chapter.
Chapter 11
Products of the Milling Industry; Malt; Starches; Inulin; Wheat Gluten
11.01 – 11.03
A change to heading 11.01 through 11.03 from any other chapter.
1104.12
1104.19 – 1104.30
A change to subheading 1104.19 through 1104.30 from any other chapter, except from heading
10.05.
11.05
A change to heading 11.05 from any other chapter, except from heading 07.01.
11.06 – 11.09
A change to heading 11.06 through 11.09 from any other chapter.
Chapter 12
Oil Seeds and Oleaginous Fruits; Miscellaneous Grains, Seeds and Fruit; Industrial or
Medicinal Plants; Straw and Fodder
12.01 – 12.14
A change to heading 12.01 through 12.14 from any other chapter.
Chapter 13
Lac; Gums, Resins and Other Vegetable Saps and Extracts
13.01 – 13.02
A change to heading 13.01 through 13.02 from any other chapter.
Chapter 14
Vegetable Plaiting Materials; Vegetable Products Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
14.01 – 14.04
Annex 4.1-4
A change to heading 14.01 through 14.04 from any other chapter.
Section III
Animal or Vegetable Fats and Oils and Their Cleavage Products; Prepared Edible Fats;
Animal or Vegetable Waxes (Chapter 15)
Chapter 15
Animal or Vegetable Fats and Oils and Their Cleavage Products; Prepared Edible Fats;
Animal or Vegetable Waxes
15.01 – 15.10
A change to heading 15.01 through 15.10 from any other chapter.
15.11
A change to heading 15.11 from any other chapter, except from subheading 1207.10.
15.12 – 15.18
A change to heading 15.12 through 15.18 from any other chapter.
15.20
A change to heading 15.20 from any other heading.
15.21 – 15.22
A change to heading 15.21 through 15.22 from any other chapter.
Section IV
Prepared Foodstuffs; Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar; Tobacco and Manufactured Tobacco
Substitutes (Chapter 16-24)
Chapter 16
Preparations of Meat, of Fish or of Crustaceans, Molluscs or Other Aquatic Invertebrates
16.01 – 16.05
A change to heading 16.01 through 16.05 from any other chapter.
Chapter 17
Sugars and Sugar Confectionery
17.01 – 17.03
A change to heading 17.01 through 17.03 from any other chapter.
17.04
A change to heading 17.04 from any other heading.
Chapter 18
Annex 4.1-5
Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations
18.01 – 18.02
A change to heading 18.01 through 18.02 from any other chapter.
18.03 – 18.05
A change to heading 18.03 through 18.05 from any other heading.
1806.10
A change to subheading 1806.10 from any other heading, provided that goods of subheading
1806.10 containing 90% or more by dry weight of sugar do not contain non-originating sugar of
Chapter 17 and that goods of subheading 1806.10 containing less than 90% by dry weight of
sugar do not contain more than 35% by weight of non-originating sugar of chapter 17.
1806.20
A change to subheading 1806.20 from any other heading.
1806.31 – 1806.90
A change to subheading 1806.31 through 1806.90 from any other subheading.
Chapter 19
Preparations of Cereals, Flour, Starch or Milk; Pastrycooks’ Products
1901.10
A change to subheading 1901.10 from any other chapter provided that goods of subheading
1901.10 containing over 10 percent by weight of milk solids do not contain non-originating dairy
goods of Chapter 4.
1901.20
A change to subheading 1901.20 from any other chapter provided that goods of subheading
1901.20 containing over 25 percent by weight of butterfat, not put up for retail sale, do not
contain non-originating dairy goods of Chapter 4.
1901.90
A change to subheading 1901.90 from any other chapter provided that goods of subheading
1901.90 containing over 10 percent by weight of milk solids do not contain non-originating dairy
goods of Chapter 4.
19.02 – 19.03
A change to heading 19.02 through 19.03 from any other chapter.
1904.10 – 1904.30
A change to subheading 1904.10 through 1904.30 from any other chapter.
1904.90
A change to subheading 1904.90 from any other subheading, except from heading 10.06.
Annex 4.1-6
19.05
A change to heading 19.05 from any other chapter.
Chapter 20
Preparations of Vegetables, Fruit, Nuts or Other Parts of Plants
20.01
A change to heading 20.01 from any other chapter, except from subheading 0703.10.
20.02 – 20.05
A change to heading 20.02 through 20.05 from any other chapter, except as provided for in the
Note to Chapter 20 and except from heading 07.01.
20.06
A change to heading 20.06 from any other chapter, except from heading 12.02 or
subheading 0804.30.
20.07
A change to heading 20.07 from any other chapter, except from heading 08.03 or subheading
0804.50.
2008.11
A change to subheading 2008.11 from any other chapter, except from heading 12.02.
2008.19 – 2008.99
A change to subheading 2008.19 through 2008.99 from any other chapter, except as provided for
in the Note to Chapter 20.
2009.11 – 2009.39
A change to subheading 2009.11 through 2009.39 from any other chapter, except from heading
08.05.
2009.41 – 2009.50
A change to subheading 2009.41 through 2009.50 from any other chapter.
2009.61 – 2009.80
Annex 4.1-7
A change to guava, apple, pear, peach, mango, grape, or soursop juice of subheading 2009.61
through 2009.80 from guava, apple, pear, peach, mango, grape, or soursop juice concentrate of
subheading 2009.61 through 2009.80 or from any other chapter; or
A change to any other good under subheading 2009.61 through 2009.80 from any other chapter.
2009.90
A change to subheading 2009.90 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 2009.90 from any other subheading within Chapter 20, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that the juice of a single fruit or
vegetable, or juice ingredients from a single non-Party, constitute in single strength form no
more than 60 percent by volume of the good.
Chapter 21
Miscellaneous Edible Preparations
2101.11 – 2101.12
A change to subheading 2101.11 through 2101.12 from any other chapter, except from heading
09.01.
2101.20 – 2101.30
A change to subheading 2101.20 through 2101.30 from any other chapter.
21.02
A change to heading 21.02 from any other chapter.
2103.10
A change to subheading 2103.10 from any other chapter.
2103.20
A change to subheading 2103.20 from any other chapter, provided that tomato ketchup of
subheading 2103.20 does not contain non-originating goods from subheading 2002.90.
2103.30
A change to prepared mustard of subheading 2103.30 from mustard flour or meal of subheading
2103.30 or any other subheading; or
A change to any other good of subheading 2103.30 from any other chapter.
2103.90
A change to subheading 2103.90 from any other heading.
21.04
A change to heading 21.04 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-8
21.05
A change to heading 21.05 from any other heading, except from Chapter 4, or from dairy
preparations containing over 10% by weight of milk solids of subheading 1901.90.
21.06
A change to concentrated juice of any single fruit or vegetable fortified with vitamins or minerals
of subheading 2106.90 from any other chapter except from heading 08.05 or 20.09 or subheading
2202.90;
(a) from any other chapter, except from heading 08.05 or 20.09 or mixtures of juices
of subheading 2202.90; or
(b) from any other subheading within Chapter 21, heading 20.09, or mixtures of
juices of subheading 2202.90, whether or not there is also a change from any
other chapter, provided that the juice of a single fruit or vegetable, or juice
ingredients from a single non-Party, constitute in single strength form no more
than 60 percent by volume of the good;
A change to compound alcoholic preparations of subheading 2106.90 from any other subheading
except from heading 22.03 through 22.09;
A change to sugar syrups of subheading 2106.90 from any other chapter, except from Chapter
17;
A change to goods containing over 10 percent by weight of milk solids of subheading 2106.90
from any other chapter, except from Chapter 4, or from dairy preparations containing over 10
percent by weight of milk solids of subheading 1901.90; or
Chapter 22
Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar
22.01
A change to heading 22.01 from any other chapter.
2202.10
A change to subheading 2202.10 from any other chapter.
2202.90
A change to guava, apple, pear, peach, mango, grape, or soursop juice fortified with vitamins or
minerals of subheading 2202.90 from guava, apple, pear, peach, mango, grape, or soursop juice
concentrate of heading 20.09 or from any other heading;
Annex 4.1-9
A change to juice of any single fruit or vegetable fortified with vitamins or minerals of
subheading 2202.90 from any other chapter, except from heading 08.05 or 20.09, or from juice
concentrates of heading 2106.90;
(a) from any other chapter, except from heading 08.05 or 20.09 or from mixtures of
juices of subheading 2106.90; or
(b) from any other subheading within Chapter 22, heading 20.09 or mixtures of juices
of subheading 2106.90, whether or not there is also a change from any other
chapter, provided that the juice of a single fruit or vegetable, or juice ingredients
from a single non-Party, constitute in single strength form no more than 60
percent by volume of the good;
A change to beverages containing milk from any other chapter, except from chapter 4 or from
dairy preparations containing over 10 percent by weight of milk solids of subheading 1901.90; or
A change to any other goods of subheading 2202.90 from any other chapter.
22.03 – 22.08
A change to heading 22.03 through 22.08 from any other chapter except from compound
alcoholic preparations of subheading 2106.90. 2
22.09
A change to heading 22.09 from any other heading.
Chapter 23
Residues and Waste from the Food Industries; Prepared Animal Fodder
23.01 – 23.08
A change to heading 23.01 through 23.08 from any other chapter.
2309.10
A change to subheading 2309.10 from any other heading.
2309.90
A change to subheading 2309.90 from any other heading except from Chapter 4 or subheading
1901.90.
Chapter 24
Tobacco and Manufactured Tobacco Substitutes
24.01
2
For greater certainty, with respect to goods of heading 22.07, this rule of origin applies to goods other than goods
subject to paragraph 4 of the General Notes to the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3.
Annex 4.1-10
A change to heading 24.01 from any other chapter.
24.02
A change to heading 24.02 from any other chapter or from wrapper tobacco not threshed or
similarly processed of heading 24.01, or from homogenized or reconstituted tobacco suitable for
use as wrapper tobacco of heading 24.03.
24.03
A change to homogenized or reconstituted tobacco for use as cigar wrapper of subheading
2403.91 from any other heading; or
A change to any other good of heading 24.03 from any other chapter.
Section V
Mineral Products (Chapter 25-27)
Chapter 25
Salt; Sulphur; Earths and Stone; Plastering Materials, Lime and Cement
25.01 – 25.16
A change to heading 25.01 through 25.16 from any other heading.
2517.10 – 2517.20
A change to subheading 2517.10 through 2517.20 from any other heading.
2517.30
A change to subheading 2517.30 from any other subheading.
2517.41 – 2517.49
A change in subheading 2517.41 through 2517.49 from any other heading.
25.18 – 25.22
A change to heading 25.18 through 25.22 from any other heading.
25.23
A change to heading 25.23 from any other chapter.
25.24 – 25.30
A change to heading 25.24 through 25.30 from any other heading.
Chapter 26
Ores, Slag and Ash
26.01 – 26.21
A change to heading 26.01 through 26.21 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-11
Chapter 27
Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oils and Products of their Distillation; Bituminous Substances;
Mineral Waxes
The following are not considered to be chemical reactions for the purposes of this definition:
(b) Vacuum distillation: Distillation at a pressure below atmospheric but not so low
that it would be classed as molecular distillation.
27.01 – 27.06
A change to heading 27.01 through 27.06 from any other heading.
2707.10 – 2707.99
A change to subheading 2707.10 through 2707.99 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 2707.10 through 2707.99 from any other subheading, provided that the
good resulting from such change is the product of a chemical reaction.
27.08 – 27.09
A change to heading 27.08 through 27.09 from any other heading.
27.10
A change to any good of heading 27.10 from any other good of heading 27.10, provided that the
good resulting from such change is the product of a chemical reaction, atmospheric distillation or
vacuum distillation; or
A change to heading 27.10 from any other heading, except from heading 22.07.
2711.11
Annex 4.1-12
A change to subheading 2711.11 from any other subheading, except from subheading 2711.21.
2711.12 – 2711.19
A change to subheading 2711.12 through 2711.19 from any other subheading, except from
subheading 2711.29.
2711.21
A change to subheading 2711.21 from any other subheading, except from subheading 2711.11.
2711.29
A change to subheading 2711.29 from any other subheading, except from subheading 2711.12
through 2711.21.
27.12 – 27.14
A change to heading 27.12 through 27.14 from any other heading.
27.15
A change to heading 27.15 from any other heading, except from heading 27.14 or subheading
2713.20.
27.16
A change to heading 27.16 from any other heading.
Section VI
Products of the Chemical or Allied Industries (Chapter 28-38)
Note 1
A good of any chapter or heading in Section VI that satisfies any of Rules 1 through 7 of this
Section shall be treated as originating, except as otherwise specified in those rules.
Note 2
Notwithstanding Note 1, a good is originating if it meets the applicable change in tariff
classification specified in the rules of origin in this Section.
A good of Chapter 28 through 38, except a good of heading 38.23, that results from a chemical
reaction in the territory of one or both of the Parties shall be treated as originating.
Annex 4.1-13
The following are not considered to be chemical reactions for the purposes of
determining whether a good is originating:
Rule 2: Purification
A good of Chapter 30, 31, or 33 through 38, except for heading 38.08, shall be treated as
originating if the deliberate and proportionally controlled mixing or blending (including
dispersing) of materials to conform to predetermined specifications, resulting in the production
of a good having physical or chemical characteristics that are relevant to the purposes or uses of
the good and are different from the input materials, occurs in the territory of one or both of the
Parties.
Annex 4.1-14
Rule 4: Change in Particle Size
A good of Chapter 30, 31, or 33, shall be treated as originating if the deliberate and controlled
modification in particle size of the good, including micronizing by dissolving a polymer and
subsequent precipitation, other than by merely crushing or pressing, resulting in a good having a
defined particle size, defined particle size distribution or defined surface area, which is relevant
to the purposes of the resulting good and have different physical or chemical characteristics from
the input materials occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A good of Chapter 28 through 38, shall be treated as originating if the production standards of
these materials occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
For the purposes of this rule “standards materials” (including standard solutions) are preparations
suitable for analytical, calibrating, or referencing uses, having precise degrees of purity or
proportions that are certified by the manufacturer.
A good of Chapter 28 through 38, shall be treated as originating if the isolation or separation of
isomers from mixtures of isomers occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A good of Chapter 28 through 38 that undergoes a change from one classification to another in
the territory of one or both of the Parties as a result of the separation of one or more materials
from a man-made mixture shall not be treated as originating unless the isolated material
underwent a chemical reaction in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter 28
Inorganic Chemicals; Organic or Inorganic Compounds of Precious Metals, of Rare-
Earth Metals, of Radioactive Elements or of Isotopes
2801.10 – 2801.30
A change to subheading 2801.10 through 2801.30 from any other subheading.
28.02 – 28.03
A change to heading 28.02 through 28.03 from any other heading.
2804.10 – 2806.20
A change to subheading 2804.10 through 2806.20 from any other subheading.
28.07 – 28.08
A change to heading 28.07 through 28.08 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-15
2809.10 – 2809.20
A change to subheading 2809.10 through 2809.20 from any other subheading.
28.10
A change to heading 28.10 from any other heading.
2811.11 – 2816.40
A change to subheading 2811.11 through 2816.40 from any other subheading.
28.17
A change to heading 28.17 from any other heading.
2818.10 – 2821.20
A change to subheading 2818.10 through 2821.20 from any other subheading.
28.22 – 2823
A change to heading 28.22 through 28.23 from any other heading.
2824.10 – 2837.20
A change to subheading 2824.10 through 2837.20 from any other subheading.
28.38
A change to heading 28.38 from any other heading.
2839.11 – 2846.90
A change to subheading 2839.11 through 2846.90 from any other subheading.
28.47 – 28.48
A change to heading 28.47 through 28.48 from any other heading.
2849.10 – 2849.90
A change to subheading 2849.10 through 2849.90 from any other subheading.
28.50 – 28.51
A change to heading 28.50 through 28.51 from any other heading.
Chapter 29
Organic Chemicals
2901.10 – 2910.90
A change to subheading 2901.10 through 2910.90 from any other subheading.
29.11
A change to heading 29.11 from any other heading.
2912.11 – 2912.60
Annex 4.1-16
A change to subheading 2912.11 through 2912.60 from any other subheading.
29.13
A change to heading 29.13 from any other heading.
2914.11 – 2918.90
A change to subheading 2914.11 through 2918.90 from any other subheading.
29.19
A change to heading 29.19 from any other heading.
2920.10 – 2926.90
A change to subheading 2920.10 through 2926.90 from any other subheading.
29.27 – 29.28
A change to heading 29.27 through 29.28 from any other heading.
2929.10 – 2930.90
A change to subheading 2929.10 through 2930.90 from any other subheading.
29.31
A change to heading 29.31 from any other heading.
2932.11 – 2934.99
A change to subheading 2932.11 through 2934.99 from any other subheading.
29.35
A change to heading 29.35 from any other heading.
2936.10 – 2939.99
A change to subheading 2936.10 through 2939.99 from any other subheading.
2941.10 – 2941.90
A change to subheading 2941.10 through 2941.90 from any other subheading.
29.42
A change to heading 29.42 from any other heading.
Chapter 30
Pharmaceutical Products
3001.10 – 3003.90
A change to subheading 3001.10 through 3003.90 from any other subheading.
30.04
A change to heading 30.04 from any other heading, except from heading 30.03.
Annex 4.1-17
3005.10 – 3006.80
A change to subheading 3005.10 through 3006.80 from any other subheading.
Chapter 31
Fertilizers
31.01
A change to heading 31.01 from any other heading.
3102.10 –3105.90
A change to subheading 3102.10 through 3105.90 from any other subheading.
Chapter 32
Tanning or Dyeing Extracts; Tannins and Their Derivatives; Dyes, Pigments and Other
Coloring Matter; Paints and Varnishes; Putty and Other Mastics; Inks.
3201.10 – 3202.90
A change to subheading 3201.10 through 3202.90 from any other subheading.
32.03
A change to heading 32.03 from any other heading.
3204.11 – 3204.90
A change to subheading 3204.11 through 3204.90 from any other subheading.
32.05
A change to heading 32.05 from any other chapter.
3206.11 – 3206.50
A change to subheading 3206.11 through 3206.50 from any other subheading.
32.07
A change to heading 32.07 from any other chapter.
32.08 – 32.11
A change to heading 32.08 through 32.11 from any other chapter.
32.12
A change to heading 32.12 from any other chapter.
32.13 – 32.14
A change to heading 32.13 through 32.14 from any other heading.
32.15
A change to heading 32.15 from any other chapter.
Annex 4.1-18
Chapter 33
Essential Oils and Resinoids; Perfumery, Cosmetic or Toilet Preparations
3301.11 – 3301.90
A change to subheading 3301.11 through 3301.90 from any other subheading.
33.02
A change to heading 33.02 from any other heading, except from heading 22.07.
33.03
A change to heading 33.03 from any other heading.
3304.10 – 3307.90
A change to subheading 3304.10 through 3307.90 from any other subheading.
Chapter 34
Soap, Organic Surface-active Agents, Washing Preparations, Lubricating Preparations,
Artificial Waxes, Prepared Waxes, Polishing or Scouring Preparations, Candles and
Similar Articles, Modeling Pastes, Dental Waxes and Dental Preparations with a Basis of
Plaster
34.01
A change to heading 34.01 from any other heading.
3402.11 – 3402.90
A change to subheading 3402.11 through 3402.90 from any other subheading.
3403.11 – 3403.19
A change to subheading 3403.11 through 3403.19 from any other subheading, except from
heading 27.10 or 27.12.
3403.91 – 3403.99
A change to subheading 3403.91 through 3403.99 from any other subheading.
3404.10 – 3405.90
A change to subheading 3404.10 through 3405.90 from any other subheading.
34.06 – 34.07
A change to heading 34.06 through 34.07 from any other heading.
Chapter 35
Albuminoidal Substances; Modified Starches; Glues, Enzymes
3501.10 – 3501.90
A change to subheading 3501.10 through 3501.90 from any other subheading.
Annex 4.1-19
3502.11 – 3502.19
A change to subheading 3502.11 through 3502.19 from any other subheading outside that group,
except from heading 04.07.
3502.20 – 3502.90
A change to subheading 3502.20 through 3502.90 from any other subheading.
35.03 – 35.04
A change to heading 35.03 through 35.04 from any other heading.
3505.10 – 3505.20
A change to subheading 3505.10 through 3505.20 from any other subheading.
35.06
A change to heading 35.06 from any other heading.
3507.10 – 3507.90
A change to subheading 3507.10 through 3507.90 from any other subheading.
Chapter 36
Explosives; Pyrotechnic Products; Matches; Pyrophoric Alloys; Certain Combustible
Preparations
36.01 – 36.06
A change to heading 36.01 through 36.06 from any other heading.
Chapter 37
Photographic or Cinematographic Goods
37.01 – 37.03
A change to heading 37.01 through 37.03 from any other heading outside that group.
37.04 – 37.06
A change to heading 37.04 through 37.06 from any other heading.
3707.10 – 3707.90
A change to subheading 3707.10 through 3707.90 from any other subheading.
Chapter 38
Miscellaneous Chemical Products
3801.10 – 3807.00
A change to subheading 3801.10 through 3807.00 from any other heading.
3808.10 – 3808.90
A change to subheading 3808.10 through 3808.90 from any other subheading provided that 50
Annex 4.1-20
percent by weight of the active ingredient or ingredients is originating.
3809.10 – 3824.90
A change to subheading 3809.10 through 3824.90 from any other heading.
38.25
A change to heading 38.25 from any other chapter, except from Chapter 28 through 37, 40 or 90.
Section VII
Plastics and Articles Thereof; Rubber and Articles Thereof (Chapter 39-40)
Note 1
A good of any chapter or heading in Section VII that satisfies any of Rules 1 through 5 of this
Section shall be treated as originating, except as otherwise specified in those rules.
Note 2
Notwithstanding Note 1, a good is originating if it meets the applicable change in tariff
classification specified in the rules of origin in this Section.
A good of Chapter 39 or 40 that results from a chemical reaction in the territory of one or both
of the Parties shall be treated as originating.
The following are not considered to be chemical reactions for the purposes of
determining whether a good is originating:
Rule 2: Purification
Annex 4.1-21
(a) the elimination of 80 percent of the impurities; or
A good of Chapter 39 shall be treated as originating if the deliberate and controlled modification
in particle size of the good, including micronizing by dissolving a polymer and subsequent
precipitation, other than by merely crushing or pressing, resulting in a good having a defined
particle size, defined particle size distribution or defined surface area, which is relevant to the
purposes of the resulting good and have different physical or chemical characteristics from the
input materials occurs in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter 39
Plastics and Articles Thereof
Annex 4.1-22
39.01 – 39.15
A change to heading 39.01 through 39.15 from any other heading, provided that the
originating polymer content is no less than 50 percent by weight of the total polymer
content.
3916.10 – 3918.90
A change to subheading 3916.10 through 3918.90 from any other subheading.
3919.10 – 3919.90
A change to subheading 3919.10 through 3919.90 from any other subheading outside that group;
or
A change to subheading 3919.10 through 3919.90 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
3920.10 – 3920.99
A change to subheading 3920.10 through 3920.99 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
3921.11 – 3921.90
A change to subheading 3921.11 through 3921.90 from any other subheading.
39.22 – 39.26
A change to heading 39.22 through 39.26 from any other heading.
Chapter 40
Rubber and Articles Thereof
4001.10 – 4001.30
A change to subheading 4001.10 through 4001.30 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 4001.10 through 4001.30 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than 30 percent under the build-down method.
40.02 – 40.06
Annex 4.1-23
A change to heading 40.02 through 40.06 from any other heading, except from heading 40.01;
or
A change to heading 40.02 through 40.06 from heading 40.01 or from any other heading,
provided that there is a regional value content of not less than 30 percent under the build-down
method.
40.07 – 40.17
A change to heading 40.07 through 40.17 from any other heading.
Section VIII
Raw Hides and Skins, Leather, Furskins and Articles Thereof; Saddlery and Harness;
Travel Goods, Handbags and Similar Containers; Articles of Animal Gut (Other Than
Silk-worm Gut) (Chapter 41-43)
Chapter 41
Raw Hides and Skins (Other Than Furskins) and Leather
41.01
A change to hides or skins of heading 41.01 that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-tanning)
process that is reversible from any other good of heading 41.01 or from any other chapter; or
A change to any other good of heading 41.01 from any other chapter.
41.02
A change to hides or skins of heading 41.02 that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-
tanning) process that is reversible from any other good of heading 41.02 or from any other
chapter; or
A change to any other good of heading 41.02 from any other chapter.
41.03
A change to hides or skins of heading 41.03 that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-
tanning) process that is reversible from any other good of heading 41.03 or from any other
chapter; or
A change to any other good of heading 41.03 from any other chapter.
4104.11 – 4104.49
A change to subheading 4104.11 through 4104.49 from any other subheading.
41.05
A change to heading 41.05 from any other heading, except from hides or skins of heading 41.02
that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-tanning) process that is reversible, or from
heading 41.12; or
Annex 4.1-24
A change to heading 41.05 from wet blues of subheading 4105.10.
41.06
A change to heading 41.06 from any other heading, except from hides or skins of heading 41.03
that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-tanning) process that is reversible, or from
heading 41.13; or
A change to heading 41.06 from wet blues of subheading 4106.21, 4106.31, or 4106.91.
41.07
A change to heading 41.07 from any other heading.
41.12
A change to heading 41.12 from any other heading, except from hides or skins of heading 41.02
that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-tanning) process that is reversible, or from
heading 41.05; or
41.13
A change to heading 41.13 from any other heading, except from hides or skins of heading 41.03
that have undergone a tanning (including a pre-tanning) process that is reversible, or from
heading 41.06; or
A change to heading 41.13 from wet blues of subheading 4106.21, 4106.31 or 4106.90.
4114.10 – 4115.20
A change to subheading 4114.10 through 4115.20 from any other subheading.
Chapter 42
Articles of Leather; Saddlery and Harness; Travel Goods, Handbags and Similar Containers;
Articles of Animal Gut (Other Than Silk-worm Gut)
42.01
A change to heading 42.01 from any other heading.
4202.11
A change to subheading 4202.11 from any other chapter.
4202.12
A change to goods of subheading 4202.12 with an outer surface of textile materials from any
other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise
assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to goods of subheading 4202.12 with an outer surface of plastic from any other
heading.
Annex 4.1-25
4202.19 – 4202.21
A change to subheading 4202.19 through 4202.21 from any other chapter.
4202.22
A change to goods of subheading 4202.22 with an outer surface of textile materials from any
other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise
assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to goods of subheading 4202.22 with an outer surface of plastic sheeting from any
other heading.
4202.29 – 4202.31
A change to subheading 4202.29 through 4202.31 from any other chapter.
4202.32
A change to goods of subheading 4202.32 with an outer surface of textile materials from any
other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise
assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to goods of subheading 4202.32 with an outer surface of plastic sheeting from any
other heading.
4202.39 – 4202.91
A change to subheading 4202.39 through 4202.91 from any other chapter.
4202.92
A change to goods of subheading 4202.92 with an outer surface of textile materials from any
other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise
assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to goods of subheading 4202.92 with an outer surface of plastic sheeting from any
other heading.
4202.99
A change to subheading 4202.99 from any other chapter.
4203.10 – 4203.29
A change to subheading 4203.10 through 4203.29 from any other chapter.
4203.30 – 4203.40
A change to subheading 4203.30 through 4203.40 from any other heading.
42.04 – 42.06
A change to heading 42.04 through 42.06 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-26
Chapter 43
Furskins and Artificial Fur; Manufactures Thereof
43.01
A change to heading 43.01 from any other chapter.
43.02 – 43.04
A change to heading 43.02 through 43.04 from any other heading.
Section IX
Wood and Articles of Wood; Wood Charcoal; Cork and Articles of Cork; Manufactures of
Straw, of Esparto or of Other Plaiting Materials; Basketware and Wickerwork (Chapter
44-46)
Chapter 44
Wood and Articles of Wood; Wood Charcoal
44.01 – 44.21
A change to heading 44.01 through 44.21 from any other heading.
Chapter 45
Cork and Articles of Cork
45.01 – 45.04
A change to heading 45.01 through 45.04 from any other heading.
Chapter 46
Manufactures of Straw, of Esparto or of Other Plaiting Materials; Basketware and
Wickerwork
46.01
A change to heading 46.01 from any other chapter.
46.02
A change to heading 46.02 from any other heading.
Section X
Pulp of Wood or of Other Fibrous Cellulosic Material; Recovered (Waste and Scrap)
Paper or Paperboard; Paper and Paperboard and Articles Thereof (Chapter 47-49)
Chapter 47
Pulp of Wood or of Other Fibrous Cellulosic Material; Recovered (Waste and Scrap) Paper
or Paperboard
47.01 – 47.07
Annex 4.1-27
A change to heading 47.01 through 47.07 from any other heading.
Chapter 48
Paper and Paperboard; Articles of Paper Pulp, of Paper or of Paperboard
48.01 – 48.07
A change to heading 48.01 through 48.07 from any other chapter.
48.08
A change to heading 48.08 from any other heading.
48.09
A change to heading 48.09 from any other chapter.
48.10 – 48.11
A change to heading 48.10 through 48.11 from any other heading.
48.12 – 48.17
A change to heading 48.12 through 48.17 from any other heading outside that group.
4818.10 – 4818.30
A change to subheading 4818.10 through 4818.30 from any other heading, except from heading
48.03.
4818.40 – 4818.90
A change to subheading 4818.40 through 4818.90 from any other heading.
48.19 – 48.22
A change to heading 48.19 through 48.22 from any heading outside that group.
48.23
A change to heading 48.23 from any other heading.
Chapter 49
Printed Books, Newspapers, Pictures and Other Products of the Printing Industry;
Manuscripts, Typescripts and Plans
49.01 – 49.11
A change to heading 49.01 through 49.11 from any other chapter.
Section XI
Textiles and Textile Articles (Chapter 50 through 63)
Note 1
Annex 4.1-28
A textile good of Chapter 50 through 60 of the Harmonized System shall be considered
originating if it is wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties from:
(a) one or more fibers and yarns listed in Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics, Yarns, and
Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities); or
(b) a combination of the fibers and yarns referred to in subparagraph (a) and one or
more fibers and yarns originating under this Annex.
The originating fibers and yarns referred to in subparagraph (b) may contain up to ten percent by
weight of fibers and yarns that do not undergo an applicable change in tariff classification set out
in this Annex. Any elastomeric yarn contained in the originating yarns referred to in
subparagraph (b) must be wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or both of the
Parties.
Note 2
An apparel good of Chapter 61 or 62 of the Harmonized System shall be considered originating
if it is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or
both of the Parties, and if the fabric of the outer shell, exclusive of collars and cuffs, where
applicable, is wholly of:
(a) one or more fabrics listed in Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics, Yarns, and Fibers Not
Available in Commercial Quantities);
(b) one or more fabrics or knit to shape components formed in the territory of one or
both of the Parties from one or more of the yarns listed in Annex 3.25 (List of
Fabrics, Yarns, and Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities); or
(c) any combination of the fabrics referred to in subparagraph (a), the fabrics or knit
to shape components referred to in subparagraph (b), or one or more fabrics or
knit to shape components originating under this Annex.
The originating fabrics or knit to shape components referred to in subparagraph (c) may contain
up to ten percent by weight of fibers or yarns that do not undergo an applicable change in tariff
classification set out in this Annex. Any elastomeric yarn contained in an originating fabric or
knit to shape component referred to in subparagraph (c) must be wholly formed and finished in
the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Note 3
A textile good of Chapter 63 of the Harmonized System shall be considered originating if it is
cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of
the Parties, and if the component that determines the tariff classification of the good is wholly of:
(a) one or more fabrics listed in Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics, Yarns, and Fibers Not
Available in Commercial Quantities);
Annex 4.1-29
(b) one or more fabrics or knit to shape components formed in the territory of one or
both of the Parties from one or more of the yarns listed in Annex 3.25 (List of
Fabrics, Yarns, and Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities); or
(c) any combination of the fabrics referred to in subparagraph (a), the fabrics or knit
to shape components referred to in subparagraph (b), or one or more fabrics or
knit to shape components originating under this Annex.
The originating fabrics or knit to shape components referred to in subparagraph (c) may contain
up to ten percent by weight of fibers or yarns that do not undergo an applicable change in tariff
classification set out in this Annex. Any elastomeric yarn contained in an originating fabric or
knit to shape component referred to in subparagraph (c) must be wholly formed and finished in
the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Note 4
An apparel good of Chapter 61 or 62 of the Harmonized System shall be considered originating
regardless of the origin of any visible lining fabric described in Chapter Rule 1, narrow fabrics
described in Chapter Rule 3, sewing thread described in Chapter Rule 4, or pocketing fabric
described in Chapter Rule 5 if any such material is listed in Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics, Yarns,
and Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities) and the good meets all other applicable
requirements for preferential tariff treatment under this Agreement.
Note 5
Appendix 4.1-A sets out a correlation table for textile or apparel goods.
Note 6
For purposes of this Section and Appendix 4.1-A:
wholly means that the good is entirely of the named material; and
(a) when used in reference to fabrics, all production processes and finishing
operations necessary to produce a finished fabric ready for use without further
processing. These processes and operations include formation processes, such as
weaving, knitting, needling, tufting, felting, entangling, or other such processes,
and finishing operations, including bleaching, dyeing, and printing; and
(b) when used in reference to yarns, all production processes and finishing
operations, beginning with the extrusion of filaments, strips, film, or sheet, and
including drawing to fully orient a filament or slitting a film or sheet into strip, or
the spinning of all fibers into yarn, or both, and ending with a finished yarn or
plied yarn.
Chapter 50
Silk
Annex 4.1-30
50.01 – 50.03
A change to heading 50.01 through 50.03 from any other chapter.
50.04 – 50.06
A change to heading 50.04 through 50.06 from any heading outside that group.
50.07
A change to heading 50.07 from any other heading.
Chapter 51
Wool, Fine or Coarse Animal Hair; Horsehair Yarn and Woven Fabric
51.01 – 51.05
A change to heading 51.01 through 51.05 from any other chapter.
51.06 – 51.10
A change to heading 51.06 through 51.10 from any heading outside that group.
51.11 – 51.13
A change to heading 51.11 through 51.13 from any other heading.
Chapter 52
Cotton
52.01 – 52.07
A change to heading 52.01 through 52.07 from any other chapter, except from heading 54.01
through 54.05 or 55.01 through 55.07.
52.08 – 52.12
A change to heading 52.08 through 52.12 from any heading outside that group, except from
heading 51.06 through 51.10, 52.05 through 52.06, 54.01 through 54.04, or 55.09 through 55.10.
Chapter 53
Other Vegetable Textile Fibers; Paper Yarn and Woven Fabrics of Paper Yarn
53.01 – 53.05
A change to heading 53.01 through 53.05 from any other chapter.
53.06 – 53.08
A change to heading 53.06 through 53.08 from any heading outside that group.
53.09 – 53.11
A change to heading 53.09 through 53.11 from any heading outside that group.
Annex 4.1-31
Chapter 54
Man-Made Filaments
54.01 – 54.06
A change to heading 54.01 through 54.06 from any other chapter, except from heading 52.01
through 52.03 or 55.01 through 55.07.
54.07
A change to tariff item 5407.61.aa, 5407.61.bb, or 5407.61.cc from tariff item 5402.43.aa or
5402.52.aa, or from any other chapter, except from heading 51.06 through 51.10, 52.05 through
52.06, or 55.09 through 55.10.
A change to any other tariff item of heading 54.07 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.06 through 51.10, 52.05 through 52.06, or 55.09 through 55.10.
54.08
A change to heading 54.08 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.06 through 51.10,
52.05 through 52.06, or 55.09 through 55.10.
Chapter 55
Man-Made Staple Fibers
55.01 – 55.11
A change to heading 55.01 through 55.11 from any other chapter, except from heading 52.01
through 52.03 or 54.01 through 54.05.
55.12 – 55.16
A change to heading 55.12 through 55.16 from any heading outside that group, except from
heading 51.06 through 51.10, 52.05 through 52.06, 54.01 through 54.04, or 55.09 through 55.10.
Chapter 56
Wadding, Felt and Non-Wovens; Special Yarns; Twine, Cordage, Ropes and Cables and
Articles Thereof
56.01 – 56.09
A change to heading 56.01 through 56.09 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
Chapter 57
Carpets and Other Textile Floor Coverings
57.01 – 57.05
A change to heading 57.01 through 57.05 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, Chapter 54, or heading 55.08 through 55.16.
Chapter 58
Annex 4.1-32
Special Woven Fabrics; Tufted Textile Fabrics; Lace; Tapestries; Trimmings; Embroidery
5801.10 – 5806.10
A change to subheading 5801.10 through 5806.10 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
5806.20
A change to subheading 5806.20 from any other chapter, except from heading 52.08 through
52.12, 54.07 through 54.08, or 55.12 through 55.16.
5806.31 – 5811.00
A change to subheading 5806.31 through 5811.00 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
Chapter 59
Impregnated, Coated, Covered, or Laminated Textile Fabrics; Textile Articles of a Kind
Suitable For Industrial Use
59.01
A change to heading 59.01 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
52.08 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, 54.07 through 54.08, or 55.12 through 55.16.
59.02
A change to heading 59.02 from any other heading, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
59.03 – 59.08
A change to heading 59.03 through 59.08 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.08 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, 54.07 through 54.08, or 55.12 through
55.16.
59.09
A change to heading 59.09 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
52.08 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, or heading 55.12 through 55.16.
59.10
A change to heading 59.10 from any other heading, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
59.11
A change to heading 59.11 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
52.08 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, 54.07 through 54.08, or 55.12 through 55.16.
Chapter 60
Knitted or Crocheted Fabrics
Annex 4.1-33
60.01
A change to heading 60.01 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
Chapter 52, heading 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
60.02
A change to heading 60.02 from any other chapter.
60.03 – 60.06
A change to heading 60.03 through 60.06 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, Chapter 52, heading 53.10 through 53.11, or Chapter 54 through 55.
Chapter 61
Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories, Knitted or Crocheted
Chapter Rule 1
Except for fabrics classified in tariff item 5408.22.aa, 5408.23.aa, 5408.23.bb, or 5408.24.aa, the
fabrics identified in the following headings and subheadings, when used as visible lining material
in certain men’s and women’s suits, suit-type jackets, skirts, overcoats, carcoats, anoraks,
windbreakers, and similar articles, must be wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or
both of the Parties:
51.11 through 51.12, 5208.31 through 5208.59, 5209.31 through 5209.59, 5210.31 through
5210.59, 5211.31 through 5211.59, 5212.13 through 5212.15, 5212.23 through 5212.25, 5407.42
through 5407.44, 5407.52 through 5407.54, 5407.61, 5407.72 through 5407.74, 5407.82 through
5407.84, 5407.92 through 5407.94, 5408.22 through 5408.24, 5408.32 through 5408.34,
5512.19, 5512.29, 5512.99, 5513.21 through 5513.49, 5514.21 through 5515.99, 5516.12
through 5516.14, 5516.22 through 5516.24, 5516.32 through 5516.34, 5516.42 through 5516.44,
5516.92 through 5516.94, 6001.10, 6001.92, 6005.31 through 6005.44, or 6006.10 through
6006.44.
Chapter Rule 2
For purposes of determining whether a good of this chapter is originating, the rule applicable to
that good shall only apply to the component that determines the tariff classification of the good
and such component must satisfy the tariff change requirements set out in the rule for that good.
If the rule requires that the good must also satisfy the tariff change requirements for visible lining
fabrics listed in Chapter Rule 1, such requirement shall only apply to the visible lining fabric in
the main body of the garment, excluding sleeves, which covers the largest surface area, and shall
not apply to removable linings.
Chapter Rule 3
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 2, a good of this chapter containing fabrics of subheading 5806.20
or heading 60.02 shall be considered originating only if such fabrics are wholly formed and
finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter Rule 4
Annex 4.1-34
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 2, a good of this chapter containing sewing thread of heading
52.04, 54.01, or 55.08 shall be considered originating only if such sewing thread is wholly
formed and finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter Rule 5
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 2, a good of this chapter that contains a pocket or pockets shall be
considered originating only if the pocket bag fabric is wholly formed and finished in the territory
of one or both of the Parties from yarn wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or both
of the Parties.
6101.10 – 6101.30
A change to subheading 6101.10 through 6101.30 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6101.90
A change to subheading 6101.90 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16, or
60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or
otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6102.10 – 6102.30
A change to subheading 6102.10 through 6102.30 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, or heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6102.90
A change to subheading 6102.90 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16, or
60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or
otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6103.11 – 6103.12
Annex 4.1-35
A change to subheading 6103.11 through 6103.12 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6103.19
A change to tariff item 6103.19.aa or 6103.19.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6103.19 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6103.21 – 6103.29
A change to subheading 6103.21 through 6103.29 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, or heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
6103.31 – 6103.33
A change to subheading 6103.31 through 6103.33 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
Annex 4.1-36
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6103.39
A change to tariff item 6103.39.aa or 6103.39.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6103.39 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6103.41 – 6103.49
A change to subheading 6103.41 through 6103.49 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6104.11 – 6104.13
A change to subheading 6104.11 through 6104.13 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6104.19
A change in tariff item 6104.19.aa or 6104.19.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Annex 4.1-37
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6104.19 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6104.21 – 6104.29
A change to subheading 6104.21 through 6104.29 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
6104.31 – 6104.33
A change to subheading 6104.31 through 6104.33 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6104.39
A change to tariff item 6104.39.aa from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16, or
60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or
otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6104.39 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
Annex 4.1-38
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6104.41 – 6104.49
A change to subheading 6104.41 through 6104.49 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6104.51 – 6104.53
A change to subheading 6104.51 through 6104.53 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6104.59
A change to tariff item 6104.59.aa or 6104.59.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6104.59 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6104.61 – 6104.69
A change to subheading 6104.61 through 6104.69 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
61.05 – 61.11
Annex 4.1-39
A change to heading 61.05 through 61.11 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or
otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6112.11 – 6112.19
A change to subheading 6112.11 through 6112.19 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6112.20
A change to subheading 6112.20 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16, or
60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) with respect to a garment described in heading 61.01, 61.02, 62.01, or 62.02, of
wool, fine animal hair, cotton, or man-made fibers, imported as part of a ski-suit
of this subheading, any visible lining material contained in the apparel article
satisfies the requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 61.
6112.31 – 6112.49
A change to subheading 6112.31 through 6112.49 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
61.13 – 61.17
A change to heading 61.13 through 61.17 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or
otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter 62
Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories, Not Knitted or Crocheted
Chapter Rule 1
Except for fabrics classified in tariff item 5408.22.aa, 5408.23.aa, 5408.23.bb, or 5408.24.aa, the
fabrics identified in the following headings and subheadings, when used as visible lining material
in certain men’s and women’s suits, suit-type jackets, skirts, overcoats, carcoats, anoraks,
windbreakers, and similar articles, must be wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or
both of the Parties:
Annex 4.1-40
51.11 through 51.12, 5208.31 through 5208.59, 5209.31 through 5209.59, 5210.31 through
5210.59, 5211.31 through 5211.59, 5212.13 through 5212.15, 5212.23 through 5212.25, 5407.42
through 5407.44, 5407.52 through 5407.54, 5407.61, 5407.72 through 5407.74, 5407.82 through
5407.84, 5407.92 through 5407.94, 5408.22 through 5408.24, 5408.32 through 5408.34,
5512.19, 5512.29, 5512.99, 5513.21 through 5513.49, 5514.21 through 5515.99, 5516.12
through 5516.14, 5516.22 through 5516.24, 5516.32 through 5516.34, 5516.42 through 5516.44,
5516.92 through 5516.94, 6001.10, 6001.92, 6005.31 through 6005.44, or 6006.10 through
6006.44.
Chapter Rule 2
For purposes of determining whether a good of this chapter is originating, the rule applicable to
that good shall only apply to the component that determines the tariff classification of the good
and such component must satisfy the tariff change requirements set out in the rule for that good.
If the rule requires that the good must also satisfy the tariff change requirements for visible lining
fabrics listed in Chapter Rule 1, such requirement shall only apply to the visible lining fabric in
the main body of the garment, excluding sleeves, which covers the largest surface area, and shall
not apply to removable linings.
Chapter Rule 3
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 2, a good of this chapter, other than a good of tariff item
6204.42.aa, 6204.42.bb, 6204.43.aa, 6204.43.bb, or 6204.44.aa, heading 62.07 through 62.08
(for boxers, pajamas, and nightwear only), or subheading 6212.10, containing fabrics of heading
60.02 or subheading 5806.20 shall be considered originating only if such fabrics are wholly
formed and finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter Rule 4
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 2, a good of this chapter, other than a good of heading 62.07
through 62.08 (for boxers, pajamas, and nightwear only), subheading 6212.10, tariff item
6204.42.aa, 6204.42.bb, 6204.43.aa, 6204.43.bb, or 6204.44.aa, containing sewing thread of
heading 52.04, 54.01, or 55.08, shall be considered originating only if such sewing thread is
wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter Rule 5
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 2, a good of this chapter that contains a pocket or pockets shall be
considered originating only if the pocket bag fabric is wholly formed and finished in the territory
of one or both of the Parties from yarn wholly formed and finished in the territory of one or both
of the Parties.
6201.11 – 6201.13
A change to subheading 6201.11 through 6201.13 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
Annex 4.1-41
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6201.19
A change to subheading 6201.19 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or
both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6201.91 – 6201.93
A change to subheading 6201.91 through 6201.93 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6201.99
A change to subheading 6201.99 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or
both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6202.11 – 6202.13
A change to subheading 6202.11 through 6202.13 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6202.19
A change to subheading 6202.19 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or
both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6202.91 – 6202.93
Annex 4.1-42
A change to subheading 6202.91 through 6202.93 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6202.99
A change to subheading 6202.99 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or
both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6203.11 – 6203.12
A change to subheading 6203.11 through 6203.12 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6203.19
A change to tariff item 6203.19.aa or 6203.19.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6203.19 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6203.21 – 6203.29
Annex 4.1-43
A change to subheading 6203.21 through 6203.29 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
6203.31 – 6203.33
A change to subheading 6203.31 through 6203.33 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6203.39
A change to tariff item 6203.39.aa or 6203.39.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6203.39 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6203.41 – 6203.49
A change to subheading 6203.41 through 6203.49 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Annex 4.1-44
6204.11 – 6204.13
A change to subheading 6204.11 through 6204.13 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02,or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6204.19
A change to tariff item 6204.19.aa or 6204.19.bb from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6204.19 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6204.21 – 6204.29
A change to subheading 6204.21 through 6204.29 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
6204.31 – 6204.33
A change to subheading 6204.31 through 6204.33 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
Annex 4.1-45
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6204.39
A change to tariff item 6204.39.bb or 6204.39.cc from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6204.39 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6204.41
A change to subheading 6204.41 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or
both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6204.42 – 6204.44
A change to tariff item 6204.42.aa, 6204.42.bb, 6204.43.aa, 6204.43.bb, or 6204.44.aa from any
other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise
assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6204.42 – 6204.49
A change to subheading 6204.42 through 6204.49 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6204.51 – 6204.53
A change to subheading 6204.51 through 6204.53 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
Annex 4.1-46
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6204.59
A change to tariff item 6204.59.aa from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or
both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of subheading 6204.59 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading
55.08 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) any visible lining material contained in the apparel article satisfies the
requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6204.61 – 6204.69
A change to subheading 6204.61 through 6204.69 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
62.05 – 62.06
A change to heading 62.05 through 62.06 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
62.07 – 62.08
A change to boxer shorts of subheading 6207.11, tariff item 6207.19.aa, 6208.91.aa, 6208.92.aa,
or 6208.92.bb from any other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
A change to pajamas and nightwear of subheading 6207.21, 6207.22, tariff item 6207.91.aa,
6207.92.aa, subheading 6208.21, or 6208.22 from any other chapter, provided that the good is
cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of
the Parties.
A change to any other good of heading 62.07 through 62.08 from any other chapter, except from
heading 51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Annex 4.1-47
62.09 – 62.10
A change to heading 62.09 through 62.10 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6211.11 – 6211.12
A change to subheading 6211.11 through 6211.12 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6211.20
A change to subheading 6211.20 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through
51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16,
58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that:
(a) the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the
territory of one or both of the Parties, and
(b) with respect to a garment described in heading 61.01, 61.02, 62.01, or 62.02, of
wool, fine animal hair, cotton, or man-made fibers, imported as part of a ski-suit
of this subheading, any visible lining material contained in the apparel article
satisfies the requirements of Chapter Rule 1 for Chapter 62.
6211.31 – 6211.49
A change to subheading 6211.31 through 6211.49 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6212.10
A change to subheading 6212.10 from any other chapter, provided that the good is cut or knit to
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
6212.20 – 6212.90
A change to subheading 6212.20 through 6212.90 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
62.13 – 62.17
A change to heading 62.13 through 62.17 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to
Annex 4.1-48
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Chapter 63
Other Made Up Textile Articles; Sets; Worn Clothing and Worn Textile Articles; Rags
Chapter Rule 1
For purposes of determining whether a good of this chapter is originating, the rule applicable to
that good shall only apply to the component that determines the tariff classification of the good
and such component must satisfy the tariff change requirements set out in the rule for that good.
Chapter Rule 2
Notwithstanding Chapter Rule 1, a good of this chapter containing sewing thread of heading
52.04, 54.01, or 55.08 shall be considered originating only if such sewing thread is wholly
formed and finished in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
63.01 – 63.02
A change to heading 63.01 through 63.02 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
63.03
A change to tariff item 6303.92.aa from tariff item 5402.43.aa, 5402.52.aa, or any other chapter,
except from heading 51.11 through 51.13, 5204 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54,
heading 55.08 through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the
good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or
both of the Parties.
A change to any other tariff item of heading 63.03 from any other chapter, except from heading
51.11 through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08
through 55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit
to shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
63.04 – 63.08
A change to heading 63.04 through 63.08 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11
through 51.13, 52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through
55.16, 58.01 through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to
shape, or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
63.09
A change to 63.09 from any other heading.
63.10
A change to heading 63.10 from any other chapter, except from heading 51.11 through 51.13,
52.04 through 52.12, 53.10 through 53.11, Chapter 54, heading 55.08 through 55.16, 58.01
through 58.02, or 60.01 through 60.06, provided that the good is cut or knit to shape, or both, and
Annex 4.1-49
sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Section XII
Footwear, Headgear, Umbrellas, Sun Umbrellas, Walking-Sticks, Seat-Sticks, Whips,
Riding-Crops and Parts Thereof; Prepared Feathers and Articles Made Therewith;
Artificial Flowers; Articles of Human Hair (Chapter 64-67)
Chapter 64
Footwear, Gaiters and the Like; Parts of Such Articles
64.01 – 64.06
A change to subheading 6401.10 or 6401.91, or tariff item 6401.92.aa., 6401.99aa, 6401.99.bb
6401.99.cc, 6402.30.aa, 6402.30.bb, 6402.30.cc, 6402.91.aa, 6402.91.bb, 6402.91.cc, 6402.99.aa,
6402.99.bb, 6402.99.cc, 6404.11.aa, or 6404.19.aa from any other heading outside heading 64.01
through 64.05, except from subheading 6406.10, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than 55 percent under the build-up method.
Chapter 65
Headgear and Parts Thereof
65.01 – 65.02
A change to heading 65.01 through 65.02 from any other chapter.
65.03 – 65.06
A change to heading 65.03 through 65.06 from any other heading, except from heading 65.03
through 65.07.
65.07
A change to heading 65.07 from any other heading.
Chapter 66
Umbrellas, Sun Umbrellas, Walking Sticks, Seat-Sticks, Whips, Riding-Crops and
Parts Thereof
66.01
A change to heading 66.01 from any other heading.
66.02
A change to heading 66.02 from any other heading.
66.03
Annex 4.1-50
A change to heading 66.03 from any other chapter.
Chapter 67
Prepared Feathers and Down and Articles Made of Feathers or of Down; Artificial
Flowers; Articles of Human Hair
67.01
A change to heading 67.01 from any other heading; or
A change to articles of feather or down of heading 67.01 from any other good, including a good
in that heading.
67.02 – 67.04
A change to heading 67.02 through 67.04 from any other heading.
Section XIII
Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica or Similar Materials; Ceramic Products;
Glass and Glassware (Chapter 68-70)
Chapter 68
Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica or Similar Materials
68.01 – 68.11
A change to heading 68.01 through 68.11 from any other heading.
6812.50
A change to subheading 6812.50 from any other subheading.
6812.60 – 6812.70
A change to subheading 6812.60 through 6812.70 from any other subheading outside that group.
6812.90
A change to subheading 6812.90 from any other heading.
68.13 – 68.14
A change to heading 68.13 through 68.14 from any other heading.
6815.10 – 6815.99
A change to subheading 6815.10 through 6815.99 from any other subheading.
Chapter 69
Ceramic Products
69.01 – 69.14
A change to heading 69.01 through 69.14 from any other chapter.
Annex 4.1-51
Chapter 70
Glass and Glassware
70.01
A change to heading 70.01 from any other heading.
7002.10
A change to subheading 7002.10 from any other heading.
7002.20
A change to subheading 7002.20 from any other chapter.
7002.31
A change to subheading 7002.31 from any other heading.
7002.32 – 7002.39
A change to subheading 7002.32 through 7002.39 from any other chapter.
70.03
A change to heading 70.03 from any other chapter.
70.04 – 70.07
A change to heading 70.04 through 70.07 from any other heading outside the group.
70.08
A change to heading 70.08 from any other heading.
70.09
A change to heading 70.09 from any other heading, except from heading 70.07 through 70.08.
70.10
A change to heading 70.10 from any other chapter.
70.11 – 70.18
A change to heading 70.11 through 70.18 from any other heading outside the group, except from
heading 70.07 through 70.08.
70.19
A change to heading 70.19 from any other heading, except from heading 70.07 through 70.20.
70.20
A change to heading 70.20 from any other heading.
Section XIV
Natural or Cultured Pearls, Precious or Semi-Precious Stones, Precious Metals, Metals
Clad with Precious Metal and Articles Thereof; Imitation Jewellery; Coin (Chapter 71)
Annex 4.1-52
Chapter 71
Natural or Cultured Pearls, Precious or Semi-Precious Stones, Precious Metals, Metals
Clad with Precious Metal and Articles Thereof, Imitation Jewellery; Coin
71.01
A change to heading 71.01 from any other heading.
71.02 – 71.03
A change to heading 71.02 through 71.03 from any other chapter.
71.04 – 71.05
A change to heading 71.04 through 71.05 from any other heading.
71.06
A change to heading 71.06 from any other chapter.
71.07
A change to heading 71.07 from any other heading.
71.08
A change to heading 71.08 from any other chapter.
71.09
A change to heading 71.09 from any other heading.
71.10 – 71.11
A change to heading 71.10 through 71.11 from any other chapter.
71.12
A change to heading 71.12 from any other heading.
71.13
A change to heading 71.13 from any other heading, except from heading 71.16.
71.14 – 71.15
A change to heading 71.14 through 71.15 from any other heading.
71.16
A change to heading 71.16 from any other heading, except from heading 71.13.
71.17 – 71.18
A change to heading 71.17 through 71.18 from any other heading.
Section XV
Base Metals and Articles of Base Metal (Chapter 72-83)
Annex 4.1-53
Chapter 72
Iron and Steel
72.01 – 72.05
A change to heading 72.01 through 72.05 from any other chapter.
72.06 – 72.07
A change to heading 72.06 through 72.07 from any other heading outside that group.
72.08 – 72.29
A change to heading 72.08 through 72.29 from any other heading.
Chapter 73
Articles of Iron or Steel
73.01 – 73.07
A change to heading 73.01 through 73.07 from any other chapter; or
A change to a good of subheading 7304.41 having an external diameter of less than 19 mm from
subheading 7304.49.
73.08
A change to heading 73.08 from any other heading, except for changes resulting from the
following processes performed on angles, shapes, or sections classified in heading 72.16:
73.09 – 73.11
A change to heading 73.09 through 73.11 from any other heading outside that group.
Annex 4.1-54
73.12 – 73.14
A change to heading 73.12 through 73.14 from any other heading.
7315.11 – 7315.12
A change to subheading 7315.11 through 7315.12 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 7315.11 through 7315.12 from subheading 7315.19, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
7315.19
A change to subheading 7315.19 from any other heading.
7315.20 –7315.89
A change to subheading 7315.20 through 7315.89 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 7315.20 through 7315.89 from subheading 7315.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
7315.90
A change to subheading 7315.90 from any other heading.
73.16
A change to heading 73.16 from any other heading, except from heading 73.12 or 73.15.
73.17 – 73.18
A change to heading 73.17 through 73.18 from any heading outside that group.
73.19 – 73.20
A change to heading 73.19 through 73.20 from any other heading.
7321.11
A change to subheading 7321.11 from any other subheading, except cooking chambers, whether
or not assembled, the upper panel, whether or not with controls or burners, or door assemblies,
which includes more than one of the following components: inside panel, external panel, window
or isolation of subheading 7321.90; or
Annex 4.1-55
A change to subheading 7321.11 from subheading 7321.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
7321.12 – 7321.83
A change to subheading 7321.12 through 7321.83 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 7321.12 through 7321.83 from subheading 7321.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
7321.90
A change to subheading 7321.90 from any other heading, or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is regional value content of not
less than:
73.22 – 73.23
A change to heading 73.22 through 73.23 from any heading outside that group.
7324.10 – 7324.29
A change to subheading 7324.10 through 7324.29 from any other heading; or
No change of in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
7324.90
A change to subheading 7324.90 from any other heading.
7325.10 – 7326.20
Annex 4.1-56
A change to subheading 7325.10 through 7326.20 from any subheading outside that group.
7326.90
A change to subheading 7326.90 from any other heading, except from heading 73.25.
Chapter 74
Copper and Articles Thereof
74.01 – 74.03
A change to heading 74.01 through 74.03 from any other heading.
74.04
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is regional value content of not
less than:
74.05 – 74.07
A change to heading 74.05 through 74.07 from any other heading.
74.08
A change to heading 74.08 from any other heading, except from heading 74.07.
74.09
A change to heading 74.09 from any other heading.
74.10
A change to heading 74.10 from any other heading, except from plate, sheet, or strip classified in
heading 74.09 of a thickness less than 5mm.
74.11 – 74.19
A change to heading 74.11 through 74.19 from any other heading.
Chapter 75
Nickel and Articles Thereof
75.01 – 75.05
A change to heading 75.01 through 75.05 from any other heading.
75.06
A change to heading 75.06 from any other heading; or
A change to foil, not exceeding 0.15 mm in thickness, from any other good of heading 75.06,
provided that there has been a reduction in thickness of no less than 50 percent.
Annex 4.1-57
7507.11 – 7508.90
A change to subheading 7507.11 through 7508.90 from any other subheading.
Chapter 76
Aluminum and Articles Thereof
76.01
A change to heading 76.01 from any other chapter.
76.02
A change to heading 76.02 from any other heading.
76.03
A change to heading 76.03 from any other chapter.
76.04
A change to heading 76.04 from any other heading, except from heading 76.05 through 76.06.
76.05
A change to heading 76.05 from any other heading, except from heading 76.04.
7606.11
A change to subheading 7606.11 from any other heading.
7606.12
A change to subheading 7606.12 from any other heading, except from heading 76.04 through
76.06.
7606.91
A change to subheading 7606.91 from any other heading.
7606.92
A change to subheading 7606.92 from any other heading, except from heading 76.04 through
76.06.
7607.11
A change to subheading 7607.11 from any other heading.
7607.19 – 7607.20
A change to subheading 7607.19 through 7607.20 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-58
(b) 35 percent under the build-down method.
76.08 – 76.09
A change to heading 76.08 through 76.09 from any other heading outside that group.
76.10 – 76.15
A change to heading 76.10 through 76.15 from any other heading.
7616.10
A change to subheading 7616.10 from any other heading.
7616.91 – 7616.99
A change to subheading 7616.91 through 7616.99 from any other subheading.
Chapter 78
Lead and Articles Thereof
78.01 – 78.02
A change to heading 78.01 through 78.02 from any other chapter.
78.03 – 78.06
A change to heading 78.03 through 78.06 from any other heading.
Chapter 79
Zinc and Articles Thereof
79.01 – 79.02
A change to heading 79.01 through 79.02 from any other chapter.
7903.10
A change to subheading 7903.10 from any other chapter.
7903.90
A change to subheading 7903.90 from any other heading.
79.04 – 79.07
A change to heading 79.04 through 79.07 from any other heading.
Chapter 80
Tin and Articles Thereof
80.01 – 80.02
A change to heading 80.01 through 80.02 from any other chapter.
80.03 – 80.04
Annex 4.1-59
A change to heading 80.03 through 80.04 from any other heading.
80.05
A change to heading 80.05 from any other heading, except from heading 80.04.
80.06 – 80.07
A change to heading 80.06 through 80.07 from any other heading.
Chapter 81
Other Base Metals; Cermets; Articles Thereof
8101.10 – 8101.94
A change to subheading 8101.10 through 8101.94 from any other chapter.
8101.95
A change to subheading 8101.95 from any other subheading.
8101.96
A change to subheading 8101.96 from any other subheading, except from subheading 8101.95.
8101.97
A change to subheading 8101.97 from any other chapter.
8101.99
A change to subheading 8101.99 from any other subheading.
8102.10 – 8102.94
A change to subheading 8102.10 through 8102.94 from any other chapter.
8102.95
A change to subheading 8102.95 from any other subheading.
8102.96
A change to subheading 8102.96 from any other subheading, except from subheading 8102.95.
8102.97
A change to subheading 8102.97 from any other chapter.
8102.99
A change to subheading 8102.99 from any other subheading.
8103.20 – 8103.30
A change to subheading 8103.20 through 8103.30 from any other chapter.
8103.90
A change to subheading 8103.90 from any other subheading.
Annex 4.1-60
8104.11 – 8104.20
A change to subheading 8104.11 through 8104.20 from any other chapter.
8104.30 – 8104.90
A change to subheading 8104.30 through 8104.90 from any other subheading.
8105.20 – 8105.30
A change to subheading 8105.20 through 8105.30 from any other chapter.
8105.90
A change to subheading 8105.90 from any other subheading.
81.06
A change to heading 81.06 from any other chapter; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8107.20 – 8107.30
A change to subheading 8107.20 through 8107.30 from any other chapter.
8107.90
A change to subheading 8107.90 from any other subheading.
8108.20 – 8108.30
A change to subheading 8108.20 through 8108.30 from any other chapter.
8108.90
A change to subheading 8108.90 from any other subheading.
8109.20 – 8109.30
A change to subheading 8109.20 through 8109.30 from any other chapter.
8109.90
A change to subheading 8109.90 from any other subheading.
81.10
A change to heading 81.10 from any other chapter; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-61
(a) 35percent under the build-up method, or
81.11
A change to heading 81.11 from any other chapter; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8112.12 – 8112.13
A change to subheading 8112.12 through 8112.13 from any other chapter.
8112.19
A change to subheading 8112.19 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8112.21 – 8112.59
A change to subheading 8112.21 through 8112.59 from any other chapter; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8112.92
A change to subheading 8112.92 from any other chapter.
8112.99
A change to subheading 8112.99 from any other subheading.
81.13
A change to heading 81.13 from any other chapter; or
Annex 4.1-62
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Chapter 82
Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Spoons and Forks, of Base Metal; Parts Thereof of Base Metal
82.01 – 82.06
A change to heading 82.01 through 82.06 from any other chapter.
8207.13
A change to subheading 8207.13 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 8207.13 from heading 82.09 or subheading 8207.19, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8207.19 – 8207.90
A change to subheading 8207.19 through 8207.90 from any other chapter.
82.08 – 82.15
A change to heading 82.08 through 82.15 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 8211.91 through 8211.93 from subheading 8211.95, whether or not
there is also a change from another chapter, provided that there is also a regional value content of
not less than:
Chapter 83
Miscellaneous Articles of Base Metal
8301.10 – 8301.40
A change to subheading 8301.10 through 8301.40 from any other chapter; or
Annex 4.1-63
A change to subheading 8301.10 through 8301.40 from subheading 8301.60, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8301.50
A change to subheading 8301.50 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 8301.50 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8301.60 – 8301.70
A change to subheading 8301.60 through 8301.70 from any other chapter.
83.02 – 83.04
A change to heading 83.02 through 83.04 from any other heading.
8305.10 – 8305.20
A change to subheading 8305.10 through 8305.20 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 8305.10 through 8305.20 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
8305.90
A change to subheading 8305.90 from any other heading.
8306.10
A change to subheading 8306.10 from any other chapter.
8306.21 – 8306.30
A change to subheading 8306.21 through 8306.30 from any other heading.
83.07
A change to heading 83.07 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-64
8308.10 – 8308.20
A change to subheading 8308.10 through 8308.20 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 8308.10 through 8308.20 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
8308.90
A change to subheading 8308.90 from any other heading.
83.09 – 83.10
A change to heading 83.09 through 83.10 from any other heading.
8311.10 – 8311.30
A change to subheading 8311.10 through 8311.30 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 8311.10 through 8311.30 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
8311.90
A change to subheading 8311.90 from any other heading.
Section XVI
Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Electrical Equipment; Parts Thereof; Sound
Recorders and Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and
Parts and Accessories of Such Articles (Chapter 84-85)
Chapter 84
Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Parts Thereof
8401.10 – 8401.30
A change to subheading 8401.10 through 8401.30 from any other subheading.
8401.40
A change to subheading 8401.40 from any other heading.
8402.11
A change to subheading 8402.11 from any other heading; or
Annex 4.1-65
A change to subheading 8402.11 from subheading 8402.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8402.12
A change to subheading 8402.12 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8402.12 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8402.19
A change to subheading 8402.19 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8402.19 from subheading 8402.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8402.20
A change to subheading 8402.20 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8402.20 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8402.90
A change to subheading 8402.90 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-66
8403.10
A change to subheading 8403.10 from any other subheading.
8403.90
A change to subheading 8403.90 from any other heading.
8404.10
A change to subheading 8404.10 from any other subheading.
8404.20
A change to subheading 8404.20 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8404.20 from subheading 8404.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8404.90
A change to subheading 8404.90 from any other heading.
8405.10
A change to subheading 8405.10 from any other subheading.
8405.90
A change to subheading 8405.90 from any other heading.
8406.10
A change to subheading 8406.10 from any other subheading.
8406.81 – 8406.82
A change to subheading 8406.81 through 8406.82 from any other subheading outside that group.
8406.90
A change to subheading 8406.90 from any other heading;
A change to rotors, finished for final assembly of subheading 8406.90, from rotors, not further
advanced than cleaned or machined for removal of fins, gates, sprues, and risers, or to permit
location in finishing machinery of subheading 8406.90; or
A change to blades, rotating or stationary of subheading 8406.90 from any other good, including
a good in that subheading.
8407.10
Annex 4.1-67
A change to subheading 8407.10 from any other heading.
8407.21 – 8407.29
A change to subheading 8407.21 through 8407.29 from any other heading.
8407.31 – 8407.34
A change to subheading 8407.31 through 8407.34 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8407.90
A change to subheading 8407.90 from any other heading.
8408.10
A change to subheading 8408.10 from any other heading.
8408.20
A change to subheading 8408.20 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8408.90
A change to subheading 8408.90 from any other heading.
84.09
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-68
(c) 35 percent under the net cost method.
8410.11– 8410.13
A change to subheading 8410.11 through 8410.13 from any other subheading outside that group.
8410.90
A change to subheading 8410.90 from any other heading.
8411.11 – 8411.82
A change to subheading 8411.11 through 8411.82 from any other subheading outside that group.
8411.91 – 8411.99
A change to subheading 8411.91 through 8411.99 from any other heading.
8412.10 – 8412.80
A change to subheading 8412.10 through 8412.80 from any other subheading.
8412.90
A change to subheading 8412.90 from any other heading.
8413.11 – 8413.82
A change to subheading 8413.11 through 8413.82 from any other subheading.
8413.91 – 8413.92
A change to subheading 8413.91 through 8413.92 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required for subheading 8413.92, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
8414.10 – 8414.80
A change to subheading 8414.10 through 8414.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8414.10 through 8414.80 from subheading 8414.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8414.90
A change to subheading 8414.90 from any other heading; or
Annex 4.1-69
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8415.10 – 8415.83
A change to subheading 8415.10 through 8415.83 from any other subheading.
8415.90
A change to subheading 8415.90 from any other heading; or
A change to chassis, chassis blades, or outer cabinets of subheading 8415.90 from any other
good, including a good in that subheading.
8416.10 – 8416.90
A change to subheading 8416.10 through 8416.90 from any other subheading
8417.10 – 8417.80
A change to subheading 8417.10 through 8417.80 from any other subheading.
8417.90
A change to subheading 8417.90 from any other heading.
8418.10 – 8418.69
A change to subheading 8418.10 through 8418.69 from any other subheading outside that group,
except from subheading 8418.91.
8418.91 – 8418.99
A change to subheading 8418.91 through 8418.99 from any other heading.
8419.11 – 8419.89
A change to subheading 8419.11 through 8419.89 from any other subheading.
8419.90
A change to subheading 8419.90 any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-70
8420.10
A change to subheading 8420.10 from any other subheading.
8420.91 – 8420.99
A change to subheading 8420.91 through 8420.99 from any other heading.
8421.11 – 8421.39
A change to subheading 8421.11 through 8421.39 from any other subheading.
8421.91 – 8421.99
A change to subheading 8421.91 through 8421.99 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8422.11 – 8422.40
A change to subheading 8422.11 through 8422.40 from any other subheading.
8422.90
A change to subheading 8422.90 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8423.10 – 8423.89
A change to subheading 8423.10 through 8423.89 from any other subheading.
8423.90
A change to subheading 8423.90 from any other heading.
8424.10 – 8430.69
A change to subheading 8424.10 through 8430.69 from any other subheading.
84.31
A change to heading 84.31 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required for subheading 8431.10, 8431.31, 8431.39, 8431.43
or 8431.49, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-71
(a) 35 percent under the build-up method, or
8432.10 – 8437.90
A change to subheading 8432.10 through 8437.90 from any other subheading.
8438.10 – 8438.80
A change to subheading 8438.10 through 8438.80 from any other subheading.
8438.90
A change to subheading 8438.90 from any other heading.
8439.10 – 8440.90
A change to subheading 8439.10 through 8440.90 from any other subheading.
8441.10 – 8441.80
A change to subheading 8441.10 through 8441.80 from any other subheading.
8441.90
A change to subheading 8441.90 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8442.10 – 8442.30
A change to subheading 8442.10 through 8442.30 from any other subheading outside that group.
8442.40 – 8442.50
A change to subheading 8442.40 through 8442.50 from any other heading.
8443.11 – 8443.59
A change to subheading 8443.11 through 8443.59 from any other subheading outside that group,
except from subheading 8443.60; or
A change to subheading 8443.11 through 8443.59 from subheading 8443.60, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-72
(b) 45 percent under the build-down method.
8443.60
A change to subheading 8443.60 from any other subheading, except from subheading 8443.11
through 8443.59.
8443.90
A change to subheading 8443.90 from any other heading.
84.44
A change to heading 84.44 from any other heading.
84.45 – 84.47
A change to heading 84.45 through 84.47 from any other heading outside that group.
8448.11 – 8448.19
A change to subheading 8448.11 through 8448.19 from any other subheading.
8448.20 – 8448.59
A change to subheading 8448.20 through 8448.59 from any other heading.
84.49
A change to heading 84.49 from any other heading.
8450.11 – 8450.20
A change to subheading 8450.11 through 8450.20 from any other subheading.
8450.90
A change to subheading 8450.90 from any other heading.
8451.10 – 8451.80
A change to subheading 8451.10 through 8451.80 from any other subheading.
8451.90
A change to subheading 8451.90 from any other heading.
8452.10 – 8452.29
A change to subheading 8452.10 through 8452.29 from any other subheading outside that group.
8452.30 – 8452.40
A change to subheading 8452.30 through 8452.40 from any other subheading.
8452.90
A change to subheading 8452.90 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-73
8453.10 – 8453.80
A change to subheading 8453.10 through 8453.80 from any other subheading.
8453.90
A change to subheading 8453.90 from any other heading.
8454.10 – 8454.30
A change to subheading 8454.10 through 8454.30 from any other subheading.
8454.90
A change to subheading 8454.90 from any other heading.
8455.10 – 8455.90
A change to subheading 8455.10 through 8455.90 from any other subheading.
84.56 – 84.63
A change to heading 84.56 through 84.63 from any other heading, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than 65 percent under the build-down method.
84.64 – 84.65
A change to heading 84.64 through 84.65 from any other heading.
84.66
A change to heading 84.66 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
8467.11 – 8467.89
A change to subheading 8467.11 through 8467.89 from any other subheading.
8467.91
A change to subheading 8467.91 from any other heading.
8467.92 – 8467.99
A change to subheading 8467.92 through 8467.99 from any other heading, except from heading
84.07.
8468.10 – 8468.80
A change to subheading 8468.10 through 8468.80 from any other subheading.
8468.90
A change to subheading 8468.90 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-74
8469.11 – 8469.12
A change to subheading 8469.11 through 8469.12 from any other subheading outside that group.
8469.20 – 8469.30
A change to subheading 8469.20 through 8469.30 from any other subheading outside that group.
8470.10 – 8472.90
A change to subheading 8470.10 through 8472.90 from any other subheading.
8473.10 – 8473.50
A change to subheading 8473.10 through 8473.50 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8474.10 – 8474.80
A change to subheading 8474.10 through 8474.80 from any other subheading outside that group.
8474.90
A change to subheading 8474.90 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8475.10
A change to subheading 8475.10 from any other subheading.
8475.21 – 8475.29
A change to subheading 8475.21 through 8475.29 from any other subheading outside that group.
8475.90
A change to subheading 8475.90 from any other heading.
8476.21 – 8476.89
A change to subheading 8476.21 through 8476.89 from any other subheading outside that group.
8476.90
A change to subheading 8476.90 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-75
84.77
A change to heading 84.77 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
A change to subheading 8477.10 through 8477.80 from subheading 8477.90, whether or not
there is a change from any other heading, provided there is a regional value content of not less
than:
8478.10
A change to subheading 8478.10 from any other subheading.
8478.90
A change to subheading 8478.90 from any other heading.
8479.10 – 8479.89
A change to subheading 8479.10 through 8479.89 from any other subheading.
8479.90
A change to subheading 8479.90 from any other subheading.
84.80 – 84.81
A change to heading 84.80 through 84.81 from any other heading.
8482.10 – 8482.80
A change to subheading 8482.10 through 8482.80 from any subheading outside that group,
except from inner or outer rings or races of subheading 8482.99; or
A change to subheading 8482.10 through 8482.80 from inner or outer rings or races of
subheading 8482.99, whether or not there is also a change from any subheading outside that
group, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than 40 percent under the build-
up method.
8482.91 – 8482.99
A change to subheading 8482.91 through 8482.99 from any other heading.
8483.10
A change to subheading 8483.10 from any other subheading.
Annex 4.1-76
8483.20
A change to subheading 8483.20 from any other subheading, except from subheading 8482.10
through 8482.80.
8483.30
A change to subheading 8483.30 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8483.30 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than 40 percent under the build up method.
8483.40 – 8483.50
A change to subheading 8483.40 through 8483.50 from any subheading, except from subheading
8482.10 through 8482.80, 8482.99, 8483.10 through 8483.40, 8483.60 or 8483.90; or
A change to subheading 8483.40 through 8483.50 from subheading 8482.10 through 8482.80,
8482.99, 8483.10 through 8483.40, 8483.60 or 8483.90, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than 40 percent under the build up method.
8483.60
A change to subheading 8483.60 from any other subheading.
8483.90
A change to subheading 8483.90 from any other heading.
8484.10 – 8484.90
A change to subheading 8484.10 through 8484.90 from any other subheading.
84.85
A change to heading 84.85 from any other heading.
Chapter 85
Electrical Machinery and Equipment and Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders and
Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and Parts and
Accessories of Such Articles
8501.10
A change to subheading 8501.10 from any other heading, except from stators or rotors of
heading 85.03; or
A change to subheading 8501.10 from stators or rotors of heading 85.03, whether or not there is
also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less
than:
Annex 4.1-77
(b) 45 percent under the build-down method.
8501.20 – 8501.64
A change to subheading 8501.20 through 8501.64 from any other heading.
85.02 – 85.03
A change to heading 85.02 through 85.03 from any other heading.
8504.10 – 8504.23
A change to subheading 8504.10 through 8504.23 from any subheading outside subheading
8504.10 through 8504.50.
8504.31
A change to subheading 8504.31 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8504.31 from subheading 8504.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8504.32 – 8504.50
A change to subheading 8504.32 through 8504.50 from any subheading outside subheading
8504.10 through 8504.50.
8504.90
A change to subheading 8504.90 from any other heading.
8505.11 – 8505.30
A change to subheading 8505.11 through 8505.30 from any other subheading.
8505.90
A change to subheading 8505.90 from any other heading.
8506.10 – 8506.40
A change to subheading 8506.10 through 8506.40 from any other subheading.
8506.50 – 8506.80
A change to subheading 8506.50 through 8506.80 from any other subheading outside that group.
8506.90
A change to subheading 8506.90 from any other heading.
8507.10
A change to subheading 8507.10 from any other heading; or
Annex 4.1-78
A change to subheading 8507.10 from any other subheading, whether or not there is also a
change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8507.20 – 8507.80
A change to subheading 8507.20 through 8507.80 from any other subheading.
8507.90
A change to subheading 8507.90 from any other heading.
8509.10 – 8509.80
A change to subheading 8509.10 through 8509.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8509.10 through 8509.80 from any other subheading, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8509.90
A change to subheading 8509.90 from any other heading.
8510.10 – 8510.30
A change to subheading 8510.10 through 8510.30 from any other subheading.
8510.90
A change to subheading 8510.90 from any other heading.
8511.10 – 8511.80
A change to subheading 8511.10 through 8511.80 from any other subheading.
8511.90
A change to subheading 8511.90 from any other heading.
8512.10 – 8512.30
A change to subheading 8512.10 through 8512.30 from any other subheading outside that group.
8512.40
A change to subheading 8512.40 from any other heading; or
Annex 4.1-79
A change to subheading 8512.40 from subheading 8512.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is also a regional value content of not less than:
8512.90
A change to subheading 8512.90 from any other heading.
8513.10
A change to subheading 8513.10 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8513.10 from subheading 8513.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8513.90
A change to subheading 8513.90 from any other heading.
8514.10 – 8514.40
A change to subheading 8514.10 through 8514.40 from any other subheading.
8514.90
A change to subheading 8514.90 from any other heading.
8515.11 – 8515.80
A change to subheading 8515.11 through 8515.80 from any other subheading outside that group.
8515.90
A change to subheading 8515.90 from any other heading.
8516.10 – 8516.50
A change to subheading 8516.10 through 8516.50 from any other subheading.
8516.60
A change to subheading 8516.60 from any other subheading, except furniture, whether or not
assembled, cooking chambers, whether or not assembled, or the upper panel, whether or not with
heating or control elements, of subheading 8516.90; or
A change to subheading 8516.60 from subheading 8516.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-80
(a) 30 percent under the build-up method, or
8516.71
A change to subheading 8516.71 from any other subheading.
8516.72
A change to subheading 8516.72 from any other subheading, except from housings for toasters
of subheading 8516.90 or subheading 9032.10; or
A change to subheading 8516.72 from housings for toasters of subheading 8516.90 or 9032.10,
whether or not there is also a change from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8516.79
A change to subheading 8516.79 from any other subheading.
8516.80
A change to subheading 8516.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8516.80 from subheading 8516.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8516.90
A change to subheading 8516.90 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8517.11 – 8517.80
A change to subheading 8517.11 through 8517.80 from any other subheading.
8517.90
Annex 4.1-81
A change to subheading 8517.90 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8518.10 – 8518.21
A change to subheading 8518.10 through 8518.21 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8518.10 through 8518.21 from subheading 8518.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8518.22
A change to subheading 8518.22 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8518.22 from subheading 8518.29 or 8518.90, whether or not there is
also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less
than:
8518.29 – 8518.50
A change to subheading 8518.29 through 8518.50 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8518.29 through 8518.50 from subheading 8518.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8518.90
A change to subheading 8518.90 from any other heading.
8519.10 – 8519.40
Annex 4.1-82
A change to subheading 8519.10 through 8519.40 from any other subheading.
8519.92 – 8519.93
A change to subheading 8519.92 through 8519.93 from any other subheading outside that group.
8519.99
A change to subheading 8519.99 from any other subheading.
8520.10 – 8520.20
A change to subheading 8520.10 through 8520.20 from any other subheading.
8520.32 – 8520.33
A change to subheading 8520.32 through 8520.33 from any other subheading outside that group.
8520.39 – 8524.99
A change to subheading 8520.39 through 8524.99 from any other subheading.
8525.10 – 8525.20
A change to subheading 8525.10 through 8525.20 from any other subheading outside that group.
8525.30 – 8525.40
A change to subheading 8525.30 through 8525.40 from any other subheading.
8526.10 – 8527.90
A change to subheading 8526.10 through 8527.90 from any other subheading.
8528.12
A change to subheading 8528.12 from any other subheading, except from subheading 7011.20,
8540.11, or 8540.91.
8528.13
A change to subheading 8528.13 from any other subheading.
8528.21
A change to subheading 8528.21 from any other subheading, except from subheading 7011.20,
8540.11, or 8540.91.
8528.22 – 8528.30
A change to subheading 8528.22 through 8528.30 from any other subheading.
85.29
A change to heading 85.29 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required for subheading 8529.90, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-83
(a) 35 percent under the build-up method, or
8530.10 – 8530.80
A change to subheading 8530.10 through 8530.80 from any other subheading.
8530.90
A change to subheading 8530.90 from any other heading.
8531.10 – 8531.80
A change to subheading 8531.10 through 8531.80 from any other subheading.
8531.90
A change to subheading 8531.90 from any other heading.
8532.10 – 8532.30
A change to subheading 8532.10 through 8532.30 from any other subheading.
8532.90
A change to subheading 8532.90 from any other heading.
8533.10 – 8533.40
A change to subheading 8533.10 through 8533.40 from any other subheading.
8533.90
A change to subheading 8533.90 from any other heading.
85.34
A change to heading 85.34 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8535.10 – 8536.90
A change to subheading 8535.10 through 8536.90 from any other subheading.
85.37 – 85.38
A change to heading 85.37 through 85.38 from any other heading.
8539.10 – 8539.49
A change to subheading 8539.10 through 8539.49 from any other subheading.
Annex 4.1-84
8539.90
A change to subheading 8539.90 from any other heading.
8540.11
A change to subheading 8540.11 from any other subheading, except from subheadings 7011.20
or 8540.91
8540.12
A change to subheading 8540.12 from any other subheading.
8540.20
A change to subheading 8540.20 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8540.20 from subheading 8540.91 through 8540.99, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8540.40 – 8540.60
A change to subheading 8540.40 through 8540.60 from any other subheading outside that group.
8540.71 – 8540.89
A change to subheading 8540.71 through 8540.89 from any other subheading.
8540.91
A change to subheading 8540.91 from any other heading; or
A change to front panel assemblies of subheading 8540.91 from any other good, including a
good in that heading.
8540.99
A change to subheading 8540.99 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8541.10 – 8542.90
Annex 4.1-85
A change to assembled semiconductor devices, integrated circuits or microassemblies of
subheading 8541.10 through 8542.90 from unmounted chips, wafers or dice of subheading
8541.10 through 8542.90 or from any other subheading; or
A change to any other goods of subheading 8541.10 through 8542.90 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8543.11 – 8543.19
A change to subheading 8543.11 through 8543.19 from any other subheading outside that group.
8543.20 – 8543.30
A change to subheading 8543.20 through 8543.30 from any other subheading.
8543.40 – 8543.89
A change to subheading 8543.40 through 8543.89 from any other subheading outside that group.
8543.90
A change to subheading 8543.90 from any other heading.
8544.11
A change to subheading 8544.11 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8544.19
A change to subheading 8544.19 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
8544.20
A change to subheading 8544.20 from any subheading outside subheading 8544.11 through
8544.60, except from heading 74.08, 74.13, 76.05 or 76.14; or
Annex 4.1-86
A change to subheading 8544.20 from heading 74.08, 74.13, 76.05 or 76.14, whether or not there
is also a change from any other subheading, provided that there is also a regional value content
of not less than:
8544.30
A change to subheading 8544.30 from any other subheading.
8544.41 – 8544.49
A change to subheading 8544.41 through 8544.49 from any other subheading, provided that
there is also a regional value content of not less than:
8544.51 – 8544.59
A change to subheading 8544.51 through 8544.59 from any heading.
8544.60 – 8544.70
A change to subheading 8544.60 through 8544.70 from any other subheading, provided that
there is also a regional value content of not less than:
8545.11 – 8545.90
A change to subheading 8545.11 through 8545.90 from any other subheading.
85.46
A change to heading 85.46 from any other heading.
8547.10 – 8547.90
A change to subheading 8547.10 through 8547.90 from any other subheading.
85.48
A change to heading 85.48 from any other heading.
Section XVII
Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels and Associated Transport Equipment (Chapter 86-89)
Annex 4.1-87
Chapter 86
Railway or Tramway Locomotives, Rolling-Stock and Parts Thereof; Railway or Tramway
Track Fixtures and Fittings and Parts Thereof; Mechanical (Including Electro-
Mechanical) Traffic Signaling Equipment of all Kinds
86.01 – 86.02
A change to heading 86.01 through 86.02 from any other heading.
86.03 – 86.06
A change to heading 86.03 through 86.06 from any other heading, except from heading 86.07; or
A change to heading 86.03 through 86.06 from heading 86.07, whether or not there is also a
change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
8607.11 – 8607.12
A change to subheading 8607.11 through 8607.12 from any subheading outside that group.
8607.19
A change to axles of subheading 8607.19 from parts of axles of subheading 8607.19; or
A change to wheels, whether or not fitted with axles, of subheading 8607.19 from parts of axles
or parts of wheels of subheading 8607.19; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8607.21 – 8607.99
A change to subheading 8607.21 through 8607.99 from any other heading.
86.08 – 86.09
A change to heading 86.08 through 86.09 from any other heading.
Chapter 87
Vehicles Other Than Railway or Tramway Rolling-Stock, and Parts and Accessories
Thereof
Annex 4.1-88
87.01 – 87.06
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
87.07
A change to heading 87.07 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8708.10 – 8708.99
A change to subheading 8708.10 through 8708.99 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8709.11 – 8709.19
A change to subheading 8709.11 through 8709.19 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8709.11 through 8709.19 from subheading 8709.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
8709.90
Annex 4.1-89
A change to subheading 8709.90 from any other heading.
87.10
A change to heading 87.10 from any other heading.
87.11
A change to heading 87.11 from any other heading, except from heading 87.14; or
A change to heading 87.11 from heading 87.14, whether or not there is also a change from any
other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
87.12
A change to heading 87.12 from any other heading, except from heading 87.14; or
A change to heading 87.12 from heading 87.14, whether or not there is also a change from any
other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
87.13
A change to heading 87.13 from heading 87.14, whether or not there is also a change from any
other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
87.14 – 87.15
A change to heading 87.14 through 87.15 from any other heading.
8716.10 – 8716.80
A change to subheading 8716.10 through 8716.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 8716.10 through 8716.80 from subheading 8716.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-90
8716.90
A change to subheading 8716.90 from any other heading.
Chapter 88
Aircraft, Spacecraft, and Parts Thereof
8801.10 – 8803.90
A change to subheading 8801.10 through 8803.90 from any other subheading.
88.04 – 88.05
A change to heading 88.04 through 88.05 from any other heading.
Chapter 89
Ships, Boats and Floating Structures
89.01 – 89.02
A change to heading 89.01 through 89.02 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 89.01 through 89.02 from any other heading, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
89.03
A change to heading 89.03 from any other heading.
89.04 – 89.05
A change to heading 89.04 through 89.05 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 89.04 through 89.05 from any other heading, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
89.06 – 89.08
A change to heading 89.06 through 89.08 from any other heading.
Section XVIII
Optical, Photographic, Cinematographic, Measuring, Checking, Precision, Medical or
Surgical Instruments and Apparatus; Clocks and Watches; Musical Instruments; Parts
and Accessories Thereof (Chapter 90-92)
Annex 4.1-91
Chapter 90
Optical, Photographic, Cinematographic, Measuring, Checking, Precision, Medical or
Surgical Instruments and Apparatus; Parts and Accessories Thereof
9001.10
A change to subheading 9001.10 from any other chapter, except from heading 70.02; or
A change to subheading 9001.10 from heading 70.02, whether or not there is also a change from
any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
9001.20 – 9001.90
A change to subheading 9001.20 through 9001.90 from any other heading.
9002.11 – 9002.90
A change to subheading 9002.11 through 9002.90 from any other heading, except from heading
90.01.
9003.11 – 9003.19
A change to subheading 9003.11 through 9003.19 from any other subheading, except from
subheading 9003.90; or
A change to subheading 9003.11 through 9003.19 from subheading 9003.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9003.90
A change to subheading 9003.90 from any other heading.
9004.10
A change to subheading 9004.10 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9004.10 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-92
9004.90
A change to subheading 9004.90 from any other heading, except from subheading 9001.40 or
9001.50.
9005.10
A change to subheading 9005.10 from any other subheading.
9005.80
A change to subheading 9005.80 from any subheading, except from heading 90.01 through 90.02
or subheading 9005.90; or
A change to subheading 9005.80 from subheading 9005.90, provided there is a regional value
content of not less than:
9005.90
A change to subheading 9005.90 from any other heading.
9006.10 – 9006.69
A change to subheading 9006.10 through 9006.69 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9006.10 through 9006.69 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9006.91 – 9006.99
A change to subheading 9006.91 through 9006.99 from any other heading.
9007.11 – 9007.20
A change to subheading 9007.11 through 9007.20 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9007.11 through 9007.20 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9007.91 – 9007.92
Annex 4.1-93
A change to subheading 9007.91 through 9007.92 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required for subheading 9007.92, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
9008.10 – 9008.40
A change to subheading 9008.10 through 9008.40 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9008.10 through 9008.40 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9008.90
A change to subheading 9008.90 from any other heading.
9009.11
A change to subheading 9009.11 from any other subheading.
9009.12
A change to subheading 9009.12 from any other subheading, except from subheading 9009.91;
or
A change to subheading 9009.12 from subheading 9009.91, whether or not there is also a change
from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
9009.21 – 9009.30
A change to subheading 9009.21 through 9009.30 from any other subheading.
9009.91 – 9009.93
A change to subheading 9009.91 through 9009.93 from any other subheading outside that group.
9009.99
A change to subheading 9009.99 from any other subheading; or
Annex 4.1-94
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9010.10 – 9010.60
A change to subheading 9010.10 through 9010.60 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9010.10 through 9010.60 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9010.90
A change to subheading 9010.90 from any other heading.
9011.10 – 9011.80
A change to subheading 9011.10 through 9011.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9011.10 through 9011.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9011.90
A change to subheading 9011.90 from any other heading.
9012.10
A change to subheading 9012.10 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9012.10 from any other subheading, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
9012.90
A change to subheading 9012.90 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-95
9013.10 – 9013.80
A change to subheading 9013.10 through 9013.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9013.10 through 9013.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9013.90
A change to subheading 9013.90 from any other heading.
9014.10 – 9014.80
A change to subheading 9014.10 through 9014.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9014.10 through 9014.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9014.90
A change to subheading 9014.90 from any other heading.
9015.10 – 9015.80
A change to subheading 9015.10 through 9015.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9015.10 through 9015.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9015.90
A change to subheading 9015.90 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-96
90.16
A change to heading 90.16 from any other heading.
9017.10 – 9022.90
A change to subheading 9017.10 through 9022.90 from any other subheading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
90.23
A change to heading 90.23 from any other heading.
9024.10 – 9024.80
A change to subheading 9024.10 through 9024.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9024.10 through 9024.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9024.90
A change to subheading 9024.90 from any other heading.
9025.11 – 9025.80
A change to subheading 9025.11 through 9025.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9025.11 through 9025.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9025.90
A change to subheading 9025.90 from any other heading.
9026.10 – 9026.80
A change to subheading 9026.10 through 9026.80 from any other heading; or
Annex 4.1-97
A change to subheading 9026.10 through 9026.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9026.90
A change to subheading 9026.90 from any other heading.
9027.10 – 9027.80
A change to subheading 9027.10 through 9027.80 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9027.10 through 9027.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9027.90
A change to subheading 9027.90 from any other heading.
9028.10 – 9028.30
A change to subheading 9028.10 through 9028.30 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9028.10 through 9028.30 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9028.90
A change to subheading 9028.90 from any other heading.
9029.10 – 9029.20
A change to subheading 9029.10 through 9029.20 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9029.10 through 9029.20 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-98
9029.90
A change to subheading 9029.90 from any other heading.
9030.10 – 9030.89
A change to subheading 9030.10 through 9030.89 from any other subheading.
9030.90
A change to subheading 9030.90 from any other heading.
9031.10 – 9031.80
A change to subheading 9031.10 through 9031.80 from any other heading; or
A change to coordinate measuring machines of subheading 9031.49 from any other good except
from bases and frames for the goods of the same subheading; or
A change to subheading 9031.10 through 9031.80 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9031.90
A change to subheading 9031.90 from any other heading.
9032.10 – 9032.89
A change to subheading 9032.10 through 9032.89 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9032.10 through 9032.89 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
9032.90
A change to subheading 9032.90 from any other heading.
90.33
A change to heading 90.33 from any other heading.
Chapter 91
Clocks and Watches and Parts Thereof
9101.11
A change to subheading 9101.11 from any other chapter; or
Annex 4.1-99
A change to subheading 9101.11 from heading 91.14, whether or not there is also a change from
any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
9101.12
A change to subheading 9101.12 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9101.12 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
9101.19
A change to subheading 9101.19 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9101.19 from heading 91.14, whether or not there is also a change from
any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
9101.21
A change to subheading 9101.21 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9101.21 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
9101.29
A change to subheading 9101.29 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9101.29 from heading 91.14, whether or not there is also a change from
any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-100
(b) 45 percent under the build-down method.
9101.91
A change to subheading 9101.91 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9101.91 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
9101.99
A change to subheading 9101.99 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9101.99 from heading 91.14, whether or not there is also a change from
any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
91.02 – 91.07
A change to heading 91.02 through 91.07 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 91.02 through 91.07 from heading 91.14, whether or not there is also a
change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
91.08 – 91.10
A change to heading 91.08 through 91.10 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 91.08 through 91.10 from any other heading, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
9111.10 – 9111.80
A change to subheading 9111.10 through 9111.80 from any other chapter; or
Annex 4.1-101
A change to subheading 9111.10 through 9111.80 from subheading 9111.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9111.90
A change to subheading 9111.90 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9111.90 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
9112.20
A change to subheading 9112.20 from subheading 9112.90, whether or not there is also a change
from any other heading, provided that there is regional value content of not less than:
9112.90
A change to subheading 9112.90 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9112.90 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
91.13
A change to heading 91.13 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 91.13 from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value
content of not less than:
Annex 4.1-102
91.14
A change to heading 91.14 from any other heading.
Chapter 92
Musical Instruments; Parts and Accessories of Such Articles
92.01 – 92.08
A change to heading 92.01 through 92.08 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 92.01 through 92.08 from any other heading, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
92.09
A change to heading 92.09 from any other heading.
Section XIX
Arms and Ammunition; Parts and Accessories Thereof (Chapter 93)
Chapter 93
Arms and Ammunition; Parts and Accessories Thereof
93.01 – 93.04
A change to heading 93.01 through 93.04 from any other chapter; or
A change to heading 93.01 through 93.04 from any other heading, provided that there is a
regional value content of not less than:
93.05
A change to heading 93.05 from any other heading.
93.06 – 93.07
A change to heading 93.06 through 93.07 from any other chapter.
Section XX
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (Chapter 94-96)
Annex 4.1-103
Chapter 94
Furniture; Bedding, Mattresses, Mattress Supports, Cushions and Similar Stuffed
Furnishings; Lamps and Lighting Fittings, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included;
Illuminated Signs, Illuminated Name-Plates and the Like; Prefabricated Buildings
94.01
A change to heading 94.01 from any other heading.
9402.10 – 9402.90
A change to subheading 9402.10 through 9402.90 from any other subheading, provided that
there is a regional value content of not less than:
94.03
A change to heading 94.03 from any other heading.
9404.10 – 9404.30
A change to subheading 9404.10 through 9404.30 from any other chapter.
9404.90
Note to subheading 9404.90:
A textile good of subheading 9404.90 shall be considered originating if it is cut or knit to shape,
or both, and sewn or otherwise assembled in the territory of one or both of the Parties, and if the
component that determines the tariff classification of the good is wholly of:
(a) one or more fabrics listed in Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics, Yarns, and Fibers Not
Available in Commercial Quantities);
(b) one or more fabrics or knit to shape components formed in the territory of one or
both of the Parties from one or more of the yarns listed in Annex 3.25 (List of
Fabrics, Yarns, and Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities); or
(c) any combination of the fabrics referred to in subparagraph (a), the fabrics or knit
to shape components referred to in subparagraph (b), or one or more fabrics or
knit to shape components originating under this Annex.
The originating fabrics or knit to shape components referred to in subparagraph (c) may contain
up to ten percent by weight of fibers or yarns that do not undergo an applicable change in tariff
classification set out in this Annex. Any elastomeric yarn contained in an originating fabric or
knit to shape component referred to in subparagraph (c) must be wholly formed and finished in
the territory of one or both of the Parties.
Annex 4.1-104
A change to subheading 9404.90 from any other chapter, except from heading 50.07, 51.11
through 51.13, 52.08 through 52.12, 53.09 through 53.11, 54.07 through 54.08, 55.12 through
55.16, or subheading 6307.90.
9405.10 – 9405.60
A change to subheading 9405.10 through 9405.60 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9405.10 through 9405.60 from subheading 9405.91 through 9405.99,
whether or not there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
9405.91 – 9405.99
A change to subheading 9405.91 through 9405.99 from any other heading.
94.06
A change to heading 94.06 from any other chapter.
Chapter 95
Toys, Games and Sport Requisites; Parts and Accessories Thereof
95.01
A change to heading 95.01 from any other chapter.
95.02
A change to heading 95.02 from any other heading.
95.03 – 95.08
A change to heading 95.03 through 95.08 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9506.31 from subheading 9506.39, whether or not there is also a change
from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of not less than:
Chapter 96
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles
96.01 – 96.05
A change to heading 96.01 through 96.05 from any other chapter.
Annex 4.1-105
9606.10
A change to subheading 9606.10 from any other heading; or
No change in tariff classification is required, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9606.21 – 9606.29
A change to subheading 9606.21 through 9606.29 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9606.21 through 9606.29 from subheading 9606.30, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9606.30
A change to subheading 9606.30 from any other heading.
9607.11 – 9607.19
A change to subheading 9607.11 through 9607.19 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9607.11 through 9607.19 from subheading 9607.20, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9607.20
A change to subheading 9607.20 from any other heading.
9608.10 – 9608.20
A change to subheading 9608.10 through 9608.20 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9608.10 through 9608.20 from subheading 9608.60 through 9608.99,
whether or not there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than 30 percent under the build-down method.
9608.31 – 9608.50
Annex 4.1-106
A change to subheading 9608.31 through 9608.50 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9608.31 through 9608.50 from subheading 9608.60 through 9608.99,
whether or not there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional
value content of not less than:
9608.60
A change to subheading 9608.60 from any other heading.
9608.91
A change to subheading 9608.91 from any other subheading.
9608.99
A change to subheading 9608.99 from any other heading.
9609.10 – 9609.90
A change to subheading 9609.10 through 9609.90 from any other heading; or
A change to subheading 9609.10 through 9609.90 from subheading 9609.20, whether or not
there is also a change from any other heading, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
96.10 – 96.11
A change to heading 96.10 through 96.11 from any other heading.
9612.10
A change to subheading 9612.10 from any other chapter.
9612.20
A change to subheading 9612.20 from any other heading.
9613.10 – 9613.80
A change to subheading 9613.10 through 9613.80 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9613.10 through 9613.80 from subheading 9613.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
Annex 4.1-107
(a) 35 percent under the build-up method, or
9613.90
A change to subheading 9613.90 from any other heading.
9614.20
A change to subheading 9614.20 from any other subheading, except from subheading 9614.90.
9614.90
A change to subheading 9614.90 from any other heading.
9615.11 – 9615.19
A change to subheading 9615.11 through 9615.19 from any other chapter; or
A change to subheading 9615.11 through 9615.19 from subheading 9615.90, whether or not
there is also a change from any other chapter, provided that there is a regional value content of
not less than:
9615.90
A change to subheading 9615.90 from any other heading.
96.16
A change to heading 96.16 from any other heading.
96.17
A change to heading 96.17 from any other chapter.
96.18
A change in heading 96.18 from any other heading.
Section XXI
Works of Art, Collectors Pieces and Antiques (Chapter 97)
Chapter 97
Works of Art, Collectors Pieces and Antiques
9701.10 – 9701.90
A change to subheading 9701.10 through 9701.90 from any other subheading.
97.02 – 97.06
Annex 4.1-108
A change to heading 97.02 through 97.06 from any other heading.
Annex 4.1-109
Appendix 4.1-A
Annex 4.1-110
TARIFF UNITED PANAMA DESCRIPTION
ITEM STATES
5402.52.aa 5402.52.10 5402.52.00 Wholly of polyester, measuring not less
than 75 decitex but not more than 80
decitex, and having 24 filaments per
yarn.
5407.61.aa 5407.61.11 5407.61.00 Wholly of polyester, of single yarns
measuring not less than 75 decitex but
not more than 80 decitex, and having 24
filaments per yarn and with a twist of 900
or more turns per meter.
5407.61.bb 5407.61.21 5407.61.00 Wholly of polyester, of single yarns
measuring not less than 75 decitex but
not more than 80 decitex, and having 24
filaments per yarn and with a twist of 900
or more turns per meter.
5407.61.cc 5407.61.91 5407.61.00 Wholly of polyester, of single yarns
measuring not less than 75 decitex but
not more than 80 decitex, and having 24
filaments per yarn and with a twist of 900
or more turns per meter.
5408.22.aa 5408.22.10 5408.22.00 Of cuprammonium rayon.
5408.23.aa 5408.23.11 5408.23.00 Of cuprammonium rayon.
5408.23.bb 5408.23.21 5408.23.00 Of cuprammonium rayon.
5408.24.aa 5408.24.10 5408.24.00 Of cuprammonium rayon.
5512.99.aa 5512.99.0005 5512.99.00 Of yarns of different colors, except blue
denim or jacquard weave.
5515.13.aa 5515.13.10 5515.13.00 Other than containing 36 percent or more
by weight of wool or fine animal hair.
5515.19.aa 5515.19.0090 5515.19.00 Other than of yarns of different
colors, except blue denim or
jacquard weave, poplin or
broadcloth, sheeting, printcloth,
cheesecloth; lawns, voiles or
batistes, duck, satin weave or twill
weave, Oxford cloth.
5903.90.aa 5903.90.15 5903.90.90 Of man-made fibers, fabrics
specified in note 9 to section XI,
over 60 percent by weight of
plastics.
5903.90.bb 5903.90.25 5903.90.90 Of man-made fibers, fabrics
specified in note 9 to section XI, 70
percent by weight of rubber or
plastics.
6001.92.aa 6001.92.0030 6001.92.10, Velour, not over 271 grams per
6001.92.90 square meter.
Annex 4.1-111
TARIFF UNITED PANAMA DESCRIPTION
ITEM STATES
6006.21.aa 6006.21.10 6006.21.00 Circular knit, wholly of cotton yarns
exceeding 100 metric number per
single yarn.
6006.22.aa 6006.22.10 6006.22.00 Circular knit, wholly of cotton yarns
exceeding 100 metric number per
single yarn.
6006.23.aa 6006.23.10 6006.23.00 Circular knit, wholly of cotton yarns
exceeding 100 metric number per
single yarn.
6006.24.aa 6006.24.10 6006.24.00 Circular knit, wholly of cotton yarns
exceeding 100 metric number per
single yarn.
6006.90.aa 6006.90.10 6006.90.00 Other than of synthetic or artificial
fibers; containing 85 percent or
more by weight of silk or silk waste.
6103.19.aa 6103.19.60 6103.19.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6103.19.bb 6103.19.90 6103.19.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6103.39.aa 6103.39.40 6103.39.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6103.39.bb 6103.39.80 6103.39.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6104.19.aa 6104.19.40 6104.19.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6104.19.bb 6104.19.80 6104.19.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6104.39.aa 6104.39.20 6104.39.00 Other than wool or fine animal hair,
cotton or man-made fibers.
6104.59.aa 6104.59.40 6104.59.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6104.59.bb 6104.59.80 6104.59.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6203.19.aa 6203.19.50 6203.19.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
Annex 4.1-112
TARIFF UNITED PANAMA DESCRIPTION
ITEM STATES
6203.19.bb 6203.19.90 6203.19.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6203.39.aa 6203.39.50 6203.39.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6203.39.bb 6203.39.90 6203.39.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6203.42.aa 6203.42.40 6203.42.00 Bib and brace overalls of cotton.
6204.19.aa 6204.19.40 6204.19.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6204.19.bb 6204.19.80 6204.19.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6204.33.aa 6204.33.40 6204.33.00 Containing 36 percent or more by
weight of wool or fine animal hair.
6204.39.aa 6204.39.20 6204.39.00 Containing 36 percent or more by
weight of wool or fine animal hair.
6204.39.bb 6204.39.60 6204.39.00 Containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste.
6204.39.cc 6204.39.80 6204.39.00 Other (not of wool or fine animal
hair, cotton, or man-made fiber; not
containing 70 percent or more by
weight of silk or silk waste).
6204.39.dd 6204.39.8020 6204.39.00 Other than of artificial fibers; other
than 36 percent or more by weight
of wool or fine animal hair; other
than containing 70 percent or more
by weight of silk or silk waste;
subject to wool restraints.
6204.42.aa 6204.42.3040 6204.42.00 Girls’; of cotton; other than
containing 36 percent or more by
weight of flax fibers; other than
corduroy; with two or more colors in
the warp and/or the filling.
6204.42.bb 6204.42.3060 6204.42.00 Girls’; of cotton; other than
containing 36 percent or more by
weight of flax fibers; other than
corduroy; other than with two or
more colors in the warp and/or the
filling.
Annex 4.1-113
TARIFF UNITED PANAMA DESCRIPTION
ITEM STATES
6204.43.aa 6204.43.4020 6204.43.00 Girls’; other than of 30 percent or
more by weight silk or silk waste;
other than 36 percent or more by
weight of wool or fine animal hair,
with two or more colors in the warp
and/or filling.
6204.43.bb 6204.43.4040 6204.43.00 Girls’; other than of 30 percent or
more by weight silk or silk waste;
other than 36 percent or more by
weight of wool or fine animal hair;
other than with two or more colors
in the warp and/or filling.
6204.44.aa 6204.44.4020 6204.44.00 Girls’; other than 36 percent or more
by weight of wool or fine animal
hair.
6204.52.aa 6204.52.20 6204.52.00 Other than certified hand-loomed
and folklore products
6204.59.aa 6204.59.40 6204.59.00 Other than wool or fine animal hair,
cotton or man-made fibers.
6204.62.aa 6204.62.40 6204.62.00 Other than containing 15 percent or
more by weight of down; other than
bib and brace overalls; other than
certified hand-loomed and folklore
products.
6207.19.aa 6207.19.9010 6207.19.00 Other than containing 70 percent or
more by weight of silk, of man-
made fibers.
6208.91.aa 6208.91.30 6208.91.00 Other than bathrobes, dressing
gowns and similar articles.
6208.92.aa 6208.92.0030 6208.92.00 Other than bathrobes, dressing
gowns and similar articles.
6208.92.bb 6208.92.0040 6208.92.00 Girls’ boxer shorts.
6303.92.aa 6303.92.10 6303.92.00 Made up from fabrics described in
tariff item 5407.61.aa, 5407.61.bb,
or 5407.61.cc.
Note: The descriptions in this table are in summary form and are for reference purposes only.
In case of any inconsistency between this Appendix and Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics, Yarns, and
Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities), the descriptions in Annex 3.25 (List of Fabrics,
Yarns, and Fibers Not Available in Commercial Quantities) shall prevail.
Annex 4.1-114
Appendix 4.1-B
Annex 4.1-115
TARIFF UNITED PANAMA DESCRIPTION
ITEM STATES
6402.91.97
6402.99.aa 6402.99.20 6402.99.94 Footwear with outer soles & uppers of rubber or
6402.99.95 plastics, nesoi, not covering ankle, nesoi,
6402.99.96 designed as protection against liquids, chemicals,
6402.99.97 or cold or inclement weather.
6402.99.bb 6402.99.80 6402.99.10 Footwear with outer soles & uppers of rubber or
6402.99.92 plastics, nesoi, not covering ankle, nesoi, valued
6402.99.94 over US$6.50 but not over US$12/pair.
6402.99.96
6402.99.cc 6402.99.90 6402.99.10 Footwear with outer soles & uppers of rubber or
6402.99.92 plastics, nesoi, not covering ankle, nesoi, valued
6402.99.94 over US$12/pair.
6402.99.95
6402.99.96
6402.99.97
6404.11.aa 6404.11.90 6404.11.10 Sports & athletic footwear w/outer soles of
6404.11.20 rubber/plastics & uppers of textile, valued over
US$12/pair.
6404.19.aa 6404.19.20 6404.19.92 Footwear with outer soles of rubber or plastics &
6404.19.93 uppers of textile for protection against water, oil,
6404.19.94 grease or chemicals, or cold or inclement
6404.19.95 weather.
6404.19.96
6404.19.97
Annex 4.1-116
Annex I
Explanatory Notes
1. The Schedule of a Party to this Annex sets out, pursuant to Articles 10.13 (Non-
Conforming Measures) and 11.6 (Non-Conforming Measures), a Party’s existing measures that
are not subject to some or all of the obligations imposed by:
(a) Sector refers to the sector for which the entry is made;
(d) Measures identifies the laws, regulations, or other measures for which the entry is
made. A measure cited in the Measures element:
(e) Description sets out commitments, if any, for liberalization on the date of entry
into force of the Agreement, and the remaining non-conforming aspects of the
measures for which the entry is made.
I-1
3. In the interpretation of a Schedule entry, all elements of the entry shall be considered. An
entry shall be interpreted in light of the relevant articles of the Chapters against which the entry
is made. To the extent that:
(b) the Measures element is not so qualified, the Measures element shall prevail
over all other elements, unless any discrepancy between the Measures element
and the other elements considered in their totality is so substantial and material
that it would be unreasonable to conclude that the Measures element should
prevail, in which case the other elements shall prevail to the extent of that
discrepancy.
5. Where a Party maintains a measure that requires that a service provider be a citizen,
permanent resident, or resident of its territory as a condition to the provision of a service in its
territory, a Schedule entry for that measure taken with respect to Article 11.2 (National
Treatment), 11.3 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), or 11.5 (Local Presence) shall operate as a
Schedule entry with respect to Article 10.3 (National Treatment), 10.4 (Most-Favored-Nation
Treatment), or 10.9 (Performance Requirements) to the extent of that measure.
I-2
Annex I
Schedule of Panama
Description: Investment
I-PA-1
(a) the products sold by the juridical person in retail
commerce are exclusively products that are
produced at its direction and bear its label; or
I-PA-2
Sector: Real Property
Description: Investment
I-PA-3
Sector: Public Utilities
Description: Investment
I-PA-4
Sector: Supply of Potable Water
Description: Investment
For greater certainty, this entry does not apply to the supply of
bottled water.
I-PA-5
Sector: All Sectors
I-PA-6
Sector: Travel Agencies
I-PA-7
Sector: Transmission of Radio and Television Programs
Articles 152 and 161 of Executive Decree No. 189 of August 13,
1999
I-PA-8
Sector: Telecommunication Services
Description: Investment
I-PA-9
Sector: Education
I-PA-10
Sector: Electric Power
I-PA-11
Sector: Crude Petroleum, Hydrocarbons, and Natural Gas
Measures: Articles 21, 25, 26, and 71 of Law No. 8 of June 16, 1987
I-PA-12
Sector: Operation of Mines
Measures: Articles 4, 5, 130, 131, 132, and 135 of Decree Law No. 23 of
August 22, 1963
Description: Investment
I-PA-13
Sector: Exploration and Exploitation of Non-Metallic Minerals Used As
Construction, Ceramic, Refractory, and Metallurgical Materials
Description: Investment
I-PA-14
Sector: Fishing
Measures: Article 286 of Law No. 8 (the Fiscal Code of the Republic of
Panama), of January 27, 1956
Description: Investment
I-PA-15
within the jurisdictional waters of Panama may obtain a tuna
fishing license for a preferential fee.
I-PA-16
Sector: Activities Related To Fishing
Measures: Articles 1 and 4 of the Executive Decree No. 12 of April 17, 1991
I-PA-17
Sector: Private Security Agencies
I-PA-18
Sector: Transport Services - Passenger and Freight Road Transport
Services
1
For purposes of this entry, “work zone” means an area or sector of a territory defined for the purpose of regulating
public passenger transport services and corresponding rates.
I-PA-19
Sector: Maritime Transport - Pilotage
I-PA-20
Sector: Maritime Transport
I-PA-21
Sector: Air Transport
Description: Investment
I-PA-22
Sector: Specialty Air and Aircraft Repair and Maintenance Services
I-PA-23
Sector: Publishing
Description: Investment
I-PA-24
Sector: Professional Services - Lawyers
Panama agrees that nationals of the United States who are licensed
to practice law in the United States may engage in cross-border
supply of services described in the preceding paragraph, subject to
the restriction set out in that paragraph, and may establish such
services, subject to such restriction.
I-PA-25
Sector: Professional Services - Accountants
I-PA-27
Sector: Professional Services - Architects and Engineers
I-PA-29
Article 3 of Decision No. 19 of November 12, 1991
Article 2 of Decision No. 7 of December 15, 1992
Article 2 of Decision No. 50 of September 14, 1993
Article 2 of Decision No. 1 of January 21, 1994
Article 2 of Decision No. 2 of January 25, 1994
Article 2 of Decision No. 4 of June 10, 1996
Article 3 of Decision No. 5 of June 10, 1996
Article 3 of Decision No. 1 of May 25, 1998
Article 3 of Decision No. 2 of May 25, 1998
Article 35 of Law No. 24 of January 29, 1963
Articles 11 and 20 of Law No. 45 of August 7, 2001
Article 5 of Law No. 4 of January 23, 1956
Articles 4 and 5 of Law No. 15 of January 22 of 2003
Article 5 of Resolution No. 3 of August 26, 2004
I-PA-30
with the Authority and to practice the profession in Panama, on a
temporary basis, based on the license issued in a jurisdiction in the
United States, in the following cases:
I-PA-31
Sector: Telecommunication Services
I-PA-32
Sector: Telecommunication services
I-PA-33
Sector: Hotel and Restaurant Services
I-PA-34
Sector: Games of Luck and Chance
I-PA-35
Sector: Ports and Airports
I-PA-36
Annex I
Description: Investment
I-US-1
Sector: Business Services
Title III of the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 authorizes the
Secretary of Commerce to issue “certificates of review” with
respect to export conduct. The Act provides for the issuance of a
certificate of review where the Secretary determines, and the
Attorney General concurs, that the export conduct specified in an
application will not have the anticompetitive effects proscribed by
the Act. A certificate of review limits the liability under federal
and state antitrust laws in engaging in the export conduct certified.
I-US-2
Sector: Business Services
I-US-3
Sector: Mining
10 U.S.C. § 7435
Description: Investment
Under the Mineral Lands Leasing Act of 1920, aliens and foreign
corporations may not acquire rights-of-way for oil or gas pipelines,
or pipelines carrying products refined from oil and gas, across on-
shore federal lands or acquire leases or interests in certain minerals
on on-shore federal lands, such as coal or oil. Non-U.S. citizens
may own a 100 percent interest in a domestic corporation that
acquires a right-of-way for oil or gas pipelines across on-shore
federal lands, or that acquires a lease to develop mineral resources
on on-shore federal lands, unless the foreign investor’s home
country denies similar or like privileges for the mineral or access
in question to U.S. citizens or corporations, as compared with the
privileges it accords to its own citizens or corporations or to the
citizens or corporations of other countries (30 U.S.C. §§ 181,
185(a)).
I-US-4
Sector: All Sectors
Description: Investment
I-US-5
Sector: Air Transportation
Description: Investment
Only air carriers that are “citizens of the United States” may
operate aircraft in domestic air service (cabotage) and may provide
international scheduled and non-scheduled air service as U.S. air
carriers.
I-US-6
Sector: Air Transportation
49 U.S.C. § 41703
Investment
I-US-7
*A person of Panama will be able to obtain such an authorization
given Panama’s acceptance of the U.S. definition of specialty air
services in Chapter Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services).
I-US-8
Sector: Transportation Services - Customs Brokers
I-US-9
Sector: All Sectors
Measures: Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. §§ 77C(b), 77f, 77g, 77h, 77j,
and 77s(a)
17 C.F.R. § 240.12b-2
Description: Investment
Foreign firms, except for certain Canadian issuers, may not use the
small business registration forms under the Securities Act of 1933
to register public offerings of securities or the small business
registration forms under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to
register a class of securities or file annual reports.
I-US-10
Sector: Communications - Radiocommunications
Description: Investment
I-US-11
Sector: Professional Services - Patent Attorneys, Patent Agents, and Other
Practice before the Patent and Trademark Office
I-US-12
Sector: All Sectors
I-US-13
Annex II
Explanatory Notes
1. The Schedule of a Party to this Annex sets out, pursuant to Articles 10.13 (Non-
Conforming Measures) and 11.6 (Non-Conforming Measures), the specific sectors, subsectors,
or activities for which that Party may maintain existing, or adopt new or more restrictive,
measures that do not conform with obligations imposed by:
(a) Sector refers to the sector for which the entry is made;
(c) Description sets out the scope of the sectors, subsectors, or activities covered by
the entry; and
(d) Existing Measures identifies, for transparency purposes, existing measures that
apply to the sectors, subsectors, or activities covered by the entry.
Annex II-1
Annex II
Schedule of Panama
II-PA-1
Sector: Native Populations and Minorities
II-PA-2
Sector: Activities Related to the Panama Canal
The Panama Canal includes the aquatic route proper, as well as its
anchorages, dock berths, and entrances; lands and marine,
lacustrine, and fluvial waters; locks; auxiliary dams; docks; and
water control structures.
II-PA-3
Sector: All Sectors
Description: Investment
II-PA-4
Sector: Construction Services
II-PA-5
Sector: Fisheries and Services Incidental to Fishing
II-PA-6
Sector: All sectors
II-PA-7
Sector: Public Supply of Potable Water
II-PA-8
Annex II
Sector: Communications
II-US-1
Sector: Communications - Cable Television
Description: Investment
II-US-2
Sector: Social Services
II-US-3
Sector: Minority Affairs
Existing Measures: Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 43 U.S.C. §§ 1601 et seq.
II-US-4
Sector: Transportation
II-US-5
(h) all matters under the jurisdiction of the Federal Maritime
Commission;
Existing Measures: Merchant Marine Act of 1920, §§ 19 and 27, now codified
at 46 U.S.C. §§ 12101, 12120, 12132, 42101-42109, 55102,
55105-55108, 55110, 55115-55117, and 55119
Jones Act Waiver Statute, 64 Stat 1120, 46 U.S.C. App.,
note preceding Section 1
Shipping Act of 1916, 46 U.S.C. §§ 50501, 56101, and
57109
II-US-6
Merchant Marine Act of 1936, 46 U.S.C. App. §§ 1151 et
seq., 1171 et seq., and 46 U.S.C. §§ 50111, 53301-53312,
53701-53717, 53721-53725, 53731-53735, 55304, 55305,
57101, 57104, and 57301-57308
Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946, 50 U.S.C. App. § 1738
46 U.S.C. §§ 55109, 55111, 55118, 60301, 60302, 60304-
60306, 60312, and 80104
46 U.S.C. §§ 12101 et seq. and 31301 et seq.
46 U.S.C. §§ 8904 and 31328(2)
Passenger Vessel Act, 46 U.S.C. 55103
42 U.S.C. §§ 9601 et seq.; 33 U.S.C. §§ 2701 et seq.; 33
U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq.
46 U.S.C. §§ 3301 et seq., 3701 et seq., 8103, and 12107(b)
Shipping Act of 1984, 46 U.S.C. §§ 40701-40706, 41107-
41109
The Foreign Shipping Practices Act of 1988, 46 U.S.C.
42301 et seq.
Merchant Marine Act, 1920, 46 U.S.C. §§ 50101 et seq.
Shipping Act of 1984, 46 U.S.C. §§ 40101 et seq.
Alaska North Slope, 104 Pub. L. 58; 109 Stat. 557
Longshore restrictions and reciprocity, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101 et
seq.
Vessel escort provisions, Section 1119 of Pub. L. 106-554,
as amended
Nicholson Act, 46 U.S.C. § 55114
Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Anti-Reflagging Act of
1987, 46 U.S.C. § 2101 and 46 U.S.C. § 12108
43 U.S.C. § 1841
22 U.S.C. § 1980
Intercoastal Shipping Act, 46 U.S.C. App. § 843
46 U.S.C. § 9302, 46 U.S.C. § 8502; Agreement Governing
the Operation of Pilotage on the Great Lakes, Exchange of
Notes at Ottawa, August 23, 1978, and March 29, 1979,
TIAS 9445
Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act, 16
U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq.
19 U.S.C. § 1466
North Pacific Anadramous Stocks Convention Act of 1972,
P.L. 102-587; Oceans Act of 1992, Title VII
Tuna Convention Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 951 et seq.
South Pacific Tuna Act of 1988, 16 U.S.C. §§ 973 et seq.
Northern Pacific Halibut Act of 1982, 16 U.S.C. §§ 773 et
seq.
Atlantic Tunas Convention Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 971 et seq.
II-US-7
Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention Act of
1984, 16 U.S.C. §§ 2431 et seq.
Pacific Salmon Treaty Act of 1985, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3631 et
seq.
American Fisheries Act, 46 U.S.C. § 12102(c) and 46
U.S.C. § 31322(a)
II-US-8
Sector: All
II-US-9
Sector: All
(a) aviation;
(b) fisheries; or
II-US-10
Annex III
Schedule of Panama
Explanatory Notes
1. The Schedule of Panama to Annex III sets out, pursuant to Article 12.9 (Non-Conforming
Measures), a schedule of the existing measures of Panama that do not conform to some or all of
the obligations imposed by:
2. Each entry in the schedule of non-conforming measures described in paragraph 1 sets out
the following elements:
(a) Sector refers to the general sector for which the entry is made;
(b) Subsector refers to the specific sector for which the entry is made;
(d) Level of Government indicates the level of government maintaining the listed
measure(s);
(e) Measures identifies the laws, regulations, or other measures for which the entry is
made. A measure cited in the Measures element:
III-PA-1
3. In the interpretation of an entry in the schedule described in paragraph 1, all elements of
the non-conforming measures listing shall be considered. A non-conforming measure shall be
interpreted in the light of the relevant provisions of Chapter Twelve (Financial Services) with
respect to which the non-conforming measure is taken. To the extent that:
(b) the Measures element is not so qualified, the Measures element shall prevail
over all other elements, unless any discrepancy between the Measures element
and the other elements considered in their totality is so substantial and material
that it would be unreasonable to conclude that the Measures element should
prevail, in which case the other elements shall prevail to the extent of the
discrepancy.
4. Where Panama maintains a measure that requires that a service supplier be a citizen,
permanent resident, or resident of its territory as a condition to the provision of a service in its
territory, a listing for that measure taken in Annex III with respect to Article 12.2 (National
Treatment), 12.3 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), 12.4 (Market Access for Financial
Institutions), or 12.5 (Cross-Border Trade) shall operate as a non-conforming measure with
respect to Articles 10.3 (National Treatment), 10.4 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), and 10.9
(Performance Requirements) to the extent of that measure.
III-PA-2
Sector: Financial Services
III-PA-3
Sector: Financial Services
Articles 26, 90, 105, and 108 of Law No. 59 of July 29, 1996
III-PA-4
The legal representative of such an enterprise must be a
Panamanian national licensed as an insurance broker in Panama.
III-PA-5
Sector: Financial Services
III-PA-6
Sector: Financial Services
III-PA-7
Annex III
Explanatory Notes
(a) headnotes that limit or clarify the commitments of the United States with respect
to the obligations described in subparagraph (b)(i) through (v) and subparagraph
(c);
(c) in Section B, pursuant to Article 12.9, the specific sectors, subsectors, or activities
for which the United States may maintain existing, or adopt new or more
restrictive, measures that do not conform with the obligations imposed by Article
12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, or 12.8.
(a) Sector refers to the general sector for which the entry is made;
(b) Subsector refers to the specific sector for which the entry is made;
(d) Level of Government indicates the level of government maintaining the listed
measure(s);
III-US-1
(e) Measures identifies the laws, regulations, or other measures for which the entry is
made. A measure cited in the Measures element:
(f) Description
(i) for entries related to banking and other non-insurance financial services,
sets out the non-conforming aspects of the entry and the subsector,
financial institution, or activities covered by the entry; and
(a) Sector refers to the general sector for which the entry is made;
(b) Subsector refers to the specific sector for which the entry is made;
(d) Level of Government indicates the level of government maintaining the listed
measure(s); and
(e) Description sets out the scope of the sectors, subsectors, or activities covered by
the entry.
6. Where the United States maintains a measure that requires that a service supplier be a
citizen, permanent resident, or resident of its territory as a condition to the provision of a service
III-US-2
in its territory, a listing for that measure taken in Annex III with respect to Article 12.2 (National
Treatment), 12.3 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), 12.4 (Market Access for Financial
Institutions), or 12.5 (Cross-Border Trade) shall operate as a non-conforming measure with
respect to Articles 10.3 (National Treatment), 10.4 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), and 10.9
(Performance Requirements) to the extent of that measure.
III-US-3
Headnotes
1. Commitments in these subsectors under the Agreement are undertaken subject to the
limitations and conditions set out in these headnotes and in Sections A and B below.
(a) National treatment with respect to banking will be provided based upon the
foreign bank’s “home state” in the United States, as that term is defined under the
International Banking Act, where that Act is applicable. A domestic bank
subsidiary of a foreign firm will have its own “home state,” and national treatment
will be provided based upon the subsidiary’s home state, as determined under
applicable law. 1
(b) National treatment with respect to insurance financial institutions will be provided
according to a non-U.S. insurance financial institution’s state of domicile, where
applicable, in the United States. State of domicile is defined by individual states,
and is generally the state in which an insurer is incorporated, is organized, or
maintains its principal office in the United States.
3. To clarify the U.S. commitment with respect to Article 12.4 (Market Access for Financial
Institutions), juridical persons supplying banking or other financial services (excluding
insurance) and constituted under the laws of the United States are subject to non-discriminatory
limitations on juridical form. 2
4. The United States limits its commitments under Article 12.9.1(c) (Non-Conforming
Measures) with respect to Article 12.4 (Market Access for Financial Institutions) in the following
manner: with regard to banking and other financial services (excluding insurance), Article
12.9.1(c) shall apply only to non-conforming measures relating to Article 12.4(a) and not to
those non-conforming measures relating to Article 12.4(b).
1
Foreign banking organizations are generally subject to geographic and other limitations in the United States on a
national treatment basis. Where such limitations do not conform to national treatment, they have been listed as non-
conforming measures. For purposes of illustration, under this approach, the following situation does not accord
national treatment and would therefore be listed as a non-conforming measure: a foreign bank from a particular
home state is accorded less favorable treatment than that accorded to a domestic bank from that state with respect to
expansion by branching.
2
For example, partnerships and sole proprietorships are generally not acceptable juridical forms for depository
financial institutions in the United States. This headnote is not itself intended to affect, or otherwise limit, a choice
by a financial institution of the other Party between branches or subsidiaries.
III-US-4
Section A
Measures: 12 U.S.C. § 72
Description: All directors of a national bank must be U.S. citizens, except that
the Comptroller of the Currency may waive the citizenship
requirement for not more than a minority of the total number of
directors.
III-US-5
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-6
Sector: Financial Services
Description: Federal and state laws do not permit a credit union, savings bank,
or savings association (both of the latter two entities may be also
called thrift institutions) in the United States to be established
through branches of corporations organized under a foreign
country’s law.
III-US-7
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-8
Sector: Financial Services
1
For greater certainty, “domestic banks” include U.S. bank subsidiaries of foreign banks.
III-US-9
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-10
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-11
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-12
Sector: Financial Services
Note: The cited federal measures provide that certain state law
restrictions shall apply to the establishment of federal branches or
agencies.
III-US-13
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-14
Sector: Financial Services
III-US-15
Sector: Financial Services
Description: A broker-dealer registered under U.S. law that has its principal
place of business in Canada may maintain its required reserves in a
bank in Canada subject to the supervision of Canada.
III-US-16
Sector: Financial Services
Description: The United States may grant advantages, including but not limited
to the following, to one or more of the Government-Sponsored
Enterprises (GSEs) listed above:
III-US-17
Sector: Financial Services
Description:
III-US-18
Sector: Financial Services
Subsector: Insurance
III-US-19
Sector: Financial Services
Subsector Insurance
III-US-20
Sector: Financial Services
Subsector: Insurance
Description:
III-US-21
Section B
Subsector: Insurance
Description: The United States reserves the right to adopt or maintain any
measure that is not inconsistent with the United States’ obligations
under Article XVI of the GATS.
III-US-22
GENERAL NOTES
SCHEDULE OF THE UNITED STATES TO ANNEX 3.3
1. Relation to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). The
provisions of this Schedule are generally expressed in terms of the HTSUS, and the
interpretation of the provisions of this Schedule, including the product coverage of tariff items of
this Schedule, shall be governed by the General Notes, Section Notes, and Chapter Notes of the
HTSUS. To the extent that provisions of this Schedule are identical to the corresponding
provisions of the HTSUS, the provisions of this Schedule shall have the same meaning as the
corresponding provisions of the HTSUS.
2. Base Rates of Customs Duty. The base rates of customs duty set forth in this Schedule
reflect the HTSUS Column 1 General rates of duty in effect on January 1, 2004.
3. Staging. In addition to the staging categories listed in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1, this
Schedule contains staging categories J, K, and L:
(a) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category J shall
be removed in the following manner: the base rate of duty shall reflect the
HTSUS Column 1 Special Rates of Duty designated under the Caribbean Basin
Trade Partnership Act (“R”), in effect January 1, 2007. Duties shall be reduced
by three percent of the base rate on the date this Agreement enters into force, and
by an additional three percent of the base rate on January 1 of year two. Duties
shall be reduced by an additional five percent of the base rate on January 1 of year
three, and by an additional five percent of the base rate on January 1 of each year
thereafter through year six. Duties shall be reduced by an additional 18 percent of
the base rate on January 1 of year seven, and by an additional 18 percent of the
base rate on January 1 of year eight. Duties shall be reduced by an additional 19
percent of the base rate on January 1 of year nine, and such goods shall be duty-
free, effective January 1 of year ten.
(b) For goods provided for in the items in staging category K, at the time of
importation the duty imposed upon the assembled article to be applied in
accordance with the procedures specified in U.S. note 4 of subchapter II, chapter
98, of the HTSUS, shall be the rate applicable to the full value of the article itself
under the staging obligations set forth for the appropriate provision in Chapters 1
through 97 of this Schedule, until January 1 of year ten, at which time such goods
shall be duty-free.
(c) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category L shall
be eliminated entirely and such goods shall be duty-free on the date this
Agreement enters into force. For goods in tariff items 98120020, 98120040,
98130005, 98130010, 98130015, 98130020, 98130025, 98130030, 98130035,
98130040, 98130045, 98130050, 98130055, 98130060, 98130070, 98130075, and
98140050 duty-free means free without bond.
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-1
4. The United States shall treat Panama as a “beneficiary country” for purposes of Section
423 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, as amended (19 U.S.C. § 2703 note; Pub. L. 99-514, as
amended by Pub. L. 100-418 and Pub. L. 101-221), and any successor provisions.
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-2
Appendix I
Notes
Select Cheeses
2. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for Panama in each such year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 525
2 551
3 579
4 608
5 638
6 670
7 704
8 739
9 776
10 814
11 855
12 898
13 943
14 990
15 1,039
16 1,091
17 unlimited
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-3
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category H in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(h).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Table 1 provisions:
AG04061018, AG04061028, AG04061038, AG04061048, AG04061058,
AG04061068, AG04061078, AG04062028, AG04062033, AG04062039,
AG04062048, AG04062053, AG04062063, AG04062067, AG04062071,
AG04062075, AG04062079, AG04062083, AG04062087, AG04063018,
AG04063028, AG04063038, AG04063048, AG04063053, AG04063063,
AG04063067, AG04063071, AG04063075, AG04063079, AG04063083,
AG04063087, AG04064070, AG04069012, AG04069018, AG04069032,
AG04069037, AG04069042, AG04069048, AG04069054, AG04069068,
AG04069074, AG04069078, AG04069084, AG04069088, AG04069092,
AG04069094, and AG19019036.
Other Cheeses
3. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for Panama in each such year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 318
2 337
3 357
4 379
5 401
6 426
7 451
8 478
9 507
10 537
11 569
12 604
13 640
14 678
15 unlimited
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-4
The quantities shall enter on a first-come, first-served basis.
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category G in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(g).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Table 1 provisions:
AG04061008, AG04061088, AG04062091, AG04063091, and AG04069097.
4. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for Panama in each such year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 2,120
2 2,247
3 2,382
4 2,525
5 2,676
6 2,837
7 3,007
8 3,188
9 3,379
10 3,582
11 3,797
12 4,024
13 4,266
14 4,522
15 4,793
16 5,081
17 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category H in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(h).
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-5
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Table 1 provisions:
AG04029170, AG04029190, AG04029945, and AG04029955.
Ice Cream
5. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for Panama in each such year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 1,590
2 1,685
3 1,787
4 1,894
5 2,007
6 2,128
7 2,255
8 2,391
9 2,534
10 2,686
11 2,847
12 3,018
13 3,199
14 3,391
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category G in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(g).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Table 1 provision:
AG21050020.
Sugar
6. (a) Subject to subparagraph (d), the aggregate quantity of goods entered under the
provisions listed in subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-6
specified herein, and shall not exceed the quantity specified below for Panama in
each such year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 505
2 510
3 515
4 520
5 525
6 530
7 535
8 540
9 545
10 550
11 555
12 560
13 565
14 570
15 575
After year 15, the in-quota quantity grows at 5 metric tons per year.
The quantities of goods under the following tariff items shall be entered on a raw-
value equivalent basis: AG17011150, AG17011250, AG17019130,
AG17019950, AG17029020, and AG21069046. Raw-value equivalents for sugar
goods are contained in Chapter 17, U.S. Additional Note 5(c) to the HTSUS.
The United States may administer the duty-free quantities established in this
subparagraph through regulations, including licenses.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Table 1 provisions:
AG17011150, AG17011250, AG17019130, AG17019148, AG17019158,
AG17019950, AG17022028, AG17023028, AG17024028, AG17026028,
AG17029020, AG17029058, AG17029068, AG17049068, AG17049078,
AG18061015, AG18061028, AG18061038, AG18061055, AG18061075,
AG18062073, AG18062077, AG18062094, AG18062098, AG18069039,
AG18069049, AG18069059, AG19012025, AG19012035, AG19012060,
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-7
AG19012070, AG19019054, AG19019058, AG21011238, AG21011248,
AG21011258, AG21012038, AG21012048, AG21012058, AG21039078,
AG21069046, AG21069072, AG21069076, AG21069080, AG21069091,
AG21069094, and AG21069097.
(d) In any year, duty-free tariff treatment under subparagraph (a) for Panama shall be
accorded to the lesser of (i) the aggregate quantity set out in subparagraph (a) for
Panama, or (ii) a quantity equal to the amount by which Panama’s exports to all
destinations exceeds its imports from all sources (“trade surplus”) for goods
classified under the following subheadings: HS1701.11, HS1701.12, HS1701.91,
HS1701.99, HS1702.40, and HS1702.60, except that Panama’s exports to the
United States of goods classified under subheadings HS1701.11, HS1701.12,
HS1701.91, and HS1701.99 and its imports of originating goods of the United
States classified under HS1702.40 and HS1702.60 shall not be included in the
calculation of its trade surplus. Panama’s trade surplus shall be calculated using
the most recent annual data available.
(e) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (g) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for Panama in each such year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 6,060
2 6,120
3 6,180
4 6,240
5 6,300
6 6,360
7 6,420
8 6,480
9 6,540
10 6,600
After year 10, the in-quota quantity shall remain at 6,600 metric tons. The
quantities of goods established in this subparagraph shall be entered on a raw-
value equivalent basis. Raw-value equivalents for sugar goods are contained in
Chapter 17, U.S. Additional Note 5(c) to the HTSUS.
The United States may administer the duty-free quantities established in this
subparagraph through regulations, including licenses.
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-8
(f) Goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed in
subparagraph (e) shall continue to receive most-favored-nation duty treatment.
(g) Subparagraphs (e) and (f) apply to the following Table 1 provision:
AG17011150.
(h) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (j) shall be free of duty in any calendar year, and shall not exceed
500 metric tons in any year. The United States may administer the duty-free
quantities established in this subparagraph through regulations, including
licenses.
(j) Subparagraphs (h) and (i) apply to specialty sugars as provided for in Additional
U.S. Note 5 to Chapter 17 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
and classified under any of the following Table 1 provisions: AG17011110,
AG17011210, AG17019110, AG17019910, AG17029010, and AG21069044.
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-9
Table 1
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-10
AG04069037 Provided for in tariff item 04069037
AG04069042 Provided for in tariff item 04069042
AG04069048 Provided for in tariff item 04069048
AG04069054 Provided for in tariff item 04069054
AG04069068 Provided for in tariff item 04069068
AG04069074 Provided for in tariff item 04069074
AG04069078 Provided for in tariff item 04069078
AG04069084 Provided for in tariff item 04069084
AG04069088 Provided for in tariff item 04069088
AG04069092 Provided for in tariff item 04069092
AG04069094 Provided for in tariff item 04069094
AG04069097 Provided for in tariff item 04069097
AG17011110 Provided for in tariff item 17011110
AG17011150 Provided for in tariff item 17011150
AG17011250 Provided for in tariff item 17011250
AG17011210 Provided for in tariff item 17011210
AG17019110 Provided for in tariff item 17019110
AG17019130 Provided for in tariff item 17019130
AG17019148 Provided for in tariff item 17019148
AG17019158 Provided for in tariff item 17019158
AG17019910 Provided for in tariff item 17019910
AG17019950 Provided for in tariff item 17019950
AG17022028 Provided for in tariff item 17022028
AG17023028 Provided for in tariff item 17023028
AG17024028 Provided for in tariff item 17024028
AG17026028 Provided for in tariff item 17026028
AG17029010 Provided for in tariff item 17029010
AG17029020 Provided for in tariff item 17029020
AG17029058 Provided for in tariff item 17029058
AG17029068 Provided for in tariff item 17029068
AG17049068 Provided for in tariff item 17049068
AG17049078 Provided for in tariff item 17049078
AG18061015 Provided for in tariff item 18061015
AG18061028 Provided for in tariff item 18061028
AG18061038 Provided for in tariff item 18061038
AG18061055 Provided for in tariff item 18061055
AG18061075 Provided for in tariff item 18061075
AG18062073 Provided for in tariff item 18062073
AG18062077 Provided for in tariff item 18062077
AG18062094 Provided for in tariff item 18062094
AG18062098 Provided for in tariff item 18062098
AG18069039 Provided for in tariff item 18069039
AG18069049 Provided for in tariff item 18069049
AG18069059 Provided for in tariff item 18069059
AG19012025 Provided for in tariff item 19012025
AG19012035 Provided for in tariff item 19012035
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-11
AG19012060 Provided for in tariff item 19012060
AG19012070 Provided for in tariff item 19012070
AG19019036 Provided for in tariff item 19019036
AG19019054 Provided for in tariff item 19019054
AG19019058 Provided for in tariff item 19019058
AG21011238 Provided for in tariff item 21011238
AG21011248 Provided for in tariff item 21011248
AG21011258 Provided for in tariff item 21011258
AG21012038 Provided for in tariff item 21012038
AG21012048 Provided for in tariff item 21012048
AG21012058 Provided for in tariff item 21012058
AG21039078 Provided for in tariff item 21039078
AG21050020 Provided for in tariff item 21050020
AG21069044 Provided for in tariff item 21069044
AG21069046 Provided for in tariff item 21069046
AG21069072 Provided for in tariff item 21069072
AG21069076 Provided for in tariff item 21069076
AG21069080 Provided for in tariff item 21069080
AG21069091 Provided for in tariff item 21069091
AG21069094 Provided for in tariff item 21069094
AG21069097 Provided for in tariff item 21069097
Annex 3.3-US-Notes-12
Agricultural Tariff Schedule to Annex 3.3 -- United States of America
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
01011000 Live purebred breeding horses and asses Free I
Live horses other than purebred breeding horses
01019010 Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Bovine carcasses and halves, fresh or chld.,
02011005 4.4 cents/kg A
descr. in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine carcasses and halves, fresh or chld.,
02011010 4.4 cents/kg A
descr. in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine carcasses and halves, fresh or chld., other
02011050 than descr. in gen. note 15 or add. US note 3 to 26.4% F See Annex 3.17
Ch. 2"
"High-qual. beef cuts w/bone in, processed, fresh
02012002 4% A
or chld., descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02012004 w/bone in, processed, fresh or chld., descr in gen. 10% A
note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, not processed, fresh
02012006 4.4 cents/kg A
or chld., descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"High-qual. beef cuts, w/bone in, processed, fresh
02012010 4% A
or chld., descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02012030 w/bone in, processed, fresh or chld., descr in add. 10% A
US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, not processed, fresh
02012050 4.4 cents/kg A
or chld., descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, fresh or chld., not
02012080 26.4% F See Annex 3.17
descr in gen. note 15 or add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"High-qual. beef cuts, boneless, processed, fresh
02013002 4% A
or chld., descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02013004 boneless, processed, fresh or chld., descr in gen. 10% A
note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts, boneless, not processed, fresh
02013006 4.4 cents/kg A
or chld., descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"High-qual. beef cuts, boneless, processed, fresh
02013010 4% A
or chld., descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02013030 boneless, processed, fresh or chld., descr in add. 10% A
US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, boneless, not processed, fresh
02013050 4.4 cents/kg A
or chld., descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, boneless, fresh or chld., not
02013080 26.4% F See Annex 3.17
descr in gen. note 15 or add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine carcasses and halves, frozen, descr. in
02021005 4.4 cents/kg A
gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine carcasses and halves, frozen, descr. in
02021010 4.4 cents/kg A
add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine carcasses and halves, frozen, other than
02021050 descr. in gen. note 15 or add. US note 3 to Ch. 2" 26.4% F See Annex 3.17
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"High-qual. beef cuts w/bone in, processed,
02022002 4% A
frozen, descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02022004 w/bone in, processed, frozen, descr in gen. note 10% A
15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, not processed,
02022006 4.4 cents/kg A
frozen, descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"High-qual. beef cuts, w/bone in, processed,
02022010 4% A
frozen, descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02022030 w/bone in, processed, frozen, descr in add. US 10% A
note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, not processed,
02022050 4.4 cents/kg A
frozen, descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, frozen, not descr in
02022080 26.4% F See Annex 3.17
gen. note 15 or add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"High-qual. beef cuts, boneless, processed, frozen,
02023002 4% A
descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02023004 boneless, processed, frozen, descr in gen. note 15 10% A
of the HTS"
"Bovine meat cuts, boneless, not processed,
02023006 4.4 cents/kg A
frozen, descr in gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"High-qual. beef cuts, boneless, processed, frozen,
02023010 4% A
descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts (except high-qual. beef cuts),
02023030 boneless, processed, frozen, descr in add. US note 10% A
3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, boneless, not processed,
02023050 4.4 cents/kg A
frozen, descr in add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Bovine meat cuts, boneless, frozen, not descr in
02023080 26.4% F See Annex 3.17
gen. note 15 or add. US note 3 to Ch. 2"
"Carcasses and half-carcasses of swine, fresh or
02031100 Free I
chilled"
"Fresh or chilled retail cuts of ham, shoulders and
02031210 1.4 cents/kg A
cuts thereof, with bone in"
"Fresh or chilled hams, shoulders and cuts
02031290 Free I
thereof, with bone in, other than processed"
"Meat of swine nesi, retail cuts, fresh or chilled"
02031920 1.4 cents/kg A
"Meat of swine, nesi, non retail cuts, fresh or
02031940 Free I
chilled"
"Carcasses and half-carcasses of swine, frozen"
02032100 Free I
"Frozen retail cuts of hams, shoulders and cuts
02032210 1.4 cents/kg A
thereof, with bone in"
"Frozen hams, shoulders and cuts thereof, with
02032290 Free I
bone in, other than retail cuts"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
02032920 "Frozen retail cuts of meat of swine, nesi" 1.4 cents/kg A
"Frozen meat of swine, other than retail cuts,
02032940 Free I
nesi"
"Carcasses and half-carcasses of lamb, fresh or
02041000 0.7 cents/kg A
chilled"
"Carcasses and half-carcasses of sheep, other than
02042100 2.8 cents/kg A
lamb, fresh or chilled"
"Cuts of lamb meat with bone in, fresh or chilled"
02042220 0.7 cents/kg A
"Cuts of sheep meat with bone in, nesi, fresh or
02042240 2.8 cents/kg A
chilled"
02042320 "Boneless meat of lamb, fresh or chilled" 0.7 cents/kg A
02042340 "Boneless meat of sheep, nesi, fresh or chilled" 2.8 cents/kg A
02043000 "Carcasses and half-carcasses of lamb, frozen" 0.7 cents/kg A
"Carcasses and half-carcasses of sheep, other than
02044100 2.8 cents/kg A
lamb, frozen"
02044220 "Cuts of lamb meat with bone in, frozen" 0.7 cents/kg A
02044240 "Cuts of sheep meat with bone in, nesi, frozen" 2.8 cents/kg A
02044320 "Boneless meat of lamb, frozen" 0.7 cents/kg A
02044340 "Boneless meat of sheep, nesi, frozen" 2.8 cents/kg A
02045000 "Meat of goats, fresh, chilled or frozen" Free I
"Meat of horses, asses, mules or hinnies, fresh,
02050000 Free I
chilled or frozen"
02061000 "Edible offal of bovine animals, fresh or chilled" Free I
02062100 "Tongues of bovine animals, frozen" Free I
02062200 "Livers of bovine animals, frozen" Free I
"Edible offal of bovine animals, except tongues or
02062900 Free I
livers, frozen"
02063000 "Edible offal of swine, fresh or chilled" Free I
02064100 "Livers of swine, frozen" Free I
02064900 "Edible offal of swine, except liver, frozen" Free I
"Edible offal of sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules
02068000 Free I
or hinnies, fresh or chilled"
"Edible offal of sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules
02069000 Free I
or hinnies, frozen"
02071100 "Chickens, not cut in pieces, fresh or chilled" 8.8 cents/kg A
02071200 "Chickens, not cut in pieces, frozen" 8.8 cents/kg A
02071300 "Cuts and offal of chickens, fresh or chilled" 17.6 cents/kg A
02071400 "Cuts and offal of chickens, frozen" 17.6 cents/kg A
02072400 "Turkeys, not cut in pieces, fresh or chilled" 15 cents/kg A
"Turkeys, not cut in pieces, valued less than 88
02072520 8.8 cents/kg A
cents/kg, frozen"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Turkeys, not cut in pieces, valued 88 cents or
02072540 10% A
more per kg, frozen"
02072600 "Cuts and offal of turkeys, fresh or chilled" 17.6 cents/kg A
02072700 "Cuts and offal of turkeys, frozen" 17.6 cents/kg A
"Ducks, geese or guineas, not cut in pieces, fresh
02073200 8.8 cents/kg A
or chilled"
"Ducks, geese or guineas, not cut in pieces,
02073300 8.8 cents/kg A
frozen"
"Fatty livers of ducks, geese or guineas, fresh or
02073400 17.6 cents/kg A
chilled"
"Cuts and offal, other than fatty livers, of ducks,
02073500 17.6 cents/kg A
geese or guineas, fresh or chilled"
"Cuts and offal of ducks, geese or guineas,
02073600 17.6 cents/kg A
frozen"
"Meat and edible meat offal of rabbits or hares,
02081000 6.4% A
fresh, chilled or frozen"
02082000 "Frog legs, fresh, chilled or frozen" Free I
"Meat and edible meat offal of primates, fresh,
02083000 6.4% A
chilled or frozen"
"Meat and edible meat offal of whales, dolphins
02084000 and porpoises or of manatees and dugongs, fresh, 6.4% A
chilled or frozen"
"Meat and edible meat offal of reptiles, fresh,
02085000 6.4% A
chilled or frozen"
"Meat and edible offal of deer, fresh, chilled or
02089020 Free I
frozen"
"Fresh, chilled or frozen quail, eviscerated, not in
02089030 7 cents/kg A
pieces"
"Other meat and edible meat offal not elsewhere
02089090 6.4% A
specified or included, fresh, chilled or frozen"
"Pig fat, free of lean meat, and poultry fat, not
02090000 rendered or otherwise extracted, fresh, chilled, 3.2% A
frozen, salted, in brine, dried or smoked"
"Hams, shoulders and cuts thereof with bone in,
02101100 1.4 cents/kg A
salted, in brine, dried or smoked"
"Bellies (streaky) and cuts thereof of swine,
02101200 1.4 cents/kg A
salted, in brine, dried or smoked"
"Meat of swine other than hams, shoulders,
02101900 bellies (streaky) and cuts thereof, salted, in brine, 1.4 cents/kg A
dried or smoked"
"Meat of bovine animals, salted, in brine, dried or
02102000 Free I
smoked"
"Meat and edible offal of primates, salted, in
02109100 brine, dried or smoked; edible flours and meals 2.3% A
thereof"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Meat and edible offal of whales, dolphins,
porpoises, manatees and dugongs, salted, in brine,
02109200 2.3% A
dried or smoked; edible flour & meals thereof"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Milk & cream in powder granules/other solid
04021050 forms fat content by weight not exceeding 1.5% 86.5 cents/kg E
whether/not sweetened, nesi"
"Milk & cream, concen, not sweetened, in
04022102 powder, granules or other solid forms, w/fat 3.3 cents/kg A
content o/1.5% but not o/3%, subj to GN15"
"Milk & cream, concen, not sweetened, in
powder, granules or other solid forms, w/fat
04022105 3.3 cents/kg A
content o/1.5% but not o/3%, subj Ch4 US note 7"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Milk & cream, concen in non-solid forms, not
04029106 sweetened, not in airtight containers, subject to 3.3 cents/kg A
gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Milk & cream, concen in non-solid forms, not
04029110 sweetened, in airtight containers, subject to add. 2.2 cents/kg A
US note 11 to Ch.4"
"Milk & cream, concen in non-solid forms, not
04029130 sweetened, not in airtight containers, subject to 3.3 cents/kg A
add. US note 11 to Ch. 4"
"Milk & cream, concen in non-solid forms, not See paragraph 4 of
sweetened, in airtight containers, not subject to Appendix I to the General
04029170 gen. note 15 or add. US note 11 to Ch.4" 31.3 cents/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Milk and cream, concentrated, in other than See paragraph 4 of
powder, granules or other solid forms, Appendix I to the General
04029190 unsweetened, other than in airtight containers" 31.3 cents/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Condensed milk, sweetened, in airtight
04029903 3.9 cents/kg A
containers, subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Condensed milk, sweetened, not in airtight
04029906 3.3 cents/kg A
containers, subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Condensed milk, sweetened, in airtight
04029910 3.9 cents/kg A
containers, subject to add. US note 11 to Ch.4"
"Condensed milk, sweetened, not in airtight
04029930 containers, subject to add. US note 11 to Ch. 4" 3.3 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Yogurt, in dry form, whether or not flavored or
04031005 containing add fruit or cocoa, subject to gen. note 20% A
15 of the HTS"
"Yogurt, in dry form, whether or not flavored or
04031010 containing add fruit or cocoa, subject to add. US 20% A
note 10 to Ch. 4"
"Yogurt, in dry form, whether or not flavored or
$1.035/kg +
04031050 containing add fruit or cocoa, not subject to gen E
17%
nte 15 or add. US nte 10 to Ch.4"
"Yogurt, not in dry form, whether or not flavored
04031090 17% A
or containing add fruit or cocoa"
"Sour cream, fluid, n/o 45% by wt. butterfat,
04039002 3.2 cents/liter A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Sour cream, fluid, n/o 45% by wt. butterfat,
04039004 3.2 cents/liter A
subject to add. US note 5 to Ch.4"
"Sour cream, fluid, n/o 45% by wt. butterfat, not
04039016 77.2 cents/liter E
subject to gen nte 15 or add US note 5 to Ch.4"
04039020 Fluid buttermilk 0.34 cents/liter A
"Sour cream, dried, n/o 6% by wt. butterfat,
04039037 3.3 cents/kg A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Sour cream, dried, n/o 6% by wt. butterfat,
04039041 3.3 cents/kg A
subject to add. US note 12 to Ch. 4"
"Sour cream, dried, n/o 6% by wt. butterfat, not
04039045 subject to gen nte 15 or add. US note 12 to Ch. 4" 87.6 cents/kg E
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
Curdled milk/cream/kephir & other fermentd or
04039087 20% A
acid. milk/cream descr.in gen. note 15
Curdled milk/cream/kephir & other fermentd or
04039090 acid. milk/cream subject to add US note 10 to 20% A
Ch.4
Curdled milk/cream/kephir & other fermentd or
$1.034/kg +
04039095 acid. milk/cream not subj to GN 15 or Ch4 US E
17%
note 10
04041005 Whey protein concentrates 8.5% A
"Modified whey (except protein conc.), subject to
04041008 13% A
gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Modified whey (except protein conc.), wheth/not
04041011 conc. or sweetened, subject to add US note 10 to 13% A
Ch.4"
"Modified whey (except protein conc.), wheth/not
$1.035/kg +
04041015 conc. or sweetened, not subject to gen. note 15 or" E
8.5%
"Fluid whey, whether or not concentrated or
04041020 0.34 cents/liter A
containing added sweeteners"
"Whey (except modified whey), dried, whether or
04041048 not conc. or sweetened, subject to gen. note 15 of 3.3 cents/kg A
the HTS"
"Whey (except modified whey), dried, whether or
04041050 not conc. or sweetened, subject to add. US note 12 3.3 cents/kg A
to Ch. 4"
"Whey (except modified whey), dried, whether or
04041090 not conc. or sweetened, not subject to gen. note 15 87.6 cents/kg E
or add US nte 12 to Ch.4"
04049010 Milk protein concentrates 0.37 cents/kg A
"Dairy products of nat. milk constituents (except
04049028 protein conc.), descr. in add. US nte 1 to Ch. 4 14.5% A
and subj to GN 15"
"Dairy products of nat. milk constituents (except
04049030 protein conc.), descr. in add. US nte 1 to Ch. 4 14.5% A
and sub to Ch4 US note 10"
"Dairy products of nat. milk constituents (except
$1.189/kg +
04049050 protein conc.), descr. in add. US nte 1 to Ch. 4 & E
8.5%
not subj to GN15 or Ch4 US note 10"
"Products consisting of natural milk constituents
(except protein conc.), whether or not sweetened,
04049070 8.5% A
not descr. in add US note 1 to Ch. 4"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
Butter not subject to general note 15 and in excess
04051020 of quota in chapter 4 additional U.S. note 6 $1.541/kg E
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Fresh (unripened/uncured) cheese (ex chongos),
04061012 incl whey cheese and curd, subj to gen. note 15 of 10% A
the HTS, not GN15"
"Fresh (unripened/uncured) blue-mold cheese,
cheese/subs for cheese cont or procd fr blue-mold
04061014 10% A
cheese, subj to Ch4 US note 17, not GN15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Fresh (unrip./uncured) Swiss/emmentaler
cheeses w/o eyes, gruyere-process and cheese
04061064 10% A
cont/proc. from, subj to Ch4 US note 22, not
GN15"
"Fresh (unripened/uncured) Swiss/emmentaler See paragraph 2 of
cheeses exc eye formation, gruyere-process cheese Appendix I to the General
04061068 and cheese cont or proc. from such, not subj .." $1.386/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Fresh cheese, and substitutes for cheese,neosi,
w/0.5% or less by wt. of butterfat, descr in add US
04061074 10% A
note 23 to Ch 4, not GN15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cheddar cheese, grated or powdered, not subject See paragraph 2 of
to gen. note 15 or add. US note 18 to Ch. 4" Appendix I to the General
04062033 $1.227/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Colby cheese, grated or powdered, subject to gen.
04062034 20% A
note 15 of the HTS"
"Colby cheese, grated or powdered, subject to add.
04062036 20% A
US note 19 to Ch. 4"
"Colby cheese, grated or powdered, not describ. in See paragraph 2 of
gen. note 15 or add. US note 19 to Ch. 4" Appendix I to the General
04062039 $1.055/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Edam and gouda cheese, grated or powdered,
04062043 15% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Edam and gouda cheese, grated or powdered,
04062044 15% A
subject to add. US note 20 to Ch. 4"
"Edam and gouda cheese, grated or powdered, not See paragraph 2 of
subject to gen note 15 or add. US nte 20 to Ch. 4" Appendix I to the General
04062048 $1.803/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Romano (cows milk), reggiano, provolone,
04062049 provoletti, sbrinz and goya, grated or powdered, 15% A
subject to gen. note 15 to HTS"
"Romano, reggiano, provolone, provoletti, sbrinz
and goya, made from cow's milk, grated or
04062051 15% A
powdered, subject to add US note 21 to Ch.4"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cheese containing or processed from blue-veined
cheese (except roquefort), grated/powdered,
04062061 10% A
subject to add US note 17 to Ch.4"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cheese containing or processed from swiss, See paragraph 2 of
emmentaler or gruyere-process cheeses, grated or Appendix I to the General
04062083 powdered, not subject to add US nte 22 to Ch. 4" $1.386/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheese (including mixtures), nesoi, n/o 0.5% by
04062085 wt. of butterfat, grated or powdered, subject to add 10% A
US note 23 to Ch. 4"
"Cheese (including mixtures), nesoi, n/o 0.5% by See paragraph 2 of
wt. of butterfat, grated or powdered, not subject to Appendix I to the General
04062087 add US note 23 to Ch. 4" $1.128/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheese (including mixtures), nesoi, o/0.5% by wt
04062089 of butterfat, w/cow's milk, grated or powdered, 10% A
subject to add US note 16 to Ch. 4"
"Cheese (including mixtures), nesoi, o/0.5% by wt See paragraph 3 of
of butterfat, w/cow's milk, grated or powdered, Appendix I to the General
04062091 not subject to add US note 16 to Ch. 4" $1.509/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheese (including mixtures), nesoi, o/0.5% by wt
04062095 of butterfat, not containing cow's milk, grated or 8.5% A
powdered"
"Stilton cheese, processed, not grated or
04063005 17% A
powdered, subject to add US note 24 to Ch. 4"
"Blue-veined cheese (except roquefort), processed,
04063012 not grated or powdered, subject to gen. note 15 of 20% A
the HTS"
"Blue-veined cheese (except roquefort), processed,
04063014 not grated or powdered, subject to add. US note 20% A
17 to Ch. 4"
"Blue-veined cheese (except roquefort), processed, See paragraph 2 of
not grated or powdered, not subject to gen. note Appendix I to the General
04063018 15 or add. US note 17 to Ch. 4" $2.269/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheddar cheese, processed, not grated or
04063022 16% A
powdered, subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Cheddar cheese, processed, not grated or
04063024 16% A
powdered, subject to add US note 18 to Ch. 4"
"Cheddar cheese, processed, not grated or See paragraph 2 of
powdered, not subject to gen note 15 or in add US Appendix I to the General
04063028 note 18 to Ch. 4" $1.227/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Colby cheese, processed, not grated or powdered,
04063032 20% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Colby cheese, processed, not grated or powdered,
04063034 20% A
subject to add US note 19 to Ch. 4"
"Colby cheese, processed, not grated or powdered, See paragraph 2 of
not subject to gen note 15 or add US note 19 to Appendix I to the General
04063038 Ch. 4" $1.055/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Edam and gouda cheese, processed, not grated or
04063042 powdered, subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS" 15% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Processed cheese cont/procd fr cheddar cheese,
04063065 not grated/powdered, subject to add US note 18, 10% A
not GN15"
"Processed cheese cont/procd fr cheddar cheese, See paragraph 2 of
not grated/powdered, not subject to add US note Appendix I to the General
04063067 18, not GN15" $1.227/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Processed cheese cont/procd fr american-type
cheese (ex cheddar), not grated/powdered, subject
04063069 10% A
to add US note 19 to Ch. 4, not GN15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Processed cheese (incl. mixtures), nesoi, n/o See paragraph 2 of
0.5% by wt. butterfat, not grated or powdered, not Appendix I to the General
04063087 subj to Ch 4 US note 23 or not GN15" $1.128/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Processed cheese (incl. mixtures), nesoi, w/cow's
04063089 milk, not grated or powdered, subject to add US 10% A
note 16 to Ch. 4, not GN15"
"Processed cheese (incl. mixtures), nesoi, w/cow's See paragraph 3 of
milk, not grated or powdered, not subject to add Appendix I to the General
04063091 US note 16 to Ch. 4, not GN15" $1.509/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Processed cheese (incl. mixtures), nesoi, w/o
04063095 8.5% A
cows milk, not grated or powdered, not GN15"
"Roquefort cheese in original loaves, not grated or
04064020 2.7% A
powdered, not processed"
"Roquefort cheese, other than in original loaves,
04064040 4.5% A
not grated or powdered, not processed"
"Stilton cheese, nesoi, in original loaves, subject
04064044 12.8% A
to add. US note 24 to Ch. 4"
"Stilton cheese, nesoi, not in original loaves,
04064048 17% A
subject to add. US note 24 to Ch. 4"
"Blue-veined cheese, nesoi, in original loaves,
04064051 15% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Blue-veined cheese, nesoi, not in original loaves,
04064052 20% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Blue-veined cheese, nesoi, in original loaves,
04064054 15% A
subject to add. US note 17 to Ch. 4"
"Blue-veined cheese, nesoi, not in original loaves,
04064058 20% A
subject to add. US note 17 to Ch. 4"
"Blue-veined cheese, nesoi, not subject to gen. See paragraph 2 of
note 15 of the HTS or to add. US note 17 to Ch. Appendix I to the General
04064070 4" $2.269/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Bryndza cheese, not grated or powdered, not
04069005 7.2% A
processed"
"Cheddar cheese, neosi, subject to gen. note 15 of
04069006 12% A
the & entered pursuant to its provisions"
"Cheddar cheese, neosi, subject to add. US note
04069008 12% A
18 to Ch. 4"
"Cheddar cheese, nesoi, not subject to gen. note See paragraph 2 of
15 of the HTS or to add. US note 18 to Ch. 4" Appendix I to the General
04069012 $1.227/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Edam and gouda cheese, nesoi, subject to gen.
04069014 15% A
note 15 of the HTS"
"Edam and gouda cheese, nesoi, subject to add.
04069016 15% A
US note 20 to Ch. 4"
"Edam and gouda cheese, nesoi, not subject to See paragraph 2 of
gen. note 15 of the HTS or to add. US note 20 to Appendix I to the General
04069018 Ch. 4" $1.803/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Gjetost cheese from goat's milk, whey or whey
obtained from a mixture of goat's & n/o 20%
04069020 4.2% A
cow's milk, not grated, powdered or processed"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Romano, Reggiano, Parmeson, Provolne, and See paragraph 2 of
Provoletti cheese, nesoi, from cow's milk, not subj Appendix I to the General
04069042 to to GN 15 or Ch4 US note 21" $2.146/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Reggiano, Parmeson, Provolne, and Provoletti
04069043 cheese, nesoi, not from cow's milk, not subject to 9.6% A
gen. note 15"
"Swiss or emmenthaler cheese with eye
04069044 formation, nesoi, subject to gen. note 15 of the 6.4% A
HTS"
"Swiss or emmenthaler cheese with eye
04069046 formation, nesoi, subject to add. US note 25 to 6.4% A
Ch. 4"
"Swiss or emmenthaler cheese with eye See paragraph 2 of
formation, nesoi, not subject to gen. note 15 or to Appendix I to the General
04069048 add. US note 25 to Ch. 4" $1.877/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
04069049 "Gammelost and nokkelost cheese, nesoi" 5.4% A
"Colby cheese, nesoi, subject to gen. note 15 of
04069051 the HTS and entered pursuant to its provisions" 20% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese(incl. mixt.), nesoi,
w/romano/reggiano/parmesan/provolone/etc,
04069066 7.5% A
f/cow milk, subj. Ch4 US note 21, not GN15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese (incl. mixt.), nesoi, See paragraph 2 of
w/ or from swiss, emmentaler or gruyere, not subj. Appendix I to the General
04069092 Ch4 US note 22, not GN15" $1.386/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese (incl. mixt.), nesoi,
04069093 w/butterfat n/o 0.5% by wt, subject to add. US 10% A
note 23 to Ch. 4, not GN15"
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese (incl. mixt.), nesoi, See paragraph 2 of
w/butterfat n/o 0.5% by wt, not subject to add. US Appendix I to the General
04069094 note 23 to Ch. 4, not GN15" $1.128/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese (incl. mixt.), nesoi,
04069095 containing cow's milk (not soft-ripened), subject 10% A
to add. US note 16 to Ch. 4 (quota)"
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese (incl. mixt.), nesoi, See paragraph 3 of
w/cows milk, w/butterfat o/0.5% by wt, not Appendix I to the General
04069097 subject to Ch4 US note 16, not GN15" $1.509/kg Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cheeses & subst. for cheese (incl. mixt.), nesoi,
04069099 w/o cows milk, w/butterfat o/0.5% by wt, not 8.5% A
GN15"
"Birds' eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked"
04070000 2.8 cents/doz. A
"Egg yolks, dried, whether or not containing
04081100 47.6 cents/kg A
added sweeteners"
"Egg yolks, other than dried, whether or not
04081900 9.7 cents/kg A
containing added sweeteners"
"Birds' eggs, not in shell, dried, whether or not
04089100 47.6 cents/kg A
containing added sweeteners"
"Birds' eggs, not in shell, other than dried,
04089900 9.7 cents/kg A
whether or not containing added sweeteners"
04090000 Natural honey 1.9 cents/kg A
04100000 "Edible products of animal origin, nesi" 1.1% A
"Human hair, unworked, whether or not washed
05010000 1.4% A
and scoured; waste of human hair"
"Pigs', hogs' or boars' bristles and hair and waste
05021000 0.8 cents/kg A
thereof"
"Badger hair and other brushmaking hair, nesi,
05029000 Free I
and waste thereof"
"Horsehair and horsehair waste, whether or not
05030000 put up as a layer with or without supporting Free I
material"
"Guts, bladders and stomachs of animals (other
05040000 Free I
than fish), whole and pieces thereof"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
05051000 "Feathers of a kind used for stuffing, and down" Free I
05059020 Feather meal and waste 2.3% A
Skins and parts of birds with their feathers or
05059060 Free I
down (except meal and waste) nesoi
05061000 Ossein and bones treated with acid Free I
"Bones & horn-cores, unworked, defatted, simply
prepared (but not cut to shape) or degelatinized;
05069000 Free I
powder & waste of these products"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
06024000 "Rose plants, grafted or not" Free I
06029020 Live orchid plants Free I
"Live herbaceous perennials, other than orchid
06029030 1.4% A
plants, with soil attached to roots"
"Live herbaceous perennials, other than orchid
06029040 3.5% A
plants, without soil attached to roots"
06029050 Live mushroom spawn 1.4 cents/kg A
"Other live plants nesoi, with soil attached to
06029060 1.9% A
roots"
"Other live plants nesoi, other than those with soil
06029090 4.8% A
attached to roots"
06031030 "Miniature (spray) carnations, fresh cut" 3.2% A
06031060 "Roses, fresh cut" 6.8% A
"Chrysanthemums, standard carnations,
06031070 6.4% A
anthuriums and orchids, fresh cut"
"Cut flowers and flower buds suitable for
06031080 bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh cut, nesi" 6.4% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
07031020 "Onion sets, fresh or chilled" 0.83 cents/kg A
"Pearl onions not over 16 mm in diameter, fresh
07031030 0.96 cents/kg A
or chilled"
"Onions, other than onion sets or pearl onions not
07031040 over 16 mm in diameter, and shallots, fresh or 3.1 cents/kg A
chilled"
07032000 "Garlic, fresh or chilled" 0.43 cents/kg A
"Leeks and other alliaceous vegetables nesi, fresh
07039000 20% A
or chilled"
"Cauliflower and headed broccoli, fresh or
07041020 chilled, if entered June 5 to October 15, inclusive, 2.5% A
in any year"
"Cauliflower and headed broccoli, fresh or
07041040 chilled, not reduced in size, if entered Oct. 16 10% A
through June 4, inclusive"
"Cauliflower and headed broccoli, fresh or
07041060 chilled, reduced in size, if entered Oct. 16 through 14% A
June 4, inclusive"
07042000 "Brussels sprouts, fresh or chilled" 12.5% A
07049020 "Cabbage, fresh or chilled" 0.54 cents/kg A
"Kohlrabi, kale and similar edible brassicas nesi,
07049040 20% A
including sprouting broccoli, fresh or chilled"
"Head lettuce (cabbage lettuce), fresh or chilled, if
07051120 entered June 1 to October 31, inclusive, in any 0.4 cents/kg A
year"
"Head lettuce (cabbage lettuce), fresh or chilled, if
07051140 entered Nov. 1 through May 30, inclusive, in any 3.7 cents/kg A
year"
"Lettuce, other than head lettuce, fresh or chilled,
07051920 if entered June 1 to October 31, inclusive, in any 0.4 cents/kg A
year"
"Lettuce, other than head lettuce, fresh or chilled,
07051940 if entered Nov. 1 through May 30, inclusive, in 3.7 cents/kg A
any year"
07052100 "Witloof chicory, fresh or chilled" 0.15 cents/kg A
"Chicory, other than witloof chicory, fresh or
07052900 0.15 cents/kg A
chilled"
07061005 "Carrots, fresh or chilled, reduced in size" 14.9% A
"Carrots, fresh or chilled, not reduced in size,
07061010 1.4 cents/kg A
under 10 cm in length"
"Carrots, fresh or chilled, not reduced in size, 10
07061020 0.7 cents/kg A
cm or over in length"
07061040 "Turnips, fresh or chilled" Free I
07069020 "Radishes, fresh or chilled" 2.7% A
07069030 "Beets and horseradish, fresh or chilled" 1.9% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Salsify, celeriac, radishes and similar edible
07069040 10% A
roots nesi, fresh or chilled"
"Cucumbers, including gherkins, fresh or chilled,
if entered 'December 2004 1 in any year to the last
07070020 4.2 cents/kg A
day of the following February, inclusive"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Eggplants (aubergines), fresh or chilled, if
07093040 entered 'December 2004 1 through the following 1.9 cents/kg A
March 31, inclusive"
"Celery, other than celeriac, fresh or chilled,
07094020 14.9% A
reduced in size"
"Celery, other than celeriac, fresh or chilled, not
07094040 reduced in size, if entered April 15 to July 31, 0.25 cents/kg A
inclusive, in any year"
"Celery, other than celeriac, fresh or chilled, not
07094060 reduced in size, if entered 'August 2004 1 through 1.9 cents/kg A
the following April 14, inclusive"
"Mushrooms of the genus Agaricus, fresh or 8.8 cents/kg +
07095101 A
chilled" 20%
07095200 "Truffles, fresh or chilled" Free I
"Mushrooms, other than of the genus Agaricus, 8.8 cents/kg +
07095900 A
fresh or chilled" 20%
07096020 "Chili peppers, fresh or chilled" 4.4 cents/kg A
"Fruits of the genus capsicum (peppers) (ex. chili
07096040 peppers) or of the genus pimenta (e.g., Allspice), 4.7 cents/kg A
fresh or chilled"
"Spinach, New Zealand spinach and orache
07097000 20% A
spinach (garden spinach), fresh or chilled"
"Jicamas, pumpkins and breadfruit, fresh or
07099005 11.3% A
chilled"
07099010 "Chayote, fresh or chilled" 5.6% A
07099014 "Okra, fresh or chilled" 20% A
07099020 "Squash, fresh or chilled" 1.5 cents/kg A
07099030 "Fiddlehead greens, fresh or chilled" 8% A
07099035 "Olives, fresh or chilled" 8.8 cents/kg A
07099045 "Sweet corn, fresh or chilled" 21.3% A
"Vegetables, not elsewhere specified or included,
07099091 20% A
fresh or chilled"
"Potatoes, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07101000 14% A
boiling in water, frozen"
"Peas, uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling
07102120 in water, frozen, if entered July 1 through 1 cent/kg A
September 30, inclusive, in any year"
"Peas, uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling
07102140 in water, frozen, if entered Jan. 1 through June 2 cents/kg A
30, or Oct. 1 through Dec. 31, inclusive"
"Lima beans, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07102210 boiling in water, frozen, not reduced in size, 2.3 cents/kg A
entered Nov. 1 through the following May 31"
"Lima beans, frozen, entered June 1 - October 31"
07102215 4.9 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cowpeas (other than black-eye peas), uncooked
07102220 or cooked by steaming or boiling in water, frozen, Free I
not reduced in size"
"Frozen string beans (snap beans), not reduced in
07102225 4.9 cents/kg A
size"
07102237 "Frozen beans nesi, not reduced in size" 4.9 cents/kg A
"Beans nesi, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07102240 11.2% A
boiling in water, frozen, reduced in size"
"Chickpeas (garbanzos), uncooked or cooked by
07102905 1 cent/kg A
steaming or boiling in water, frozen"
"Lentils, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07102915 0.1 cents/kg A
boiling in water, frozen"
"Pigeon peas, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07102925 boiling in water, frozen, if entered July 1 through Free I
September 30, inclusive, in any year"
"Pigeon peas, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07102930 boiling in water, frozen, if entered Oct. 1 through 0.8 cents/kg A
the following June 30, inclusive"
"Leguminous vegetables nesi, uncooked or cooked
07102940 3.5 cents/kg A
by steaming or boiling in water, frozen"
"Spinach, New Zealand spinach and orache
07103000 spinach (garden spinach), uncooked or cooked by 14% A
steaming or boiling in water, frozen"
"Sweet corn, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07104000 14% A
boiling in water, frozen"
"Bamboo shoots and water chestnuts (other than
07108015 Chinese water chestnuts), uncooked or cooked by Free I
steaming or boiling in water, frozen"
"Mushrooms, uncooked or cooked by steaming or 5.7 cents/kg +
07108020 A
boiling in water, frozen" 8%
"Tomatoes, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07108040 boiling in water, frozen, if entered Mar. 1 thru 2.9 cents/kg A
July 14, incl. or Sept. 1 thru Nov. 14, incl."
"Tomatoes, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07108045 boiling in water, frozen, if entered July 15 2.1 cents/kg A
through 'August 2004 31, inclusive, in any year"
"Tomatoes, uncooked or cooked by steaming or
07108050 boiling in water, frozen, if entered Nov. 15 2.1 cents/kg A
through the following February, incl."
"Fiddlehead greens, uncooked or cooked by
07108060 steaming or boiling in water, frozen, not reduced 8% A
in size"
"Brussels sprouts, uncooked or cooked by
07108065 steaming or boiling in water, frozen, not reduced 12.5% A
in size"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Vegetables nesi, uncooked or cooked by
07108070 steaming or boiling in water, frozen, not reduced 11.3% A
in size"
"Brussels sprouts, uncooked or cooked by
07108085 steaming or boiling in water, frozen, reduced in 14% A
size"
07108093 "Okra, reduced in size, frozen" 14.9% A
"Vegetables nesi, uncooked or cooked by
07108097 steaming or boiling in water, frozen, reduced in 14.9% A
size"
"Mixtures of pea pods and water chestnuts (other
than Chinese water chestnuts), uncooked or
07109011 7.9% A
cooked by steaming or boiling in water, frozen"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Vegetables nesoi, and mixtures of vegetables,
07119065 provisionally preserved but unsuitable in that state 7.7% A
for immediate consumption"
07122020 Dried onion powder or flour 29.8% A
"Dried onions whole, cut, sliced or broken, but
07122040 21.3% A
not further prepared"
"Air dried or sun dried mushrooms of the genus
1.3 cents/kg +
07123110 Agaricus, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, A
1.8%
but not further prepared"
"Dried (not air or sun dried) mushrooms of the
1.9 cents/kg +
07123120 genus Agaricus, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in A
2.6%
powder, but not further prepared"
"Dried wood ears (Auricularia spp.), whole, cut,
07123200 sliced, broken or in powder, but not further 8.3% A
prepared"
"Dried jelly fungi (Tremella spp), whole, cut,
07123300 sliced, broken or in powder, but not further 8.3% A
prepared"
"Air dried or sun dried mushrooms (other than of
1.3 cents/kg +
07123910 the genus Agaricus), whole, cut, sliced, broken or A
1.8%
in powder, but not further prepared"
"Dried (not air or sun dried) mushrooms (other
than of the genus Agaricus), whole, cut, sliced, 1.9 cents/kg +
07123920 A
broken or in powder, but not further prepared" 2.6%
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
07131010 Seeds of peas of a kind used for sowing 1.5 cents/kg A
07131020 "Dried split peas, shelled" Free I
07131040 "Dried peas, nesi, shelled" 0.4 cents/kg A
Seeds of chickpeas (garbanzos) of a kind used for
07132010 1.5 cents/kg A
sowing
07132020 "Dried chickpeas (garbanzos), shelled" 1.4 cents/kg A
07133110 Seeds of beans of a kind used for sowing 0.8 cents/kg A
"Dried beans, shelled, if entered May 1 through
07133120 Free I
'August 2004 31, inclusive, in any year"
"Dried beans, shelled, if entered September 1
07133140 through the following April 30, or withdrawn for 0.3 cents/kg A
consumption at any time"
Seeds of small red (adzuki) beans of a kind used
07133210 1.5 cents/kg A
for sowing
07133220 "Dried small red (adzuki) beans, shelled" 1.2 cents/kg A
"Seeds of kidney beans, including white pea beans
07133310 1.5 cents/kg A
of a kind used for sowing"
"Dried kidney beans, including white pea beans,
07133320 shelled, if entered May 1 through 'August 2004 1 cent/kg A
31, inclusive, in any year"
"Dried kidney beans, including white pea beans,
07133340 shelled, if entered Sept. 1 through April 30, or 1.5 cents/kg A
withdrawn for consumption at any time"
"Seeds of beans nesi, of a kind used for sowing"
07133910 1.5 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Dried leguminous vegetables nesi, shelled, if
07139080 entered Sept. 1 through the following April 30, or 1.5 cents/kg A
withdrawn for consumption at any time"
"Cassava (manioc), frozen, whether or not sliced
07141010 7.9% A
or in the form of pellets"
"Cassava (manioc), fresh, chilled or dried,
07141020 11.3% A
whether or not sliced or in the form of pellets"
"Sweet potatoes, frozen, whether or not sliced or
07142010 6% A
in the form of pellets"
"Sweet potatoes, fresh, chilled or dried, whether
07142020 4.5% A
or not sliced or in the form of pellets"
07149005 "Chinese water chestnuts, fresh or chilled" 20% A
"Fresh or chilled dasheens, whether or not sliced
07149010 2.3% A
or in the form of pellets"
"Fresh or chilled yams, whether or not sliced or in
07149020 6.4% A
the form of pellets"
"Fresh or chilled arrowroot, salep, Jerusalem
07149040 artichokes and similar roots and tubers nesoi, 16% A
whether or not sliced or in the form of pellets"
"Mixtures of pea pods and Chineses water
07149041 7.9% A
chestnuts, frozen"
"Other mixtures of Chinese water chestnuts,
07149042 14% A
frozen"
07149044 "Chinese water chestnuts, not mixed, frozen" Free I
"Frozen dasheens/yams/arrowroot/salep/Jerusalem
artichokes/similar roots & tubers (but not cassava,
07149045 sweet potatoes & Chinese water chestnuts)" 6% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
08022100 "Hazelnuts or filberts, fresh or dried, in shell" 7 cents/kg A
08022200 "Hazelnuts or filberts, fresh or dried, shelled" 14.1 cents/kg A
08023100 "Walnuts, fresh or dried, in shell" 7 cents/kg A
08023200 "Walnuts, fresh or dried, shelled" 26.5 cents/kg A
08024000 "Chestnuts, fresh or dried, shelled or in shell" Free I
08025020 "Pistachios, fresh or dried, in shell" 0.9 cents/kg A
08025040 "Pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled" 1.9 cents/kg A
08029010 "Pecans, fresh or dried, in shell" 8.8 cents/kg A
08029015 "Pecans, fresh or dried, shelled" 17.6 cents/kg A
08029020 "Pignolias, fresh or dried, in shell" 0.7 cents/kg A
08029025 "Pignolias, fresh or dried, shelled" 1 cent/kg A
08029080 "Nuts nesi, fresh or dried, in shell" 1.3 cents/kg A
08029094 "Kola nuts, fresh or dried, shelled" 5 cents/kg A
08029098 "Nuts nesi, fresh or dried, shelled" 5 cents/kg A
08030020 "Bananas, fresh or dried" Free I
08030030 "Plantains, fresh" Free I
08030040 "Plantains, dried" 1.4% A
"Dates, fresh or dried, whole, with or without pits,
08041020 packed in units weighing (with immediate 13.2 cents/kg A
container, if any) not over 4.6 kg"
"Dates, fresh or dried, whole, with pits, packed in
08041040 1 cent/kg A
units weighing over 4.6 kg"
"Dates, fresh or dried, whole, without pits, packed
08041060 2.8 cents/kg A
in units weighing over 4.6 kg"
08041080 "Dates, fresh or dried, other than whole" 29.8% A
"Figs, fresh or dried, whole, in units weighing
08042040 7.9 cents/kg A
more than 0.5 kg each"
"Figs, fresh or dried, whole, in immediate
08042060 containers weighing with their contents 0.5 kg or 6.2 cents/kg A
less"
"Figs, fresh or dried, other than whole (including
08042080 8.8 cents/kg A
fig paste)"
"Pineapples, fresh or dried, not reduced in size, in
08043020 0.51 cents/kg A
bulk"
"Pineapples, fresh or dried, not reduced in size, in
08043040 1.1 cents/kg A
crates or other packages"
08043060 "Pineapples, fresh or dried, reduced in size" 0.44 cents/kg A
08044000 "Avocados, fresh or dried" 11.2 cents/kg A
"Guavas, mangoes, and mangosteens, fresh, if
08045040 entered during the period September 1 through 6.6 cents/kg A
May 31, inclusive"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Guavas, mangoes, and mangosteens, fresh, if
08045060 entered during the period June 1 through 'August 6.6 cents/kg A
2004 31, inclusive"
08045080 "Guavas, mangoes, and mangosteens, dried" 1.5 cents/kg A
08051000 "Oranges, fresh or dried" 1.9 cents/kg A
"Mandarins (including tangerines and satsumas);
08052000 clementines, wilkings and similar citrus hybrids, 1.9 cents/kg A
fresh or dried"
"Grapefruit, fresh or dried, entered during the
08054040 period 'August 2004 1 through September 30, 1.9 cents/kg A
inclusive"
"Grapefruit, fresh or dried, if entered during the
08054060 1.5 cents/kg A
month of October"
"Grapefruit, fresh or dried, if entered during the
08054080 period November 1 through the following July 31, 2.5 cents/kg A
inclusive"
08055020 "Lemons, fresh or dried" 2.2 cents/kg A
"Tahitian lines, Persian limes and other limes of
08055030 0.8% A
the Citrus latifolia variety, fresh or dried"
"Limes of the Citrus aurantifolia variety, fresh or
08055040 1.8 cents/kg A
dried"
"Citrus fruit, not elsewhere specified or included,
08059001 fresh or dried, including kumquats, citrons and 0.8% A
bergamots"
"Grapes, fresh, if entered during the period
08061020 $1.13/m3 A
February 15 through March 31, inclusive"
"Grapes, fresh, if entered during the period April
08061040 Free I
1 through June 30, inclusive"
"Grapes, fresh, if entered during the period July 1
08061060 through the following February 14, inclusive" $1.80/m3 A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Ogen and Galia melons, fresh, if entered during
08071950 the period from 'December 2004 1, in any year, to 1.6% A
the following May 31, inclusive"
"Ogen and Galia melons, fresh, if entered during
08071960 the period from June 1 through November 30, 6.3% A
inclusive"
"Other melons nesoi, fresh, if entered during the
08071970 period from 'December 2004 1, in any year, to the 5.4% A
following May 31, inclusive"
"Other melons nesoi, fresh, if entered during the
08071980 period from June 1 through November 30, 28% A
inclusive"
08072000 "Papayas (papaws), fresh" 5.4% A
08081000 "Apples, fresh" Free I
"Pears and quinces, fresh, if entered during the
08082020 Free I
period from April 1 through June 30, inclusive"
"Pears and quinces, fresh, if entered during the
08082040 period from July 1 through the following March 0.3 cents/kg A
31, inclusive"
08091000 "Apricots, fresh" 0.2 cents/kg A
08092000 "Cherries, fresh" Free I
"Peaches, including nectarines, fresh, if entered
08093020 during the period from June 1 through November 0.2 cents/kg A
30, inclusive"
"Peaches, including nectarines, fresh, if entered
08093040 during the period from 'December 2004 1 through Free I
the following May 31, inclusive"
"Plums, prunes and sloes, fresh, if entered during
08094020 the period from January 1 through May 31, Free I
inclusive"
"Plums, prunes and sloes, fresh, if entered during
08094040 the period from June 1 through 'December 2004 0.5 cents/kg A
31, inclusive"
"Strawberries, fresh, if entered during the period
08101020 0.2 cents/kg A
from June 15 through September 15, inclusive"
"Strawberries, fresh, if entered during the period
08101040 from September 16 through the following June 1.1 cents/kg A
14, inclusive"
"Raspberries and loganberries, fresh, if entered
08102010 during the period from September 1 through the 0.18 cents/kg A
following June 30, inclusive"
"Raspberries and loganberries, fresh, if entered
08102090 July 1 - 'August 2004 31, inclusive; blackberries Free I
& mulberries, fresh, entered any time"
"Black, white or red currants and gooseberries,
08103000 Free I
fresh"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cranberries, blueberries and other fruits of the
08104000 Free I
genus Vaccinium, fresh"
08105000 "Kiwi fruit, fresh" Free I
08106000 "Durians, fresh" 2.2% A
08109025 "Berries and tamarinds, fresh" Free I
"Fruit, not elsewhere specified or included, fresh"
08109045 2.2% A
"Strawberries, frozen, in water or containing
08111000 11.2% A
added sweetening"
"Raspberries, loganberries, black currants and
08112020 gooseberries, frozen, in water or containing added 4.5% A
sweetening"
"Blackberries, mulberries and white or red
08112040 currants, frozen, in water or containing added 9% A
sweetening"
"Bananas and plantains, frozen, in water or
08119010 3.4% A
containing added sweetening"
"Blueberries, frozen, in water or containing added
08119020 Free I
sweetening"
"Boysenberries, frozen, in water or containing
08119022 11.2% A
added sweetening"
"Cashew apples, mameyes colorados, sapodillas,
08119025 soursops and sweetsops, frozen, in water or 3.2% A
containing added sweetening"
"Coconut meat, frozen, in water or containing
08119030 Free I
added sweetening"
"Cranberries, frozen, in water or containing
08119035 Free I
added sweetening"
"Papayas, frozen, in water or containing added
08119040 11.2% A
sweetening"
"Pineapples, frozen, in water or containing added
08119050 0.25 cents/kg A
sweetening"
"Mangoes, frozen, whether or not previously
08119052 10.9% A
steamed or boiled"
"Melons, frozen, in water or containing added
08119055 11.2% A
sweetening"
"Fruit, nesi, frozen, whether or not previously
08119080 14.5% A
steamed or boiled"
"Cherries, provisionally preserved, but unsuitable
08121000 in that state for immediate consumption" 13.4 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Figs, provisionally preserved, but unsuitable in
08129030 2.6 cents/kg A
that state for immediate consumption"
"Pineapples, provisionally preserved, but
08129040 unsuitable in that state for immediate 0.25 cents/kg A
consumption"
"Strawberries, provisionally preserved, but
08129050 unsuitable in that state for immediate 0.8 cents/kg A
consumption"
"Fruit and nuts nesi, including mixtures
08129090 containing nuts, provisionally preserved, but not 0.1 cents/kg A
for immediate consumption"
08131000 "Apricots, dried" 1.8 cents/kg A
08132010 "Prunes and plums, soaked in brine and dried" 2 cents/kg A
"Prunes and plums, dried, (except if presoaked in
08132020 14% A
brine)"
08133000 "Apples, dried" 0.74 cents/kg A
08134010 "Papayas, dried" 1.8% A
08134015 "Barberries, dried" 3.5 cents/kg A
08134020 "Berries except barberries, dried" 1.4 cents/kg A
08134030 "Cherries, dried" 10.6 cents/kg A
08134040 "Peaches, dried" 1.4 cents/kg A
08134080 "Tamarinds, dried" 6.8% A
"Fruit nesi, dried, other than that of headings
08134090 2.5% A
0801 to 0806, and excluding mixtures"
08135000 Mixtures of nuts or dried fruits of Chapter 8 14% A
"Peel of orange or citron, fresh, frozen, dried or
08140010 provisionally preserved in brine, in sulfur water or Free I
other preservative solutions"
08140040 "Lime peel, fresh, frozen or in brine" 1.6 cents/kg A
"Peel of citrus fruit, excl. orange or citron and
08140080 peel, nesi, of melon, fresh, frozen, dried or 1.6 cents/kg A
provisionally preserved"
09011100 "Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated" Free I
09011200 "Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated" Free I
09012100 "Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated" Free I
09012200 "Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated" Free I
09019010 Coffee husks and skins Free I
09019020 Coffee substitutes containing coffee 1.5 cents/kg A
09021010 "Green tea in packages not over 3 kg, flavored" 6.4% A
"Green tea in packages not over 3 kg, not
09021090 Free I
flavored"
09022010 "Green tea in packages over 3 kg, flavored" 6.4% A
09022090 "Green tea in packages over 3 kg, not flavored" Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea,
09023000 in immediate packings of a content not exceeding Free I
3 kg"
"Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea,
09024000 other than in immediate packings of a content not Free I
exceeding 3 kg"
09030000 Mate Free I
"Pepper of the genus Piper, neither crushed nor
09041100 Free I
ground"
"Pepper of the genus Piper, crushed or ground"
09041200 Free I
09042020 "Paprika, dried or crushed or ground" 3 cents/kg A
"Anaheim and ancho pepper, dried or crushed or
09042040 5 cents/kg A
ground"
"Fruits of the genus Capsicum, other than paprika
09042060 or anaheim and ancho pepper, not ground" 2.5 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Thyme, other than crude or not manufactured"
09104030 4.8% A
"Bay leaves, other than crude or not
09104040 3.2% A
manufactured"
09105000 Curry Free I
09109100 Mixtures of spices 1.9% A
09109920 "Origanum, crude or not manufactured" Free I
"Origanum, other than crude or not
09109940 3.4% A
manufactured"
09109950 Dill Free I
09109960 "Spices, nesi" 1.9% A
10011000 Durum wheat 0.65 cents/kg A
10019010 Seed of wheat and meslin 2.8% A
10019020 Wheat & meslin other than durum or seed wheat 0.35 cents/kg A
10020000 Rye Free I
10030020 "Barley, for malting purposes" 0.1 cents/kg A
10030040 "Barley, other than for malting purposes" 0.15 cents/kg A
10040000 Oats Free I
10051000 Seed corn (maize) Free I
10059020 Yellow dent corn 0.05 cents/kg A
"Corn (maize), other than seed and yellow dent
10059040 0.25 cents/kg A
corn"
10061000 Rice in the husk (paddy or rough) 1.8 cents/kg A
10062020 "Basmati rice, husked" 0.83 cents/kg A
10062040 "Husked (brown) rice, other than Basmati" 2.1 cents/kg A
"Rice semi-milled or wholly milled, whether or
10063010 11.2% A
not polished or glazed, parboiled"
"Rice semi-milled or wholly milled, whether or
10063090 1.4 cents/kg A
not polished or glazed, other than parboiled"
10064000 Broken rice 0.44 cents/kg A
10070000 Grain sorghum 0.22 cents/kg A
10081000 Buckwheat Free I
10082000 Millet 0.32 cents/kg A
10083000 Canary seed 0.12 cents/kg A
10089000 Cereals nesi (including wild rice) 1.1% A
11010000 Wheat or meslin flour 0.7 cents/kg A
11021000 Rye flour 0.23 cents/kg A
11022000 Corn (maize) flour 0.3 cents/kg A
11023000 Rice flour 0.09 cents/kg A
11029020 Buckwheat flour Free I
11029030 "Cereal flours nesi, mixed together" 12.8% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cereal flours, other than of wheat or meslin, rye,
11029060 9% A
corn, rice or buckwheat"
11031100 Groats and meal of wheat 0.5 cents/kg A
11031300 Groats and meal of corn (maize) 0.3 cents/kg A
11031912 Groats and meal of oats 0.8 cents/kg A
11031914 Groats and meal of rice 0.09 cents/kg A
"Groats and meal of cereals other than wheat,
11031990 9% A
oats, corn (maize) or rice"
11032000 Pellets of cereals Free I
11041200 Rolled or flaked grains of oats 1.2 cents/kg A
11041910 Rolled or flaked grains of barley 2 cents/kg A
"Rolled or flaked grains of cereals, other than of
11041990 0.45 cents/kg A
barley or oats"
"Grains of oats, hulled, pearled, clipped, sliced,
11042200 kibbled or otherwise worked, but not rolled or 0.5% A
flaked"
"Grains of corn (maize), hulled, pearled, clipped,
11042300 sliced, kibbled or otherwise worked, but not rolled 0.45 cents/kg A
or flaked"
"Grains of barley, hulled, pearled, clipped, sliced,
11042910 kibbled or otherwise worked, but not rolled or 1.2% A
flaked"
"Grains of cereals other than barley, oats or corn,
11042990 hulled, pearled, clipped, sliced, kibbled or 2.7% A
otherwise worked, but not rolled or flaked"
"Germ of cereals, whole, rolled, flaked or ground"
11043000 4.5% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
11081300 Potato starch 0.56 cents/kg A
11081400 Cassava (manioc) starch Free I
"Starches other than wheat, corn (maize), potato
11081900 Free I
or cassava (manioc) starches"
11082000 Inulin 2.6% A
"Wheat gluten, whether or not dried, to be used as
11090010 1.8% A
animal feed"
"Wheat gluten, whether or not dried, to be used
11090090 6.8% A
for other than animal feed"
12010000 "Soybeans, whether or not broken" Free I
"Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or cooked, in
12021005 9.35 cents/kg A
shell, subject to gen note 15 of the HTS"
"Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or cooked, in
12021040 9.35 cents/kg A
shell, subject to add. US note 2 to Ch.12"
"Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or cooked, in
12021080 shell, not subject to gen note 15 or add. US note 2 163.8% F
to Ch.12"
"Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or cooked,
12022005 6.6 cents/kg A
shelled, subject to gen note 15 of the HTS"
"Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or cooked,
12022040 6.6 cents/kg A
shelled, subject to add. US note 2 to Ch.12"
"Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or cooked,
12022080 shelled, not subject to gen note 15 or add. US note 131.8% F
2 to Ch.12"
12030000 Copra Free I
12040000 "Flaxseed (linseed), whether or not broken" 0.39 cents/kg A
"Low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, whether or
12051000 0.58 cents/kg A
not broken"
"Rape or colza seeds (other than of low erucic
12059000 0.58 cents/kg A
acid), whether or not broken"
12060000 "Sunflower seeds, whether or not broken" Free I
12071000 "Palm nuts and kernels, whether or not broken" Free I
12072000 "Cotton seeds, whether or not broken" 0.47 cents/kg A
12073000 "Castor beans, whether or not broken" Free I
12074000 "Sesame seeds, whether or not broken" Free I
12075000 "Mustard seeds, whether or not broken" Free I
12076000 "Safflower seeds, whether or not broken" Free I
12079100 "Poppy seeds, whether or not broken" 0.06 cents/kg A
"Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits not elsewhere
12079901 Free I
specified or included, whether or not broken"
12081000 Flours and meals of soybeans 1.9% A
Flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits
12089000 1.4% A
other than those of mustard or soybeans
12091000 Sugar beet seed of a kind used for sowing Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
12092100 Alfalfa (lucerne) seed of a kind used for sowing 1.5 cents/kg A
White and ladino clover seed of a kind used for
12092220 1.6 cents/kg A
sowing
"Clover seed, other than white and ladino, of a
12092240 Free I
kind used for sowing"
12092300 Fescue seed of a kind used for sowing Free I
Kentucky blue grass seed of a kind used for
12092400 1.2 cents/kg A
sowing
12092500 Rye grass seed of a kind used for sowing 1.4 cents/kg A
12092600 Timothy grass seed of a kind used for sowing Free I
"Beet seed, other than sugar beet seed, of a kind
12092910 Free I
used for sowing"
"Seeds of forage plants of a kind used for sowing,
12092990 Free I
not elsewhere specified or included"
Seeds of herbaceous plants cultivated principally
12093000 1 cent/kg A
for their flowers
12099110 Cauliflower seeds of a kind used for sowing 5.9 cents/kg A
12099120 Celery seeds of a kind used for sowing Free I
12099140 Onion seeds of a kind used for sowing Free I
12099150 Parsley seeds of a kind used for sowing 0.68 cents/kg A
12099160 Pepper seeds of a kind used for sowing Free I
"Vegetable seeds, nesi, of a kind used for sowing"
12099180 1.5 cents/kg A
Tree and shrub seeds of a kind used for sowing
12099920 Free I
"Seeds, fruits and spores, of a kind used for
12099940 0.83 cents/kg A
sowing, nesi"
"Hop cones, fresh or dried, neither ground,
12101000 13.2 cents/kg A
powdered nor in the form of pellets"
"Hop cones, fresh or dried, ground, powdered or
12102000 13.2 cents/kg A
in the form of pellets; lupulin"
"Licorice roots, fresh or dried, of a kind used in
12111000 perfumery, in pharmacy, or for insecticidal, Free I
fungicidal or similar purposes"
"Ginseng roots, fresh or dried, of a kind used in
12112000 perfumery, in pharmacy, or for insecticidal, Free I
fungicidal or similar purposes"
"Coca leaf, of a kind used in perfumery, in
12113000 pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar Free I
purposes"
"Poppy straw, of a kind used in perfumery, in
12114000 pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar Free I
purposes"
"Mint leaves, crude or not manufactured, of a
12119020 kind used in perfumery, in pharmacy or for Free I
insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Mint leaves nesi, of a kind used in perfumery, in
12119040 pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar 4.8% A
purposes"
"Tonka beans, of a kind used in perfumery, in
12119060 pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar 6.6 cents/kg A
purposes"
"Plants and parts of plants nesoi, of a kind used in
12119090 perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, Free I
fungicidal or similar purposes"
"Locust beans, including locust bean seeds, fresh,
12121000 chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground" Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
13021921 Poppy straw extract Free I
"Ginseng; substances having anesthetic,
13021940 prophylactic or therapeutic properties, other than 1% A
poppy straw extract"
13021990 Vegetable saps and extracts nesi Free I
13022000 "Pectic substances, pectinates and pectates" Free I
13023100 Agar-agar Free I
"Mucilages and thickeners, whether or not
13023200 modified, derived from locust beans, locust bean Free I
seeds or guar seeds"
"Mucilages and thickeners derived from vegetable
products other than locust beans, locust bean
13023900 3.2% A
seeds or guar seeds, and excluding agar-agar"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Fats of bovine animals, sheep or goats, other
15020000 0.43 cents/kg A
than those of heading 1503"
"Lard stearin, lard oil, oleostearin, oleo-oil, and
15030000 tallow oil, not emulsified or mixed or otherwise 2 cents/kg A
prepared"
"Fats and oils and their fractions, of marine 1.7 cents/kg +
15043000 A
mammals" 5%
15050010 "Wool grease, crude" 1.3 cents/kg A
Fatty substances derived from wool grease
15050090 2.4% A
(including lanolin)
"Animal fats and oils and their fractions nesi,
15060000 whether or not refined, but not chemically 2.3% A
modified"
"Crude soybean oil, whether or not degummed"
15071000 19.1% A
"Pharmaceutical grade soybean oil meeting FDA
15079020 requirements for use in intravenous fat emulsions, Free I
valued over $5 per kg"
"Soybean oil, other than crude, and its fractions,
15079040 whether or not refined, but not chemically 19.1% A
modified, nesi"
15081000 Crude peanut (ground-nut) oil 7.5 cents/kg A
"Peanut (ground-nut) oil, other than crude, and its
15089000 fractions, whether or not refined, but not 7.5 cents/kg A
chemically modified"
"Virgin olive oil and its fractions, whether or not 5 cents/kg on
15091020 refined, not chemically modified, weighing with contents and A
the immediate container under 18 kg" container
"Virgin olive oil and its fractions, whether or not
15091040 refined, not chemically modified, weighing with 3.4 cents/kg A
the immediate container 18 kg or over"
"Olive oil, other than virgin olive oil, and its 5 cents/kg on
15099020 fractions, not chemically modified, weighing with contents and A
the immediate container under 18 kg" container
"Olive oil, other than virgin olive oil, and its
15099040 fractions, not chemically modified, weighing with 3.4 cents/kg A
the immediate container 18 kg or over"
"Olive oil, including blends, and their fractions,
15100020 not chemically modified, rendered unfit for use as Free I
food"
"Edible oil including blends, and their fractions, 5 cents/kg on
15100040 nesi, not chemically modified, weighing under 18 contents and A
kg" container
"Edible oil including blends, and their fractions,
15100060 nesi, not chemically modified, weighing 18 kg or 3.4 cents/kg A
over"
"Palm oil, crude, and its fractions, whether or not
15111000 Free I
refined, not chemically modified"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Palm oil, other than crude, and its fractions,
15119000 whether or not refined, but not chemically Free I
modified"
"Sunflower-seed or safflower oil, crude, and their
1.7 cents/kg +
15121100 fractions, whether or not refined, not chemically A
3.4%
modified"
"Sunflower seed or safflower oil, other than crude,
1.7 cents/kg +
15121900 and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not A
3.4%
chemically modified"
"Cottonseed oil, crude, and its fractions, whether
15122100 5.6 cents/kg A
or not gossypol has been removed"
"Cottonseed oil, other than crude, and its
15122900 fractions, whether or not refined, but not 5.6 cents/kg A
chemically modified"
"Coconut (copra) oil, crude, and its fractions, not
15131100 Free I
chemically modified"
"Coconut (copra) oil, other than crude, and its
15131900 fractions, whether or not refined, but not Free I
chemically modified"
"Palm kernel or babassu oil, crude, and their
15132100 Free I
fractions, not chemically modified"
"Palm kernel oil or babassu oil, other than crude,
15132900 and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not Free I
chemically modified"
"Low erucic acid rapeseed or colza oil, crude, but
15141100 6.4% A
not chemically modified"
"Low erucic acid rapeseed or colza oil, other than
15141900 crude, and their fractions, whether or not refined, 6.4% A
but not chemically modified"
"Rapeseed/colza (not low erucic) or mustard oil,
for use in manufacture of rubber substitutes or
15149110 Free I
lubricating oil, crude, not chem modified"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Linseed oil, other than crude, and its fractions,
15151900 whether or not refined, not chemically modified" 6.3 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Animal or vegetable fats and oils, nesi, oxidized,
dehydrated or otherwise chemically modified;
15180040 8% A
inedible mixtures of fats and oils nesi"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Prepared or preserved pork offal, including
16024910 3.2% A
mixtures"
"Pork other than ham and shoulder and cuts
thereof, not containing cereals or vegetables,
16024920 4.2 cents/kg A
boned and cooked and packed in airtight
containers"
"Prepared or preserved pork, not containing
16024940 1.4 cents/kg A
cereals or vegetables, nesi"
16024960 Prepared or preserved pork mixed with beef 3.2% A
16024990 "Prepared or preserved pork, nesi" 6.4% A
16025005 Prepared or preserved offal of bovine animals 2.3% A
"Prepared or preserved meat of bovine animals,
16025009 cured or pickled, not containing cereals or 4.5% A
vegetables"
16025010 Corned beef in airtight containers Free I
"Prepared or preserved beef in airtight containers,
16025020 other than corned beef, not containing cereals or 1.4% A
vegetables"
"Prepared or preserved meat of bovine animals,
16025060 not containing cereals or vegetables, nesi" 1.8% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cane sugar, raw, in solid form, w/o added
1.4606 cents/kg
flavoring or coloring, subject to add. US 5 to
less 0.020668
Ch.17"
cents/kg for each
degree under
100 degrees (and
17011110 fractions of a A
degree in
proportion) not
less than than
0.943854
cents/kg
"Cane sugar, raw, in solid form, to be used for
1.4606 cents/kg
certain polyhydric alcohols"
less 0.020668
cents/kg for each
degree under
100 degrees (and
17011120 fractions of a A
degree in
proportion) but
not less than
0.943854
cents/kg
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Beet sugar, raw, in solid form, w/o added 3.6606 cents/kg
flavoring or coloring, subject to add. US 5 to less 0.020668
Ch.17" cents/kg for each
degree under
100 degrees (and
17011210 fractions of a A
degree in
proportion) but
not less than
3.143854
cents/kg
"Beet sugar, raw, in solid form, w/o added See paragraph 6 of
flavoring or coloring, nesoi, not subject to gen. Appendix I to the General
17011250 note 15 or add. US 5 to Ch.17" 35.74 cents/kg Notes of the Schedule of
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, solid, 3.6606 cents/kg
w/added coloring but not flav., subject to gen. less 0.020668
note 15 of the HTS" cents/kg for each
degree under
100 degrees (and
17019105 fractions of a A
degree in
proportion) but
not less than
3.143854
cents/kg
"Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, solid,
3.6606 cents/kg
w/added coloring but not flav., subject to add. US
less 0.020668
5 to Ch.17"
cents/kg for each
degree under
100 degrees (and
17019110 fractions of a A
degree in
proportion) but
not less than
3.143854
cents/kg
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, solid,
17019142 w/added flavoring, o/65% by wt. sugar, descr. in 6% A
Ch17 US note 2, subj. to gen nte 15"
"Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, solid,
w/added flavoring, o/65% by wt. sugar, descr. in
17019144 6% A
Ch17 US note 2, subj. to Ch17 US nte 7"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, solid, 3.6606 cents/kg
w/o added coloring or flavoring, subject to add. less 0.020668
US 5 to Ch.17" cents/kg for each
degree under
100 degrees (and
17019910 fractions of a A
degree in
proportion) but
not less than
3.143854
cents/kg
"Cane/beet sugar & pure sucrose, refined, solid,
w/o added coloring or flavoring, not subject to
gen. note 15 or add. US 5 to Ch.17"
See paragraph 6 of
Appendix I to the General
17019950 35.74 cents/kg Notes of the Schedule of
the United States to Annex
3.3
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Glucose & glucose syrup nt containing or
containing in dry state less than 20% fructose;
17023024 6% A
blended, see add'l U.S. note 9 (chap. 17) & Prov."
"Oth fructose & fruc. syrup contng in dry state See paragraph 6 of
>50% by wt. of fructose, blended syrup(see add'l 33.9 cents/kg of Appendix I to the General
17026028 U.S. note 4-chap 17), nesoi" total sugars + Notes of the Schedule of
5.1% the United States to Annex
3.3
"Glucose and glucose syrup, w/50% or more
17026040 fructose, other than blended syrups described in 5.1% A
add. US note 4 to Ch.17"
"Cane/beet sugars & syrups (incl. invert sugar);
3.6606 cents/kg
17029005 nesoi, w/soluble non-sugar solids 6% or less A
of total sugars
soluble solids, subj to GN 15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cane/beet sugars & syrups (incl. invert sugar);
3.6606 cents/kg
17029010 nesoi, w/soluble non-sugar solids 6% or less A
of total sugars
soluble solids, subj Ch17 US note 5"
"Cane/beet sugars & syrups (incl. invert sugar); See paragraph 6 of
nesoi, w/soluble non-sugar solids 6% or less Appendix I to the General
17029020 soluble solids, not subj to GN15/Ch17 US nte 5" 35.74 cents/kg Notes of the Schedule of
the United States to Annex
3.3
17029035 Invert molasses 0.35 cents/liter A
17029040 Other cane/beet syrups nesi 0.35 cents/liter A
"Sugar syrups, artificial honey, caramel, nesoi,
17029052 6% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Blended syrups described in add. US note 4 to
17029054 chap. 17, nesoi, subject to add. US note 9 to Ch. 6% A
17"
"Blended syrups described in add. US note 4 to See paragraph 6 of
chap. 17, nesoi, not subject to add. US note 9 to 33.9 cents/kg of Appendix I to the General
17029058 Ch. 17" total sugars + Notes of the Schedule of
5.1% the United States to Annex
3.3
"Sugars nesoi w/o 65% by dry wt. sugar,
17029064 described in add. U.S note 2 to Ch.17: and subj. to 6% A
add. US note 7 to Ch.17"
"Sugars nesoi w/o 65% by dry wt. sugar, See paragraph 6 of
described in add. U.S note 2 to Ch.17: and not Appendix I to the General
33.9 cents/kg +
17029068 subj. to add. US note 7 to Ch.17" Notes of the Schedule of
5.1%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Sugars and sugar syrups, and articles containing
17029090 5.1% A
sugar, neosi"
Cane molasses imported for (a) the commercial
17031030 0.35 cents/liter A
extraction of sugar or (b) human consumption
Cane molasses nesi 0.01 cents/kg of
17031050 A
total sugars
"Molasses, other than cane, imported for (a) the
17039030 commercial extraction of sugar or (b) human 0.35 cents/liter A
consumption"
Molasses nesi 0.01 cents/kg of
17039050 A
total sugars
"Chewing gum, not containing cocoa, whether or
17041000 4% A
not sugar-coated"
17049010 "Candied nuts, not containing cocoa" 4.5% A
"Sugar confectionary cough drops, not containing
17049025 Free I
cocoa"
"Sugar confections or sweetmeats ready for
17049035 consumption, not containing cocoa, other than 5.6% A
candied nuts or cough drops"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Sugar confectionery nesoi, not containing cocoa,
17049052 12.2% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Sugar confectionery nesoi, w/o cocoa, dairy
17049054 products subject to add. US note 1 to chap. 4: 12.2% A
subject to add US note 10 to chapter 4"
"Sugar confectionery nesoi, w/o cocoa, dairy
40 cents/kg +
17049058 products subject to add. US note 1 to chap. 4: not E
10.4%
subject to add US note 10 to chapter 4"
"Sugar confectionery nesoi o/65% by dry wt. of
17049064 sugar described in add. US note 2 to Ch. 17, w/o 12.2% A
cocoa, subj. to add. US note 7 to Ch.17"
"Sugar confectionery nesoi o/65% by dry wt. of See paragraph 6 of
sugar described in add. US note 2 to Ch. 17, w/o Appendix I to the General
40 cents/kg +
17049068 cocoa, not subj. to Ch17 US note 7" Notes of the Schedule of
10.4%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Sugar confectionery nesoi o/10% by dry wt. of
17049074 sugar described in add. US note 3 to Ch. 17, w/o 12.2% A
cocoa, subj. to add. US note 8 to Ch.17"
"Sugar confectionery nesoi o/10% by dry wt. of See paragraph 6 of
sugar described in add. US note 3 to Ch. 17, w/o Appendix I to the General
40 cents/kg +
17049078 cocoa, not subj. to Ch17 US note 8" Notes of the Schedule of
10.4%
the United States to Annex
3.3
17049090 "Sugar confectionery, w/o cocoa, nesoi" 10.4% A
"Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted"
18010000 Free I
"Cocoa shells, husks, skins and other cocoa
18020000 Free I
waste"
18031000 "Cocoa paste, not defatted" Free I
18032000 "Cocoa paste, wholly or partly defatted" 0.2 cents/kg A
18040000 "Cocoa butter, fat and oil" Free I
"Cocoa powder, not containing added sugar or
18050000 0.52 cents/kg A
other sweetening matter"
"Cocoa powder, sweetened, w/less than 65% by
18061005 dry wt. sugar, subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS" Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cocoa powder, o/65% but less than 90% by dry
18061022 wt of sugar, subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS" 10% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Chocolate, ov 2kg, cont. milk solids, not in
52.8 cents/kg +
18062028 blocks 4.5 kg or more, not GN15, ov 5.5 pc bf ov E
4.3%
21 pc milk solids"
"Chocolate, ov 2kg, cont. milk solids, not in
18062034 blocks 4.5 kg or more, not ov 5.5 pc bf, subj. to 5% A
add US note 3 to Ch. 18, not GN15"
"Chocolate, ov 2kg, cont. milk solids, not in
37.2 cents/kg +
18062036 blocks 4.5 kg or more, less than 21 pc milk solids, E
4.3%
not subj. to Ch18 US note 3/GN15"
"Chocolate, ov 2kg, cont. milk solids, not in
52.8 cents/kg +
18062038 blocks 4.5 kg or more, 21 pc or more milk solids, E
4.3%
not GN15"
"Chocolate, ov 2kg, cont. milk solids, not in
18062050 4.3% A
blocks 4.5 kg or more, no milk solids, not GN15"
"Confectioners' coatings & other products, not
18062060 less than 6.8% non-fat solids of the cocoa bean 2% A
nib and not less than 15% vegetable fats"
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o
18062067 4.5 kg, o/65% by wt of sugar, subject to gen. note 10% A
15 of the HTS"
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o
18062071 4.5 kg, o/65% by wt of sugar, desc in add US nte 10% A
2 to Ch. 17: subj. to add note 7 to Ch. 17"
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o See paragraph 6 of
4.5 kg, o/65% by wt of sugar, desc in Ch17 US Appendix I to the General
30.5 cents/kg +
18062073 nte 2, not subj. to Ch17 US note 7" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o
18062075 4.5 kg, o/65% by wt of sugar, desc in add US nte 10% A
3 to Ch. 17: subj. to Ch17 US note 8"
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o See paragraph 6 of
4.5 kg, o/65% by wt of sugar, desc in add US nte Appendix I to the General
30.5 cents/kg +
18062077 3 to Ch. 17: not subj. to Ch17 US note 8" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o
18062078 8.5% A
4.5 kg, o/65% by wt of sugar, neosi"
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o
18062079 4.5 kg, n/o 65% by wt of sugar, not in blocks 4.5 10% A
kg or more, subj to GN 15"
"Chocolate/oth preps with cocoa, ov 2kg but n/o
4.5 kg, (dairy prod. descr. in Ch.4 US note 1), n/o
18062081 10% A
65% sugar, subj to Ch.4 nte 10, not GN15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Chocolate/oth preps w/cocoa, o/2kg but n/o4.5
37.2 cents/kg +
18062082 kg (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note 1), n/o 65% sugar, E
8.5%
less th 21% milk solid, not GN15"
"Chocolate/oth preps w/cocoa, o/2kg but n/o4.5
52.8 cents/kg +
18062083 kg (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note 10), n/o 65% E
8.5%
sugar, 21% or more milk solids, not GN15"
"Low-fat chocoate crumb, n/o 65% by wt of sugar,
18062085 ov 2kg but n/o 4.5 kg, subject to add US note 3 to 10% A
Ch. 18, not GN15"
"Low-fat chocolate crumb, n/o 65% by wt of
sugar, ov 2kg but n/o 4.5 kg, less than 21% milk 37.2 cents/kg +
18062087 E
8.5%
solids, not GN15, not subj to ch 18 US note 3"
"Low-fat chocolate crumb, n/o 65% by wt of
52.8 cents/kg +
18062089 sugar, 21% or more milk solids, not ov 2kg, not E
8.5%
GN15, not subj to ch 18 US note 3"
"Blended syrups w/chocolate or cocoa, o/2kg but
18062091 n/o 4.5 kg, n/o 65% sugar, descr in Ch17 US note 10% A
4, subj. to Ch17 US note 9, not GN15"
"Blended syrups w/chocolate or cocoa, o/2kg but See paragraph 6 of
n/o 4.5 kg, n/o 65% sugar, descr in Ch 17 US Appendix I to the General
37.2 cents/kg +
18062094 note 4, not subj. to Cha7 US note 9, not GN15" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Chocolate and preps w/cocoa, nesoi, o/2kg but
18062095 n/o 4.5 kg, n/o 65% sugar, desc in Ch17 US note 10% A
3, subj. to Ch17 US note 8, not GN15"
"Chocolate and preps w/cocoa, neosi, o/2kg but See paragraph 6 of
n/o 4.5 kg, n/o 65% sugar, desc in Ch17 US note Appendix I to the General
37.2 cents/kg +
18062098 3, not subj to Ch.17 US note 8, not GN15" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Chocolate and preps with cocoa, nesoi, ov 2kg
18062099 8.5% A
but n/o 4.5 kg, n/o 65% sugar, nesoi"
"Chocolate and other cocoa preparations, in
18063100 5.6% A
blocks, slabs or bars, filled, not in bulk"
"Chocolate, nt filled, in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or
18063201 5% A
less, subj. to GN15"
"Chocolate, nt filled, in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or
18063204 5% A
less, subj. to add US note 2 to Ch. 18"
"Chocolate, not filled, less than 21% milk solids, 37.2 cents/kg +
18063206 E
in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or less" 4.3%
"Chocolate, not filled, 21% or more milk solids, 52.8 cents/kg +
18063208 E
in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or less" 4.3%
"Chocolate, not filled, in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or
18063214 5% A
less, subj. to add US note 3 to Ch. 18"
"Chocolate, not filled, less than 21% milk solids, 37.2 cents/kg +
18063216 C
in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or less" 4.3%
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Chocolate, not filled, 21% or more milk solids, 52.8 cents/kg +
18063218 E
in blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or less" 4.3%
"Chocolate, not filled, w/o butterfat/milk solids, in
18063230 4.3% A
blocks/slabs/bars 2kg or less"
"Cocoa preps, not filled, in blocks, slabs or bars
18063255 weighing 2 kg or less, subject to gen. note 15 of 7% A
the HTS"
"Cocoa preps, (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note 1), not
18063260 filled, in blocks, slabs or bars, w/wt 2 kg or less, 7% A
subj. to add. US note 10 to Ch 4"
"Cocoa preps, (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note 1), less
than 21% milk solids, not filled, in 37.2 cents/kg +
18063270 C
blocks/slabs/bars, 2 kg or less, not Ch.4 US nte 6%
10"
"Cocoa preps, (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note 1),
21% or more milk solids, not filled, in 52.8 cents/kg +
18063280 E
blocks/slabs/bars, 2 kg or less, not Ch.4 US nte 6%
10"
"Cocoa preps, not filled, in blocks, slabs or bars
18063290 6% A
weighing 2kg or less,"
"Cocoa preps, not in blocks/slabs/bars, subj. to
18069001 3.5% A
gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Cocoa preps, (dairy prod. descr. in add US note 1
18069005 to Ch.4), not in blocks, slabs or bars, subj. to add. 3.5% A
US note 10 to Ch 4, not GN15"
"Cocoa preps, (dairy prod. descr. in add US note 1
37.2 cents/kg +
18069008 to Ch.4), less than 21% milk solids, not in blocks, E
6%
slabs or bars, not GN15"
"Cocoa preps, (dairy prod. descr. in Ch4 US note
52.8 cents/kg +
18069010 1), 21% or more milk solids, not in blocks, slabs E
6%
or bars, not Ch4 USNote 10, not GN15"
"Cocoa preps, o/5.5% butterfat by wt, not in
18069015 blocks/slabs/bars, subj. to add US note 2 to Ch. 3.5% A
18, not GN15"
"Cocoa preps, o/5.5% butterfat by wt, w/less than
37.2 cents/kg +
18069018 21% milk solids, not in blocks/slabs/bars, not E
6%
GN15"
"Cocoa preps, o/5.5% butterfat by wt, 21% or
52.8 cents/kg +
18069020 more milk solids, not in blocks/slabs/bars, not E
6%
GN15"
"Cocoa preps, cont. milk solids, n/o 5.5%
18069025 butterfat by wt, not in blocks/slabs/bars, subj. to 3.5% A
add US note 3 to Ch. 18, not GN15"
"Cocoa preps, cont. milk solids, n/o 5.5%
butterfat by wt, w/less than 21% milk solids, not 37.2 cents/kg +
18069028 C
blocks/slabs/bars, not Ch18 US note 3, not GN15" 6%
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cocoa preps, cont. milk solids, n/o 5.5%
butterfat by wt, 21% or more milk solids, not in 52.8 cents/kg +
18069030 E
blocks/slabs/bars, not Ch18 US note 3, not GN15" 6%
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Preps for infant use, for retail sale, n/o 10% milk
19011055 17.5% A
solids, subject to gen. note 15"
"Infant formula w/oligossaccharides, for retail
19011060 sale, n/o 10% milk solids, subject to add US note 17.5% A
2 to Ch. 19, not GN15"
"Infant formula w/oligossaccharides, for retail
$1.035/kg +
19011075 sale, n/o 10% milk solids, not subject to add US E
14.9%
note 2 to Ch. 19, not GN15"
"Preps for infant use (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note
19011080 1), retail sale, n/o 10% milk solids, subject to add 17.5% A
US note 10 to Ch. 4, not GN15"
"Preps for infant use (dairy prod. of Ch4 US note
$1.035/kg +
19011085 1), retail sale, n/o 10% milk solids, not subject to E
14.9%
add US note 10 to Ch. 4, not GN15"
"Preps for infant use (not dairy prod. of Ch4 US
19011095 note 1), retail sale, n/o 10% milk solids, nesoi" 14.9% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Mixes for bakers wares (dairy prod. of Ch4 US
42.3 cents/kg +
19012050 note 1), n/o 25% bf, not retail, not subj. to add. E
8.5%
US nte 10 to Ch.4, not GN15"
"Mixes for bakers wares, o/65% sugar, n/o 25%
19012055 bf, not retail, descr in add US note 2 to Ch. 17: 10% A
subj. to Ch17 US nte 7, not GN15"
"Mixes for bakers wares, o/65% sugar, n/o 25% See paragraph 6 of
bf, not retail, descr in add US note 2 to Ch. 17: Appendix I to the General
42.3 cents/kg +
19012060 not subj. to Ch17 US nte 7, not GN15" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Mixes for bakers wares, n/o 25% bf, not retail,
19012065 descr in add US note 1 to Ch. 19: subj. to add. US 10% A
nte 3 to Ch.19, not GN15"
"Mixes for bakers wares, n/o 25% bf, not retail, See paragraph 6 of
descr in add US note 1 to Ch. 19: not subj. to add. Appendix I to the General
42.3 cents/kg +
19012070 US nte 3 to Ch.19, not GN15" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Mixes for bakers wares, n/o 25% bf, not retail,
19012080 8.5% A
nesoi"
19019010 "Malt extract, fluid" 3.2 cents/liter A
19019020 "Malt extract, solid or condensed" 9.6% A
"Puddings, ready for immediate consumption
19019025 Free I
without further preparation"
"Dry mix. w/less than 31% bf & 17.5% or more
19019028 sodium caseinate, bf, whey solids o/5.5% b'fat & 0.37 cents/kg A
dry whole milk, n/cntng dry milk/whey/b'fat"
19019032 Cajeta not made from cow's milk 11.2% A
Margarine cheese subject to gen. note 15 of the
19019033 HTS and entered pursuant to its provisions 10% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Dairy preps o/10% by wt of milk solids (descr. in
$1.035/kg +
19019043 add US note 1 to Ch. 4), neosi, not subject to gen E
13.6%
note 15 or add US note 10 to Ch.4"
"Dairy preps n/o 10% by wt of milk solids (descr.
19019044 in add US note 1 to Ch. 4), neosi, subject to gen. 16% A
note 15 of the HTS"
"Dairy preps n/o 10% by wt of milk solids (descr.
19019046 in add US note 1 to Ch. 4), neosi, subject to add 16% A
US note 10 to Ch.4"
"Dairy preps n/o 10% by wt of milk solids (descr.
in add US note 1 to Ch. 4), neosi, not subject to $1.035/kg +
19019047 E
gen note 15 or add US note 10 to Ch.4" 13.6%
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Stuffed pasta, whether or not cooked or
19022000 6.4% A
otherwise prepared"
19023000 Pasta nesi 6.4% A
19024000 "Couscous, whether or not prepared" 6.4% A
"Tapioca and substitutes prepared from arrowroot,
cassava or sago, in the form of flakes, grains,
19030020 Free I
pearls, siftings or in similar forms"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Capers, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019020 8% A
acetic acid, nesi"
"Artichokes, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019025 10.2% A
acetic acid"
"Beans, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic
20019030 5.8% A
acid"
20019033 "Nopalitos, preserved by vinegar" 7.7% A
"Onions, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019034 3.6% A
acetic acid"
"Pimientos, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019035 8.1% A
acetic acid"
"Vegetables (including olives) nesoi, prepared or
20019038 9.6% A
preserved by vinegar or acetic acid"
"Chestnuts, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019042 4.9 cents/kg A
acetic acid"
"Mangoes, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019045 1.5 cents/kg A
acetic acid"
"Chinese water chestnuts, prepared or preserved
20019048 9.6% A
by vinegar or acetic acid"
"Walnuts, prepared or preserved by vinegar or
20019050 7 cents/kg A
acetic acid"
"Fruits, nuts, and other edible parts of plants,
20019060 nesi, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic 14% A
acid"
"Tomatoes, whole or in pieces, prepared or
20021000 preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic 12.5% A
acid"
"Tomato prep/pres ex by vinegar/acetic acid,
20029040 11.6% A
powder"
"Tomatoes prepared or preserved otherwise than
20029080 11.6% A
by vinegar or acetic acid, nesoi"
"Mushrooms of the genus Agaricus, prepared or 6 cents/kg on
20031001 preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic drained weight + A
acid" 8.5%
"Truffles, prepared or preserved otherwise than by
20032000 Free I
vinegar or acetic acid"
"Mushrooms other than of the genus Agaricus, 6 cents/kg on
20039000 prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar drained weight + A
or acetic acid" 8.5%
"Yellow (Solano) potatoes, prepared or preserved
20041040 otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid, frozen" 6.4% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Beans, prepared or preserved otherwise than by 2.1 cents/kg on
20049080 vinegar or acetic acid, frozen" entire contents A
of container
"Vegetables and mixtures of vegetables, nesoi,
20049085 prepared or preserved other than by vinegar or 11.2% A
acetic acid, frozen, not preserved by sugar"
"Homogenized vegetables, prepared or preserved
20051000 otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid, not 11.2% A
frozen"
"Potato preparations, prepared or preserved
20052000 otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid, not 6.4% A
frozen"
"Peas, prepared or preserved otherwise than by
20054000 Free I
vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen"
"Black-eye cowpeas, shelled, prepared or 1.5 cents/kg on
20055120 preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic entire contents A
acid, not frozen" of container
"Beans other than black-eye cowpeas, shelled, 2.1 cents/kg on
20055140 prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar entire contents A
or acetic acid, not frozen" of container
"Beans, not shelled, prepared or preserved 1.5 cents/kg on
20055900 otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid, not entire contents A
frozen" of container
"Asparagus, prepared or preserved otherwise than
20056000 14.9% A
by vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen"
"Olives, green, not pitted, in saline, ripe, in
5.4 cents/kg on
20057002 containers holding 13 kg or less, aggregate A
drained weight
quantity not to exceed 730 m ton/yr"
"Olives, green, not pitted, in saline, ripe, in
3.7 cents/kg on
20057004 containers holding 13 kg or less, aggregate B
drained weight
quantity exceeding 730 m ton/yr"
"Olives, green, not pitted, in saline, not ripe, in
3.7 cents/kg on
20057006 containers holding o/8 kg for repkg, subject to A
drained weight
add. US note 4 to Ch. 20"
"Olives, green, not pitted, in saline, not ripe, in
3.7 cents/kg on
20057008 containers holding o/8 kg for repkg, not subject to B
drained weight
add. US note 4 to Ch. 20"
"Olives, green, not pitted, in saline, not ripe" 3.7 cents/kg on
20057012 A
drained weight
"Olives, green, in saline, place packed, stuffed, in
5.4 cents/kg on
20057016 containers holding n/o 1 kg, aggregate quantity A
drained weight
n/o 2700 m ton/yr"
"Olives, green, in saline, place packed, stuffed, in
6.9 cents/kg on
20057018 containers holding n/o 1 kg, aggregate quantity B
drained weight
o/2700 m ton/yr"
"Olives, green, in saline, place packed, stuffed, 6.9 cents/kg on
20057023 A
not in containers holding 1 kg or less" drained weight
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Olives, green, in a saline solution, pitted or 8.6 cents/kg on
20057025 A
stuffed, not place packed" drained weight
"Olives (not green), in a saline solution, canned, 9.3 cents/kg on
20057050 A
not pitted" drained weight
"Olives (not green), in a saline solution, canned,
10.1 cents/kg on
20057060 pitted" A
drained weight
"Olives (not green), in a saline solution, in
9.9 cents/kg on
20057070 airtight containers of glass or metal but not A
drained weight
canned"
"Olives (not green), in a saline solution, not 4.3 cents/kg on
20057075 A
canned, nesi" drained weight
"Olives, green, container less 13 kg, quota of 550
m tons/year, prepared or preserved otherwise than 5.5 cents/kg on
20057091 A
by vinegar/acetic acid, not in saline" drained weight
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Chickpeas (garbanzos), prepared or preserved 0.8 cents/kg on
20059085 otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid, not entire contents A
frozen" of container
"Vegetables nesoi,& mixtures of
vegetables,prepared or preserved otherwise than
20059097 11.2% A
by vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen, not
preserved by sugar"
"Cherries, preserved by sugar (drained, glace or 9.9 cents/kg +
20060020 A
crystallized)" 6.4%
"Ginger root, preserved by sugar (drained, glace
20060030 2.4% A
or crystallized)"
"Pineapples, preserved by sugar (drained, glace or
20060040 2.1% A
crystallized)"
"Mixtures of vegetables, fruit, nuts, fruit-peel or
20060050 other parts of plants, preserved by sugar (drained, 16% A
glace or crystallized)"
"Citrus fruit or peel of citrus or other fruit, except
20060060 mixtures, preserved by sugar (drained, glace or 6 cents/kg A
crystallized)"
"Fruit nesi, and nuts, except mixtures, preserved
20060070 by sugar (drained, glace or crystallized)" 8% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Guava and mango pastes and purees, being
20079950 1.3% A
cooked preparations"
"Papaya pastes and purees, being cooked
20079955 14% A
preparations"
"Strawberry pastes and purees, being cooked
20079960 12% A
preparations"
"Fruit pastes and purees, nesi, and nut pastes and
20079965 10% A
purees, being cooked preparations"
20079970 Currant and berry fruit jellies 1.4% A
20079975 "Fruit jellies, other than currant and berry" 3.2% A
"Peanut butter and paste, subject to gen. note 15
20081102 Free I
of the HTS"
"Peanut butter and paste, subject to add. US note
20081105 Free I
5 to Ch. 20, not GN15"
"Peanut butter and paste, nesoi, not subject to gen
20081115 131.8% F
note 15 or add US note 5 to Ch. 20"
"Blanched peanuts, subject to gen. note 15 of the
20081122 6.6 cents/kg A
HTS"
"Blanched peanuts, subject to add. US note 2 to
20081125 6.6 cents/kg A
Ch. 12, not GN15"
"Blanched peanuts, nesoi, not subject to gen note
20081135 131.8% F
15 or add US note 2 to Ch. 12"
"Peanuts, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesoi,
20081142 6.6 cents/kg A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Peanuts, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesoi,
20081145 subject to add. US note 2 to chap. 12, not GN15" 6.6 cents/kg A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Other nuts and seeds nesi, excluding mixtures,
20081990 otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi" 17.9% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Cherries, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi" 6.9 cents/kg +
20086000 A
4.5%
"Nectarines, otherwise prepared or preserved, not
20087010 16% A
elsewhere specified or included"
"Peaches (excluding nectarines), otherwise
20087020 prepared or preserved, not elsewhere specified or 17% A
included"
"Strawberries, otherwise prepared or preserved,
20088000 11.9% A
nesi"
"Palm hearts, otherwise prepared or preserved,
20089100 0.9% A
nesi"
"Mixtures of fruit or edible parts of plants, in
20089210 airtight cont. excl. apricots, citrus, peaches or 5.6% A
pears (incl. canned tropical fruit salad)"
"Mixtures of fruit or other edible parts of plants,
20089290 otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi (excluding 14.9% A
tropical fruit salad)"
"Apples, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi"
20089905 0.9 cents/kg A
"Avocados, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi"
20089910 10.6 cents/kg A
"Banana pulp, otherwise prepared or preserved,
20089913 3.4% A
nesi"
"Bananas, other than pulp, otherwise prepared or
20089915 0.8% A
preserved, nesi"
"Blueberries, otherwise prepared or preserved,
20089918 2.2% A
nesi."
"Berries, other than blueberries and strawberries,
20089920 otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi" 4.5% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Plums (including prune plums and sloes),
20089960 11.2% A
otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi"
"Soybeans, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi"
20089961 3.8% A
"Sweet ginger, otherwise prepared or preserved,
20089963 4.4% A
nesi"
"Yucca, otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi"
20089965 7.9% A
"Chinese water chestnuts, otherwise prepared or
20089970 preserved, frozen, not elsewhere specified or 11.2% A
included"
"Chinese water chestnuts, otherwise prepared or
20089971 preserved, not frozen, not elsewhere specified or Free I
included"
"Pulp of fruit nesi, and other edible parts of plants
20089980 nesi, excluding mixtures, otherwise prepared or 9.6% A
preserved, nesi"
"Fruit nesi, and other edible parts of plants nesi,
20089990 other than pulp and excluding mixtures, 6% A
otherwise prepared or preserved, nesi"
"Orange juice, frozen, unfermented and not
20091100 7.85 cents/liter A
containing added spirit"
"Orange juice, not frozen, Brix value not exceed
20, not concentrate & not made from juice degree
20091225 4.5 cents/liter A
concentration of 1.5 or >, unfermented"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Lime juice, of a Brix value exceeding 20, unfit
20093910 1.8 cents/kg A
for beverage purposes, unfermented"
"Lime juice, of a Brix value exceeding 20, fit for
20093920 1.7 cents/liter A
beverage purposes, unfermented"
"Citrus juice of any single citrus fruit (other than
20093960 orange, grapefruit or lime), of a Brix value 7.9 cents/liter A
exceeding 20, unfermented"
"Pineapple juice, of a Brix value not exceeding
20094120 20, not concentrated, or not having a degree of 4.2 cents/liter A
concentration of > 3.5, unfermented"
"Pineapple juice, of a Brix value not exceeding
20094140 20, concentrated (in degree of concentration 1 cent/liter A
greater than 3.5), unfermented"
"Pineapple juice, of a Brix value exceeding 20,
20094920 not concentrated, or not having a degree of 4.2 cents/liter A
concentration of > 3.5, unfermented"
"Pineapple juice, of a Brix value exceeding 20,
20094940 concentrated (in degree of concentration greater 1 cent/liter A
than 3.5)"
"Tomato juice, concentrated or not concentrated"
20095000 0.14 cents/liter A
"Grape juice (including grape must), of a Brix
20096100 4.4 cents/liter A
value not exceeding 30, unfermented"
"Grape juice (including grape must), of a Brix
20096900 4.4 cents/liter A
value exceeding 30, unfermented"
"Apple juice, of a Brix value not exceeding 20,
20097100 Free I
unfermented"
"Apple juice, of a Brix value exceeding 20,
20097900 Free I
unfermented"
20098020 "Pear juice, concentrated or not concentrated" Free I
"Prune juice, concentrated or not concentrated"
20098040 0.64 cents/liter A
"Juice of any other single fruit, nesi, (including
20098060 cherries and berries), concentrated or not 0.5 cents/liter A
concentrated"
"Juice of any single vegetable, other than tomato,
20098080 0.2 cents/liter A
concentrated or not concentrated"
"Mixtures of vegetable juices, concentrated or not
20099020 0.2 cents/liter A
concentrated"
"Mixtures of fruit juices, or mixtures of vegetable
20099040 and fruit juices, concentrated or not concentrated" 7.4 cents/liter A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Blend syrup (Ch17 add US note 4) preparation
w/basis of extract,essence or concentrate or
21011234 w/basis of coffee,subj. quota of Ch17 add US nte 10% A
9"
"Blend syrup (Ch17 add US note 4) preparation See paragraph 6 of
w/basis of extract, essence or concentrate or w/ Appendix I to the General
30.5 cents/kg +
21011238 basis of coffee, over Ch17 add US note 9 quota" Notes of the Schedule of
8.5%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Preparation ov 65% sugar (Ch17 add US nte 2)
w/basis of extract,essence or concentrate or
21011244 w/basis of coffee,subj. quota of Ch17 add US nte 10% A
7"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Preparation ov 65% sugar (Ch17 add US nte 2)
w/basis extract/essence/concentrate or w/basis of
21012044 10% A
tea or mate,subj. quota of Ch17 add US note 7"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Mixed condiments and mixed seasonings See paragraph 6 of
(described in add US note 3 to Ch. 21), not Appendix I to the General
30.5 cents/kg +
21039078 subject to gen note 15 or add. US note 8(a) to Notes of the Schedule of
6.4%
Ch.17" the United States to Annex
3.3
"Mixed condiments and mixed seasonings, not
21039080 6.4% A
described in add US note 3 to Ch. 21"
21039090 "Sauces and preparations therefor, neosi" 6.4% A
21041000 Soups and broths and preparations therefor 3.2% A
21042000 Homogenized composite food preparations 2.5% A
"Ice cream, whether or not w/cocoa, subject to
21050005 20% A
gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Ice cream, whether or not w/cocoa, subject to
21050010 20% A
add. US note 5 to Ch. 21, not GN15"
"Ice cream, whether or not containing cocoa, not See paragraph 5 of
subject to gen note 15 or add. US note 5 to Ch.21" Appendix I to the General
50.2 cents/kg +
21050020 Notes of the Schedule of See Annex 3.17
17%
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Edible ice (dairy prod. described in add US note
21050025 1 to Ch. 4), subject to gen note 15 of the HTS" 20% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Compound alcoholic preparations used in the
8.4 cents/kg +
21069015 manufacture of beverages, cont. over 20% not A
1.9%
over 50% of alcohol by weight"
"Compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used
17 cents/kg +
21069018 for the manufacture of beverages, containing over A
1.9%
50% of alcohol by weight"
"Butter substitutes o/10% by wt of milk solids,
21069022 o/45% butterfat, subject to gen. note 15 to the 15.4 cents/kg A
HTS"
"Butter substitutes o/10% by wt of milk solids,
21069024 o/45% butterfat, subject to add US note 14 to 15.4 cents/kg A
Ch.4, not GN15"
"Butter substitutes o/10% by wt of milk solids,
21069026 o/45% butterfat, not subject to gen note 15 or add $1.996/kg E
US note 14 to Ch.4"
"Butter substitutes o/10% by wt of milk solids, n/o
21069028 13.1 cents/kg A
45% butterfat, neosi"
"Butter substitutes n/o 10% by wt of milk solids,
21069032 o/45% butterfat, subject to gen. note 15 to the 15.4 cents/kg A
HTS"
"Butter substitutes n/o 10% by wt of milk solids,
21069034 o/45% butterfat, subject to add US note 14 to 15.4 cents/kg A
Ch.4, not GN15"
"Butter substitutes n/o 10% by wt of milk solids,
21069036 o/45% butterfat, not subject to gen note 15 or add $1.996/kg E
US note 14 to Ch.4"
"Butter substitutes n/o 10% by wt of milk solids,
21069038 13.1 cents/kg A
n/o 45% butterfat, neosi"
21069039 Artificially sweetened cough drops Free I
"Syrups from cane/beet sugar, neosi, w/added
3.6606 cents/kg
21069042 coloring but not added flavoring, subject to gen. A
of total sugars
note 15 of the HTS"
"Syrups from cane/beet sugar, neosi, w/added
3.6606 cents/kg
21069044 coloring but not added flavoring, subject to add A
of total sugars
US note 5 to Ch. 17, not GN15"
"Syrups from cane/beet sugar, neosi, w/added See paragraph 6 of
coloring but not added flavoring, not subject to Appendix I to the General
21069046 gen note 15 or add US note 5 to Ch. 17" 35.74 cents/kg Notes of the Schedule of
the United States to Annex
3.3
"Orange juice, fortified with vitamins or
21069048 7.85 cents/liter A
minerals"
"Juice of any single fruit or vegetables juices (o/t
The rate
orange), concentrated, fortified with vitamins or
applicable to the
21069052 minerals" A
natural juice in
heading 2009
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Mixtures of fruit or vegetable juices, fortified
The rate
with vitamins or minerals, nesoi, mixtures of
applicable to the
21069054 juices in concentrated form" A
natural juice in
heading 2009
21069058 "Food preparations of gelatin, neosi" 4.8% A
"Food preps, nesoi, o/10% by wt of milk solids,
21069062 10% A
subject to gen. note 15 of the HTS"
"Food preps, nesoi, o/10% by wt of milk solids,
dairy prods, descr. in add US note 1 to Ch.4:
21069064 10% A
subject to add US note 10 to Ch.4, not GN15"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Food preps, nesoi, n/o 10% by wt of milk solids,
dairy prods, descr. in add US note 1 to Ch.4: 28.8 cents/kg +
21069087 E
n/subject to add US note 10 to Ch. 4, n/GN15" 8.5%
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Non-alcoholic milk-based drinks (except
23.5 cents/liter +
22029028 chocolate), not subject to gen note 15 or add US C
14.9%
note 10 to Ch. 4"
"Orange juice, fortified with vitamins or minerals,
22029030 not concentrated and not prepared from 4.5 cents/liter A
concentrate"
"Orange juice, fortified with vitamins or minerals,
22029035 7.85 cents/liter A
prepared from concentrate"
"Single fruit or vegetable juice (other than
The rate
orange), fortified with vitamins or minerals, not
applicable to the
22029036 concentrated" A
natural juice in
heading 2009
"Mixed fruit or vegetable juice (other than The rate
orange), fortified with vitamins or minerals, not applicable to the
22029037 concentrated" A
natural juice in
heading 2009
"Nonalcoholic beverages, nesi, not including fruit
or vegetable juices of heading 2009"
22029090 0.2 cents/liter A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Grape wine, other than sparkling, over 14% vol.
22042980 alcohol, in containers holding over 4 liters" 22.4 cents/liter A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any
strength if such ethyl alcohol is to be used as a See paragraph 4 of the
fuel or is suitable for use in producing a mixture General Notes to the
22072000a 1.9%
of gasoline and alcohol, a mixture of a special fuel Schedule of the United
and alcohol, or any other mixture to be used as a States to Annex 3.3
fuel.
Other ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured,
22072000b 1.9% A
of any strength
22082010 Pisco and singani Free I
"Grape brandy, excluding pisco and singani, in
22082020 containers not over 4 liters, not over $2.38/liter" Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Slivovitz brandy, valued not over $3.43/liter, in
22089014 Free I
containers each holding over 4 liters"
22089015 "Slivovitz brandy, valued over $3.43/liter" Free I
"Brandy, except slivovitz, in containers each
22089020 holding not over 4 liters, valued not over Free I
$2.38/liter"
"Brandy, except grape brandy and slivovitz, in
22089025 containers each holding not over 4 liters, valued Free I
over $2.38 but not over $3.43/liter"
"Brandy, except grape brandy and slivovitz, in
22089030 containers each holding not over 4 liters, valued Free I
over $3.43/liter"
"Brandy, except grape brandy and slivovitz, in
22089035 containers each holding over 4 liters, valued not Free I
over $2.38/liter"
"Brandy, except grape brandy and slivovitz, in
22089040 containers each holding over 4 liters, valued over Free I
$2.38/liter"
22089046 Kirschwasser and ratafia Free I
"Tequila, in containers each holding not over 4
22089050 Free I
liters"
"Tequila, in containers each holding over 4 liters"
22089055 Free I
Imitations of brandy and other spirituous
22089071 Free I
beverages containing alcohol
Mescal in containers each holding not over 4
22089072 Free I
liters
"Spirits nesi, fit for use as beverages or for
22089075 Free I
beverage purposes"
"Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic
21.1 cents/pf.
22089080 strength by volume of less than 80 percent vol., A
liter
nesi"
Vinegar and substitutes for vinegar obtained from 0.5 cents/pf.
22090000 A
acetic acid Liter
"Flours, meals, and pellets, of meat or meat offal
23011000 unfit for human consumption; greaves Free I
(cracklings)"
"Bran, sharps (middlings) and other residues,
23021000 derived from the sifting, milling or other working Free I
of corn (maize)"
"Bran, sharps (middlings) and other residues,
23022000 derived from the sifting, milling or other working Free I
of rice"
"Bran, sharps (middlings) and other residues,
23023000 derived from the sifting, milling or other working Free I
of wheat"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Bran, sharps (middlings) and other residues,
derived from the sifting, milling or other working
23024000 Free I
of cereals, excluding corn, rice and wheat"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Screenings, scalpings, chaff or scourings, ground
23080093 or not ground of flaxseed (linseed), of a kind used Free I
in animal feeding, nesoi"
"Dehydrated marigolds, of a kind used in animal
23080095 feeding, not elsewhere specified or included" 1.9% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Tobacco, not stemmed or stripped, not or not
24011053 over 35% wrapper tobacco, cigar binder and Free I
filler"
"Tobacco, not stemmed or stripped, not or not
24011061 over 35% wrapper tobacco, flue-cured burley etc, 23.9 cents/kg A
not for cigarettes"
"Tobacco, not stemmed or stripped, not or not
24011063 over 35% wrapper tobacco, flue-cured burley, etc., 23.9 cents/kg A
described in addl US note 5 to chap 24"
"Tobacco, not stemmed or stripped, not or not
24011065 over 35% wrapper tobacco, flue-cured burley, etc., 350% F
other nesi"
"Tobacco, not stemmed or stripped, not or not
24011095 over 35% wrapper tobacco, not flue-cured burley, 32.7 cents/kg A
etc., other nesi"
"Leaf tobacco, the product of two or more
countries or dependencies, when mixed or packed
24012005 $5.48/kg A
together, partly or wholly stemmed, not threshed"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped,
n/threshed or similarly proc., not or n/over 35%
24012057 39.7 cents/kg A
wrapper, not flue-cured burley etc., other nesi"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Tobacco refuse, from other tobacco, for
24013037 cigarettes, described in addl US note 5 to chap 24, 28.4 cents/kg A
not tobacco stems"
"Tobacco refuse, from other tobacco, for
24013070 350% F
cigarettes, other nesi"
"Cigars, cheroots and cigarillos containing
24021030 $1.89/kg + 4.7% A
tobacco, each valued less than 15 cents"
"Cigars, cheroots and cigarillos containing
57 cents/kg +
24021060 tobacco, each valued 15 cents or over but less than A
1.4%
23 cents"
"Cigars, cheroots and cigarillos containing 57 cents/kg +
24021080 A
tobacco, each valued 23 cents or over" 1.4%
Cigarettes containing tobacco and clove 41.7 cents/kg +
24022010 A
0.9%
"Cigarettes containing tobacco but not containing
24022080 $1.05/kg + 2.3% A
clove, paper-wrapped"
24022090 "Cigarettes containing tobacco, nesi" $1.50/kg + 3.2% A
"Cigars, cheroots and cigarillos and cigarettes of
24029000 $1.05/kg + 2.3% A
tobacco substitutes"
"Smoking tobacco, whether or not containing
24031020 tobacco substitutes, prepared for marketing 32.8 cents/kg A
directly to consumer as packaged"
"Smoking tobacco, whether or not containing
24031030 tobacco substitutes, other, to be used in products 32.8 cents/kg A
other than cigarettes"
"Smoking tobacco, whether or not containing
tobacco substitutes, other, to be used in cigarettes,
24031060 32.8 cents/kg A
described in addl US note 5 to chap 24"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Other manufactured tobacco, tobacco substitutes,
tobacco extracts or essences, prepared for
24039920 24.7 cents/kg A
marketing directly to consumer as packaged"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
Concentrates of essential oils; terpenic by-product
33019050 of the deterpenation of essential oils; aqueous Free I
distillates& solutions of essential oils
"Mixtures of odoriferous substances, mixtures
with a basis of these substances, used in the food
33021010 Free I
or drink industries, not containing alcohol"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
35051000 Dextrins and other modified starches 0.7 cents/kg A
Glues based on starches or on dextrins or other 2.1 cents/kg +
35052000 A
modified starches 2.9%
"Finishing agents, dye carriers and like products,
2.2 cents/kg +
38091000 nesoi, with a basis of amylaceous substances" A
3%
Stearic acid 2.1 cents/kg +
38231100 A
3.8%
Oleic acid 2.1 cents/kg +
38231200 A
3.2%
38231300 Tall oil fatty acids 3.2% A
"Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids or acid oils
38231920 from refining derived from coconut, palm-kernel, 2.3% A
or palm oil"
"Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids or acid oils
38231940 3.2% A
from refining, nesoi"
Oleyl alcohol derived from fatty substances of
38237020 5.1% A
animal or vegetable origin
"Industrial fatty alcohols, other than oleyl, derived
38237040 from fatty substances of animal or vegetable 2% A
origin"
Industrial fatty alcohols other than derived from
38237060 fatty substances of animal or vegetable origin 2.4% A
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Whole bovine hide/skin (not buffalo) (n/o 8 kg
dried, 10 kg dry salted or 16 kg fresh/otherwise
41012050 3.3% A
preserved), ov 2.6 m2, not vegetable pretann"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Raw skins of sheep or lamb (not excluded by
41021020 note 1(c) to chapter 41), with wool on, vegetable Free I
pretanned but not further prepared"
"Raw skins of sheep or lamb (not excluded by
note 1(c) to chapter 41), with wool on, pretanned
41021030 2% A
other than vegetable but not further prepared"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Raw furskins of mink, whole, with or without
43011000 Free I
head, tail or paws"
"Raw lamb furskins of Astrakhan, Broadtail,
43013000 Caracul, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Mongolian, Free I
Tibetan, whole"
"Raw furskins of silver, black or platinum fox
43016030 (including mutations of these), whole, with or 5.1% A
without head, tail or paws"
"Raw furskins of fox, other than of silver, black or
43016060 platinum fox, whole, with or without head, tail or Free I
paws"
"Raw furskins of seal, whole, with or without
43017000 Free I
head, tail or paws"
"Raw furskins, whole, with or without head, tail
43018001 or paws, not elsewhere specified or included" Free I
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Wool, excl. unimproved, finer than 40s, but not
51011940 44s, greasy, not shorn, not carded or combed, not Free I
for special uses"
"Wool, excluding unimproved, finer than 44s but
51011950 not 46s, greasy, not shorn, not carded or combed, Free I
not for special uses"
"Wool, excluding unimproved, finer than 46s,
18.7 cents/clean
51011960 greasy, incl. fleece-washed, not shorn, not carded A
kg
or combed"
"Unimproved wool and other wool not finer than
51012110 46s, degreased, not further processed, shorn, not Free I
carded or combed, for special uses"
"Unimproved wool and other wool not finer than
40s, degreased, not further processed, shorn, not
51012115 Free I
carded or combed, not for special uses"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Wool, excl. unimproved, finer than 44s but not
46s, degreased, not further processed, not shorn,
51012935 Free I
not carded or combed, not for special uses"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
"Fine animal hair, further processed, not carded 4.9 cents/kg +
51021990 B
or combed" 4%
51022000 "Coarse animal hair, not carded or combed" Free I
51031000 Noils of wool or of fine animal hair 2.6 cents/kg A
"Waste, other than noils, of wool or of fine animal
51032000 hair, including yarn waste but excluding 2.6 cents/kg A
garnetted stock"
"Waste of coarse animal hair, including yarn
51033000 7% A
waste but excluding garnetted stock"
"Cotton, not carded or combed, having a staple
52010005 length under 19.05 mm (3/4 inch), harsh or Free I
rough"
"Cotton, n/carded or combed, having a staple
52010012 length < 28.575 mm (1-1/8 inches), n/harsh or Free I
rough, described in gen. note 15"
"Cotton, n/carded or combed, having a staple
length < 28.575 mm (1-1/8 inches), n/harsh or
52010014 Free I
rough, quota described in ch 52 add'l US note 5"
Base
HTS8 Description Category Safeguard
Rate
52021000 Cotton yarn waste (including thread waste) Free I
52029100 Cotton garnetted stock 4.3% A
"Cotton card strips made from cotton waste
52029905 having staple length under 30.1625 mm & lap, Free I
sliver & roving waste described in gen. nte 15"
"Cotton card strips made from cotton waste
w/staple length under 30.1625 mm & lap, sliver
52029910 Free I
& roving waste, quota dscrbd in ch 52 add US
note 9"
"Cotton card strips made from cotton waste
52029930 having staple length under 30.1625 mm & lap, 7.8 cents/kg F
sliver & roving waste, nesoi"
"Cotton waste, other than yarn waste and
52029950 Free I
garnetted stock, nesoi"
"Cotton fibers, carded or combed, of cotton fiber
52030005 processed but not spun, described in gen. note 15" 5% A
03019900 Live fish, other than trout, eel, carp or ornamental fish Free I
Trout, fresh or chilled, excluding fillets, other meat
03021100 portions, livers and roes Free I
03038040 Fish livers and roes, other than sturgeon roe, frozen Free I
Cod, cusk, haddock, pollock, Atlantic ocean perch,
03041010 filleted or minced, fresh or chilled Free I
03041030 Hake, filleted or minced, fresh or chilled Free I
Fillets and other meat portions of other fish nesi, fresh
03041040 or chilled Free I
Frozen fish fillets, skinned, in blocks weighing over 4.5
kg, to be minced, ground or cut into pieces of uniform
03042020 weight and dimension Free I
Fillets and minced meat, frozen, of cod, cusk, haddock,
03042030 pollock or Atlantic ocean perch Free I
03042050 Fillets and minced meat, frozen, of hake Free I
03042060 Frozen fillets of fresh-water fish, flat fish, etc., nesi Free I
Frozen fish meat (excluding fillets), in bulk or in
immediate containers weighing with their contents over
03049010 6.8 kg each Free I
Frozen fish meat (excluding fillets), other than in bulk or
in immediate containers weighing with their contents
03049090 over 6.8 kg each 6% A
Flours, meals and pellets of fish, fit for human
consumption, in bulk or in immediate containers
03051020 weighing with contents over 6.8 kg each Free I
Flours, meals and pellets of fish, fit for human
consumption, other than in bulk or immediate
03051040 containers weighing contents over 6.8 kg each 6% A
03052020 Sturgeon roe, dried, smoked, salted or in brine 7.50% A
Fish livers and roes, other than sturgeon roe, dried,
03052040 smoked, salted or in brine Free I
03055920 Dried shark fins, whether or not salted but not smoked Free I
Dried fish, other than cod or shark fins, whether or not
03055940 salted but not smoked Free I
Herrings, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked, in
immediate containers weighing with their contents 6.8
03056120 kg or less each 4% A
Herrings, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked,
other than in immediate containers weighing with their
03056140 contents 6.8 kg or less each Free I
03056200 Cod, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked Free I
Anchovies, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked,
in immediate airtight containers weighing with their
03056320 contents 6.8 kg or less each 5% A
Anchovies, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked,
in immediate containers, nesi, weighing with their
03056340 contents 6.8 kg or less each Free I
Anchovies, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked,
other than in immediate containers weighing with their
03056360 contents 6.8 kg or less each Free I
Cusk, haddock, hake, and pollock, in brine or salted but
03056910 not dried or smoked Free I
Mackerel, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked, in
immediate containers weighing with their contents 6.8
03056920 kg or less each 5% A
Mackerel, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked,
other than in immediate containers weighing with their
03056930 contents 6.8 kg or less each Free I
03056940 Salmon, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked 3% A
Fish, nesi, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked, in
immediate containers weighing with their contents 6.8
03056950 kg or less each Free I
Fish, nesi, in brine or salted but not dried or smoked,
other than in immediate containers weighing with their
03056960 contents 6.8 kg or less each 0.50% A
Rock lobster and other sea crawfish, cooked in shell or
03061100 uncooked, dried, salted or in brine, frozen Free I
Lobsters excluding rock lobster, cooked in shell or
03061200 uncooked, dried, salted or in brine, frozen Free I
Shrimps and prawns, cooked in shell or uncooked,
03061300 dried, salted or in brine, frozen Free I
03061420 Crabmeat, frozen 7.50% A
03074900 Cuttle fish and squid, frozen, dried, salted or in brine Free I
03075100 Octopus, live, fresh or chilled Free I
03075900 Octopus, frozen, dried, salted or in brine Free I
25070000 Kaolin and other kaolinic clays, whether or not calcined Free I
25081000 Bentonite clay, whether or not calcined Free I
Decolorizing earths and fuller's earth, whether or not
25082000 calcined Free I
25083000 Fire-clay, whether or not calcined Free I
Clays, (not including expanded clays of heading 6806),
25084000 nesoi, whether or not calcined Free I
Andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite, whether or not
25085000 calcined Free I
25086000 Mullite Free I
1.7 cents/kg on
26030000 Copper ores and concentrates lead content A
26040000 Nickel ores and concentrates Free I
26050000 Cobalt ores and concentrates Free I
26060000 Aluminum ores and concentrates Free I
1.1 cents/kg on
26070000 Lead ores and concentrates lead content A
26080000 Zinc ores and concentrates Free I
26090000 Tin ores and concentrates Free I
26100000 Chromium ores and concentrates Free I
26110030 Tungsten ores Free I
37.5 cents/kg
on tungsten
26110060 Tungsten concentrates content A
26121000 Uranium ores and concentrates Free I
26122000 Thorium ores and concentrates Free I
12.8 cents/kg
on molybdenum
26131000 Molybdenum ores and concentrates, roasted content + 1.8% A
17.8 cents/kg
on molybdenum
26139000 Molybdenum ores and concentrates, not roasted content A
26140030 Synthetic rutile Free I
Titanium ores and concentrates, other than synthetic
26140060 rutile Free I
26151000 Zirconium ores and concentrates Free I
26159030 Synthetic tantalum-niobium concentrates Free I
Niobium, tantalum or vanadium ores and concentrates,
26159060 nesoi Free I
0.8 cents/kg on
26161000 Silver ores and concentrates lead content A
0.7 cents/kg on
Ash and residues (not from the mfr. of iron or steel), copper content
containing mainly zinc, other than hard zinc spelter/zinc + 0.7 cents/kg
26201960 dross & skimmings on lead content A
Leaded gasoline sludges and leaded anti-knock
26202100 compound sludges, containing mainly lead Free I
Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of
26202900 iron or steel), containing mainly lead, nesoi Free I
Ash and residues (not from the mfr. of iron or steel),
26203000 containing mainly copper Free I
Ash and residues (not from the mfr. of iron or steel),
26204000 containing mainly aluminum Free I
Ash/residues contain arsenic, mercury, thallium or their
mixtures, kind used only for extraction of arsenic or
26206010 manufacture of its compounds 5% A
Ash/residue contain arsenic,mercury,thallium/their
mixtures,kind used only for extraction of those metals
26206090 or manufacture of their compounds Free I
Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of
iron or steel), containing antimony, beryllium, cadmium,
26209100 chromium or their mixtures Free I
Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of
26209910 iron or steel), containing mainly vanadium Free I
17.6 cents/kg
Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of on tungsten
26209920 iron or steel), containing mainly tungsten content + 3.8% A
Materials (ash and residues) not provided for
elsewhere in heading 2620 containing by weight over
26209930 10 percent nickel Free I
Slag (other than from the manufacture of iron or steel)
contains over 40% titanium & if has over 2% Cu/Pb/Zn
26209950 is not for recovery thereof Free I
Residues (not from mfr. of iron or steel) cont.
metals/metal compounds nesoi, and n/adv. in value or
26209975 cond. & if > 2% Cu/Pb/Zn n/for recovery Free I
Other ash and residues (other than from the
manufacture of iron or steel), containing metals or
26209985 metal compounds, nesoi Free I
Ash and residues from the incineraction of municipal
26211000 waste Free I
Other slag and ash, including seaweed ash (kelp), not
26219000 elsewhere specified or included Free I
Coal, anthracite, whether or not pulverized, but not
27011100 agglomerated Free I
Coal, bituminous, whether or not pulverized, but not
27011200 agglomerated Free I
Coal, other than anthracite or bituminous, whether or
27011900 not pulverized, but not agglomerated Free I
27082000 Pitch coke, obtained from coal tar or other mineral tars Free I
Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals,
27090010 crude, testing under 25 degrees A.P.I. 5.25 cents/bbl A
Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals,
27090020 crude, testing 25 degrees A.P.I. or more 10.5 cents/bbl A
Bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane
29034600 and dibromotetrafluoroethanes 3.70% A
Other perhalogenated acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives,
29034700 nesoi 3.70% A
29034910 Bromochloromethane Free I
1-Bromo-2-nitrobenzene; 1-chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene;
29049030 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene; and o-fluoronitrobenzene 5.50% A
29049035 4,4'-Dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 5.50% A
Aromatic sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
of hydrocarbons nesoi, described in additional U.S.
29049040 note 3 to section VI 5.50% A
Aromatic sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
29049047 of hydrocarbons, nesoi 5.50% A
Nonaromatic sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated
29049050 derivatives of hydrocarbons nesoi 3.70% A
Methanol (Methyl alcohol) imported only for use in
producing synthetic natural gas (SNG) or for direct use
29051110 as a fuel Free I
Methanol (Methyl alcohol), other than imported only for
use in producing synthetic natural gas (SNG) or for
29051120 direct use as fuel 5.50% A
Propan-1-ol (Propyl alcohol) and Propan-2-ol (isopropyl
29051200 alcohol) 5.50% A
29051300 Butan-1-ol (n-Butyl alcohol) 5.50% A
tert-Butyl alcohol, having a purity of less than 99
29051410 percent by weight Free I
Bis-(tribromophenoxy)ethane; pentabromodiphenyl
29093009 oxide; and tetradecabromodiphenoxy benzene Free I
6-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-2,4-dinitroanisole (Musk ambrette)
29093010 and other artificial musks 5.50% A
Odoriferous or flavoring compounds of aromatic ethers
and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated
29093020 derivatives, nesoi 5.50% A
7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetrahydronaphthalene;
1-(2-Naphthalenyl)ethanone; and 6-Acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-
29143910 hexamethylindan Free I
29181550 Salts and esters of citric acid, except sodium citrate 3.70% A
29181610 Gluconic acid 6% A
29181650 Salts and esters of gluconic acid 3.70% A
29181910 Benzilic acid; and benzilic acid, methyl ester 5.80% A
29181912 Phenylglycolic acid (Mandelic acid) Free I
29181915 Phenylglycolic (Mandelic) acid salts and esters 6.50% A
Aromatic carboxylic acids with alcohol function, w/o
other oxygen functions, and their derivatives, described
29181920 in add. U.S. note 3 to sec. VI 6.50% A
29182110 Salicylic acid and its salts, suitable for medicinal use 6.50% A
Salicylic acid and its salts, not suitable for medicinal
29182150 use 6.50% A
29182210 O-Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) 6.50% A
29182250 Salts and esters Of O-acetylsalicylic acid 6.50% A
29182310 Salol (Phenyl salicylate) suitable for medicinal use 6.50% A
Odoriferous or flavoring compounds of other esters of
29182320 salicyclic acid and their salts, nesoi 6.50% A
Esters of salicylic acid and their salts, described in
29182330 additional U.S. note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
29182350 Esters of salicylic acid and their salts, nesoi 6.50% A
2,3-Cresotic acid; m-hydroxybenzoic acid;2-
hydroxybenzoic acid, calcium salt; and other specified
29182904 carboxylic acids w/phenol function 5.80% A
29182908 m-Hydroxybenzoic acid Free I
29182920 Gentisic acid; and hydroxycinnamic acid and its salts 6.50% A
29182922 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid 6.50% A
29182925 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid 6.50% A
29182930 Gallic acid 1% A
2-Chloro-4,5-difluoro-beta-oxobenzenepropanoic acid,
29183015 ethyl ester; and ethyl 2-keto-4-phenylbutanoate Free I
Aromatic carboxylic acids w/aldehyde or ketone
function but w/o other oxygen function & their deriv
29183025 desc. in add US note 3 to sec VI, nesoi 6.50% A
Aromatic carboxylic acids with aldehyde or ketone
function, but without other oxygen function, and
29183030 derivatives, nesoi 6.50% A
Dimethyl acetyl succinate; oxalacetic acid diethyl ester
sodium salt; 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoic acid, both
29183070 ethyl & methyl ester versions Free I
Non-aromatic carboxylic acids w/aldehyde or ketone
function but w/o other oxygen func. their anhydrides,
29183090 halides, peroxides, etc derivatives 3.70% A
p-Anisic acid; clofibrate; 1,6-hexanediol-bis(3,5-dibutyl-
4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate; and 3-phenoxybenzoic
29189005 acid 5.80% A
1-Hydroxy-6-octadecyloxy-2-naphthalenccarboxylic
acid; and 1-hydroxy-6-docosyloxy-2-naphthalene
29189006 carboxylic acid Free I
2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)propionic acid and its
29189014 salts Free I
4-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)butyric acid; p-
chlorophenoxyacetic acid; and 2-(2,4-
29189018 dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid 6.50% A
3-Amino-3-methyl-1-butyne; 2-chloro-N,N-
dimethylethylamine hydrochloride; 2-(diethylamino)ethyl
29211930 HCl; and dimethylaminoisopropyl Cl HCl Free I
29211960 Other acyclic monoamines and their derivatives 6.50% A
29212100 Ethylenediamine and its salts 5.80% A
29212205 Hexamethylenediamine adipate (Nylon salt) 6.50% A
29214255 Fast color bases of aniline derivatives and their salts 6.50% A
Aniline derivatives and their salts of products in
29214265 additional U.S. note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
29214290 Other aniline derivatives and their salts 6.50% A
29214304 3-Chloro-o-toluidine; and 6-chloro-o-toluidine Free I
4-Chloro-o-toluidine hydrochloride; 5-chloro-o-o-
toluidine; 6-chloro-2-toluidine-sulfonic acid; 4-chloro-
29214308 a,a,a-trifluoro-o-toluidine;& other 5.80% A
alpha,alpha,alpha-Trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-
29214315 toluidine (Trifluralin) 6.50% A
alpha,alpha,alpha-Trifluoro-o-toluidine;
29214319 alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-6-chloro-m-toluidine 6.50% A
N-Ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-
29214322 (trifluoromethyl)benzenamine 6.50% A
2-Amino-5-chloro-4-ethyl-benzenesulfonic acid; 2-
amino-5-chloro-p-toluenesulfonic acid; p-nitro-o-
29214324 toluidine; and 3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Free I
Toluidines and their derivatives; salts thereof;
29214340 described in additional U.S. note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
Other toluidines and their derivatives; and salts thereof,
29214390 nesoi 6.50% A
4,4'-Bis(alpha,alpha-dimethlbenzyl)diphenylamine; and
29214405 N-nitrosodiphenylamine Free I
29214410 Nitrosodiphenylamine 6.50% A
Diphenylamine and its derivatives (except
nitrodiphenylamine); salts thereof, described in
29214420 additional U.S. note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
4-Amino-2-(N,N-diethylamino)toluene hydrochloride; m-
and o-phenylenediamine; toluene-2,4- and -2,5-
29215110 diamine; and toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate 6.50% A
Photographic chemicals of o-, m-, p-phenylenediamine,
diaminotoluenes, and their derivatives, and salts
29215120 thereof 6.50% A
o-, m-, p-Phenylenediamine, diaminotoluenes, and their
derivatives, and salts thereof, described in additional
29215130 U.S. note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
o-, m-, p-Phenylenediamine, and diaminotoluenes and
29215150 their derivatives, and salts thereof, nesoi 6.50% A
29215904 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (1,8-naphthalenediamino) Free I
5-Amino-2-(p-aminoanilino)benzenesulfonic acid; 4,4-
diamino-3-biphenylsulfonic acid; 3,3-dimethylbenzidine
29215908 (o-tolidine); & other specified 5.80% A
4,4'-Benzidine-2,2'-disulfonic acid;1,4-diaminobenzene-
2-sulfonic acid;4,4'-methylenebis-(2,6-diethylaniline);m-
29215917 xylenediamine; and 1 other Free I
29215920 4,4'-Diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 6.50% A
29215930 4,4'-Methylenedianiline 6.50% A
Aromatic polyamines and their derivatives and salts
thereof, described in additional U.S. note 3 to section
29215940 VI 6.50% A
Aromatic polyamines and their derivatives; salts thereof
29215980 nesoi 6.50% A
29221100 Monoethanolamine and its salts 6.50% A
29221200 Diethanolamine and its salts 6.50% A
29221300 Triethanolamine and its salts 6.50% A
29221400 Dextropropoxyphene (INN) and its salts Free I
Aromatic amino-alcohols drugs, their ethers and esters,
other than those containing > one kind of oxygen
29221909 function; salts thereof; nesoi 6.50% A
4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzhydrol (Michler's hydrol)
and other specified aromatic amino-alcohols, their
29221920 ethers and esters; salts thereof 5.80% A
N1-(2-Hydroxyethyl-2-nitro-1,4-phenylendiamine;
N1,N4,N4-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-1,4-
29221933 phenylenediamine; and other specified chemicals Free I
N-[[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]difluorobenzamide;
and 3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide
29242928 (pronamide) Free I
4-Acetamido-2-aminophenol; p-
acetaminobenzaldehyde; acetoacetbenzylamide; p-
acetoacetophenetidide; N-acetyl-2,6-xylidine; & other
29242931 specified 5.80% A
3-Hydroxy-2-naphthanilide; 3-hydroxy-2-naphtho-o-
toluidide; 3-hydroxy-2-naphtho-o-anisidine; 3-hydroxy-2-
29242933 naphtho-o-phenetidide; & other Free I
29242936 Naphthol AS and derivatives, nesoi 6.50% A
3-Ethoxycarbonylaminophenyl-N-phenylcarbamate
(desmedipham); and Isopropyl-N-(3-
29242943 chlorophenyl)carbamate (CIPC) 6.50% A
29242947 Other cyclic amides used as pesticides 6.50% A
29242952 Aromatic cyclic amides for use as fast color bases 6.50% A
29242957 Diethylaminoacetoxylidide (Lidocaine) Free I
Other aromatic cyclic amides and derivatives for use as
29242962 drugs 6.50% A
29242965 5-Bromoacetyl-2-salicylamide 6.50% A
N,N'-diphenylguanidine; 3-
dimethylaminomethyleneiminophenol hydrochloride; 1,3
29252018 di-o-tolyguandidine; and one other specified chemical Free I
2,2-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3,-
hexafluoropropane; 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane;
29299005 1,1-ethylidenebis(phenyl-4-cyanate); and 2 others Free I
Other aromatic compounds with other nitrogen function
of products described in additional U.S. note 3 to
29299015 section VI 6.50% A
4,5-Dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; thiothiamine
29341070 hydrochloride; and 4 other specified chemicals Free I
Other compounds (excluding aromatic or modified
aromatic) containing an unfused thiazole ring (whether
29341090 or not hydrogenated) in the structure 6.50% A
29342005 N-tert-Butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide 6.50% A
29342010 2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole 6.50% A
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole; and N-
29342015 (Oxydiethylene)benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide 6.50% A
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, sodium salt (2-
29342020 Benzothiazolethiol, sodium salt) 6.50% A
2-Amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole; 2-amino-6-
29342025 nitrobenzothiazole; and 2 other specified chemicals Free I
2-Amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole and other specified
heterocyclic compounds, cont. a benzothiazole ring-
29342030 system, not further fused 5.80% A
Pesticides containing a benzothiazole ring-system, not
29342035 further fused 6.50% A
Heterocyclic compounds containing a benzothiazole
ring-system, not further fused, described in add. U.S.
29342040 note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
29350020 Fast color bases and fast color salts, of sulfonamides 6.50% A
29350029 Acetylsulfaguanidine Free I
29350030 Sulfamethazine Free I
Acetylsulfisoxazole; sulfacetamide, sodium; and
29350032 sulfamethazine, sodium 6.50% A
29350033 Sulfathiazole; and sulfathiazole, sodium Free I
Salicylazosulfapyridine; sulfadiazine; sulfamerazine;
29350042 sulfaguanidine; and sulfapyridine Free I
29350048 Other sulfonamides used as anti-infective agents 6.50% A
Other sulfonamide drugs (excluding anti-infective
29350060 agents) 6.50% A
Other sulfonamides (excluding drugs and certain
specified chemicals) described in additional U.S. note 3
29350075 to section VI 6.50% A
Other sulfonamides (excluding drugs and certain
specified chemicals) not described in additional U.S.
29350095 note 3 to section VI 6.50% A
29361000 Provitamins, unmixed Free I
Vitamins A and their derivatives, unmixed, natural or
29362100 synthesized Free I
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) and its derivatives, unmixed,
29362200 natural or synthesized Free I
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and its derivatives, unmixed,
29362300 natural or synthesized Free I
Vitamin B3 or B5 (d- or dl-Pantothenic acid) and its
29362400 derivatives, unmixed, natural or synthesized Free I
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine and related compounds with
Vitamin B6 activity) and its derivatives, unmixed,
29362500 natural or synthesized Free I
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin and related compounds
with Vitamin B12 activity) and its derivatives, unmixed,
29362600 natural or synthesized Free I
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and its derivatives, unmixed,
29362700 natural or synthesized Free I
Vitamin E (Tocopherols and related compounds with
Vitamin E activity) and its derivatives, unmixed, natural
29362800 or synthesized Free I
29362910 Folic acid and its derivatives, unmixed Free I
29362915 Niacin an niacinamide Free I
Aromatic or modified aromatic vitamins and their
29362920 derivatives, nesoi Free I
29362950 Other vitamins and their derivatives, nesoi Free I
[2,2'-Thiobis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-n-
29420003 butyl)phenolato)(2,1)]-O,O',S-s(1-butanamine), nickel II Free I
Aromatic or modified aromatic drugs of other organic
29420005 compounds, nesoi 6.50% A
Mixtures of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-
38089004 trichloroethanol (Dicofol) and application adjuvants Free I
Rodenticides containing any aromatic or modified
38089008 aromatic pesticide, nesoi 6.50% A
Formulated biocides based on 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-
one, or 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, or on certain
38089030 other chemicals; metaldehyde Free I
38089070 Rodenticides containing an inorganic substance 5% A
38089095 Rodenticides, nesoi 5% A
Finishing agents, dye carriers and like products, nesoi,
38099100 used in the textile or like industries 6% A
Finishing agents, dye carriers and other preparations
used in paper or like industries, 5% or more by wt.
38099210 aromatic (mod.) substance(s) 6.50% A
Finishing agents, dye carriers and other preparations
used in paper or like industries, < 5% by weight of
38099250 aromatic (mod.) substance(s) 6% A
Finishing agents, dye carriers and other preparations
used in leather and like industries, > 5% by weight
38099310 aromatic (mod.) substance(s) 6.50% A
Bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methaneisophthalic
39089020 acid-laurolactam copolymer Free I
39089070 Other polyamides in primary forms 6.50% A
39091000 Urea resins; thiourea resins 6.50% A
39092000 Melamine resins 6.50% A
39093000 Amino-resins, nesoi 6.50% A
39094000 Phenolic resins 6.50% A
39095010 Polyurethanes, elastomeric, in primary forms Free I
39095020 Polyurethanes: cements, in primary forms 2.10% A
Polyurethanes, other than elastomeric or cements, in
39095050 primary forms 6.30% A
39100000 Silicones in primary forms 3% A
39131000 Alginic acid, and its salts and esters, in primary forms 4.20% A
Chemical derivatives of natural rubber, nesoi, in
39139010 primary forms Free I
Polysaccharides and their derivatives, nesoi, in primary
39139020 forms 5.80% A
Natural polymers and modified natural polymers, nesoi,
39139050 in primary forms 6.50% A
Cross-linked polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium
39140020 chloride (Cholestyramine resin USP) Free I
39172900 Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, of other plastics nesoi 3.10% A
Flexible plastic tubes, pipes and hoses, having a
39173100 minimum burst pressure of 27.6 MPa 3.10% A
Tubes, pipes and hoses, of plastics, other than rigid,
not reinforced or otherwise combined with other
39173200 materials, without fittings 3.10% A
Flexible plastic tubes, pipes and hoses, nesoi, with
fittings, not reinforced or otherwise combined with other
39173300 materials 3.10% A
39173900 Flexible plastic tubes, pipes and hoses, nesoi 3.10% A
Fittings of plastics, for plastic tubes, pipes and hoses,
39174000 nesoi 5.30% A
39181010 Vinyl tile floor coverings 5.30% A
39181020 Vinyl flooring, excluding vinyl tile 5.30% A
40129070 Bicycle rim strips of rubber other than of natural rubber Free I
Interchangeable tire treads and tire flaps, of rubber
other than natural rubber, except bicycle rim strips,
40129090 nesoi 2.70% A
Inner tubes of rubber, of a kind used on motor cars
(including station wagons and racing cars), buses or
40131000 trucks 3.70% A
40132000 Inner tubes of rubber, of a kind used on bicycles Free I
45039060 Articles of natural cork, other than corks and stoppers 14% A
46021012 Baskets and bags, nesi, whether or not lined, of willow 5.80% A
53052100 Abaca (Manila hemp or Musa textilis Nee) fibers, raw Free I
Abaca (Manila hemp or Musa textilis Nee) fibers,
processed but not spun; abaca tow, noils and waste
53052900 (incl. yarn waste and garnetted stock) Free I
Vegetable textile fibers nesoi, raw or processed but not
spun; tow, noils & waste of these fibers (including yarn
53059000 waste and garnetted stock) Free I
53061000 Flax yarn, single Free I
53062000 Flax yarn, multiple (folded) or cabled Free I
Yarn of jute or other textile bast fibers (excluding flax,
53071000 true hemp, and ramie), single Free I
59029000 Tire cord fabric of high tenacity yarns of viscose rayon Free I
Textile fabrics of cotton, impregnated, coated, covered
59031010 or laminated with polyvinyl chloride 2.70% A
Textile fabric spec in note 9 to sect XI, of man-made
fibers, impreg, coated, covered or laminated w/polyvinyl
59031015 chloride, over 60% plastics Free I
Textile fabrics spec in note 9 to section XI, of man-
made fibers, impregnated, coated, covered or
59031018 laminated with polyvinyl chloride, nesoi 14.10% A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of wool separately
61032100 or fine animal hair entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61032200 cotton entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61032300 synthetic fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61032910 artificial fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61032920 textile materials nesoi entered A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted or 38.6 cents/kg +
61033100 crocheted, of wool or fine animal hair 10% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted or
61033200 crocheted, of cotton 13.50% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted or
crocheted, of synthetic fibers, containing 23% or more 38.6 cents/kg +
61033310 of wool or fine animal hair 10% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted or
61033320 crocheted, of synthetic fibers, nesoi 28.20% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted or
61033910 crocheted, of artificial fibers 14.90% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, of textile
mats, (except wool, cotton, or mmf), cont 70% or more
61033940 by wt of silk, knitted/croc 0.90% A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61042100 wool or fine animal hair entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61042200 cotton entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61042300 synthetic fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61042910 artificial fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, knitted or crocheted, of separately
61042920 textile materials nesoi entered A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted 54.8 cents/kg +
61043100 or crocheted, of wool or fine animal hair 16% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted
61043200 or crocheted, of cotton 14.90% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets & blazers, knit or
crocheted, of synthetic fibers, cont. 23% or more of 56.4 cents/kg +
61043310 wool or fine animal hair 16.5% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, knitted
61043320 or crocheted, of synthetic fibers, nesoi 28.20% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets, knitted or
61043910 crocheted, of artificial fibers 24% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets, knitted or
61043920 crocheted, of textile materials nesoi Free I
Women's or girls' dresses, knitted or crocheted, of wool
61044100 or fine animal hair 13.60% A
Women's or girls' dresses, knitted or crocheted, of
61044200 cotton 11.50% A
Women's or girls' dresses, knitted or crocheted, of
synthetic fibers, containing 23 percent or more of wool
61044310 or fine animal hair 14.90% A
Women's or girls' dresses, knitted or crocheted, of
61044320 synthetic fibers, nesoi 16% A
Women's or girls' dresses, knitted or crocheted, of
artificial fibers, containing 23 percent or more of wool or
61044410 fine animal hair 14.90% A
Women's or girls' dresses, knitted or crocheted, of
61044420 artificial fibers, nesoi 14.90% A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
Men's or boys' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, of the ensemble if
worsted wool fabric with wool yarn having average fiber separately
62032130 diameter of 18.5 micron or < entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, of separately
62032190 wool or fine animal hair entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
Men's or boys' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, of the ensemble if
cotton, other than judo, karate and other oriental martial separately
62032230 arts uniforms entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, of separately
62032300 synthetic fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, of separately
62032920 artificial fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Men's or boys' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, of separately
62032930 textile materials nesoi entered A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, of worsted
wool fabric of wool yarn fiber avg diameter 18.5 micron
62033150 or <, not knitt/crocheted 17.50% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, of wool or
62033190 fine animal hair, not knitted or crocheted 17.50% A
Men's or boys' suit-type jackets and blazers, not knitted
or crocheted, of cotton, containing 36 percent or more
62033210 of flax fibers 2.80% A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, separately
62042100 of wool or fine animal hair entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
Women's or girls' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, the ensemble if
of cotton, other than judo, karate and other oriental separately
62042230 martial arts uniforms entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, separately
62042300 of synthetic fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, separately
62042920 of artificial fibers entered A
The rate
applicable to
each garment in
the ensemble if
Women's or girls' ensembles, not knitted or crocheted, separately
62042940 of textile materials nesoi entered A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets & blazers, of wool or
fine animal hair, not knitted or crocheted, cont. 30% or
62043110 more of silk/silk waste 7.50% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, of wool
or fine animal hair, not knitted or crocheted, under 30%
62043120 by weight of silk 17.50% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, of
cotton, not knitted or crocheted, containing 36 percent
62043210 or more of flax fibers 2.80% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, of
62043220 cotton, not knitted or crocheted, under 36% flax 9.40% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, not
knitted or crocheted, of synthetic fibers, cont. 30% or
62043310 more of silk/silk waste 7.10% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, not
knitted or crocheted, of synthetic fibers, containing 36
62043320 percent or more of flax fibers 2.80% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets & blazers, not
knitted or crocheted, of synthetic fibers, cont. 36% or 46.3 cents/kg +
62043340 more of wool or fine animal hair 21% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, not
62043350 knitted or crocheted, of synthetic fibers, nesoi 27.30% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets & blazers, not
knitted or crocheted, of artificial fibers, cont. 36% or 37.1 cents/kg +
62043920 more of wool or fine animal hair 16.8% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, not
knitted or crocheted, of artificial fibers, under 36% by
62043930 weight of wool 27.30% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, not
knitted/crocheted, of textile materials nesoi, cont. 70%
62043960 + of silk or silk waste 1% A
Women's or girls' suit-type jackets and blazers, not
62043980 knitted or crocheted, of textile materials nesoi 6.30% A
Women's or girls' dresses, not knitted or crocheted, of
wool or fine animal hair, containing 30 percent of silk or
62044110 silk waste 7.20% A
70010010 Glass in the mass of fused quartz or other fused silica Free I
Glass in the mass (other than of fused quartz or other
70010020 fused silica) 3% A
70010050 Cullet and other waste and scrap of glass Free I
Glass in balls (o/than microspheres of heading 7018),
70021010 unworked, n/o 6mm in diameter 3.90% A
Glass in balls (o/than microspheres of heading 7018),
70021020 unworked, over 6 mm in diameter Free I
Glass rods of fused quartz or other fused silica,
70022010 unworked Free I
Glass rods (o/than of fused quartz or other fused
70022050 silica), unworked 6% A
Glass tubes of fused quartz or other fused silica,
70023100 unworked Free I
Glass tubes (o/than fused quartz/silica), w/linear
coefficient of expansion n/o 5x10-6 per Kelvin in range
70023200 of 0-300 degrees C, unworked 6% A
Glass tubes (o/than fused quartz/silica), nesoi,
70023900 unworked 6% A
Cast or rolled glass, in nonwired sheets, colored thru
the mass, opacified, flashed or w/absorbent,reflect. or
70031200 non-reflect.layer, not wkd. 1.40% A
70199010 Woven glass fiber articles (other than fabrics), nesoi 4.80% A
Glass fibers (including glass wool), nesoi, and articles
70199050 thereof, nesoi 4.30% A
Quartz reactor tubes and holders designed for insertion
into diffusion and oxidation furnaces for semiconductor
70200030 wafer production, nesoi Free I
71131930 Precious metal (o/than silver) clasps and parts thereof 5.80% A
72069000 Iron and nonalloy steel in primary forms (o/than ingots) Free I
Iron or nonalloy steel semifinished products, w/less
than 0.25% carbon, w/rect. cross sect.(incl. sq.),
72071100 w/width less than twice thickness Free I
72141000 Iron/nonalloy steel, forged bars and rods, not in coils Free I
72172015 Iron/nonalloy steel, flat wire, plated or coated with zinc Free I
72286080 Alloy steel (o/than tool), bars and rods, cold-formed Free I
73021010 Iron or nonalloy steel, rails for railway or tramway tracks Free I
73021050 Alloy steel, rails for railway or tramway tracks Free I
73182100 Iron or steel, spring washers and other lock washers 5.80% A
Iron or steel, washers (o/than spring washers and other
73182200 lock washers) Free I
73182300 Iron or steel, rivets Free I
73182400 Iron or steel, cotters and cotter pins 3.80% A
Iron or steel, nonthreaded articles similar to rivets,
73182900 cotters, cotter pins, washers and spring washers 2.80% A
73259910 Cast iron (o/than nonmalleable cast iron), articles nesoi Free I
73259950 Steel, cast articles nesoi 2.90% A
Iron or steel, forged or stamped grinding balls and
73261100 similar articles for mills Free I
75051130 Nickel (o/than alloy), bars and rods, not cold formed 2.60% A
75051150 Nickel (o/than alloy), profiles 3% A
75051210 Nickel alloy, bars and rods, cold formed 3% A
75051230 Nickel alloy, bars and rods, not cold formed 2.50% A
75062030 Nickel alloy, plates, sheets and strip, not cold formed 2.50% A
75062045 Nickel alloy, foil, w/thickness not over 0.15 mm 3% A
75062060 Nickel alloy, foil, w/thickness over 0.15 mm 3% A
75071100 Nickel (o/than alloy), tubes and pipes 2% A
75071200 Nickel alloy, tubes and pipes 2% A
75072000 Nickel, fittings for tubes and pipes 3% A
75081000 Nickel, wire cloth, grill and netting 3% A
75089010 Nickel, stranded wire 3% A
75089050 Nickel, articles of nesoi 3% A
Aluminum (o/than alloy), unwrought, in coils, w/uniform
x-section throughout length & w/least cross-sectional
76011030 dimension n/o 9.5 mm 2.60% A
76011060 Aluminum (o/than alloy), unwrought nesoi Free I
Aluminum alloys, unwrought, in coils, w/uniform x-
section throughout length & w/least cross-sectional
76012030 dimension n/o 9.5 mm 2.60% A
Aluminum alloys, w/25% or more by weight of silicon,
76012060 unwrought nesoi 2.10% A
76012090 Aluminum alloys nesoi, unwrought nesoi Free I
76020000 Aluminum, waste and scrap Free I
76031000 Aluminum, powders of non-lamellar structure 5% A
Aluminum, powders of lamellar structure; aluminum
76032000 flakes 3.90% A
76041010 Aluminum (o/than alloy), profiles 5% A
Aluminum (o/than alloy), bar and rods, with a round
76041030 cross section 2.60% A
Aluminum (o/than alloy), bar and rods, other than with a
76041050 round cross section 3% A
76042100 Aluminum alloy, hollow profiles 1.50% A
76042910 Aluminum alloy, profiles (o/than hollow profiles) 5% A
Aluminum alloy, bars and rods, having a round cross
76042930 section 2.60% A
Aluminum alloy, bars and rodss, other than with a
76042950 round cross section 3% A
Aluminum (o/than alloy), wire, with a maximum cross-
76051100 sectional dimension over 7 mm 2.60% A
Aluminum (o/than alloy), wire, with a maximum cross-
76051900 sectional dimension of 7 mm or less 4.20% A
Aluminum alloy, wire, with a maximum cross-sectional
76052100 dimension over 7 mm 2.60% A
Aluminum alloy, wire, with a maximum cross-sectional
76052900 dimension of 7 mm or less 4.20% A
Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip, w/thick.
76061130 o/0.2mm, rectangular (incl. sq), not clad 3% A
76072050 Aluminum, foil, w/thickness n/o 0.2 mm, backed, nesoi Free I
76081000 Aluminum (o/than alloy), tubes and pipes 5.70% A
76082000 Aluminum alloy, tubes and pipes 5.70% A
76090000 Aluminum, fittings for tubes and pipes 5.70% A
Aluminum, doors, windows and their frames and
76101000 thresholds for doors 5.70% A
Aluminum, structures and parts of structures, nesoi;
aluminum plates, rods, profiles, tubes and the like
76109000 prepared for use in structures 5.70% A
Aluminum, reservoirs, tanks, vats & like containers for
any material (o/than compressed or liq. gas),
76110000 w/capacity o/300 l, not fitted w/ 2.60% A
Aluminum, collapsible tubular containers, w/capacity of
76121000 300 l or less 2.40% A
Aluminum, casks, drums & like containers, for any
material (o/than compressed or liq. gas), w/cap. n/o 20
76129010 l, n/fitted w/mech/thermal 5.70% A
Aluminum, casks, drums & like containers, for any
material (o/thna compressed or liq. gas), w/cap. o/20
76129050 but n/o 300 l, n/fitted w/mech Free I
9.1 cents/kg on
molybdenum
81021000 Molybdenum, powders content + 1.2% A
13.9 cents/kg
Molybdenum, unwrought (including bars and rods on molybdenum
81029400 obtained simply by sintering) content + 1.9% A
Molybdenum bars and rods (o/than those obtained
81029530 simply by sintering) 6.60% A
81029560 Molybdenum profiles, plates, sheets, strip and foil 6.60% A
81029600 Molybdenum wire 4.40% A
81029700 Molybdenum waste and scrap Free I
81029900 Molybdenum, articles nesoi 3.70% A
Tantalum, unwrought (including bars and rods obtained
81032000 simply by sintering); tantalum powders 2.50% A
81033000 Tantalum waste and scrap Free I
81039000 Tantalum, articles nesoi 4.40% A
Magnesium, unwrought, containing at least 99.8
81041100 percent by weight of magnesium 8% A
81041900 Magnesium, unwrought, nesoi 6.50% A
81042000 Magnesium, waste and scrap Free I
Magnesium, raspings, turnings and granules graded
81043000 according to size; magnesium powders 4.40% A
14.8 cents/kg
on magnesium
81049000 Magnesium, articles nesoi content + 3.5% A
81052030 Cobalt alloys, unwrought 4.40% A
81052060 Cobalt (other than alloys), unwrought Free I
Cobalt, mattes and other intermediate products of
81052090 cobalt metallurgy; cobalt powders Free I
81053000 Cobalt waste and scrap Free I
81059000 Cobalt, articles thereof nesoi 3.70% A
Bismuth (including waste & scrap) and articles thereof,
81060000 nesoi Free I
81072000 Cadmium, unwrought; cadmium powders Free I
81073000 Cadmium waste and scrap Free I
81079000 Cadmium, articles thereof nesoi 4.40% A
81082000 Titanium, unwrought; titanium powders 15% A
81083000 Titanium waste and scrap Free I
81089030 Titanium, articles nesoi 5.50% A
81089060 Titanium, wrought nesoi 15% A
81092000 Zirconium, unwrought; zirconium powders 4.20% A
81093000 Zirconium waste and scrap Free I
81099000 Zirconium, articles, nesoi 3.70% A
81101000 Antimony, unwrought; antimony powders Free I
81102000 Antimony waste and scrap Free I
81109000 Articles of antimony, nesoi Free I
81110030 Manganese, waste and scrap Free I
UNWROUGHT MANGANESE FLAKE CONTAINING
AT LEAST 99.5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT
81110047 MANGANESE 14% A
81110049 UNWROUGHT MANGANESE, NESOI 14% A
Manganese (o/than waste and scrap, unwrought) and
81110060 articles thereof, nesoi 3.70% A
81121200 Beryllium, unwrought; beryllium powders 8.50% A
81121300 Beryllium waste and scrap Free I
81121900 Beryllium, articles nesoi 5.50% A
81122100 Chromium, unwrought; chromium powders 3% A
81122200 Chromium waste and scrap Free I
81130000 Cermets (including waste & scrap) and articles thereof 3.70% A
82011000 Spades and shovels and base metal parts thereof Free I
82012000 Forks (hand tools) and base metal parts thereof Free I
Mattocks, picks, hoes and rakes and base metal parts
82013000 thereof Free I
82014030 Machetes, and base metal parts thereof Free I
Axes, bill hooks and similar hewing tools (o/than
82014060 machetes), and base metal parts thereof 6.20% A
82024060 Chain saw blades and base metal parts thereof, nesoi Free I
82029130 Hacksaw blades for working metal Free I
Straight saw blades for working metal (o/than hacksaw
82029160 blades), and base metal parts thereof Free I
82029900 Saw blades nesoi, and base metal parts thereof Free I
Base metal scissors, tailors' shears and similar shears, 1.7 cents each
82130030 and blades thereof, valued n/o $1.75 per dozen + 4.3% A
Base metal pinking shears, and blades thereof, valued 8 cents each +
82130060 over $30 per dozen 8% A
Base metal scissors, tailors' shears and similar shears
(o/than pinking shears val o$30/dz), and base metal 3 cents each +
82130090 parts, val. o/$1.75 per dozen 3% A
83059030 Base metal paper clips and base metal parts thereof Free I
Base metal letter clips, letter corners, indexing tags and
similar office articles nesoi, and base metal parts
83059060 thereof 5.70% A
Base metal, nonelectric bells, gongs, and the like, and
83061000 base metal parts thereof 5.80% A
Base metal statuettes and other ornaments plated
83062100 w/prec. metal, and base metal parts thereof 4.50% A
Base metal statuettes and other ornaments not plated
83062900 w/prec.metal, and base metal parts thereof Free I
Base metal photograph, picture or similar frames; base
83063000 metal mirrors; base metal parts thereof 2.70% A
83071030 Iron or steel flexible tubing, with fittings 3.80% A
83071060 Iron or steel flexible tubing, without fittings 3.80% A
Base metal (o/than iron or steel) flexible tubing, with
83079030 fittings 3.80% A
Base metal (o/than iron or steel) flexible tubing, without
83079060 fittings 3.80% A
Base metal hooks, eyes, and eyelets, of a kind used for
clothing, footwear, awnings, handbags, travel goods, or 1.1 cents/kg +
83081000 other made up articles 2.9% A
Iron or steel bifurcated rivets, not brightened, not lathed
83082030 and not machined Free I
Base metal tubular or bifurcated rivets (o/than of iron or
83082060 steel) Free I
83089030 Base metal beads and spangles Free I
84061090 Vapor turbines (other than steam) for marine propulsion Free I
Steam turbines other than for marine propulsion, of an
84068110 output exceeding 40 MW 6.70% A
84069075 Parts of vapor turbines other than steam turbines, other Free I
Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal
84071000 combustion piston engines for use in aircraft Free I
84249010 Parts of simple piston pump sprays and powder bellows 2.90% A
84249020 Parts of sand blasting machines Free I
Parts of mechanical appliances for projecting,
dispersing or spraying liquids or powders, fire
84249090 extinguishers and similar machines, nesi Free I
84332000 Mowers nesi, including cutter bars for tractor mounting Free I
84333000 Haymaking machinery other than mowers Free I
84334000 Straw or fodder balers, including pick-up balers Free I
84335100 Combine harvester-threshers Free I
Threshing machinery other than combine harvester-
84335200 threshers Free I
84335300 Root or tuber harvesting machines Free I
84335900 Harvesting machinery or threshing machinery, nesi Free I
Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruit or
84336000 other agricultural produce Free I
84339010 Parts of mowers for lawns, parks or sports grounds Free I
84339050 Parts for machinery of heading 8433, nesi Free I
84341000 Milking machines Free I
84342000 Dairy machinery other than milking machines Free I
84349000 Parts for milking machines and dairy machinery Free I
Presses, crushers and similar machinery used in the
manufacture of wine, cider, fruit juices or similar
84351000 beverages Free I
Parts of presses, crushers and similar machinery used
in the manufacture of wine, cider, fruit juices or similar
84359000 beverages Free I
84361000 Machinery for preparing animal feeds Free I
84362100 Poultry incubators and brooders Free I
84362900 Poultry-keeping machinery Free I
Agricultural, horticultural, forestry or bee-keeping
84368000 machinery, nesi Free I
Parts of poultry-keeping machinery or poultry
84369100 incubators and brooders Free I
Parts for agricultural, horticultural, forestry or bee-
84369900 keeping machinery, nesi Free I
Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading seed, grain or
84371000 dried leguminous vegetables Free I
Machinery used in the milling industry or for the working
of cereals or dried leguminous vegetables, other than
84378000 farm type machinery Free I
Parts for machinery used in the milling industry or for
cleaning,sorting,grading or working of cereals or dried
84379000 leguminous vegetables Free I
84662010 Work holders for machine tools used in cutting gears 4.60% A
Work holders for the machine tools described in
84662040 additional U.S. note 3 to chapter 84 Free I
Work holders for machine tools other than those used
84662080 in cutting gears, nesoi 3.70% A
Dividing heads for use solely or principally for machine
84663010 tools of headings 8456 to 8465 3.70% A
84663045 Special attachments mach, us note 3 ch 84, nesoi Free I
Special attachments (which are machines) use solely or
principally for machines of heading 8456 to 8465,
84663060 excluding dividing heads, nesoi 2.90% A
Special attachments for use solely or principally for
84663080 machine tools of headings 8456 to 8465, nesoi 8% A
84791000 Machinery for public works, building or the like, nesi Free I
Machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or
84792000 fixed vegetable fats or oils, nesi Free I
Presses for making particle board or fiber building
board of wood or other ligneous materials, and mach.
84793000 for treat. wood or cork, nesi Free I
84794000 Rope- or cable-making machines nesi Free I
84829915 Inner or outer rings or races for taper roller bearings 5.80% A
84829925 Inner or outer rings or races for other bearings, nesi 5.80% A
Parts of ball bearings (including parts of ball bearings
84829935 with integral shafts), nesi 9.90% A
84829945 Parts of tapered roller bearings, nesi 5.80% A
84829965 Parts of other ball or roller bearings, nesi 5.80% A
Camshafts and crankshafts for use solely or principally
with spark-ignition internal-combustion piston or rotary
84831010 engines 2.50% A
84831030 Camshafts and crankshafts nesi 2.50% A
Transmission shafts and cranks other than camshafts
84831050 and crankshafts Free I
84839050 Parts of gearing, gear boxes and other speed changers 2.50% A
84839070 Parts of articles of subheading 8483.20 5.50% A
84839080 Parts of transmission equipment, nesi 2.80% A
85030090 Parts for electric generators suitable for use on aircraft Free I
85459020 Arc light carbons of a kind used for electrical purposes Free I
Lamp carbons, battery carbons and articles of graphite
or other carbon nesi, of a kind used for electrical
85459040 purposes Free I
85461000 Electrical insulators of glass 2.90% A
85462000 Electrical insulators of ceramics 3% A
Electrical insulators of any material, other than glass or
85469000 ceramics Free I
Ceramic insulators to be used in the production of
spark plugs for natural gas fueled, stationary, internal-
85471040 combustion engines 3% A
Insulating fittings for electrical machines, appliances or
85471080 equipment, of ceramics nesi 3% A
Insulating fittings for electrical machines, appliances or
85472000 equipment, of plastics Free I
Electrical conduit tubing and joints therefor, of base
metal lined with insulating material; insulating fittings for
85479000 electrical goods nesi 4.60% A
87149250 Pts. & access. for bicycles & o/cycles, wheel spokes 10% A
Pts. & access. for bicycles & o/cycles, aluminum alloy
hubs, w/hollow axle and lever-operated quick release
87149305 mechanism Free I
Pts. & access. for bicycles & o/cycles, 3-speed hubs
87149315 nesoi Free I
Pts. & access. for bicycles & o/cycles, 2-speed hubs,
87149324 w/internal gear changing mechanisms, nesoi Free I
88052100 Air combat ground flying simulators and parts thereof Free I
Ground flying trainers and parts thereof, other than air
88052900 combat simulators Free I
Vessels, designed for the transport of persons, cruise
ships, excursion boats and similar vessels; ferry boats
89011000 of all kinds Free I
The rate
applicable to
Parts and accessories, for binoculars, monoculars, the article of
optical telescopes, or astronomical instruments, incorp. which it is a part
90059040 good or 9001 or 9002 or accessory A
The rate
applicable to
Parts and accessories, including mountings, for the article of
binoculars, monoculars, other optical telescopes, and which it is a part
90059080 other astronomical instruments, nesi or accessory A
Photographic cameras of a kind used for preparing
90061000 printing plates or cylinders Free I
The rate
applicable to
Parts and accessories for surveying, hydrographic, the article of
oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or which it is a part
90159000 geophysical instruments and appliances or accessory A
The rate
applicable to
Parts and accessories for drawing, marking-out or the article of
mathematical calculating instruments, and for hand- which it is a part
90179000 held instruments for measuring length or accessory A
90181130 Electrocardiographs Free I
90181160 Printed circuit assemblies for electrocardiographs Free I
Parts and accessories of electrocardiographs, other
90181190 than printed circuit assemblies Free I
The rate
Parts & accessories of hydrometers & like floating applicable to
instruments, the article of
thermometers,pyrometers,barometers,hygrometers,psy which it is a part
90259000 chrometers & combinations or accessory A
Electrical instruments and apparatus for measuring or
90261020 checking the flow or level of liquids Free I
Flow meters, other than electrical, for measuring or
90261040 checking the flow of liquids Free I
Instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking
the level of liquids, other than flow meters, non-
90261060 electrical Free I
Electrical instruments and apparatus for measuring or
90262040 checking the pressure of liquids or gases Free I
51 cents each +
6.25% on the
case and strap,
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious band or
metal, electrically operated, with mechanical display bracelet + 5.3%
91011140 only, with 0-1 jewel in mvmt on the battery A
87 cents each +
6.25% on the
case and strap,
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious band or
metal, electrically operated, with mechanical display bracelet + 5.3%
91011180 only, w/more than 1 jewel in mvmt on the battery A
Straps/bands/bracelets of tex. mat. or base metal,
whether or not gold- or silver-plated entered with wrist
91011220 watches of subheading 9101.12.80 Free I
Straps, bands or bracelets, nesi, entered with wrist
watches of subheading 9101.12.80 and classifiable
91011240 therewith Free I
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious
metal, electrically operated, with opto-electronic display
91011280 only Free I
41 cents each +
5% on case and
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious strap, band or
metal, electrically operated, with both opto-electronic bracelet + 4.2%
91011940 and mechanical displays, 0-1 jewel on the battery A
61 cents each +
4.4% on case
and strap, band
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious or bracelet +
metal, electrically operated, w/both opto-electronic & 3.7% on the
91011980 mechanical displays, over 1 jewel battery A
Straps/bands/bracelets of tex. mat. or base metal,
whether or not gold- or silver-plated entered with wrist
91012110 watches of subheading 9101.21.50 3.10% A
Straps, bands or bracelets, nesi, entered with wrist
watches of subheading 9101.21.50 and classifiable
91012130 therewith 3.10% A
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious
metal, not electrically operated, with automatic winding,
91012150 with over 17 jewels in mvmt Free I
$1.61 each +
4.4% on the
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious case and strap,
metal, not electrically operated, with automatic winding, band or
91012180 w/17 jewels or less in mvmt bracelet A
40 cents each +
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious 5% on the case
metal, not electrically operated, not automatic winding, and strap, band
91012910 with 0-1 jewel in mvmt or bracelet A
$2.28 each +
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious 5% on the case
metal, not electrically operated, n/auto winding, 8-17 and strap, band
91012930 jewels, mvmt n/o $15 & n/o 15.2 mm or bracelet A
$1.92 each +
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious 5% on the case
metal, not electrically operated, n/auto winding, 8-17 and strap, band
91012940 jewels, mvmt n/o $15 & ov 15.2 mm or bracelet A
90 cents each +
4.4% on the
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious case and strap,
metal, not electrically operated, not automatic winding, band or
91012950 8-17 jewels, movement over $15 bracelet A
Straps/bands/bracelets of tex. mat. or base metal,
whether or not gold- or silver-plated entered with wrist
91012970 watches of subheading 9101.29.90 3.10% A
Straps, bands or bracelets, nesi, entered with wrist
watches of subheading 9101.29.90 and classifiable
91012980 therewith 3.10% A
Wrist watches with cases of or clad with precious
metal, not electrically operated, not automatic winding,
91012990 w/over 17 jewels in the mvmt Free I
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, electrically operated, with opto-
91019120 electronic display only Free I
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, electrically operated, with 0-1 jewel in
91019140 mvmt, n/optoelec. display Free I
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, electrically operated, over 1 jewel in
91019180 mvmt, n/optoelec. display Free I
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, not electrically operated, with 0-7
91019920 jewels in the mvmt Free I
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, not electrically operated, w/8-17 jewels 98 cents each +
91019940 in mvmt, mvmt n/o $15 ea 3% on the case A
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, not electrically operated, w/8-17 jewels
91019960 in mvmt, mvmt over $15 ea Free I
Watches (excl. wrist watches) with cases of or clad with
precious metal, not electrically operated, with over 17
91019980 jewels in the mvmt Free I
44 cents each +
6% on the case
+ 14% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical strap, band or
display only, 0-1 jewel, gold/silver-plated case, band of bracelet + 5.3%
91021110 textile mat. or base metal on the battery A
40 cents each +
8.5% on the
case + 14% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical or bracelet +
display only, 0-1 jewel, case nesoi, with band of textile 5.3% on the
91021125 material or base metal battery A
44 cents each +
6% on the case
+ 2.8% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical strap, band or
display only, 0-1 jewel, gold- or silver-plated case, with bracelet + 5.3%
91021130 band of material nesoi on the battery A
40 cents each +
8.5% on the
case + 2.8% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical or bracelet +
display only, 0-1 jewel, case nesoi, with band of 5.3% on the
91021145 material nesoi battery A
80 cents each +
6% on the case
+ 14% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical strap, band or
display only, over 1 jewel, gold/silver-plated case, band bracelet + 5.3%
91021150 of textile or base metal on the battery A
76 cents each +
8.5% on the
case + 14% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical or bracelet +
display only, over 1 jewel, case nesoi, with band of 5.3% on the
91021165 textile material or base metal battery A
80 cents each +
6% on the case
+ 2.8% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical strap, band or
display only, over 1 jewel, gold- or silver-case, with bracelet + 5.3%
91021170 band of material nesoi on the battery A
76 cents each +
8.5% on the
case + 2.8% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, mechanical or bracelet +
display only, over 1 jewel, case nesoi, with band of 5.3% on the
91021195 material nesoi battery A
Straps/bands/bracelets of tex. mat. or base metal,
whether or not gold- or silver-plated entered with wrist
91021220 watches of subheading 9102.12.80 Free I
Straps, bands or bracelets, nesi, entered with wrist
watches of subheading 9102.12.80 and classifiable
91021240 therewith Free I
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, with opto-
91021280 electronic display only Free I
32 cents each +
4.8% on the
case + 11% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, w/both or bracelet +
optoelectronic & mechanical displays, 0-1 jewel, band 4.2% on the
91021920 of textile material or base metal battery A
32 cents each +
4.8% on the
case + 2.2% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, w/both or bracelet +
optoelectronic & mechanical displays, 0-1 jewel, band 4.2% on the
91021940 of material nesoi battery A
57 cents each +
4.5% on the
case + 10.6%
on the strap,
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, w/both band or
optoelectronic & mechanical displays, over 1 jewel, bracelet + 4%
91021960 band of textile mat. or base metal on the battery A
57 cents each +
4.5% on the
case + 2.1% on
the strap, band
Wrist watches nesoi, electrically operated, w/both or bracelet +
optoelectronic & mechanical displays, over 1 jewel, 4% on the
91021980 band of material nesoi battery A
75 cents each +
6% on the case
+ 14% on the
Wrist watches nesi, automatic winding, 0-1 jewel, watch strap, band or
91022110 band of textile material or base metal bracelet A
75 cents each +
6% on the case
+ 2.8% on the
Wrist watches nesi, automatic winding, 0-1 jewel, watch strap, band or
91022125 band not of textile material or base metal bracelet A
$1.75 each +
4.8% on the
case + 11.2%
on the strap,
Wrist watches nesi, automatic winding, 2-17 jewels, band or
91022130 watch band of textile material or base metal bracelet A
$1.75 each +
4.8% on the
case + 2.2% on
Wrist watches nesi, automatic winding, 2-17 jewels, the strap, band
91022150 watch band not of textile material or base metal or bracelet A
$1.53 each +
4.2% on the
case + 9.8% on
Wrist watches nesi, automatic winding, over 17 jewels, the strap, band
91022170 watch band of textile material or base metal or bracelet A
$1.53 each +
4.2% on the
case + 2% on
Wrist watches nesi, automatic winding, over 17 jewels, the strap, band
91022190 watch band not of textile material or base metal or bracelet A
Straps/bands/bracelets of tex. mat. or base metal,
whether or not gold- or silver-plated entered with wrist
91022902 watches of subheading 9102.29.04 14% A
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not
autowind, 0-1 jewel, entered with straps/bands/bracelet 40 cents each +
91022904 of tex. mat. or base metal 6% on the case A
40 cents each +
6% on the case
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not + 2.8% on the
automatic winding, 0-1 jewel, with strap/band/bracelet strap, band or
91022910 of material nesoi bracelet A
58 cents each +
4.6% on the
case + 10.6%
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not on the strap,
automatic winding, 2-7 jewels, with strap/band of textile band or
91022915 material or base metal bracelet A
56 cents each +
4.4% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not case + 2% on
automatic winding, 2-7 jewels, with strap/band/bracelet the strap, band
91022920 of material nesoi or bracelet A
$2.19 each +
4.8% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not case + 2.2% on
automatic winding, 8-17 jewels, movement n/o $15 & the strap, band
91022930 n/o 15.2 mm, band of material nesoi or bracelet A
$1.61 each +
4.2% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, case + 9.8% on
n/autowinding, 8-17 jewel, mvmt n/o $15 & ov 15.2 mm, the strap, band
91022935 band of textile material or base metal or bracelet A
$1.83 each +
4.8% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, case + 2.2% on
n/autowinding, 8-17 jewel, mvmt n/o $15 & over 15.2 the strap, band
91022940 mm, with band of material nesoi or bracelet A
93 cents each +
4.8% on the
case + 11.2%
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not auto on the strap,
winding, 8-17 jewels, movement over $15 each, with band or
91022945 band of textiles or base metal bracelet A
93 cents each +
4.8% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not auto case + 2.2% on
winding, 8-17 jewels, mvmt over $15 each, with band the strap, band
91022950 of material nesoi or bracelet A
$1.55 each +
4.2% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not case + 9.9% on
automatic winding, over 17 jewels in the mvmt, with the strap, band
91022955 band of textiles or base metal or bracelet A
$1.75 each +
4.8% on the
Wrist watches nesoi, not electrically operated, not case + 2.2% on
automatic winding, over 17 jewels in the movement, the strap, band
91022960 with band of material nesoi or bracelet A
3.9% on the
movement and
Watches (excl. wrist watches) nesoi, electrically case + 5.3% on
91029120 operated, with opto-electronic display only the battery A
40 cents each +
6% on the case
Watches (excl. wrist watches) nesoi, electrically + 5.3% on the
91029140 operated, with 0-1 jewel in the movement battery A
2.6% on the
Clocks with watch movements, excluding clocks of movement and
heading 9104, electrically operated, with opto- case + 3.6% on
91031020 electronic display only the battery A
24 cents each +
Clocks with watch movements, excluding clocks of 4.5% on the
heading 9104, electrically operated, with 0-1 jewel in case + 3.5% on
91031040 the movement the battery A
48 cents each +
Clocks with watch movements, excluding clocks of 4.6% on the
heading 9104, electrically operated, with over 1 jewel in case + 3.5% on
91031080 the movement the battery A
24 cents each +
Clocks with watch movements, excluding clocks of 4.6% on the
91039000 heading 9104, not electrically operated case A
2.6% on the
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, air/spacecraft, movement and
vessels, clock movement over 50 mm wide, opto- case + 3.5% on
91040005 electronic display only, n/o $10 each the battery A
20 cents each +
4.3% on the
Instrument panel clocks for veh., air/spacecraft, movement and
vessels, clock mvmt over 50 mm wide, electric, nt case + 3.5% on
91040010 optoelectronic display, n/o $10 each the battery A
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, air/spacecraft,
vessels, w/clock movement over 50 mm wide, valued 30 cents each +
91040020 n/o $10 each, nonelectric 6.4% A
3.9% on the
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, air/spacecraft, movement and
vessels, w/clock movement ov 50 mm wide, opto- case + 5.3% on
91040025 electronic display only, ov $10 each the battery A
30 cents each +
4.3% on the
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, movement and
air/spacecraft,vessels, w/clock mvmt ov 50 mm wide, case + 3.5% on
91040030 electric, nt optoelectronic display, ov $10 each the battery A
2.6% on the
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, movement and
air/spacecraft,vessels, w/watch or clock movement < case + 3.5% on
91040045 50 mm wide, opto-electronic display only the battery A
20 cents each +
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, air/spacecraft, 4.6% on the
vessels, w/watch or clock movement < 50 mm wide, case + 3.5% on
91040050 electric, not opto-electronic display the battery A
Instrument panel clocks for vehicles, air/spacecraft or 19 cents each +
vessels, w/clock or watch movement < 50 mm wide, 4.5% on the
91040060 nonelectric case A
3.9% on the
movement and
Alarm clocks nesoi, electrically operated, with opto- case + 5.3% on
91051140 electronic display only the battery A
30 cents each +
6.9% on the
Alarm clocks nesoi, electrically operated, other than case + 5.3% on
91051180 with opto-electronic display only the battery A
Alarm clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, movement 30 cents each +
measuring not over 50 mm, not designed to operate 6.9% on the
91051910 over 47 hrs without rewinding case A
Alarm clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, movement 60 cents each +
measuring n/o 50 mm, designed to operate over 47 hrs 6.9% on the
91051920 w/o rewinding, with 0-1 jewel case A
43 cents each +
Alarm clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, movement 2.8 cents/jewel
measuring n/o 50 mm, designed to operate over 47 hrs over 7 + 3.7%
91051930 w/o rewinding, over 1 jewel on the case A
Alarm clocks nesoi, not electrically operated,
movement measuring over 50 mm in width or diameter, 15 cents each +
91051940 valued not over $5 each 6.4% A
Alarm clocks nesoi, not electrically operated,
movement measuring over 50 mm in width or diameter, 23 cents each +
91051950 valued over $5 each 3.2% A
3.9% on the
movement and
Wall clocks nesoi, electrically operated, with opto- case+ 5.3% on
91052140 electronic display only the battery A
30 cents each +
6.9% on the
Wall clocks nesoi, electrically operated, other than with case + 5.3% on
91052180 opto-electronic display only the battery A
Wall clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, mvmt 20 cents each +
measuring n/o 50 mm, not designed or constr. to 4.6% on the
91052910 operate over 47 hrs without rewinding case A
3.9% on the
movement and
Clocks nesoi, electrically operated, with opto-electronic case+ 5.3% on
91059140 display only the battery A
30 cents each +
6.9% on the
Clocks nesoi, electrically operated, other than with opto- case + 5.3% on
91059180 electronic display only the battery A
17 cents each +
Standard marine chronometers nesi, having spring- 2.5% + 1
91059910 detent escapements cents/jewel A
Clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, mvmt not over
50 mm in width or diameter, not designed to operate for
91059920 over 47 hrs without rewinding Free I
Clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, mvmt not over
50 mm in width or diameter, 0-1 jewel, designed to
91059930 operate ov 47 hrs w/o rewinding Free I
Clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, mvmt not over
50 mm in width or diameter, over 1 jewel, designed to
91059940 operate ov 47 hrs w/o rewinding Free I
Clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, movement
measuring over 50 mm in width or diameter, valued not 7.5 cents each
91059950 over $5 each + 3.2% A
Clocks nesoi, not electrically operated, movement
measuring over 50 mm in width or diameter, valued 23 cents each +
91059960 over $5 each 3.2% A
36 cents each +
5.6% + 2
91061000 Time registers; time recorders cents/jewel A
36 cents each +
5.6% + 2
91062000 Parking meters cents/jewel A
36 cents each +
5.6% + 2
91069040 Time locks valued over $10 each cents/jewel A
3.9% on the
Apparatus for meas., recording or indicating time apparatus +
intervals, w/watch or clock mvmt., battery powered, 5.3% on the
91069055 w/opto-electronic display only battery A
Other apparatus for meas., recording or otherwise 15 cents each +
indicating time intervals, w/watch or clock mvmt., 2.3% + 0.8
91069065 battery powered, nesi cents/jewel A
Apparatus for meas., recording or indicating time
intervals, w/watch or clock mvmt., AC powered, w/opto-
91069075 electronic display only 3.90% A
4.3% + 1.7
cents/jewel +
0.2 cents for
each other
piece or part,
but if consisting
in part of a
plate or a set of
plates the total
duty shall not
exceed the duty
Incomplete clock movements consisting of 2 or more for the complete
91109040 pieces or parts fastened or joined together movement A
91109060 Incomplete clock movements, nesi 4.20% A
Watch cases of precious metal or of metal clad with 12 cents each +
91111000 precious metal 4.8% A
7 cents each +
91112020 Watch cases of gold- or silver-plated base metal 5.4% A
3.6 cents each
91112040 Watch cases of base metal not gold- or silver-plated + 7.6% A
Watch cases, not of precious metal, of metal clad with 3.6 cents each
91118000 precious metal or of base metal + 7.6% A
Parts of watch cases, of precious metal or of metal clad
91119040 with precious metal 6.40% A
Bezels, backs and centers, of watch cases, not of 1.6 cents each
91119050 precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal + 6.8% A
Parts of watch cases, other than bezels, backs and
centers, not of precious metal or of metal clad with
91119070 precious metal 6.40% A
Clock cases and cases of a similar type for other goods
91122040 of chapter 91, of metal 3.50% A
Clock cases and cases of a similar type for other goods
91122080 of chapter 91, other than cases of metal 5.50% A
Parts of clock cases and cases of a similar type for
91129000 other goods of chapter 91 5.50% A
Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets, of
precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal, and
91131000 parts thereof 4.50% A
Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets of
base metal, whether or not gold- or silver-plated,
91132020 valued not over $5 per dozen 11.20% A
Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets of
base metal, whether or not gold- or silver-plated,
91132040 valued over $5 per dozen 11.20% A
6% + 2.3
cents/jewel +
0.2 cents for
each other
piece or part,
but if consisting
in part of a
plate or a set of
plates the total
duty shall not
Assemblies and subassemblies for clock movements exceed the duty
consisting of 2 or more pieces or parts fastened or for the complete
91149030 joined inseparably together movement A
91149040 Watch parts, nesi 8.80% A
91149050 Clock parts, nesi 4.20% A
92011000 Upright pianos 4.70% A
92012000 Grand pianos 4.70% A
Keybd string. musical instru., o/than w/elect. sound or
ampl., pianos (incl. player pianos) nesoi; harpsichords
92019000 & oth keybd string. instr. 3.50% A
String musical instruments, o/than w/elect. sound or
92021000 ampl., played with a bow 3.20% A
String musical instruments, o/than w/elect. sound or
ampl., guitars, valued not over $100 each (excluding
92029020 the value of the case) 4.50% A
String musical instruments, o/than w/elect. sound or
ampl., guitars, valued over $100 each (excluding the
92029040 value of the case) 8.70% A
String musical instruments (o/than guitars or
instruments played with a bow), o/than w/elect. sound
92029060 or ampl. 4.60% A
92091000 Metronomes, tuning forks and pitch pipes of all kinds Free I
92092000 Mechanisms for music boxes Free I
92093000 Strings for musical instruments Free I
92099140 Tuning pins for pianos Free I
Parts & access. for pianos (o/than tuning pins and
92099180 strings) nesoi 4.20% A
Mutes, collapsible musical instru. stands, & music
holders for attachment to instru., all the foregoing, for
92099220 stringed music. instru. of 9202 3.90% A
Tuning pins for stringed musical instruments of heading 10 cents/1,000
92099240 9202 pins + 3.5% A
Bows, parts of bows, bow hair, chin rests and other
parts and accessories for stringed musical instru. of
92099260 9202 Free I
Parts & access. nesoi, for stringed musical instruments
92099280 of heading 9202 4.60% A
92099340 Parts & access. nesoi, for pipe organs Free I
92099980 Parts & access. nesoi, for musical instruments, nesoi 5.30% A
93011100 Self-propelled artillery weapons Free I
93011900 Artillery weapons other than self-propelled Free I
Rocket launchers; flame-throwers; grenade launchers;
93012000 torpedo tubes and similar projectors Free I
4.7% on the
value of the rifle
+ 20% on the
value of the
telescopic sight,
93019030 Rifles, military if any A
93019060 Shotguns, military 2.60% A
93019090 Military weapons, nesoi Free I
14 cents each +
93020000 Revolvers and pistols (o/than of heading 9303 or 9304) 3% A
93031000 Muzzle-loading firearms Free I
Shotguns (incl. comb. shotgun-rifles), for sport, hunting
93032000 or target-shooting 2.60% A
3.8% on the
value of the rifle
+ 10% on the
value of the
Rifles (o/than muzzle-loading), for sport, hunting or telescopic sight,
93033040 target-shootings, valued o/$25 but n/or $50 each if any A
3.1% on the
value of the rifle
+ 13% on the
Rifles (o/than muzzle-loading), for sport, hunting or value of the
target-shooting rifles, valued at $25 and under or o/$50 telescopic sight,
93033080 each if any A
Revolvers and pistols, designed to fire only blank
93039040 cartridges or blank ammunition 4.20% A
Firearms and similar devices that operate by the firing
93039080 of an explosive charge, nesoi Free I
Rifles that eject missiles by release of compressed air
or gas, or by the release of a spring mechanism or
93040020 rubber held under tension 3.90% A
Pistols & other guns (o/than rifles) that eject missiles by
release of comp. air or gas, a spring mechanism or
93040040 rubber held under tension Free I
93059110 Parts and accessories for military rifles of heading 9301 Free I
Parts and accessories for military shotguns of heading
93059120 9301 Free I
Parts and accessories for military weapons (other than
93059130 rifles and shotguns) of heading 9301 Free I
Parts and accessories for articles of heading 9303
93059940 other than shotguns or rifles Free I
Parts and accessories for articles of subheading
93059950 9304.00.20 or 9304.00.40 3.90% A
Parts and accessories for articles of headings 9301 to
93059960 9304, nesoi 2.90% A
Cartridges and pts. thereof, for riveting or similar tools
93061000 or for captive-bolt humane killers Free I
93062100 Cartridges, for shotguns Free I
93062900 Parts of cartridges for shotguns; air gun pellets Free I
93063040 Cartridges nesoi and empty cartridge shells Free I
93063080 Parts of cartridges nesoi Free I
Bombs, grenades, torpedoes, mines, missiles and
similar munitions of war and pts thereof; other
93069000 ammunition projectiles & pts. thereof Free I
94021000 Dentists', barbers' and similar chairs and parts thereof Free I
Medical, surgical, dental or veterinary furniture and
94029000 parts thereof Free I
Furniture (o/than seats) of metal nesoi, of a kind used
94031000 in offices Free I
Furniture (o/than seats) of metal nesoi, o/than of a kind
94032000 used in offices Free I
Furniture (o/than seats) of bentwood nesoi, of a kind
94033040 used in offices Free I
Furniture (o/than seats) of wood (o/than bentwood)
94033080 nesoi, of a kind used in offices Free I
Furniture (o/than seats) of bent-wood nesoi, of a kind
94034040 used in the kitchen Free I
Furniture (o/than seats) of wood (o/than bentwood)
nesoi, of a kind used in the kitchen & design. for motor
94034060 vehicle use Free I
95042080 Articles nesoi and parts and accessories, for billiards Free I
Coin- or token-operated games for arcade, table or
parlor (o/than bowling alley equipment) nesoi and parts
95043000 and accessories thereof Free I
95044000 Playing cards Free I
Game machines (o/than coin- or token-operated) and
95049040 parts and accessories thereof Free I
Chess, checkers, backgammon, darts and o/table and
parlor games played on boards of a special design and
95049060 parts thereof; poker chips and dice Free I
95066280 Inflatable balls (o/than footballs and soccer balls) nesoi 4.80% A
95066920 Baseballs and softballs Free I
Noninflatable hollow balls nesoi, w/diameter of 19 cm
95066940 or less 5.40% A
95066960 Noninflatable balls nesoi 4.90% A
96062200 Buttons, of base metal, not covered with textile material Free I
Buttons, of acrylic resin or polyester resin, or both 0.3 cents/line/
96062920 resins, covered with textile material gross + 4.5% A
0.18 cents/line/
96062940 Buttons, of pearl or shell gross + 2.5% A
96062960 Buttons, nesoi 2.90% A
96063040 Button blanks, of casein Free I
Button molds & parts of buttons; button blanks (o/than
96063080 casein) 6% A
96071100 Slide fasteners, fitted with chain scoops of base metal 10% A
Slide fasteners, not fitted with chain scoops of base
96071900 metal 13% A
96072000 Parts of slide fasteners 11.50% A
0.8 cents each
96081000 Pens, w/ball point + 5.4% A
96082000 Pens and markers, w/felt tip or other porous-tip 4% A
0.4 cents each
96083100 Pens, for drawing w/India ink + 2.7% A
0.4 cents each
96083900 Pens, fountain, stylograph and other pens, nesoi + 2.7% A
14 cents/gross
96091000 Pencils & crayons, with leads encased in a rigid sheath + 4.3% A
Pencil leads, black or colored, n/o 1.5 mm in maximum
96092020 cross-sectional dimension Free I
Pencil leads, black or colored, o/1.5 mm in maximum
96092040 cross-sectional dimension Free I
96099040 Tailors' chalks Free I
96139040 Parts for electrical cigarette lighters and similar lighters 3.90% A
Parts for nonelectrical cigarette lighters and similar
96139080 lighters 8% A
Roughly shaped blocks of wood or root, for the
96142010 manufacture of smoking pipes Free I
Smoking pipes (o/than roughly shaped blocks of wood
or root for the manufacture of smoking pipes) and pipe 0.4 cents each
96142015 bowls of wood or root + 3.2% A
Smoking pipes and bowls, wholly of clay, and other
96142060 smoking pipes w/bowls wholly of clay 3% A
96151120 Combs, of hard rubber, valued over $4.50 per gross 5.20% A
28.8
cents/gross +
96151130 Combs, of plastics, valued over $4.50 per gross 4.6% A
Hair slides and the like, of hard rubber or plastics, not
96151140 set with imitation pearls or imitation gemstones 5.30% A
Hair slides and the like, of hard rubber or plastics, set
96151150 w/imitation pearls or imit. gemstones Free I
Combs, not of hard rubber or plastics, valued n/o $4.50 9.7 cents/gross
96151920 per gross + 1.3% A
28.8
Combs, not of hard rubber or plastics, valued over cents/gross +
96151940 $4.50 per gross 4.6% A
96151960 Hair-slides and the like, not of hard rubber or plastics 11% A
A duty equal to
the duty upon
the importation
of like articles
not previously
exported, but in
no case in
excess of the
sum of (a) any
customs
drawback
proved to have
been allowed
upon such
exportation, and
(b) the duty
which would
Previously exported aircraft with benefit of drawback, have been
98010070 dutiable upon return payable on an A
Free, under
bond, as
Articles imported by certain organizations, only for prescribed in
exhibition to encourage agriculture, arts, education or U.S. Note 2 to
98120020 science this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Articles imported by any institution, society or state, or prescribed in
for a municipal corporation, for the purpose of erecting U.S. Note 2 to
98120040 a public monument this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Articles to be repaired, altered or processed (including prescribed in
processes which result in articles manufactured or U.S. Note 1 to
98130005 produced in the United States) this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Models of women's wearing apparel imported by prescribed in
manufacturers for use solely as models in their own U.S. Note 1 to
98130010 establishments this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Art. imp. by illustrators and photographers for use as prescribed in
models in their establishments, in illustrating of U.S. Note 1 to
98130015 catalogues or advertising matters this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
prescribed in
U.S. Note 1 to
98130020 Samples solely for use in taking orders for merchandise this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Articles for examination w/view to reproduction, or for prescribed in
such examination and reproduction; and motion-picture U.S. Note 1 to
98130025 advertising films this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Articles intended for testing, experimental or review prescribed in
purposes, incl. spec., photos and similar articles for use U.S. Note 1 to
98130030 in experiments or for stud this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Automobiles, and other vehicles and craft, and the prescribed in
usual equip.; all temporarily imported by nonresidents U.S. Note 1 to
98130035 for races or other specific contes this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Locomotives and other railroad equipment temporarily prescribed in
imported for use in clearing obstructions, fighting fire, U.S. Note 1 to
98130040 making emergency repairs, etc this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Containers for compressed gases, & containers, etc. prescribed in
for use for covering or holding merchandise during U.S. Note 1 to
98130045 transportation and suitable for reuse this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Professional equip., tools of trade, & repair components prescribed in
for such and camping equipment; imported by U.S. Note 1 to
98130050 nonresidents sojourning temp. in U.S. this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Articles of special design for temporary use exclusively prescribed in
in connection with the manufacture or production of U.S. Note 1 to
98130055 articles for export this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Animals and poultry brought into the U.S. for the prescribed in
purpose of breeding, exhibition or competition for U.S. Note 1 to
98130060 prizes, and the usual equipment therefo this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Art, engravings, photos & philo./scien. appar. imported prescribed in
by artist, lecturer or scientist for exhib. or promotion of U.S. Note 1 to
98130070 art, science & industry this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
Automobiles, chassis, bodies, cutaway portions of prescribed in
such, and parts for such, finished, unfinished or U.S. Note 1 to
98130075 cutaway, intended for show purposes this subchapter L
Free, under
bond, as
prescribed in
Tea, tea waste, and tea siftings and sweepings, for U.S. Note 1 to
98140050 manufacturing of chemical products this subchapter L
Products of American fisheries which have not been
landed in a foreign country, or landed solely for
98150020 transshipment Free I
Fish (except cod, cusk, haddock, hake, mackerel,
pollock and swordfish) landed abroad only for
98150040 evisceration and/or chilling or freezing Free I
Products of American fisheries, prepared or preserved
by American fishery on treaty coasts of Labrador,
98150060 Magdalen Isles or Newfoundland Free I
Articles for personal or household use, or as gifts,
valued not over $1,000, accompanying a person, 3 percent of the
98160020 arriving in the U.S. fair retail value A
Articles for personal or household use, or as gifts, 1.5 percent of
valued not over $1,000, accompanying a person the fair retail
98160040 arriving from an insular possessions value A
Monofilament gill nets or sections or parts of nets to be
98170020 used for fish sampling Free I
Nets (incl. section or parts) to be used in taking wild
birds under license issued by an appropriate Federal or
98170030 State government authority Free I
Visual or auditory material of educational, scientific or
cultural character (except toy models) per U.S. note
98170040 1(a) of subchapter XVII Free I
Holograms; microfilm, microfiche, etc.; the foregoing if
98170042 defined as visual or auditory materials Free I
Motion picture films if defined as visual or auditory
98170044 materials Free I
Sound, sound+visual, and magnetic recordings; video
discs, tapes, etc.; the foregoing if defined as visual or
98170046 auditory materials Free I
Various specific articles and kits used generally as aids
to learning or instruction, if defined as visual or auditory
98170048 materials Free I
Machinery, equipment and implements to be used for
98170050 agricultural or horticultural purposes Free I
Parts to be used in articles provided for in headings
98170060 8432, 8433, 8434, and 8436 Free I
Animals, game, imported to be liberated in the United
98170070 States for stocking purposes Free I
Articles of copper to be used in remanufacture by
melting, or by shredding, shearing, etc. rendering
98170080 suitable only for recovery of metal Free I
Specified unwrought metal and forms or articles of
metal for remanufacture or for recovery of the metal
98170090 content Free I
Books, music and pamphlets, in raised print, used
98170092 exclusively by or for the blind Free I
Braille tablets, cubarithms, and special apparatus,
machines, presses, and types for use by or benefit
98170094 exclusively of the blind Free I
The rate
applicable in
the absence of
Spare parts necessarily installed before first entry into this subheading
the U.S., upon first entry into the U.S. of each such on the cost of
98180005 spare part, etc. such parts A
50 percent of
Other equipment or parts, upon first arrival in any port the cost of such
of the U.S. of any vessel described in U.S. note 1 to goods or
98180007 subch. XVIII of chap. 98 repairs A
(a) For agricultural goods as defined in Article 3.32 (Definitions), the applicable base
rates of duty are the lower of the rates set out in this Schedule or the most-
favored-nation applied rates of duty in effect on the day immediately preceding
the date of entry into force of the Agreement.
(b) For all other goods, the base rates of duty set forth in this Schedule reflect the
most-favored-nation applied rates of duty under the Arancel de Importación de la
Républica de Panamá in effect on January 1, 2004.
3. Staging. In addition to the staging categories listed in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1, this
Schedule contains staging categories M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, and X:
(a) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category M shall
be removed in eight equal annual stages beginning on the date this Agreement
enters into force, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year
eight.
(b) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category N shall
be removed in the following manner: duties shall be reduced by three percent of
the base rate on the date this Agreement enters into force, and by an additional
three percent of the base rate on January 1 of year two. Duties shall be reduced
by an additional five percent of the base rate on January 1 of year three, and by an
additional five percent of the base rate on January 1 of each year thereafter
through year six. Duties shall be reduced by an additional 18 percent of the base
rate on January 1 of year seven, and by an additional 18 percent of the base rate
on January 1 of year eight. Duties shall be reduced by an additional 19 percent of
the base rate on January 1 of year nine, and such goods shall be duty-free,
effective January 1 of year ten.
(c) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category O shall
remain at base rates during years one and two. Beginning on January 1 of year
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-1
three, duties shall be reduced in eight equal annual stages, and such goods shall be
duty-free, effective January 1 of year ten.
(d) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category P shall
be removed in 11 equal annual stages beginning on the date this Agreement enters
into force, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 11.
(e) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category Q shall
be removed in 12 equal annual stages beginning on the date this Agreement enters
into force, and such goods shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 12.
(f) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category R shall
remain at base rates during years one through four. Beginning on January 1 of
year five, duties shall be reduced in eight equal annual stages, and such goods
shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 12.
(g) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category S shall
remain at base rates during years one through six. Beginning on January 1 of year
seven, duties shall be reduced in nine equal annual stages, and such goods shall be
duty-free, effective January 1 of year 15.
(h) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category T shall
remain at base rates during years one through ten. Beginning on January 1 of
year 11, duties shall be reduced in five equal annual stages, and such goods shall
be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 15.
(i) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category U shall
remain at base rates during years one through eight. Beginning on January 1 of
year nine, duties shall be reduced in eight equal annual stages, and such goods
shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 16.
(j) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category V shall
remain at base rates during years one through nine. Beginning on January 1 of
year ten, duties shall be reduced in seven equal annual stages, and such goods
shall be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 16.
(k) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category W shall
remain at base rates during years one through ten. Beginning on January 1 of
year 11, duties shall be reduced in eight equal annual stages, and such goods shall
be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 18.
(l) Duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category X shall
remain at base rates during years one through ten. Beginning on January 1 of
year 11, duties shall be reduced in ten equal annual stages, and such goods shall
be duty-free, effective January 1 of year 20.
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-2
Appendix I
Notes
2. Panama may use an auction system to implement and administer the tariff-rate quotas
(“TRQs”) provided for in paragraphs 9, 10, 20, 21, and 22 of this Appendix (“auctioned
TRQs”), provided that it meets the requirements in subparagraphs (b) through (f). The
Parties shall agree on the policies and procedures for the auction system and any changes
or amendments to them.
(a) Panama may delegate the operation of auctions under this system to a private
entity other than a producer group.
(i) all auction policies and procedures are transparent, nondiscriminatory, and
made available to the public, and, to that end, Panama shall disseminate
the policies and procedures applicable to each auction through widely
available publications, including on the websites of the relevant
authorities, no later than 21 days in advance of an auction;
(ii) such policies and procedures are developed and implemented in a manner
that minimizes the cost of participation in the auction and facilitates trade;
(iii) auctions are held on a regular basis and conducted in a timely fashion;
(iv) the auctioning body opens the first auction in year one on the first
business day after the date this Agreement enters into force, and for each
calendar year thereafter, the auctioning body opens the first auction not
later than December 1 of the previous calendar year;
(v) each auction remains open for a minimum of one business day or until the
in-quota quantity for the auction is fully allocated;
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-3
(vi) any in-quota quantity that has not been allocated during any auction and
any balance in the annual in-quota quantity are offered at scheduled
follow-up auctions that open within 45 days of the expiration of the
previous auction period, or earlier upon request of an eligible importer,
until the entire annual in-quota quantity has been allocated;
(x) any fees charged related to the auction system are limited to the cost of the
service rendered.
(c) Panama shall not condition access to the in-quota quantity on:
Notwithstanding clause (iv), the auctioning body may require an importer to fill
its allocation by the end of the calendar year.
(i) ensure that the auctioning body requires a performance bond from
importers;
(ii) provide that any importer that will not fill its TRQ allocation by the end of
the calendar year shall surrender the unfilled portion by September 1 of
each year;
(iii) ensure that the auctioning body holds a final auction by October 1 of each
year to reallocate surrendered or unallocated in-quota quantities; and
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-4
(iv) impose significant penalties on any importer that fails to import its
allocated quantity and fails to surrender the unfilled portion of its
allocation as provided in clause (ii), including forfeiture of the importer’s
performance bond as provided in clause (i) and loss of the right to
participate in an auction for two consecutive years, unless the United
States otherwise agrees.
(e) Panama shall deem the date of the bill of lading for a shipment to be the date on
which the quantity included in that shipment is counted for purposes of
determining the level of fill of an auctioned TRQ.
(f) Panama shall require that each member of the Board of Directors and the
management of the auctioning body files an annual asset disclosure statement and
does not participate in any decision where a conflict of interest or the appearance
of a conflict of interest exists.
(g) (i) If the annual in-quota quantity of an auctioned TRQ is not filled in two of
three consecutive years, the United States may request consultations on
the operation of the auction system with a view to identifying and
addressing the causes for the incomplete utilization of the in-quota
quantity.
(ii) The Parties shall hold consultations within 30 days of the request.
(iii) Panama shall implement any agreement that the Parties reach on the
means to eliminate impediments to full utilization of an auctioned TRQ
within 60 days or on such other date as the Parties may agree.
(h) At the request of either Party, the Parties shall consult on any matter related to the
application or operation of this paragraph. The consultations shall begin within
15 business days of the receipt of the request or on such other date as the Parties
may agree.
3. Panama may use a licensing system to implement and administer the TRQs provided for
in paragraphs 13, 14, and 25 of this Appendix, provided that, in addition to satisfying the
requirements of Article 3.14, Panama meets the requirements in subparagraphs (a) and
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-5
(b). The Parties shall agree on the policies and procedures for this licensing system and
any changes or amendments to them.
(a) Panama’s policies and procedures to implement and administer the TRQs shall be
transparent, nondiscriminatory, and made available to the public, and, to that end,
Panama shall disseminate its procedures through widely available publications,
including on the websites of its relevant authorities.
(i) 80 percent of the annual in-quota quantity of the relevant TRQ shall be
allocated, notwithstanding Article 3.14.2(b), to historical importers, and
the remainder shall be allocated to new importers on a nondiscriminatory
basis. Any remaining balance shall be allocated to interested importers on
a nondiscriminatory basis;
(ii) the allocation to historical importers shall be made to each such importer
in proportion to its share of total imports of the good of the United States
during the most recent 24-month period for which trade data is available;
(iii) a new importer that imports goods under the TRQ for three consecutive
years shall be considered a historical importer;
(iv) allocations shall be made and import licenses shall be made available in a
manner that allows importation under the TRQ to begin on the date of
entry into force of this Agreement and thereafter on January 1 of each
year;
(v) any importer that will not fill its TRQ allocation by the end of the calendar
year shall surrender the unfilled portion by October 1 of each year;
(vii) any importer that fails to import its allocated quantity and fails to
surrender the unfilled portion of its allocation as provided in clause (v)
shall be subject to significant penalties to be agreed by the Parties; and
(viii) import licenses shall be valid until the end of the calendar year.
(c) At the request of either Party, the Parties shall consult on any matter related to the
application or operation of this paragraph. The consultations shall begin within
15 business days of the receipt of the request or on such other date as the Parties
may agree.
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-6
historical importer means a person that imported the relevant good of the United
States during the prior three consecutive years;
new importer means a person that does not qualify as a historical importer; and
Pork
4. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 1,600
2 1,800
3 2,000
4 2,200
5 2,400
6 2,544
7 2,697
8 2,858
9 3,030
10 3,212
11 3,404
12 3,609
13 3,825
14 4,055
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category S in paragraph 3(g) of the General Notes of the Schedule of Panama to
Annex 3.3.
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-7
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 02031110, 02031120, 02031210, 02031290,
02031910, 02031920, 02031990, 02032110, 02032120, 02032210, 02032290,
02032910, 02032920, 02032990, 02101119, 02101190, 02101910, 02101929,
02101990, 16024111, 16024210, 16024290, and 16024919.
Pig Fat
5. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 636
2 674
3 715
4 757
5 803
6 851
7 902
8 956
9 1,014
10 1,075
11 1,139
12 1,207
13 1,280
14 1,357
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category E in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(e).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 02090011, 02090012, 02090019, 02090021,
02101111, and 02101921.
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-8
Certain Processed Pork Products
6. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 318
2 337
3 357
4 379
5 401
6 426
7 451
8 478
9 507
10 537
11 569
12 604
13 640
14 678
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category E in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(e).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 16024914, 16024915, and 16024990.
7. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-9
(Metric tons)
1 660
2 726
3 799
4 878
5 966
6 1,063
7 1,169
8 1,286
9 1,415
10 1,556
11 1,712
12 1,883
13 2,071
14 2,278
15 2,506
16 2,757
17 3,033
18 unlimited
The quantities shall be allocated and enter in accordance with the terms of an
Export Trade Certificate of Review (ETCR), provided an ETCR is approved
pursuant to the Export Trading Company Act of 1982, 15 U.S.C. §§ 4011-4021
(2000). There shall be no import licensing requirement for quantities allocated
and entered in accordance with the ETCR. If an ETCR is not approved, the
quantities shall be allocated in a manner to be established by mutual agreement of
Panama and the United States.
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a) shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging
category W in paragraph 3(k) of the General Notes of the Schedule of Panama to
Annex 3.3.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 02071319c (bone-in) and 02071419c (bone-
in).
Fluid Milk
8. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-10
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 11
2 11
3 12
4 12
5 13
6 13
7 14
8 15
9 16
10 16
11 17
12 18
13 19
14 20
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category G in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(g).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04011000, 04012010, 04012020, 04012090,
04013010, and 04013021.
9. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-11
1 2,625
2 2,756
3 2,894
4 3,039
5 3,191
6 3,350
7 3,518
8 3,694
9 3,878
10 4,072
11 4,276
12 4,490
13 4,714
14 4,950
15 5,197
16 5,457
17 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category H in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(h).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04021091, 04021092, 04021099, and
04039022.
10. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 53
2 55
3 58
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-12
4 61
5 64
6 67
7 70
8 74
9 78
10 81
11 86
12 90
13 94
14 99
15 104
16 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category U in paragraph 3(i) of the General Notes of the Schedule of
Panama to Annex 3.3.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04022191, 04022199, 04022991, 04022999,
and 04039023.
Yogurt
11. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 53
2 55
3 58
4 61
5 64
6 67
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-13
7 70
8 74
9 78
10 81
11 86
12 90
13 94
14 99
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category G in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(g).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04031010, 04031021, 04031022, 04031031,
04031032, 04031091, and 04031099.
Butter
12. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 116
2 121
3 127
4 134
5 140
6 147
7 155
8 163
9 171
10 179
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-14
11 188
12 198
13 207
14 218
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category G in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(g).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04051000, 04052010, 04052090, and
04059090.
Cheddar Cheese
13. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 364
2 379
3 394
4 409
5 426
6 443
7 461
8 479
9 498
10 518
11 539
12 560
13 583
14 606
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-15
15 630
16 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category U in paragraph 3(i) of the General Notes of the Schedule of
Panama to Annex 3.3.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04039013, 04069011, and 04069019.
Other Cheese
14. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 364
2 379
3 394
4 409
5 426
6 443
7 461
8 479
9 498
10 518
11 539
12 560
13 583
14 606
15 630
16 656
17 unlimited
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-16
The quantities shall be allocated and enter in accordance with paragraph 3.
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category H in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(h).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 04061010, 04061090, 04062010, 04062090,
04063000, 04064000, 04069020, and 04069090.
Ice Cream
15. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric Tons)
1 263
2 276
3 289
4 304
5 319
6 335
7 352
8 369
9 388
10 407
11 428
12 449
13 471
14 495
15 520
16 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-17
staging category V in paragraph 3(j) of the General Notes of the Schedule of
Panama to Annex 3.3.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 21050010, 21050091, and 21050099.
16. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 137
2 143
3 150
4 158
5 166
6 174
7 183
8 192
9 202
10 212
11 222
12 233
13 245
14 257
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category G in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(g).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 19011019, 19019023, 22029011, and
22029019.
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-18
Fresh or Chilled Potatoes
17. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 765
2 780
3 796
4 812
5 828
6 845
7 862
8 879
9 896
10 914
11 933
12 951
13 970
14 990
15 1,010
After year 15, the in-quota quantity shall increase in each year by two percent of
the previous year’s in-quota quantity.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provision: 07019000.
18. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-19
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 816
2 832
3 849
4 866
5 883
6 901
7 919
8 937
9 956
10 975
11 995
12 1,015
13 1,035
14 1,056
15 1,077
After year 15, the in-quota quantity shall increase in each year by two percent of
the previous year’s in-quota quantity.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provision: 07031000.
19. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-20
(Metric tons)
1 795
2 840
3 885
4 930
5 975
6 1,020
7 1,065
8 1,110
9 1,155
10 1,200
11 1,245
12 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category Q in paragraph 3(e) of the General Notes of the Schedule of
Panama to Annex 3.3.
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provision: 07133330.
Corn
20. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 298,700
2 307,661
3 316,891
4 326,398
5 336,189
6 346,275
7 356,663
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-21
8 367,363
9 378,384
10 389,736
11 401,428
12 413,471
13 425,875
14 438,651
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category F in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(f).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 10059090, 11042320, and 11042390.
Rough Rice
21. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (d) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 7,950
2 8,427
3 8,933
4 9,469
5 10,037
6 10,639
7 11,277
8 11,954
9 12,671
10 13,431
11 14,237
12 15,091
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-22
13 15,997
14 16,957
15 17,974
16 19,053
17 20,196
18 21,408
19 22,692
20 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), including as adjusted in accordance with subparagraph (c),
shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging category X in
paragraph 3(l) of the General Notes of the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(d) Subparagraphs (a), (b), and (c) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de
la República de Panamá provision: 10061090.
Milled Rice
22. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (d) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 4,240
2 4,494
3 4,764
4 5,050
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-23
5 5,353
6 5,674
7 6,015
8 6,375
9 6,758
10 7,163
11 7,593
12 8,049
13 8,532
14 9,044
15 9,586
16 10,161
17 10,771
18 11,417
19 12,102
20 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), including as adjusted in accordance with subparagraph (c),
shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of staging category X in
paragraph 3(l) of the General Notes of the Schedule of Panama to Annex 3.3.
(d) Subparagraphs (a), (b), and (c) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de
la República de Panamá provisions: 10062000, 10063000, and 10064000.
23. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-24
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 368
2 386
3 405
4 425
5 447
6 469
7 492
8 517
9 543
10 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category D in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(d).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provision: 15152900.
Processed Tomatoes
24. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provisions listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 798
2 822
3 847
4 872
5 898
6 925
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-25
7 953
8 982
9 1,011
10 1,042
11 1,073
12 1,105
13 1,138
14 1,172
15 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category F in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(f).
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provisions: 20029011, 20029012, 20029019, 20029021,
and 20029029.
25. (a) The aggregate quantity of goods entered under the provision listed in
subparagraph (c) shall be free of duty in any calendar year specified herein, and
shall not exceed the quantity specified below for the United States in each such
year:
Year Quantity
(Metric tons)
1 3,640
2 3,786
3 3,937
4 4,095
5 unlimited
(b) Duties on goods entered in aggregate quantities in excess of the quantities listed
in subparagraph (a), shall be removed in accordance with the provisions of
staging category B in Annex 3.3, paragraph 1(b).
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-26
(c) Subparagraphs (a) and (b) apply to the following Arancel de Importación de la
República de Panamá provision: 20041020.
Annex 3.3-PA-Notes-27
Lista Arancelaria Agrícola al Anexo 3.3 -- República de Panamá
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
01011010 Caballos, Reproductores de raza pura LIBRE I
01011090 Los demás--Reproductores de raza pura 15% A
01019011 Machos de 24 meses o más LIBRE I
01019012 Hembras de 24 meses o más LIBRE I
01019013 Machos de menos de 24 meses LIBRE I
01019014 Hembras de menos de 24 meses LIBRE I
01019020 Los demás caballos LIBRE I
01019090 Los demás 15% A
01021010 Búfalos. 0.6% A
01021090 Los demás LIBRE I
01029011 Para lidia. 15% A
01029019 Los demás 15% A
01029020 Domésticos, excepto de raza pura 15% A
01029090 Los demás 15% A
01031000 Reproductores de raza pura 0.6% A
01039110 Domésticos. 15% A
01039190 Los demás 15% A
01039210 Domésticos. 15% A
01039290 Los demás 15% A
01041010 De raza pura. LIBRE I
01041090 Los demás 15% A
01042010 De raza pura LIBRE I
01042090 Los demás 15% A
01051110 Pie de cría de ponedoras o de engorda LIBRE I
01051190 Los demás LIBRE I
01051200 Pavos (gallipavos) LIBRE I
01051900 Los demás LIBRE I
01059210 De raza pura para pelea 15% A
01059290 Los demás 15% A
01059310 De raza pura para pelea. 15% A
01059390 Los demás 15% A
01059900 Los demás 15% A
01061100 Primates 15% A
Ballenas, delfines y marsopas (mamíferos
del orden Cetáceos); manatíes y dugones
01061200 15% A
o dugongos (mamíferos del orden
Sirénios)
01061900 Los demás 15% A
01062010 Tortugas 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
01062090 Las demás 15% A
01063100 Aves de rapiña 15% A
Psitaciformes (incluidos los loros,
01063200 guacamayos, cacatúas y demás 15% A
papagayos)
01063910 Palomas 15% A
01063990 Los demás 15% A
01069010 Abejas LIBRE I
Especies utilizadas principalmente para la
01069020 15% A
alimentación humana.
01069090 Los demás 15% A
02011000 En canales o medias canales 15% F
Los demás cortes (trozos) sin deshuesar Ver
Ver desdoblamiento Ver desdoblamiento
02012000 desdoblamiento
a continuación a continuación
a continuación
"Prime y Choice" (1) cortes (trozos) sin
02012000a 30% A
deshuesar
Los demás cortes (trozos) sin deshuesar
02012000b 30% F Ver Anexo 3.17
Deshuesada Ver
Ver desdoblamiento Ver desdoblamiento
02013000 desdoblamiento
a continuación a continuación
a continuación
02013000a "Prime y Choice," (1) deshuesada 30% A
02013000b Los demás, deshuesada 30% F Ver Anexo 3.17
02021000 En canales o medias canales 15% F
Los demás cortes (trozos) sin deshuesar Ver
Ver desdoblamiento Ver desdoblamiento
02022000 desdoblamiento
a continuación a continuación
a continuación
"Prime y Choice" (1) cortes (trozos) sin
02022000a 30% A
deshuesar
Los demás cortes (trozos) sin deshuesar
02022000b 30% F Ver Anexo 3.17
Deshuesada Ver
Ver desdoblamiento Ver desdoblamiento
02023000 desdoblamiento
a continuación a continuación
a continuación
02023000a "Prime y Choice," (1) deshuesada 25% A
02023000b Los demás, deshuesada 25% F Ver Anexo 3.17
En canal Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02031110 60% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
En medias canales Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02031120 60% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Jamones de pierna y sus trozos Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02031210 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02031290 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Chuletas deshuesadas o sin deshuesar Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02031910 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Jamones, paletas y sus trozos, Ver párrafo 4 del
deshuesados Apéndice I de las Notas
02031920 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02031990 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
En canal Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02032110 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
En medias canales Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02032120 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Jamones de pierna y sus trozos Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02032210 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Los demás Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02032290 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Chuletas deshuesadas o sin deshuesar Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02032910 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Jamones, paletas y sus trozos, Ver párrafo 4 del
deshuesados Apéndice I de las Notas
02032920 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás. Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02032990 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Canales o medias canales de cordero,
02041000 15% A
frescas o refrigeradas.
02042100 En canales o medias canales. 15% A
Los demás cortes (trozos) sin deshuesar
02042200 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
02064900 Los demás 10% A
02068000 Los demás, frescos o refrigerados. 15% C
02069000 Los demás, congelados 15% C
02071100 Sin trocear, frescos o refrigerados 15% C
02071200 Sin trocear, congelados 15% C
02071311 Pechugas 15% C
Los demás Ver
Ver desdoblamiento Ver desdoblamiento
02071319 desdoblamiento
a continuación a continuación
a continuación
02071319a Carne, deshuesada mecánicamente 260% A
02071319b Alas 260% B
Cuartos traseros comestibles, sin Ver párrafo 7 del
deshuesar Apéndice I de las Notas
02071319c 260% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
02071319d Los demás 260% C
02071321 Hígados 15% C
02071329 Los demás 15% C
02071411 Pechugas sin deshuesar 15% B
02071412 Deshuesados. 15% B
Los demás Ver
Ver desdoblamiento Ver desdoblamiento
02071419 desdoblamiento
a continuación a continuación
a continuación
02071419a Carne, deshuesada mecánicamente 260% A
02071419b Alas 260% B
Cuartos traseros comestibles, sin Ver párrafo 7 del
deshuesar Apéndice I de las Notas
02071419c 260% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
02071419d Los demás 260% C
02071421 Hígados 15% C
02071429 Los demás 15% C
02072400 Sin trocear, frescos o refrigerados. 15% B
02072500 Sin trocear, congelados 15% A
02072611 Pechugas. 15% B
02072619 Los demás trozos 15% B
02072621 Hígados 15% B
02072629 Los demás 15% B
02072711 Pechugas sin deshuesar 15% B
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
02072712 Deshuesados. 15% A
02072719 Los demás trozos 15% A
02072721 Hígados. 15% B
02072729 Los demás 15% B
02073210 De pato. 15% C
02073290 Los demás. 15% C
02073310 De pato 15% C
02073390 Los demás 15% C
02073400 Hígados grasos, frescos o refrigerados 15% C
02073511 Trozos, excepto de despojos 15% C
02073519 Los demás (despojos). 15% C
02073521 Trozos, excepto de despojos 15% C
02073529 Los demás (despojos). 15% C
02073611 Trozos. 15% C
02073619 Los demás (despojos). 15% C
02073621 Trozos, excepto de despojos 15% C
02073629 Los demás (despojos) 15% C
02081010 Carnes 15% A
02081090 Despojos 15% A
02082000 Ancas (patas) de rana. 15% A
02083000 De primates 15% A
De ballenas, delfines y marsopas
(mamíferos del orden Cetáceos); de
02084000 15% A
manatíes y dugones o dugongos
(mamíferos del orden Sirénios)
De reptiles (incluidas las serpientes y
02085000 15% A
tortugas de mar)
02089000 Los demás 15% A
Tocino Ver párrafo 5 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02090011 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Grasa de cerdo Ver párrafo 5 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02090012 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Las demás Ver párrafo 5 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02090019 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Tocino, grasas de cerdo Ver párrafo 5 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02090021 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
02090029 Las demás. 15% Q
Jamón curado en sal con un mínimo de Ver párrafo 5 del
secado natural de diez (10) meses (Tipo Apéndice I de las Notas
02101111 Serrano) 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás.---Jamones sin deshuesar. Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02101119 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás. Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02101190 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Tocino entreverado de panza (panceta) y
02101200 15% A
sus trozos
Costillas de cerdo Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02101910 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Jamon curado en sal con un mínimo de Ver párrafo 5 del
secado natural de diez (10) meses (Tipo Apéndice I de las Notas
02101921 Serrano) 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás---Jomones deshuesados. Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02101929 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Las demás Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
02101990 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
02102000 Carne de la especie bovina 15% B
02109110 Carnes de primates 15% A
02109120 Despojos de primates 10% A
02109190 Los demás de primates 10% A
Carnes de ballenas, delfines y marsopas
02109210 15% A
Despojos de ballenas, delfines y marsopas
02109220 10% A
Los demás de ballenas, delfines y
02109290 10% A
marsopas
02109310 Carnes de reptiles 15% A
02109320 Despojos de reptiles 10% A
02109390 Los demás de reptiles 10% A
02109910 Los demas Carnes 15% A
De hígado de ganso salado o en salmuera,
02109921 15% A
seco o ahumado
02109929 Los demás 10% A
02109990 Los demás 10% A
Con un contenido de materias grasas Ver párrafo 8 del
inferior o igual al 1% en peso. Apéndice I de las Notas
04011000 60% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Leche (fluida), en envases asépticos, para Ver párrafo 8 del
larga duración, sin refrigerar. Apéndice I de las Notas
04012010 60% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Leche (fluida), en envases asépticos, para Ver párrafo 8 del
larga duración, sin refrigeración, Apéndice I de las Notas
04012020 deslactosada 60% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás Ver párrafo 8 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04012090 60% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Leche Ver párrafo 8 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04013010 20% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Para batir Ver párrafo 8 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04013021 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
04013029 Los demás 30% B
04021010 De cabra 4% A
En envases que no exceden de 1 Kg. neto Ver párrafo 9 del
(uso exclusivamente doméstico), excepto Apéndice I de las Notas
04021091 las contempladas en la partida 0402.10.92 50% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Para la alimentación infantil presentadas Ver párrafo 9 del
en envase para la venta al por menor, Apéndice I de las Notas
04021092 compuesta de leche entera, leche 50% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
descremada, lactosa, lecitina, vitaminas y Arancelaria de Panamá al
sales minerales Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 9 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04021099 50% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
De cabra
04022110 5% B
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Para la alimentación infantil presentadas Ver párrafo 10 del
en envases para la venta al por menor, Apéndice I de las Notas
04022991 compuesta de leche entera, lactosa, 50% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
lecitina, vitaminas y sales minerales Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás Ver párrafo 10 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04022999 50% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
04029111 Evaporada 10% B
04029119 Las demás 5% B
Evaporadas, con un contenido de materias
04029191 grasas, inferior o igual al 1.5% en peso 155% E
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
En proporción inferior al 50% en peso Ver párrafo 11 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04031031 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
En proporción igual o superior al 50% en Ver párrafo 11 del
peso. Apéndice I de las Notas
04031032 10% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Yogur líquido, incluso con cacao Ver párrafo 11 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04031091 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 11 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04031099 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
04039011 Crema (nata). 30% C
04039012 Suero de mantequilla (Babeurre). 20% B
Cuajada Ver párrafo 13 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04039013 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
04039019 Los demás 30% C
En polvo, gránulos u otras formas sólidas,
en envases que no exceden de 1Kg neto
(uso exclusivamente doméstico), con un
04039021 30% C
contenido de materias grasas, igual o
inferior a 1.5% en peso
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
En polvo, gránulos u otras formas sólidas
04039031 5% B
04039039 Los demás 30% C
04039041 En proporción inferior al 50% en peso 22.5% B
En proporción igual o superior al 50% en
04039042 10% A
peso
04039090 Los demás 120% E
En polvo, gránulos u otras formas sólidas,
04041011 incluso azucarados o edulcorados de otro 5% B
modo
04041019 Los demás 30% E
Sin concentrar, ni azucarar o edulcorar de
04041091 30% A
otro modo
04041099 Los demás 30% A
Productos constituidos por los
componentes naturales de la leche,
04049011 5% A
elaborados especialmente para la crianza
de animales.
04049019 Los demás 120% A
Productos constituidos por los
componentes naturales de la leche,
04049021 5% B
elaborados especialmente para la crianza
de animales
04049029 Los demás 30% A
Productos constituidos por los
componentes naturales de la leche,
04049091 5% B
elaborados especialmente para la crianza
de animales.
04049099 Los demás 120% A
Mantequilla (manteca) Ver párrafo 12 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04051000 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Con un contenido de grasa láctea superior Ver párrafo 12 del
o igual al 75% en peso Apéndice I de las Notas
04052010 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Las demás Ver párrafo 12 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04052090 10% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
04059010 Aceite de mantequilla LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Las demás Ver párrafo 12 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04059090 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Mozarella Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04061010 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04061090 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Para uso industrial Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04062010 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04062090 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Queso fundido, excepto el rallado o en Ver párrafo 14 del
polvo. Apéndice I de las Notas
04063000 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Queso de pasta azul. Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04064000 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Para uso industrial sin partir, en empaques Ver párrafo 13 del
de 20.0 KN o más Apéndice I de las Notas
04069011 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 13 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04069019 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Muenster Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04069020 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 14 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
04069090 20% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
04070010 Para incubación 5% A
04070020 Para consumo humano 15% E
04070090 Los demás 15% E
04081100 Secas 15% Q
04081900 Las demás 15% P
04089100 Secos 15% Q
04089900 Los demás 15% Q
04090000 Miel natural. 15% C
04100011 Con cáscara 15% A
04100019 Los demás 15% A
04100090 Los demás 15% A
Cabello en bruto, incluso lavado o
05010000 15% A
desgrasado; desperdicios de cabello.
Cerdas de cerdo o de jabalí y sus
05021000 15% A
desperdicios
05029000 Los demás 15% A
Crin y sus desperdicios, incluso en capas
05030000 10% A
con soporte o sin él
05040010 Tripas para la fabricación de embutidos LIBRE I
05040020 Estómagos y vejigas comestibles 15% A
05040090 Los demás 15% A
Plumas de las utilizadas para relleno;
05051000 15% A
plumón.
Pieles y otras partes de aves provistas de
05059010 15% A
sus plumas y plumones.
05059020 Plumas para adorno 15% A
05059090 Los demás 15% A
05061010 Huesos de ballena 10% A
05061090 Los demás 15% A
05069010 Huesos de ballena 10% A
05069090 Los demás 15% A
05071000 Marfil; polvo y desperdicios de marfil 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
05079010 Cuernos 15% A
05079020 Barbas de ballena 10% A
05079030 Maslo de Asta 15% A
05079040 Carey 15% A
05079090 Los demás 15% A
05090000 Esponjas naturales de origen animal 15% A
Ámbar gris, castóreo; algalia y almizcle;
05100010 10% A
cantáridas
05100020 Testículos. 15% A
05100090 Los demás. 15% A
05111000 Semen de bovino LIBRE I
Cochinilla en bruto o simplemente
05119910 10% A
preparada
05119920 Huevos y huevas LIBRE I
05119930 Embriones y semen de animales. LIBRE I
05119990 Los demás LIBRE I
Bulbos, cebollas, tubérculos, raíces y
06011000 bulbos tuberosos, turiones y rizomas, en LIBRE I
reposo vegetativo.
Bulbos, cebollas, tubérculos, raíces y
bulbos tuberosos, turiones y rizomas, en
06012000 LIBRE I
vegetación o en flor; plantas y raíces de
achicoria
06021000 Esquejes sin enraizar e injertos LIBRE I
Arboles, arbustos y matas, de frutas o de
06022000 otros frutos comestibles, incluso LIBRE I
injertados.
Rododendros y azaleas, incluso
06023000 LIBRE I
injertados.
06024000 Rosales, incluso injertados LIBRE I
06029010 Blanco de setas LIBRE I
06029090 Los demás LIBRE I
06031000 Frescos 15% A
06039000 Los demás 15% A
06041000 Musgos y líquenes 15% A
06049110 Arboles de Navidad 15% A
06049190 Los demás 15% A
06049900 Los demás 15% A
07011000 Para la siembra LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Las demás Ver párrafo 17 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
07019000 81% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
07020000 Tomates frescos o refrigerados. 15% Q
Cebollas y chalotes. Ver párrafo 18 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
07031000 72% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
07032000 Ajos. 10% A
07039000 Puerros y demás hortalizas aliáceas. 15% E
07041010 Coliflores. 15% Q
07041020 Brécoles ("broccoli"). 15% Q
07042000 Coles (repollitos) de Bruselas. 15% E
07049010 Coles Lombardas (repollo). 30% Q
07049090 Los demás 15% Q
07051100 Repolladas. 15% Q
07051900 Las demás 30% Q
Endibia “Witloof” (Cichorium intybus
07052100 15% A
var. foliosum)
07052900 Las demás 15% A
07061010 Zanahorias 30% C
07061020 Nabos. 15% C
07069091 Remolachas para ensalada 15% E
07069099 Los demás. 15% Q
Pepinos y pepinillos, frescos o
07070000 15% C
refrigerados.
Guisantes (arvejas, chícharos) (Pisum
07081000 15% E
sativum).
Judias (porotos, alubias, frijoles, fréjoles)
07082000 15% Q
(Vigna spp., Phaseolus spp.).
07089000 Las demás 15% C
07091000 Alcachofas (alcauciles). 15% C
07092000 Espárragos. 15% B
07093000 Berenjenas 15% C
07094000 Apio, excepto el apionabo 30% B
07095100 Hongos del género Agaricus 15% A
07095200 Trufas 15% A
07095900 Los demás 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Frutos del género "Capsicum" o
07096000 15% A
"Pimenta".
Espinacas (incluida la de Nueva Zelanda)
07097000 15% C
y armuelles.
07099010 Aceitunas y alcaparras. 10% A
07099020 Maíz dulce (Zea mays var saccharata). 15% C
07099090 Las demás 15% C
07101000 Patatas (papas). 30% Q
Guisantes (arvejas, chícharos) (Pisum
07102100 15% A
sativum).
Judías (porotos, alubias, frijoles, fréjoles)
07102200 15% B
(Vigna spp. Phaseolus spp.).
07102910 Habas verdes 15% B
07102990 Las demás 15% A
Espinacas (incluida la de Nueva Zelanda)
07103000 15% A
y armuelles
07104010 Maíz en mazorca 15% A
07104020 En grano. 15% A
07108010 Aceitunas. 10% A
07108020 Alcaparras 10% A
07108030 Cebollas 15% B
07108040 Hongos, setas y trufas. 15% A
07108050 Ajos. 10% A
07108060 Tomates. 15% A
07108091 Apio 15% A
07108092 Lechugas 15% A
07108093 Repollos (col lombarda o col común). 15% A
07108094 Zanahorias 15% A
07108095 Remolacha 15% A
07108096 Brócoles ("brocoli"). 15% A
07108097 Coliflor 15% A
07108098 Coles de Bruselas. 15% A
07108099 Los demás 15% A
07109000 Mezclas de hortalizas 15% A
07112000 Aceitunas. 10% B
07113000 Alcaparras. 10% A
07114000 Pepinos y pepinillos. LIBRE I
07115100 Hongos del género Agaricus 15% A
07115900 Los demás 15% A
07119011 Cebollas 15% M
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
07119012 Tomates 15% B
07119013 Ajos 15% A
07119014 Apios 15% B
07119019 Las demás LIBRE I
07119090 Los demás LIBRE I
07122000 Cebollas. LIBRE I
07123100 Hongos del género Agaricus LIBRE I
07123200 Orejas de Judas (Auricularia spp.) LIBRE I
07123300 Hongos gelatinosos (Tremella spp.) LIBRE I
07123900 Los demás LIBRE I
07129010 Tomates 15% A
07129020 Ajos en polvo 10% A
Papas (patatas), incluso en trozos o en
07129030 10% B
rodajas, pero sin otra preparación.
07129090 Los demás LIBRE I
07131010 Para siembra LIBRE I
07131090 Los demás. LIBRE I
07132010 Para siembra LIBRE I
07132090 Los demás. 15% A
07133110 Para siembra LIBRE I
07133120 Rosados o Pintos 15% A
07133190 Los demás. 15% A
07133210 Para siembra. LIBRE I
07133220 Rosados o Pintos 15% A
07133290 Los demás. 15% A
07133310 Para siembra. LIBRE I
07133320 Rosados o Pintos 15% A
Porotos colorados Ver párrafo 19 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
07133330 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
07133390 Los demás 15% A
07133910 Para siembra LIBRE I
07133990 Las demás LIBRE I
07134010 Para siembra LIBRE I
07134090 Las demás 15% A
07135010 Para siembra LIBRE I
07135020 Habas chicas. 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
07135090 Las demás. 5% A
07139010 Para la siembra LIBRE I
07139090 Los demás 15% A
07141000 Raíces de mandioca (yuca). 15% A
07142000 Batatas (boniatos, camotes). 15% A
07149010 Ñame 15% A
07149090 Los demás 15% A
08011100 Secos. 15% A
08011910 Rayados 15% A
08011990 Los demás. 15% A
08012110 Frescas. 15% A
08012120 Secas. 10% A
08012210 Frescas 15% A
08012220 Secas. 10% A
08013110 Frescas 10% A
08013120 Secas. 10% A
08013210 Frescas. 10% A
08013220 Secas. 10% A
08021100 Con cáscara 10% A
08021200 Sin cáscara. 2% A
08022100 Con cáscara. 10% A
08022200 Sin cáscara. 10% A
08023100 Con cáscara. 5% A
08023200 Sin cáscara LIBRE I
08024010 Con cáscara. 15% A
08024020 Sin cáscara. 10% A
08025010 Con cáscara. 2% A
08025020 Sin cáscara 2% A
08029010 Con cáscara. 10% A
08029020 Sin cáscara. 10% A
08030011 Frescos 15% A
08030012 Secos 10% A
08030021 Frescas 15% A
08030022 Secas 15% A
08041010 Frescos. 15% A
08041020 Secos 10% A
08042010 Frescos. 10% A
08042020 Secos. 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
08043010 Frescas 15% A
08043020 Secas 15% A
08044010 Frescos. 15% A
08044020 Secos 15% A
08045010 Frescos. 15% A
08045020 Secos. 10% A
08051010 Frescas 15% A
08051020 Secas 15% A
08052010 Frescas. 15% A
08052020 Secas. 15% A
08054010 Frescos 15% A
08054020 Secos. 10% A
08055010 Frescos 15% A
08055020 Secos 10% A
08059010 Frescos 15% A
08059020 Secos. 15% A
08061000 Frescas. LIBRE I
08062000 Secas, incluidas las pasas. 2% A
08071100 Sandías 15% A
08071900 Los demás 15% A
08072000 Papayas 15% A
08081000 Manzanas. 2% A
08082010 Peras 5% A
08082020 Membrillos 15% A
Albaricoques (damascos, chabacanos).
08091000 10% A
08092000 Cerezas 1% A
Melocotones (duraznos), incluidos los
08093000 2% A
griñones y nectarinas.
08094000 Ciruelas y endrinas. LIBRE I
08101000 Fresas (frutillas). 15% C
08102010 Frambuesas 15% A
08102090 Los demás 15% A
08103000 Grosellas, incluído el casis. 15% A
Arándanos rojos, mirtilos y demás frutos
08104000 15% A
del género Vaccinium.
08105000 Kiwis 15% A
08106000 Duriones 10% A
08109010 De clima tropical 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
08109020 De clima no tropical 10% A
08111000 Fresas (frutillas). 15% C
Con adición de azúcar o edulcorados de
08112010 LIBRE I
otro modo.
08112090 Las demás 15% A
08119011 De clima tropical. 15% B
08119019 Los demás. 10% A
08119021 De clima tropical. 15% B
08119029 Los demás. 10% A
08121000 Cerezas. LIBRE I
08129011 Fresas (frutillas) 15% C
08129019 Las demás 10% B
08129020 De clima tropical. 15% B
Albaricoques (damascos, chabacanos).
08131000 10% A
08132000 Ciruelas. 5% A
08133000 Manzanas. 10% B
08134000 Las demás frutas u otros frutos. 10% B
08135011 De nueces 5% B
08135019 Las demás 5% B
08135021 Con cáscara 5% B
08135029 Sin cáscara. 5% B
08135090 Las demás 5% B
Cortezas de agris (círicos), melons o
sandías, frescas, congeladas, secas o
08140000 presentadas en agua salada, sulfurosa o 15% A
adicionada de otras sustancias para su
conservacion provisional
09011100 Sin descafeinar. 30% M
09011200 Descafeinado 30% M
09012100 Sin descafeinar. 54% M
09012200 Descafeinado 54% M
09019010 Cáscara y cascarilla de café. 30% M
Sucedáneos del café que contengan café
09019020 30% T
Té verde (sin fermentar) presentado en
09021000 envases inmediatos con un contenido 15% A
inferior o igual a 3 kg.
Té verde (sin fermentar) presentado de
09022000 LIBRE I
otra forma.
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Té negro (fermentado) y té parcialmente
fermentado, presentados en envases
09023000 15% A
inmediatos con un contenido inferior o
igual a 3 kg.
Té negro (fermentado) y té parcialmente
09024000 fermentado, presentados de otra forma. 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
09104010 Sin triturar ni pulverizar. LIBRE I
09104020 Trituradas o pulverizadas 15% A
09105000 Curry. 15% A
09109110 Sin triturar ni pulverizar LIBRE I
09109120 Trituradas o pulverizadas 15% A
09109910 Sin triturar ni pulverizar. LIBRE I
09109920 Trituradas o pulverizadas 15% A
10011000 Trigo duro. LIBRE I
10019000 Los demás LIBRE I
10020000 Centeno. 10% A
10030000 Cebada. LIBRE I
10040000 Avena. LIBRE I
10051000 Para siembra LIBRE I
10059010 Maíz tipo " pop" (Zea mays everta). LIBRE I
Los demás (maíz sin preparar ni moler). Ver párrafo 20 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
10059090 40% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
10061010 Para siembra. LIBRE I
Los demás Ver párrafo 21 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
10061090 90% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arroz descascarillado (arroz cargo o arroz Ver párrafo 22 del
pardo) Apéndice I de las Notas
10062000 90% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arroz semiblanqueado o blanqueado, Ver párrafo 22 del
incluso pulido o glaseado Apéndice I de las Notas
10063000 90% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Arroz partido. Ver párrafo 22 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
10064000 90% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
10070010 Para siembra LIBRE I
10070090 Los demás. 15% B
10081000 Alforfón. 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
10082000 Mijo. LIBRE I
10083000 Alpiste. 5% A
10089000 Los demás cereales. 10% A
11010010 Corriente. 10% Q
11010020 Enriquecida 10% P
11021000 Harina de centeno LIBRE I
11022010 Pregelatinizada. LIBRE I
11022090 Los demás 10% A
11023000 Harina de arroz. 15% E
11029000 Las demás 10% A
11031100 De trigo 10% B
11031310 Sémola, adyuvante para cervecería 10% A
11031390 Las demás. 15% B
11031910 De avena 15% A
11031990 Los demás 15% B
11032010 De trigo 15% A
11032090 De los demás cereales 15% A
11041200 De avena 5% A
11041910 De cebada 10% A
11041990 Los demás 15% A
11042200 De avena. 10% A
11042310 De maíz tipo "pop" (Zea mays everta). 15% B
Los demás troceados o quebrantados Ver párrafo 20 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
11042320 40% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 20 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
11042390 40% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
11042910 De cebada 10% A
11042990 Los demás 15% B
Gérmen de cereales entero, aplastado, en
11043000 15% B
copos o molido.
11051000 Harina, sémola y polvo. LIBRE I
11052000 Copos, gránulos y "pellets". 15% B
11061000 De las hortalizas de la partida 07.13. 10% B
De sagú o de las raíces o tubérculos de la
11062000 10% B
partida 07.14.
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
11063000 De los productos del Capítulo 8. 10% B
11071010 Sin triturar ni pulverizar LIBRE I
11071020 Triturada o pulverizada. 5% A
11072010 Sin triturar ni pulverizar LIBRE I
11072020 Triturada o pulverizada 10% A
11081100 Almidón de trigo. 5% A
11081200 Almidón de maíz. LIBRE I
11081300 Fécula de patata (papa). 15% A
11081400 Fécula de mandioca (yuca). 15% A
11081910 De batata 15% A
11081990 Los demás 15% A
11082000 Inulina 15% A
11090000 Gluten de trigo, incluso seco LIBRE I
12010010 Para siembra. LIBRE I
12010090 Las demás. LIBRE I
12021010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12021090 Los demás. LIBRE I
12022010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12022090 Los demás 5% A
12030000 Copra. 15% A
12040010 Para siembra. LIBRE I
12040090 Las demás 15% A
Semillas de nabo (nabina) o de colza con
12051000 15% A
bajo contenido de ácido erúcico
12059010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12059090 Los demás 15% A
12060010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12060090 Las demás. 15% A
12071010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12071090 Las demás 5% A
12072010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12072090 Las demás. 5% A
12073010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12073090 Las demás 5% A
12074010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12074090 Las demás. LIBRE I
12075010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12075090 Las demás LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
12076010 Para siembra LIBRE I
12076090 Las demás. 5% A
12079100 Semilla de amapola (adormidera). 5% A
12079911 Semilla de Karité---Para siembra. LIBRE I
12079919 Las demás---Para siembra. LIBRE I
12079990 Las demás 5% A
De habas (porotos, frijoles, fréjoles) de
12081000 15% A
soja (soya).
12089010 De semillas de algodón 15% A
De semilla de cacahuates (cacahuetes,
12089020 15% A
maníes).
12089030 De semilla ricino 15% A
12089040 De semilla de lino (linaza). 15% A
De las demás semillas y frutos
12089050 15% A
oleaginosos comestibles.
12089090 Las demás 10% A
12091000 Semilla de remolacha azucarera LIBRE I
12092100 De alfalfa LIBRE I
12092200 De trébol (Trifolium spp.). LIBRE I
12092300 De festucas LIBRE I
De pasto azul de Kentucky (Poa pratensis
12092400 LIBRE I
L).
De ballico (Lolium multiflorum Lam.,
12092500 LIBRE I
Lolium perenne L.).
De fleo de los prados (Phleum pratensis).
12092600 LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Las demás plantas, partes, semillas y
12119020 frutos de las especies utilizadas en 5% A
medicina
12119090 Las demás 15% A
12121000 Algarrobas y sus semillas 15% A
12122010 Destinados a alimentación 15% A
De las especies utilizadas principalmente
12122020 en preparaciones farmaceúticas, LIBRE I
cosméticas y análogas.
12122090 Las demás 10% A
Huesos (carozos) y almendras de
albaricoque (damasco, chabacano), de
12123000 15% A
melocotón (durazno) (incluidos los
griñones y nectarinas) o de ciruela
12129100 Remolacha azucarera 15% A
12129910 Raíces de achicoria 15% A
12129920 Caña de azúcar 15% A
12129990 Los demás. 15% A
12130010 Paja. 15% A
12130020 Cascabillo de arroz. 15% A
12130030 Cascabillo de maíz 15% A
12130090 Los demás 15% A
12141000 Harina y "pellets" de alfalfa. LIBRE I
12149000 Los demás 15% A
13011000 Goma laca. LIBRE I
13012000 Goma arábiga. LIBRE I
13019010 Bálsamos naturales 15% A
Resina de Cannabis y demás
13019020 15% A
estupefacientes
13019090 Los demás. LIBRE I
13021110 Goma de opio u opio goma 15% A
13021120 Para fines medicinales LIBRE I
13021190 Los demás 15% A
13021200 De regaliz 10% A
13021300 De lúpulo LIBRE I
De piretro (pelitre) o de raíces que
13021400 LIBRE I
contengan rotenona
Para fines medicinales (Previo Visto
13021910 Bueno del Ministerio de Salud y demás 5% A
Reglamentos):
13021920 Extracto y tinturas de Cannabis 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Concentrado de paja adormidera, y demás
13021930 15% A
estupefacientes
13021940 Soporíferos 15% A
Para preparación de insecticidas y
13021950 LIBRE I
fungicidas
Oleorresina de vainilla o extracto de
13021960 LIBRE I
vainilla
13021990 Los demás LIBRE I
Materias pécticas, pectinatos y pectatos.
13022000 LIBRE I
13023100 Agar-agar. LIBRE I
Mucílagos y espesativos de la algarroba o
13023200 de su semilla o de las semillas de guar, LIBRE I
incluso modificados
13023900 Los demás LIBRE I
14011000 Bambú. LIBRE I
14012000 Roten (ratán). LIBRE I
14019010 Mimbre. LIBRE I
14019090 Los demás 15% A
14020010 “Kapok” (miraguano de bombacáceas) 10% A
14020091 Crin vegetal. 10% A
14020099 Los demás. 10% A
Sorgo de escobas (Sorghum vulgare
14030010 LIBRE I
var technicum)
14030091 Grama de tampico, ixtle 15% A
14030099 Los demás 15% A
14041011 Sin triturar ni pulverizar. 10% A
14041019 Triturado o pulverizado 15% A
14041020 Productos vegetales curtientes 15% A
14041090 Los demás LIBRE I
14042000 Línteres de algodón LIBRE I
14049010 Tagua 15% A
14049090 Los demás 15% A
Grasas de cerdo (incluida la manteca de
15010010 15% B
cerdo).
15010020 Grasas de aves LIBRE I
15020010 Grasa (sebos) de las especies bovina. 15% B
15020090 Las demás LIBRE I
15030010 Estearina solar no comestible. 10% C
Aceite de manteca de cerdo y estearina
15030020 15% E
solar comestible.
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
15030030 Aceite de sebo 15% E
15030040 Oleomargarina. 15% E
15030090 Los demás. 30% E
15043010 Aceite de espermaceti 15% A
15043090 Los demás. 10% A
Grasa de lana en bruto (suarda o suintina).
15050010 LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Los demás. Ver párrafo 23 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
15152900 30% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
15153010 Aceite en bruto. LIBRE I
15153090 Los demás 10% A
15154010 Aceite en bruto 10% A
15154090 Los demás. 10% A
15155010 Aceite en bruto. 10% A
15155090 Los demás. 10% A
15159010 Aceite de jojoba y sus fracciones 10% C
15159021 En bruto 10% A
15159029 Los demás 30% E
15159090 Los demás 30% F
Grasas y aceites, animales, y sus
15161000 15% E
fracciones.
Aceites vegetales hidrogenados usados en
15162010 10% E
la industria alimenticia.
15162020 Aceite de ricino hidrogenado. LIBRE I
15162090 Los demás 15% F Ver Anexo 3.17
Margarina, excepto la margarina líquida
15171000 20% E
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
16010011 Envasados herméticamente o al vacio 30% M
16010019 Los demás 30% Q
16010021 Envasados herméticamente o al vacio 30% M
16010029 Los demás 30% Q
16010031 Envasados herméticamente o al vacio 30% P
16010039 Los demás 30% Q
16010041 Envasados herméticamente o al vacio 30% C
16010049 Los demás 30% R
16010091 Envasados herméticamente o al vacio 30% E
16010099 Los demás 30% Q
16021000 Preparaciones homogeneizadas 10% E
16022010 Paté de hígado de ganso o de pato. 10% B
16022091 Envasados herméticamente o al vacío 15% B
16022099 Los demás 15% A
16023110 Envasados herméticamente o al vacío 15% A
16023190 Los demás 15% B
16023210 Envasados herméticamente o al vacío 15% B
16023290 Los demás 15% B
16023910 Envasados herméticamente o al vacío 15% Q
16023990 Los demás. 15% A
Envasado herméticamente o al vacío Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024111 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
16024119 Los demás 70% E
16024190 Los demás. 30% E
Envasado herméticamente o al vacío Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024210 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024290 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
16024911 Pasta de cerdo (Jamón del diablo). 10% B
Jamonadas en envases menores a un 1
16024912 15% M
kilo neto
Jamonadas en envases iguales o mayores
16024913 70% P
de 1 Kilo neto
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Tocino, incluso con partes magras Ver párrafo 6 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024914 30% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Colas, hocicos, patas y orejas de puerco Ver párrafo 6 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024915 15% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 4 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024919 70% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 6 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
16024990 30% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
16025010 Envasados herméticamente o al vacío 10% F
16025090 Las demás 10% F
Preparaciones de sangre de cualquier
16029011 10% C
animal
16029019 Los demás 10% E
16029090 Los demás. 10% C
16030010 De carne 10% A
16030020 De pescado. 15% A
16030090 Los demás 15% A
17011100 De caña: 144% A
17011200 De remolacha 30% E
17019110 Azúcar cande 15% A
17019190 Los demás. 30% A
17019910 Azúcar cande 15% A
17019990 Los demás 144% A
Con un contenido de lactosa superior o
igual al 99% en peso, expresado en
17021100 LIBRE I
lactosa anhidra, calculado sobre producto
seco
17021900 Los demás LIBRE I
17022010 Azúcar de arce ("maple"). 15% C
17022020 Jarabe de arce 15% C
17023010 Glucosa comercial sin pulverizar LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
17023020 Jarabe de glucosa LIBRE I
17023090 Los demás 15% E
17024010 Glucosa comercial sin pulverizar LIBRE I
17024020 Jarabe de glucosa LIBRE I
17024090 Los demás 15% B
17025000 Fructosa químicamente pura 15% E
17026010 Fructosa o levulosa en estado sólido LIBRE I
17026090 Los demás LIBRE I
17029011 Maltosa químicamente pura 15% E
17029012 Maltodextrina LIBRE I
17029019 Los demás 15% E
17029021 Simples 15% E
17029029 Los demás. 15% C
17029030 Miel de caña 15% E
17029040 Miel de arce 15% C
17029050 Caramelos llamados "colorantes". LIBRE I
17029090 Los demás 15% C
17031010 Comestibles 15% E
17031090 Los demás. 15% E
17039010 Comestibles. 15% E
17039090 Las demás 15% E
Chicles y demás gomas de mascar,
17041000 15% B
incluso recubierto de azúcar
Confites, caramelos, pastillas, gomas
17049010 15% Q
azucaradas y bombones
17049020 Turrones. 15% C
Maíz insuflado (Palomitas de maíz) o
17049030 15% C
tostado recubierto de azúcar o miel
Pastillas para el alivio de la garganta o
caramelos contra la tos, constituidos
17049040 esencialmente por azúcar y agentes 5% A
aromatizantes que incluyan sustancias
medicamentosas
17049090 Los demás 15% A
Cacao en grano, entero o partido, crudo o
18010000 15% A
tostado
Cáscara, películas y demás residuos de
18020000 15% A
cacao
18031000 Sin desgrasar. 10% A
18032000 Desgrasada total o parcialmente. 10% A
18040000 Manteca, grasa y aceite de cacao 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Cacao en polvo sin adición de azúcar ni
18050000 LIBRE I
otro edulcorante
Cacao en polvo con adición de azúcar u
18061000 15% A
otro edulcorante
Las demás preparaciones, bien en bloques
o barras con un peso superior a 2 Kg, bien
en forma líquidas o pastosa, o en polvo,
18062000 gránulos o formas similares, en 15% A
recipientes o envases inmediatos con un
contenido superior a 2 Kg.
18063110 Bombones 5% A
18063190 Los demás 5% A
18063210 Caramelo duro recubierto de chocolate 5% A
18063220 En bombones, pastillas y pastillaje 5% A
Productos dietéticos que contengan en
18063230 5% A
peso el 50% o más de cacao.
18063290 Los demás 5% A
Preparaciones dietéticas que contengan en
18069010 peso el 50% o más de cacao. 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
A base de cereales, harinas, almidones o
19019021 féculas, que contengan huevo o leche o 5% B
derivados de la leche
Preparados dietéticos a base de cereales,
19019022 sin leche ni sus derivados, ni huevo 10% C
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Hojuelas, conos, copos y análogos,
19042010 obtenidas con copos de cereales sin tostar 15% C
o con mezclas de copos de cereales sin
Los demás abrebocas de maíz, con o sin
19042020 15% B
sabor a queso
19042090 Los demás. 15% C
Trigo “Bulgur”
19043000 15% A
Los demás.
19049000 15% B
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
20019070 Encurtidos de surtidos de hortalizas LIBRE I
20019080 Piccallities 15% B
20019090 Los demás 15% C
20021000 Tomates enteros o en trozos 15% A
Purés Ver párrafo 24 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
20029011 81% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Pasta cruda o pulpa Ver párrafo 24 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
20029012 81% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 24 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
20029019 81% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Jugos Ver párrafo 24 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
20029021 25% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás Ver párrafo 24 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
20029029 25% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
20031000 Hongos del género Agaricus LIBRE I
20032000 Trufas 10% A
20039000 Los demás, hongos LIBRE I
Preparado de papas troceadas y
20041010 precocidas en envases menores a un 20% C
kilogramo
Preparado de papas troceadas y Ver párrafo 25 del
precocidas en envases iguales o mayores a Apéndice I de las Notas
20041020 un kilogramo 20% Generales de la Lista
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Preparado de papas desmenuzadas,
20041030 aplastadas y precocidas (Hash Brown). 20% C
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Habichuelas (frijoles o judías verdes sin
20049012 15% A
desvainar).
20049019 Las demás 15% A
20049021 Cebollas y chalotes 15% A
20049022 Ajos. 15% A
20049029 Las demás 15% A
Brécoles (broccoli).
20049031 15% M
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
20056000 Espárragos 10% A
20057000 Aceitunas 10% A
20058000 Maíz dulce (Zea mays var. saccharata). 15% A
20059011 Cebollas. 15% M
20059012 Ajos. 15% A
20059019 Los demás 15% A
20059021 Brecoles (broccoli). 15% A
20059022 Coliflor. 15% A
20059023 Col de Bruselas 15% A
20059024 Repollo (Col lombarda o col común). 15% A
20059029 Las demás 15% A
20059031 Zanahorias. 15% B
20059032 Remolachas para ensaladas 15% B
20059039 Los demás 15% C
20059040 Pimientos LIBRE I
20059050 Alcaparras 10% A
20059060 Las demás leguminosas sin mezclar 15% A
20059070 Las demás hortalizas sin mezclar. 15% A
20059080 Choucroute. 15% A
Aceitunas (incluso rellenas) con
20059091 10% A
alcaparras
Maíz dulce (Zea mays var saccharata) con
20059092 15% A
pimientos
20059099 Las demás mezclas de hortalizas 15% A
20060011 Fresas. 15% B
20060019 Las demás 15% B
20060090 Las demás 15% B
20071000 Preparaciones homogeneizadas 15% C
20079100 De agrios (cítricos). 15% E
20079910 De fresas 15% C
20079990 Los demás 15% B
20081110 Tostado 15% B
Manteca de cacahuetes (mantequilla de
20081120 15% A
maní).
20081190 Los demás 15% A
Nueces de marañón, incluidas sus mezclas
en que las nueces de marañón, constituyan
20081911 15% B
el ingrediente de mayor proporción por
peso
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Mezclas con cacahuate (maní) como
20081912 ingrediente de mayor proporción por 15% A
peso.
20081913 Almendras mantecadas. LIBRE I
20081919 Las demás. 15% A
De almendras tostadas, sin azucarar, ni
20081921 LIBRE I
edulcorar de otro modo
De semillas de sésamo (ajonjolí) tostadas
20081922 10% C
20081929 Las demás 15% C
20081990 Los demás 15% C
20082000 Piñas (ananás). 15% C
20083000 Agrios (cítricos). 15% B
20084000 Peras. LIBRE I
Albaricoques (damascos, chabacanos).
20085000 LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
20092900 Los demás -Jugo de toronja o pomelo. 15% A
20093100 De valor Brix inferior o igual a 20 15% A
20093900 Los demás 15% A
20094100 De valor Brix inferior o igual a 20 15% C
20094900 Los demás 15% C
20095000 Jugo de tomate 15% A
20096100 De valor Brix inferior o igual a 30 15% E
20096910 Concentrado, incluso en polvo LIBRE I
Sin aditivos, ni preservativos, o con solo
20096920 la adición de ácido ascórbico (vitamina 15% A
"C").
20096990 Los demás 15% A
20097100 De valor Brix inferior o igual a 20 15% Q
20097910 Concentrado. LIBRE I
Sin aditivos, ni preservativos, o con solo
20097920 la adición de ácido ascórbico (vitamina 15% A
"C").
20097990 Los demás 15% A
20098011 Concentrado 15% A
20098019 Los demás 15% A
De hortaliza sin tomate, incluso
20098020 15% M
concentrado
20098031 De frutas tropicales. 15% E
20098032 De pera. LIBRE I
20098033 De melocotón o durazno LIBRE I
20098034 De albaricoque. LIBRE I
20098039 Los demás LIBRE I
20098091 De frutas tropicales. 15% Q
20098092 De melocotón o durazno. 15% Q
20098093 De albaricoque. 15% Q
20098094 De Pera. 15% Q
20098099 Los demás LIBRE I
20099011 De hortalizas, sin tomate. 15% C
20099012 De hortalizas, con tomate 15% A
20099013 De frutas tropicales 15% C
20099019 Las demás. LIBRE I
20099021 Con tomate. 15% B
20099029 Los demás. 15% C
20099030 Jugo de ciruelas pasas y arándano. 15% C
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Jugos de manzana y uva, con sólo la
adición de vitamina "C" (ácido
20099040 15% C
ascórbico), sin otro aditivo ni
preservativo, sin concentrar.
20099090 Los demás. 15% B
21011110 Café instantáneo (soluble). 81% M
21011190 Los demás. 30% M
21011210 Pastas de café. 30% M
21011220 Café instantáneo (soluble). 81% M
21011290 Los demás. 30% M
Extractos, esencias y concentrados a base
de té y preparaciones a base de estos
21012010 15% A
extractos, esencias o concentrados.
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
A base de carne, incluso de sus extractos
21041011 10% A
o jugos
A base de pescado, crustáceos, moluscos,
21041012 incluso de sus extractos o jugos 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
A base de leche o de nata (crema), incluso Ver párrafo 15 del
con cacao. Apéndice I de las Notas
21050010 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Que contenga cacao. Ver párrafo 15 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
21050091 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Los demás. Ver párrafo 15 del
Apéndice I de las Notas
21050099 15% Generales de la Lista Ver Anexo 3.17
Arancelaria de Panamá al
Anexo 3.3
Concentrados de proteínas y sustancias
21061000 LIBRE I
proteicas texturadas
Jarabe o sirope, de sabor natural o
artificial, para bebidas gaseosas, del tipo
utilizado en las máquinas expendedoras
21069011 de mezcla posterior (“post-mix), para LIBRE I
producir bebidas gaseosas en
refresquerías, restaurantes, cines, escuelas
y otros lugares
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Azucarados o edulcorados de otro modo
21069041 15% A
21069049 Los demás. 5% A
Mezclas de plantas o partes de plantas,
21069050 semillas o frutas (enteros troceados, LIBRE I
partidos o pulverizados) para infusiones o
21069061 Destinados a mejorar la digestibilidad LIBRE I
21069062 A base de vitaminas o minerales 5% A
21069069 Los demás 10% A
Preparados alimenticios estabilizadores,
21069070 emulsionantes o antioxidantes. LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Soluciones electrolíticas en medio acuoso,
a base de azúcares y productos químicos,
22029040 utilizadas para la recuperación de 5% A
pérdidas de líquidos y minerales.
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Con grado alcohólico volumétrico
22051091 15% A
superior a 20% vol.
22051099 Los demás. 15% C
Con grado alcohólico volumétrico
22059011 15% A
superior a 20% vol.
22059019 Los demás. 15% A
Vinos tónicos reconstituyentes con
22059020 adición de vitaminas, clorhidrato de 5% A
quinina y pantotenato de calcio
Sangrías y demás vinos aromatizados
22059030 con hortalizas, frutas u otros frutos. 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Con valor C.I.F. igual o mayor de
22083020 15% A
B/.70.00 cada caja (doce unidades).
Concentrados para la preparación
22083030 15% A
industrial de bebidas alcohólicas
22083090 Los demás 15% A
En envases originales para su expendio al
22084010 15% A
por menor
Concentrados para la preparación
22084020 15% A
industrial de bebidas alcohólicas
22084090 Los demás 15% A
En envases originales para su expendio al
22085010 15% A
por menor
Concentrados para la preparación
22085020 15% A
industrial de bebidas alcohólicas
22085090 Los demás 15% A
De graduación alcohólica superior a 60º
22086010 gl ( en envases originales para su 15% A
expendio al por menor).
De graduación alcohólica inferior o igual
a 60° gl y con valor C.I.F mayor a B/.2.50
22086020 15% A
por litro ( en envases originales para su
expendio al por menor).
De graduación alcohólica inferior o igual
a 60° gl y con valor C.I.F. menor o igual
22086030 a B/.2.50 por litro ( en envases originales 15% A
para su expendio al por menor).
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Tequila y "mezcal" ( en envases
22089011 originales para su expendio al por menor). 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Dilución acuosa de zumos de hortalizas,
frutas u otros frutos, mezclada con
cualquier producto destilado, adicionada
22089030 de anhídrido carbónico, y con grado 15% A
alcohólico volumétrico igual o inferior a
6% vol., (en envases originales para su
expendio al por
22089041 Bebida compuesta de "Ron" y "Cola", 15% A
Las demás, con grado alcohólico
volumétrico superior a 60% vol. ( en
22089042 15% A
envases originales para su expendio al por
menor).
Las demás, con grado alcohólico
volumétrico superior a 20% vol. pero
22089043 inferior a 60% vol. ( en envases originales 15% A
para su expendio al por menor).
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Pulpa de remolacha, bagazo de caña de
23032000 azúcar y demás desperdicios de la 15% A
industria azucarera.
Heces y desperdicios de cervecería o de
23033000 15% A
destilería
Tortas y demás residuos sólidos de la
23040000 extracción del aceite de soja (soya), LIBRE I
incluso molidos o en “pellets”.
Tortas y demás residuos sólidos de la
extracción del aceite de cacahuate
23050000 15% A
(cacahuete, maní), incluso molidos o en
“pellets”.
23061000 De algodón. 15% A
23062000 De lino 15% A
23063000 De girasol. 15% A
23064100 Con bajo contenido de ácido erúcico 10% A
23064900 Los demás 10% A
23065000 De coco o de copra. 15% A
23066000 De nuez o de almendra de palma 15% A
23067000 De germen de maíz. 15% A
23069010 De linaza 10% A
23069090 Los demás 15% A
23070000 Lías o heces de vino; tártaro bruto 15% A
23080010 Bellotas y castañas de Indias. 15% A
23080090 Los demás 15% A
23091010 Galletas 15% A
23091090 Los demás. 15% A
Preparaciones forrajeras con adición de
23099010 5% A
melaza o de azúcar
23099021 Avena fortificada 15% A
Reemplazador de leche para la
23099022 5% A
alimentación animal.
Los demás preparados destinados a la
23099023 5% A
crianza de terneros
23099029 Los demás 15% A
Concentrados con menos del 36% de
23099031 proteína cruda, por peso de la preparación LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
Los demás ingredientes para la
preparación de alimentos (por ejemplo:
preparaciones formadas por varias
23099050 sustancias minerales; preparaciones bases LIBRE I
para la elaboración de premezclas, no
expresadas ni comprendidas en otra
parte).
Preparaciones alimenticias para pájaros
23099091 15% A
23099092 Preparaciones alimenticias para peces 15% A
23099099 Los demás. 15% A
24011000 Tabaco sin desvenar o desnervar. LIBRE I
Tabaco total o parcialmente desvenado o
24012000 LIBRE I
desnervado.
24013000 Desperdicios de tabaco. 15% A
Cigarros (puros) (incluso despuntados) y
24021000 cigarritos (puritos), que contengan tabaco. 15% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
33012100 De geranio LIBRE I
33012200 De jazmín LIBRE I
33012300 De lavanda (espliego) o de lavandín LIBRE I
33012400 De menta piperita (Mentha piperita) LIBRE I
33012500 De las demás mentas LIBRE I
33012600 De espicanardo ("vetiver"). LIBRE I
33012910 De vainilla LIBRE I
33012990 Los demás LIBRE I
33013000 Resinoides LIBRE I
Subproductos terpénicos residuales de la
33019010 desterpenación de los aceites esenciales. LIBRE I
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
35029000 -Los demás 15% A
35030011 --Jalea a base de gelatina . LIBRE I
--Gelatina en polvo o en copos, sin
35030012 LIBRE I
endulzar ni aromatizar de otro modo
35030019 --Los demás. LIBRE I
-Ictiocolas y demás colas de origen
35030020 LIBRE I
animal.
35030090 -Las demás 15% A
35040010 Aislados de proteína de soya 6.0% A
Las demás preparaciones destinadas a la
35040020 6.0% A
alimentación
35040090 Las demás 6.0% A
35051010 Dextrinas. LIBRE I
35051020 Fécula de yuca no comestible. 10% A
Almidones y féculas eterificados o
35051030 LIBRE I
esterificacados.
35051040 Almidones y féculas comestibles. LIBRE I
35051090 Los demás LIBRE I
35052000 Colas LIBRE I
38091000 A base de materias amiláceas LIBRE I
38231100 Ácido esteárico. 10% A
38231200 Ácido oleico. LIBRE I
38231300 Ácidos grasos del "tall oil". LIBRE I
Aceites ácidos para la preparación de
38231910 10% A
alimentos animales.
38231920 Acido behénico LIBRE I
38231990 Los demás. 15% A
Que presenten las características de ceras.
38237010 LIBRE I
38237090 Los demás. LIBRE I
Sorbitol, excepto el de la subpartida
38246000 15% A
2905.44
41012010 De becerros y reses pequeñas. 10% A
41012090 Los demás 15% A
Cueros y pieles enteros, de peso unitario
41015000 15% A
superior a 16 Kg
Los demás, incluso los crupones, medios
41019000 15% A
crupones y faldas
41021000 Con lana 10% A
41022100 Piquelados. 10% A
41022900 Los demás. 10% A
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
41031000 De caprino. 10% A
41032010 De lagarto. 10% A
41032090 Los demás. 10% A
41033000 De Porcino 10% A
41039010 De perros. 10% A
41039090 Los demás. 10% A
De visón, enteras, incluso sin la cabeza,
43011000 10% A
cola o patas
De cordero llamadas "astracán",
"Breitschwanz", “caracul”, "persa" o
similares, de corderos de Indias, de
43013000 10% A
China, de Mongolia, o del Tibet, enteras,
incluso sin la cabeza, cola o patas.
Arancel
Subpartida Descripción Categoria de Desgravación Salvaguardia
Base
51033000 Desperdicios de pelo ordinario. 10% A
52010000 Algodón sin cardar ni peinar. LIBRE I
52021000 Desperdicios de hilados. LIBRE I
52029100 Hilachas LIBRE I
52029900 Los demás. LIBRE I
52030000 Algodón cardado o peinado. LIBRE I
53011000 Lino en bruto o enriado 10% A
53012100 Agramado o espadado 10% A
53012900 Los demás. 10% A
53013000 Estopas y desperdicios de lino 10% A
53021000 Cáñamo en bruto o enriado 10% A
53029000 Los demás 10% A
(1) Definición: Carne de bovino tipo "prime y choice" se entenderá como carne de bovino de grados prime y
choice tal como se define en la United States Standards for Grades of Carcass Beef, promulgada de conformidad
con la Agricultural Marketing Act de 1946 (7 U.S.C. §§ 1621-1627) y sus enmiendas.
26209100 Que contengan antimonio, berilio, cadmio, cromo, o sus mezclas. 10% A
26209910 Residuos de carnalita 15% A
26209920 Que contengan principalmente vanadio 10% A
26209990 Los demás 10% A
Cenizas y residuos procedentes de la incineración de desechos y
26211000 desperdicios municipales. 10% A
26219000 Los demás 10% A
27011100 Antracitas. 10% A
27011200 Hulla bituminosa. LIBRE I
27011900 Las demás hullas. 10% A
Briquetas, ovoides y combustibles sólidos similares, obtenidos de
27012000 la hulla. 10% A
27021000 Lignitos, incluso pulverizados, pero sin aglomerar. 10% A
27022000 Lignitos aglomerados 10% A
TURBA (COMPRENDIDA LA UTILIZADA PARA CAMA DE
27030000 ANIMALES), INCLUSO AGLOMERADA. 10% A
27040010 Carbón de retorta 15% A
29041000 Derivados solamente sulfonados, sus sales y sus ésteres etílicos. LIBRE I
29042010 Nitroetano; tetranitrometano. LIBRE I
29042090 Los demás. LIBRE I
29049000 Los demás. LIBRE I
29051100 Metanol (alcohol metílico). LIBRE I
29094400 Los demás éteres monoalquílicos del etilenglicol o del dietilenglicol. LIBRE I
29094900 Los demás. LIBRE I
Éteres-fenoles, éteres-alcoholes-fenoles, y sus derivados
29095000 halogenados, sulfonados, nitrados o nitrosados. LIBRE I
29156000 Ácidos butanoicos, ácidos pentanoicos, sus sales y sus ésteres LIBRE I
29157000 Ácido palmítico, ácido esteárico, sus sales y sus ésteres LIBRE I
29159010 Cloruro de acetílo. LIBRE I
29159090 Los demás LIBRE I
29161100 Ácido acrílico y sus sales LIBRE I
29161200 Ésteres del ácido acrílico LIBRE I
29161300 Ácido metacrílico y sus sales. LIBRE I
29161400 Ésteres del ácido metacrílico. LIBRE I
29161500 Ácidos oleico, linoléico o linolénico, sus sales y sus ésteres. LIBRE I
29161900 Los demás. LIBRE I
Ácidos monocarboxílicos ciclánicos, ciclénicos o cicloterpénicos,
sus anhídridos, halogenuros, peróxidos, peroxiácidos y sus
29162000 derivados LIBRE I
29163100 Ácido benzoico, sus sales y sus ésteres LIBRE I
29163200 Peróxido de benzoilo y cloruro de benzoilo LIBRE I
29163400 Ácido fenilacético y sus sales. LIBRE I
29163500 Ésteres del ácido fenilacético. LIBRE I
29163900 Los demás LIBRE I
29171100 Ácido oxálico, sus sales y sus ésteres. LIBRE I
29171200 Ácido adípico, sus sales y sus ésteres LIBRE I
29171300 Ácidos azelaico, ácido sebácico, sus sales y sus ésteres LIBRE I
29171400 Anhídrido maleico. LIBRE I
29171900 Los demás. LIBRE I
29181910 Ácido fenilglicólico (ácido mandélico), sus sales y sus ésteres. LIBRE I
29181990 Los demás LIBRE I
29182100 Ácido salicílico y sus sales LIBRE I
29182200 Ácido O-acetilsalicílico, sus sales y sus ésteres. LIBRE I
29182300 Los demás ésteres del ácido salicílico y sus sales. LIBRE I
29182910 Ácido gálico. LIBRE I
29182990 Los demás. LIBRE I
Ácidos carboxílicos con función aldehído o cetona, pero sin otra
función oxigenada, sus anhídridos, halogenuros, peróxidos,
29183000 peroxiácidos y sus derivados. LIBRE I
29189000 Los demás. LIBRE I
ÉSTERES FOSFÓRICOS Y SUS SALES, INCLUIDOS LOS
LACTOFOSFATOS; SUS DERIVADOS HALOGENADOS,
29190000 SULFONADOS, NITRADOS O NITROSADOS. LIBRE I
Ésteres tiofosfóricos (fosforotioatos) y sus sales; sus derivados
29201000 halogenados, sulfonados, nitrados o nitrosados LIBRE I
29209000 Los demás LIBRE I
29211100 Mono-, di- o trimetilamina y sus sales LIBRE I
29211200 Dietilamina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29211910 2- cloro -n, n -Dimetilpropilamina. LIBRE I
29211990 Los demás. LIBRE I
29212100 Etilendiamina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29212200 Hexametilendiamina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29212900 Los demás. LIBRE I
Monoaminas y poliaminas, ciclánicas, ciclénicas o cicloterpénicas,
29213000 y sus derivados; sales de estos productos. LIBRE I
29214100 Anilina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29214200 Derivados de la anilina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29214300 Toluidinas y sus derivados; sales de estos productos LIBRE I
29214400 Difenilamina y sus derivados; sales de estos productos. LIBRE I
1-Naftilamina (alfa-naftilamina), 2-naftilamina (beta-naftilamina), y
29214500 sus derivados; sales de estos productos. LIBRE I
Anfetamina (DCI), benzfetamina (DCI), dexanfetamina (DCI),
etilanfetamina (DCI), fencanfamina (DCI), fentermina (DCI),
lefetamina (DCI), levanfetamina (DCI) y mefenorex (DCI); sales de
29214600 estos productos LIBRE I
29214910 Eticiclidina (PCE). LIBRE I
29214990 Los demás. LIBRE I
o-,m- y p-Fenilendiamina, diaminotoluenos, y sus derivados; sales
29215100 de estos productos LIBRE I
29215900 Los demás. LIBRE I
29221100 Monoetanolamina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29221200 Dietanolamina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29221300 Trietanolamina y sus sales. LIBRE I
29221400 Dextropropoxifeno (DCI) y sus sales. LIBRE I
29221900 Los demás. LIBRE I
29222100 Ácidos aminonaftolsulfónicos y sus sales LIBRE I
29222200 Anisidinas, dianisidinas, fenetidinas, y sus sales. LIBRE I
29222900 Los demás. LIBRE I
33049911 Cremas faciales con valor C.I.F. de B/. 15.00 ó más el kilo bruto 5% A
Cremas corporales (para el cuerpo y las manos) con valor C.I.F. de
B/. 10.00 ó más el kilo bruto, con excepción de las preparaciones
33049912 para manicuras y pedicuros 5% A
33049919 Los demás 6% A
33049920 Vinagres de tocador 13% B
33049930 Preparaciones antisolares y bronceadores 8% A
33049990 Los demás 5% A
33051010 En crema (pastoso, sólido o semisólido). 6% A
33051020 Líquidos, incluso medicamentosos 6% A
33052000 Preparaciones para ondulación o desrizado permanentes. 6% A
33053000 Lacas para el cabello 6% A
33059011 Pomadas perfumadas. 6% A
33059012 Pomadas sin perfumar 6% A
33059019 Los demás. 6% A
33059020 Tintes y productos decolorantes para el cabello. 6% A
33059090 Los demás 6% A
33061010 Medicados 13% B
33061090 Los demás 15% C
Hilo utilizado para limpieza de los espacios interdentales (hilo
33062000 dental). 3% A
33069010 Enjuagues bucales y aguas dentríficas 15% C
33069020 Las demás preparaciones para perfumar el aliento 6% A
33069090 Los demás 13% C
33071010 Cremas y espumas de afeitar 6% A
A base de alcoholes desnaturalizados (tipo Bay Rum, Menticol y
33071021 similares). 5% A
Las demás lociones y colonias con valor C.I.F. de B/. 4.43 ó más el
33071022 litro 5% A
33071029 Las demás lociones y colonias 15% C
33071090 Los demás 13% C
33072010 Con valor C.I.F. de B/. 15.00 ó más el kilo bruto. 5% A
33072090 Los demás. 15% B
33073000 Sales perfumadas y demás preparaciones para el baño. 13% B
Agarbatti y demás preparaciones odoríferas que actuan por
33074100 combustión. 13% B
Desodorantes, fumigatorios y similares para perfumar el ambiente
33074910 presentados en recipientes de aerosoles 15% A
33074990 Los demás 13% B
Guatas, fieltros, telas sin tejer y papeles impregnados, recubiertos
33079010 o revestidos de perfume. 5% A
Guatas, fieltros, telas sin tejer y papel impregnados, recubiertos o
33079020 revestidos de maquillajes 6% A
33079030 Depilatorios 13% B
33079040 Preparaciones de tocador para animales, incluso medicados 13% A
34070030 Pastas para modelar del tipo para el entretenimiento de los niños. 6% A
34070090 Las demás. 6% A
Productos de cualquier clase utilizados como colas o adhesivos,
acondicionados para la venta al por menor como colas o
35061000 adhesivos, de peso neto inferior o igual a 1 kg 10% A
Adhesivos a base de polímeros de las partidas 39.01 a 39.13 o de
35069100 caucho LIBRE I
35069900 Los demás LIBRE I
35071000 Cuajo y sus concentrados LIBRE I
35079010 Enzimas "puras" (aisladas); concentrados enzimáticos. LIBRE I
35079021 Preparaciones enzimáticas alimenticias LIBRE I
35079029 Las demás LIBRE I
36010000 PÓLVORAS. 13% A
36020000 EXPLOSIVOS PREPARADOS, EXCEPTO LAS PÓLVORAS 13% A
36030010 Fulminantes para cartuchos de armas de fuego 6% A
36030090 Los demás 13% A
36041010 Juguetes pirotécnicos 6% A
36041090 Los demás 15% A
36049010 Dispositivos de señalización. 13% A
36049030 Antorcha submarina. 6% A
36049090 Los demás. 15% A
38099100 Del tipo de los utilizados en la industria textil o industrias similares LIBRE I
Del tipo de los utilizados en la industria del papel o industrias
38099200 similares LIBRE I
Del tipo de los utilizados en la industria del cuero o industrias
38099300 similares 6% A
38101011 En solución a base de ácidos LIBRE I
38101019 Las demás LIBRE I
38101090 Las demás LIBRE I
38109000 Los demás LIBRE I
38111110 Para mezclar con las gasolinas 6% A
38111190 Los demás 6% A
38111910 Para mezclar con las gasolinas 6% A
38111990 Los demás 6% A
38112100 Que contegan aceites de petróleo o de mineral bituminoso LIBRE I
38112900 Los demás LIBRE I
38119000 Los demás 6% A
38121000 Aceleradores de vulcanización preparados LIBRE I
38122000 Plastificantes compuestos para caucho o plástico 13% B
Preparaciones antioxidantes y demás estabilizantes compuestos
38123000 para caucho o plástico. LIBRE I
PREPARACIONES Y CARGAS PARA APARATOS EXTINTORES;
38130000 GRANADAS Y BOMBAS EXTINTORAS. 13% B
Disolventes o diluyentes orgánicos compuestos para los productos
38140010 comprendidos en el Capítulo 32. LIBRE I
38140090 Los demás. 13% A
38151100 Con niquel o sus compuestos como sustancia activa LIBRE I
38151200 Con metal precioso o sus compuestos como sustancia activa. LIBRE I
38151900 Los demás LIBRE I
38159000 Los demás. LIBRE I
CEMENTOS, MORTEROS, HORMIGONES Y PREPARACIONES
SIMILARES, REFRACTARIOS, EXCEPTO LOS PRODUCTOS DE
38160000 LA PARTIDA 38.01. LIBRE I
38170010 Mezclas de alquílbencenos LIBRE I
38170020 Mezclas de alquilnaftalenos LIBRE I
ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS DOPADOS PARA USO EN
ELECTRÓNICA, EN DISCOS, OBLEAS ("WAFERS") O FORMAS
ANÁLOGAS; COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS DOPADOS PARA USO
38180000 EN ELECTRÓNICA. LIBRE I
LÍQUIDOS PARA FRENOS HIDRÁULICOS Y DEMÁS LÍQUIDOS
PREPARADOS PARA TRANSMISIONES HIDRÁULICAS, SIN
ACEITES DE PETRÓLEO NI DE MINERAL BITUMINOSO O CON
UN CONTENIDO INFERIOR AL 70% EN PESO DE DICHOS
38190000 ACEITES 13% B
PREPARACIONES ANTICONGELANTES Y LÍQUIDOS
38200000 PREPARADOS PARA DESCONGELAR 13% A
MEDIOS DE CULTIVO PREPARADOS PARA EL DESARROLLO
38210000 DE MICROORGANISMOS. LIBRE I
Tiras para la determinación de glicemia capilar, de glucosa o de
38220010 acetona, en la orina. LIBRE I
38220090 Los demás. LIBRE I
38242000 Ácidos nafténicos, sus sales insolubles en agua y sus ésteres. LIBRE I
Carburos metálicos sin aglomerar mezclados entre sí o con
38243000 aglutinantes metálicos LIBRE I
Controladores de hidratación microsílicas e inhibidores de
38244010 corrosión. LIBRE I
38244090 Los demás 10% A
38245000 Morteros y hormigones, no refractarios LIBRE I
39161010 Láminas para techos con ondas en forma de líneas quebradas. 10% B
39161090 Las demás. 6% A
39162010 Cordones de vinil para mallas y ventanas. 14% C
39162020 Láminas para techos con ondas en forma de líneas quebradas. 10% B
39162090 Los demás. LIBRE I
39169010 Láminas para techos con ondas en forma de líneas quebradas. 10% B
39169090 Las demás. 6% A
39171010 Envueltas tubulares para embutidos LIBRE I
39171090 Los demás. LIBRE I
39172111 Para envases "Tetra pack". LIBRE I
39172119 Los demás. 15% C
39172120 Con diámetro interior hasta 4 pulgadas 10% B
39172190 Los demás 13% C
39172211 Para envases "Tetra pack". LIBRE I
39172219 Los demás. 15% C
39172220 Con diámetro interior hasta 4 pulgadas. 10% B
39172290 Los demás 10% B
39172311 Para envases "Tetra pack". LIBRE I
39172319 Los demás. 15% C
39172320 Con diámetro interior hasta 4 pulgadas. 10% A
39172390 Los demás. 10% B
39172911 Para envases "Tetra pack". LIBRE I
39172919 Los demás. 15% C
39172990 Los demás. 13% C
39173110 Provistos de terminales roscados de conexión (“mangueras”) LIBRE I
39173190 Los demás 6% A
39173210 Envueltos tubulares para embutidos LIBRE I
39173290 Los demás 6% A
Los demás, sin reforzar ni combinar con otras materias, con
39173300 accesorios. 13% C
39173910 Con accesorios 13% C
39173991 Envueltas tubulares para embutidos. LIBRE I
39173999 Los demás 6% A
39174000 Accesorios LIBRE I
39181010 Losetas, baldosas y azulejos 5% A
39181020 Los demás revestimientos para suelo, en rollo. 6% A
39231040 Jaula para transporte de pollos, canasta para transporte de pollitos. LIBRE I
39231090 Los demás. 15% A
Bolsas recubiertas de almidón para empacar queso; bolsas con
cierre hermético; bolsas con válvulas de dosificación; bolsas
coextruídas termoencogibles; bolsas coextruídas para cocción de
39232110 jamones. LIBRE I
Bolsas de seguridad con cierre por banda autoadhesiva para
39232120 asegurar la inviolabilidad de dicho continente. 10% A
Silobolas o bolsas para ensilar (excepto bolsas para basura o de
39232130 jardin) LIBRE I
39232190 Los demás. 15% C
39232910 Del tipo utilizado en hornos de micro ondas. 15% A
Bolsas recubiertas de almidón para empacar queso; bolsas con
cierre hermético; bolsas con válvulas de dosificación; bolsas
coextruídas termoencogibles; bolsas coextruídas para cocción de
39232920 jamones. LIBRE I
Bolasa de seguridad con cierre por banda autoadhesiva para
39232930 asegurar la inviolabilidad de dicho continente. 10% A
Silobolas o bolsas para ensilar (excepto bolsas para basura o de
39232940 jardin) LIBRE I
39232990 Los demás. 15% C
39253010 Mallas y telas plásticas propias para la protección contra insectos. LIBRE I
39253020 Cordones de vinil para mallas y ventanas. 10% A
39253031 Persianas, incluidas las venecianas. 13% C
39253039 Partes LIBRE I
39253040 Cortinas para cuartos fríos. 3% A
39253090 Los demás 6% C
Jaboneras, toalleros, portarrollos y otros artículos similares que
guarnecen los cuartos de baño, tocadores o cocinas, diseñados
para su fijación permanente en paredes u otras partes de
39259010 construcción 6% A
39259020 Varillas, barras, perfiles y molduras. LIBRE I
39259040 Planchas de P.V.C. con forma de madera machimbradas . 10% C
Láminas translúcidas de materia plástica con fibra de vidrio, lisas u
39259050 onduladas 10% C
39259060 Láminas acrílicas 10% B
39259070 Pisos y rejillas para corrales de cerdo 3% A
39259090 Los demás. 6% B
39261000 Artículos de oficina y artículos escolares 6% A
39262011 Capotes 5% A
39262019 Las demás 5% A
39262021 Protectores para trabajadores. 6% A
39262029 Los demás. 6% A
39262030 Cinturones. 6% A
39262090 Los demás. 13% C
39263000 Guarniciones para muebles, carrocerías o similares. LIBRE I
39264000 Estatuillas y demás artículos de adornos. 5% A
39269011 De transmisión LIBRE I
39269019 Los demás LIBRE I
39269021 Arandelas, juntas (empaquetaduras). LIBRE I
39269029 Los demás. LIBRE I
Escafandras y caretas protectoras, incluidos los protectores contra
39269030 el ruído (orejeras). 6% A
44072600 White Lauan, White Meranti, White Seraya, Yellow Meranti y Alan. LIBRE I
44072900 Las demás. LIBRE I
45020090 Los demás, incluidos los esbozos de tapones con aristas vivas 15% C
45031000 Tapones LIBRE I
45039010 Juntas (empaques), arandelas, diafragmas. 10% A
47079000 Los demás, incluidos los desperdicios y desechos sin clasificar LIBRE I
48010010 Sin impresión, en bobinas (rollos). LIBRE I
Sin impresión, en hojas cuadradas o rectangulares de 50.8 cm o
más en un lado y de 76.2 cm o más en el otro, sin plegar (no
48010020 menor de 20" x 30"). LIBRE I
48010090 Los demás. 5% A
48021000 Papel y cartón hecho a mano (hoja a hoja). 15% A
48022010 Sin impresión, en bobinas (rollos). LIBRE I
Sin impresión, en hojas cuadradas o rectangulares de50.8 cm o
más en un lado y de 76.2 cm o más en el otro, sin plegar (no menor
48022020 de 20" x 30"). LIBRE I
48022090 Los demás 15% A
48023010 Sin impresión, en bobinas (rollos). LIBRE I
Sin impresión, en hojas cuadradas o rectangulares de50.8 cm o
más en un lado y de 76.2 cm o más en el otro, sin plegar (no
48023020 menor de 20" x 30"). LIBRE I
52052800 De título inferior a 83,33 decitex (superior al número métrico 120). LIBRE I
De título superior o igual a 714,29 decitex por hilo sencillo (inferior o
52053100 igual al número métrico 14 por hilo sencillo). LIBRE I
De título inferior a 714,29 decitex pero superior o igual a 232,56
decitex, por hilo sencillo (superior al número métrico 14 pero
52053200 inferior o igual al número métrico 43, por hilo sencillo). LIBRE I
De título inferior a 232,56 decitex pero superior o igual a 192,31
decitex, por hilo sencillo (superior al número métrico 43 pero inferior
52053300 o igual al número métrico 52, por hilo sencillo). LIBRE I
De título inferior a 192,31 decitex pero superior o igual a 125
decitex, por hilo sencillo (superior al número métrico 52 pero inferior
52053400 o igual al número métrico 80, por hilo sencillo). LIBRE I
De título inferior a 125 decitex por hilo sencillo(superior al número
52053500 métrico 80 por hilo sencillo). LIBRE I
54033200 De rayón viscosa, con una torsión superior a 120 vueltas por metro LIBRE I
54033300 De acetato de celulosa LIBRE I
54033900 Los demás LIBRE I
54034100 De rayón viscosa LIBRE I
54034200 De acetato de celulosa LIBRE I
54034900 Los demás LIBRE I
54041000 Monofilamentos 15% A
54049000 Los demás 15% A
MONOFILAMENTOS ARTIFICIALES DE TITULO SUPERIOR
IGUAL A 67 DECITEX Y CUYA MAYOR DIMENSIÓN DE LA
SECCIÓN TRANSVERSAL SEA INFERIOR O IGUAL A DE 1 mm;
TIRAS Y FORMAS SIMILARES (POR EJEMPLO: PAJA
ARTIFICIAL) DE MATERIA TEXTIL ARTIFICIAL, DE ANCHURA
54050000 APARENTE I 15% A
54061000 Hilados de filamentos sintéticos. LIBRE I
54062000 Hilados de filamentos artificiales. LIBRE I
Tejidos fabricados con hilados de alta tenacidad de nailon o demás
54071000 poliamidas o de poliésteres. LIBRE I
54081000 Tejidos fabricados con hilados de alta tenacidad de rayón viscosa. LIBRE I
54082100 Crudos o blanqueados LIBRE I
54082200 Teñidos LIBRE I
54082300 Con hilados de distintos colores LIBRE I
54082400 Estampados. LIBRE I
54083100 Crudos o blanqueados LIBRE I
54083200 Teñidos LIBRE I
54083300 Con hilados de distintos colores. LIBRE I
54083400 Estampados LIBRE I
55011000 De nailon o demás poliamidas 10% A
55012000 De poliésteres 10% A
55013000 Acrílicos o modacrílicos 10% A
55019000 Los demás 10% A
55020000 CABLES DE FILAMENTOS ARTIFICIALES 10% A
55031000 De nailon o demás poliamidas LIBRE I
55032000 De poliésteres LIBRE I
55033000 Acrílicas o modacrílicas LIBRE I
55034000 De polipropileno LIBRE I
55039000 Las demás LIBRE I
55041000 De rayón viscosa LIBRE I
55049000 Las demás LIBRE I
55051000 De fibras sintéticas LIBRE I
55052000 De fibras artificiales LIBRE I
55061000 De nailon o demás poliamidas. 10% A
55062000 De poliésteres 10% A
55063000 Acrílicas o modacrílicas 10% A
55069000 Las demás 10% A
FIBRAS ARTIFICIALES DISCONTINUAS, CARDADAS,
PEINADAS O TRANSFORMADAS DE OTRO MODO PARA LA
55070000 HILATURA. 10% A
55081010 Acondicionada para la venta al por menor. LIBRE I
55081090 Los demás. LIBRE I
55082010 Acondicionada para la venta al por menor 15% A
55082090 Los demás. 15% A
55091100 Sencillos. LIBRE I
55091200 Retorcidos o cableados LIBRE I
56090030 Aljofifas, estropajos o motas para el fregado o lavado de pisos, etc. 15% A
56090090 Los demás 15% A
57011000 De lana o pelo fino 5% A
57019000 De las demás materias textiles 5% A
57021010 De lana o de pelo fino 10% A
57021090 Las demás 10% A
57022000 Revestimientos para el suelo de fibras de coco 15% A
57023100 De lana o pelo fino 10% A
57023210 Que presenten paisajes, diseños o dibujos decorativos. 10% A
57024230 Las demás que presenten paisajes, diseños o dibujos decorativos 10% A
57024240 Las demás, de superficie inferior o igual a un metro cuadrado. 10% A
57024290 Las demás 15% A
57024910 Para vehículos automóviles 15% A
57024920 Alfombras de baño. 10% A
57024930 Las demás de fibras vegetales, del Capítulo 53 15% A
57024991 Que presenten paisajes, diseños o dibujos decorativos 10% A
57029230 Las demás que presenten paisajes, diseños o dibujos decorativos 10% A
57029240 Las demás, de superficie inferior o igual a un metro cuadrado 10% A
57029290 Las demás 15% A
57029910 Para vehículos automóviles 15% A
57029920 Alfombras de baño 10% A
57029930 Las demás de fibras vegetales, del Capítulo 53. 15% A
57029991 Que presenten paisajes, diseños o dibujos decorativos 10% A
61152000 Medias de mujer, de título inferior a 67 decitex por hilo sencillo. 15% A
61159100 De lana o pelo fino. 15% D
61159200 De algodón. 15% D
62042125 Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF superior a B/.108.00 la docena. 15% A
Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF inferior o igual a B/.108.00 la
62042126 docena. 15% A
62042225 Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF superior a B/.108.00 la docena. 15% A
Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF inferior o igual a B/.108.00 la
62042226 docena 15% A
62042311 Con pantalón corto (calzón) o "short". 10% A
62042319 Los demás. 15% A
Con falda o falda pantalón, hasta talla 6x, con valor CIF superior a
62042321 B/.96.00 la docena. 15% A
Con falda o falda pantalón, hasta talla 6x, con valor CIF inferior o
62042322 igual a B/.96.00 la docena. 15% A
62042323 Los demás, con falda o falda pantalón. 15% A
62042324 Con pantalón corto (calzón) o "short". 10% A
62042325 Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF superior a B/.108.00 la docena. 15% A
Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF inferior o igual a B/.108.00 la
62042326 docena. 15% A
62042911 Con pantalón corto (calzón) o "short". 10% A
62042919 Los demás. 15% A
Con falda o falda pantalón, hasta talla 6x, con valor CIF superior a
62042921 B/.96.00 la docena. 15% A
Con falda o falda pantalón, hasta talla 6x, con valor CIF inferior o
62042922 igual a B/.96.00 la docena. 15% A
62042923 Los demás, con falda o falda pantalón. 15% A
62042924 Con pantalón corto (calzón) o "short". 10% A
62042925 Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF superior a B/.108.00 la docena. 15% A
Con pantalón largo, con valor CIF inferior o igual a B/.108.00 la
62042926 docena. 15% A
62043100 De lana o pelo fino. 5% A
62043200 De algodón. 5% A
62043300 De fibras sintéticas. 5% A
62043900 De las demás materias textiles. 5% A
62044110 Para mujeres. 15% A
62044121 Hasta talla 6x. 15% A
62044129 Los demás. 15% A
62044210 Para mujeres. 15% A
62044221 Hasta talla 6x. 15% A
62044229 Los demás. 15% A
62044310 Para mujeres. 15% A
62044321 Hasta talla 6x. 15% A
62044329 Los demás. 15% A
62044410 Para mujeres. 15% A
62044421 Hasta talla 6x 15% A
62044429 Los demás. 15% A
62044910 Para mujeres. 15% A
62044921 Hasta talla 6x. 15% A
62044929 Los demás. 15% A
62045110 Para mujeres. 15% A
62045120 Para niñas hasta talla 6x. 15% A
62045190 Los demás. 15% A
62045210 Uniformes escolares hasta talla 18. 15% A
62045220 Los demás, para mujeres. 15% A
62045230 Los demás, para niñas, hasta talla 6x. 15% A
62045290 Los demás. 15% A
64029196 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% N
64029197 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% N
64029910 Zapatillas de deportes y calzados de danzas. 5% N
64029996 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% N
64029997 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% N
Calzado de esquí y calzado para la práctica de "snowboard" (tabla
64031200 para nieve) 5% A
64031900 Los demás 5% A
64035192 Para niños o niñas con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.20.00 cada par 15% A
64035193 Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF superior a B/.20.00 cada par. 15% A
64035194 Para damas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64035195 Para damas, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par 5% A
64035196 Para hombres, con valor CIF inferior o igual a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64035197 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% A
64035910 Calzados de danzas. 5% A
64035920 Calzados de casa 15% A
64035991 Para primera infancia. 15% A
64035996 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64035997 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% A
64039110 Zapatillas de deportes y calzados de danzas. 5% A
64039120 Calzado de casa 15% A
64039191 Para primera infancia. 15% A
Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/. 20.00 cada
64039192 par. 15% A
64039193 Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF superior a B/.20.00 cada par. 15% A
64039194 Para damas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64039195 Para damas, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par 5% A
64039196 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64039197 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% A
64039910 Zapatillas de deportes y calzados de danzas 5% A
64039920 Calzados de casa. 15% A
64039991 Para primera infancia. 15% A
Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/. 20.00 cada
64039992 par. 15% A
64039993 Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF superior a B/.20.00 cada par. 15% A
64039994 Para damas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64039995 Para damas, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par 5% A
64039996 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64039997 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% A
64041110 Calzado de deporte. 5% A
64041120 Zapatillas de deportes. 5% A
64041910 Calzados de danzas. 5% A
64041993 Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF superior a B/.20.00 cada par. 15% N
64041994 Para damas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% N
64041995 Para damas, con valor CIF superior a B/.30.00 cada par. 5% N
64041996 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% N
64041997 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par 5% N
64042010 Calzados de deportes y calzados de danzas. 5% A
64042020 Calzados de casa. 15% A
64042091 Para primera infancia. 15% A
Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.20.00 cada
64042092 par. 15% A
64042093 Para niños o niñas, con valor CIF superior a B/.20.00 cada par. 15% A
64042094 Para damas, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64042096 Para hombres, con valor CIF igual o inferior a B/.30.00 cada par. 15% A
64042097 Para hombres, con valor CIF superior a B/. 30.00 cada par. 5% A
64051010 Con suela de madera o de corcho. 15% A
64051020 Con suela de otras materias (cuerda, cartón, tejidos y fieltro). 15% A
64052010 Con suela de madera o corcho 15% A
64052020 Con suela de otras materias (cuerda, cartón, tejidos y fieltro). 15% A
64059010 Con suela de madera o corcho 15% A
64059020 Con suela de otras materias (cuerda, cartón, tejidos y fieltro). 15% A
Partes superiores de calzado y sus partes, excepto los
64061000 contrafuertes y punteras duras. LIBRE I
64062000 Suelas y tacones (tacos), de caucho o plástico. LIBRE I
64069100 De madera LIBRE I
64069900 De las demás materias. LIBRE I
CASCOS SIN FORMA NI ACABADO, PLATOS (DISCOS) Y
CILINDROS, AUNQUE ESTÉN CORTADOS EN EL SENTIDO DE
65010000 LA ALTURA, DE FIELTRO, PARA SOMBREROS. 15% C
CASCOS PARA SOMBREROS, TRENZADOS O FABRICADOS
POR UNIÓN DE TIRAS DE CUALQUIER MATERIA, SIN
65020000 FORMAR, ACABAR NI GUARNECER. 15% C
65030010 Gorras y quepis, con anuncios de carácter comercial. 15% C
65030090 Los demás 15% C
65040010 Sombreros de paja o imitación a paja 15% C
65040020 Gorras y quepis, con anuncio de carácter comercial 15% C
65040090 Los demás 15% C
65051000 Redecillas para el cabello. 15% C
65059011 De fieltro 15% C
65059012 De las demás materias textiles, para caballeros. 15% C
65059019 Los demás. 15% C
65059021 Sin anuncios ni distintivos, del tipo utilizado para uniformes 15% C
65059022 Con anuncios de carácter comercial 15% C
Con distintivos o aplicaciones, bordados, de licencias
65059023 internacionales. 10% B
65059029 Los demás 15% C
65059090 Los demás 15% C
65061000 Cascos de seguridad. 10% A
65069110 Sombreros 15% C
65069120 Gorras de baño 10% C
Gorras, excepto de baño, y kepis, con anuncios de carácter
65069130 comercial. 15% C
65069190 Los demás 15% C
65069210 Sombreros 15% C
65069290 Los demás 15% C
65069910 Sombreros 15% C
65069920 Gorras y quepis, con anuncios de carácter comercial 15% C
65069990 Los demás 15% C
DESUDADORES, FORROS, FUNDAS, ARMADURAS, VISERAS Y
BARBOQUEJOS (BARBIJOS), PARA SOMBREROS Y DEMÁS
65070000 TOCADOS 15% C
66011000 Quitasoles toldo y artículos similares. 10% A
66019110 Paraguas para playas, patios y piscinas. 15% A
66019120 Los demás paraguas y sombrillas. 15% A
66019190 Los demás. 10% A
66019910 Paraguas para playas, patios y piscinas. 15% A
66019920 Los demás paraguas y sombrillas. 15% A
66019990 Los demás. 10% A
66020010 Látigos, fustas y similares de cualquier materia. 15% C
66020020 Bastones, bastones asientos y artículos similares. 15% C
66031000 Puños y pomos 15% C
Monturas ensambladas, incluso con el astil o mango, para
66032000 paraguas, sombrillas o quitasoles LIBRE I
72083700 De espesor superior o igual 4,75 mm pero inferior o igual a 10 mm. LIBRE I
72083800 De espesor superior o igual a 3 mm pero inferior a 4,75 mm 10% B
72083900 De espesor inferior a 3 mm. LIBRE I
Sin enrollar, simplemente laminados en caliente, con motivos en
72084000 relieve. LIBRE I
72085100 De espesor superior a 10 mm. LIBRE I
72085200 De espesor superior o igual 4,75 mm pero inferior o igual a 10 mm. LIBRE I
72085300 De espesor superior o igual a 3 mm pero inferior a 4,75 mm LIBRE I
72085400 De espesor inferior a 3 mm. LIBRE I
72089000 Los demás. 15% B
72091500 De espesor superior o igual a 3 mm. LIBRE I
72091600 De espesor superior a 1 mm pero inferior a 3 mm LIBRE I
72091700 De espesor superior o igual a 0,5 mm pero inferior o igual a 1 mm. LIBRE I
72091800 De espesor inferior a 0,5 mm. LIBRE I
72092500 De espesor superior o igual a 3 mm. LIBRE I
72092600 De espesor superior a 1 mm pero inferior a 3 mm LIBRE I
72092700 De espesor superior o igual a 0,5 mm pero inferior o igual a 1 mm. LIBRE I
72092800 De espesor inferior a 0,5 mm. LIBRE I
72099000 Los demás. LIBRE I
72101100 De espesor superior o igual a 0,5 mm. LIBRE I
72101200 De espesor inferior a 0,5 mm. LIBRE I
Emplomados, incluidos los revestidos con una aleación de plomo y
72102000 estaño. LIBRE I
72103010 Ondulados. 10% B
72103020 Revestidas con material fosfatizado. LIBRE I
72103091 En los calibres del 20 al 30, inclusive. LIBRE I
72103099 Las demás. 10% B
72104100 Ondulados. 10% B
72104910 Revestidas con material fosfatizado. LIBRE I
72104920 Los demás, en calibres del 20 al 30, inclusive. LIBRE I
72104990 Los demás. LIBRE I
72193400 De espesor superior o igual a 0,5 mm pero inferior o igual a 1 mm. LIBRE I
72193500 De espesor inferior a 0,5 mm. 15% C
72199000 Los demás. 15% C
72201110 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72201120 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72201190 Los demás. LIBRE I
72201210 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72201220 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72201290 Los demás. LIBRE I
72202010 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72202020 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72202090 Los demás. LIBRE I
72209010 Flejes. LIBRE I
72209020 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72209090 Los demás. 15% C
72210000 ALAMBRÓN DE ACERO INOXIDABLE. LIBRE I
72221100 De sección circular. LIBRE I
72221900 Las demás. LIBRE I
72222010 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72222021 Calibradas. LIBRE I
72222029 Las demás. LIBRE I
72222090 Las demás. LIBRE I
72223010 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72223021 Calibradas. LIBRE I
72223029 Las demás. LIBRE I
72223090 Las demás. LIBRE I
72224000 Perfiles. LIBRE I
72230000 ALAMBRE DE ACERO INOXIDABLE. LIBRE I
72241000 Lingotes o demás formas primarias. LIBRE I
72249000 Los demás. LIBRE I
72251100 De grano orientado. LIBRE I
72251900 Los demás. LIBRE I
72252000 De acero rápido. LIBRE I
72253000 Los demás, simplemente laminados en caliente, enrollados LIBRE I
72254000 Los demás, simplemente laminados en caliente, sin enrollar. LIBRE I
72255000 Los demás, simplemente laminados en frío. LIBRE I
72259100 Cincados electrolíticamente. LIBRE I
72259200 Cincados de otro modo LIBRE I
72259900 Los demás. LIBRE I
72261100 De grano orientado. LIBRE I
72261900 Los demás. LIBRE I
72262010 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72262020 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72262090 Los demás. LIBRE I
72269110 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72269120 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72269190 Los demás. LIBRE I
72269210 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72269220 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72269290 Los demás. LIBRE I
72269300 Cincados electrolíticamente. LIBRE I
72269400 Cincados de otro modo. LIBRE I
72269910 Flejes o zunchos. LIBRE I
72269920 Pletinas. LIBRE I
72269990 Los demás. LIBRE I
72271000 De acero rápido. LIBRE I
73141420 Mallas y telas metálicas propias para la protección contra insectos. 10% B
73141430 Mallas de ciclón. 10% B
73141920 Mallas y telas metálicas, propias para la protección contra insectos 10% B
73141930 Mallas de ciclón. 10% B
73141940 Mallas propias para gaviones. 10% B
73141990 Las demás. 15% C
73142010 Mallas para tamices de cantera. 10% B
73142020 Mallas para cercados. 10% B
73142090 Las demás. 15% C
73143110 Mallas para tamices de cantera. 10% B
73143120 Mallas y telas metálicas propias para la protección contra insectos. 10% B
73143130 Mallas para cercados (excepto de gallinero). 15% B
73143140 Mallas para gallinero. 10% B
73143190 Las demás. 15% B
73143910 Mallas para tamices de cantera. 10% B
73143920 Mallas y telas metálicas propias para la protección contra insectos. 10% B
73143930 Mallas para cercados (excepto de gallinero). 15% B
73143940 Mallas para gallinero. 10% B
73143990 Las demás. 15% B
73144110 Mallas para tamices de cantera. 10% B
73144120 Mallas de ciclón. 10% B
73144130 Mallas propias para gaviones 10% B
73144190 Las demás. 15% B
73144210 Mallas de ciclón. 15% B
73144220 Mallas propias para gaviones 10% B
73144290 Las demás. 15% B
73144910 Mallas para tamices de cantera. 10% B
73144920 Mallas de ciclón. 10% B
73144930 Mallas propias para gaviones 10% B
73144990 Las demás. 15% C
73145010 Del tipo utilizado como malla de repello. 15% C
Las demás, láminas extendidas (desplegadas), cincada
(galvanizada) o no, con número de calibre superior o igual a USG 9
y cuya abertura larga de rombo, sea inferior o igual a tres (3)
73145020 pulgadas. 15% C
73145090 Las demás. LIBRE I
73151100 Cadenas de rodillos. 3% A
73151200 Las demás cadenas. 3% A
73151900 Partes 3% A
73152000 Cadenas antideslizantes. 3% A
73158100 Cadenas de eslabones con contrete (travesaño). 3% A
73158210 Galvanizadas y destinadas a redes de pesca. 5% A
73158290 Las demás. 15% C
73158910 Galvanizada y destinada a redes de pesca. 5% A
73158990 Las demás. 3% A
73159000 Las demás partes. 15% C
ANCLAS, REZONES Y SUS PARTES, DE FUNDICIÓN, HIERRO
73160000 O ACERO. 10% B
73170011 Cincados (galvanizados). 10% C
73170012 Clavos para calzados LIBRE I
73170019 Los demás. 10% C
73170020 Grapas para cercas. 15% C
73170030 Alcayatas y artículos análogos. 15% C
73170090 Los demás. LIBRE I
73181100 Tirafondos. 10% B
73181200 Los demás tornillos para madera. 10% B
73181300 Escarpias y armellas, roscadas. 10% B
73181400 Tornillos taladradores. 10% B
73181500 Los demás tornillos y pernos, incluso con sus tuercas y arandelas. 10% A
73181600 Tuercas. 10% B
73181900 Los demás. LIBRE I
73182100 Arandelas de muelle (resorte) y las demás de seguridad. LIBRE I
73182200 Las demás arandelas. 10% B
73182300 Remaches. LIBRE I
73182400 Pasadores, clavijas y chavetas. 10% B
73182900 Los demás. 10% B
73191000 Agujas de coser, zurcir o bordar. 3% A
73192000 Alfileres de gancho (imperdibles). 15% A
73193000 Los demás alfileres. LIBRE I
73199000 Los demás. 15% C
73201000 Ballestas y sus hojas. LIBRE I
73202000 Muelles (resortes) helicoidales. LIBRE I
73209000 Los demás. LIBRE I
73211110 Armados. 15% C
73211120 Desmontados o sin montar. 3% A
73211210 Armados. 15% C
73211220 Desmontados o sin montar. 3% A
73211310 Armados. 10% B
73211320 Desmontados o sin montar 3% A
73218100 De combustibles gaseosos, o de gas y otros combustibles 15% A
73218200 De combustibles líquidos. 15% C
73218300 De combustibles sólidos. 10% B
73219000 Partes. 15% C
73221100 De fundición. 15% C
73221900 Los demás. 15% C
73229000 Los demás. 15% C
73231010 Lana de hierro o de acero. 10% C
73231090 Los demás. 15% C
73239110 De cocina o antecocina. 15% C
73239190 Los demás. 15% C
73239200 De fundición, esmaltados. 10% B
73239300 De acero inoxidable. 10% B
73239400 De hierro o acero, esmaltados. 10% B
73239910 Perchas de alambre. 15% C
73239920 Hormas para calzado LIBRE I
73239990 Los demás. 10% B
73241000 Fregaderos (piletas de lavar) y lavabos, de acero inoxidable. 10% B
73242100 De fundición, incluso esmaltadas. 10% B
73242900 Las demás. 10% B
73249000 Los demás, incluidas las partes. 10% B
73251010 Artículos para canalizaciones. 15% C
73251090 Los demás. 15% C
73259100 Bolas y artículos similares para molinos. 3% A
73259910 Artículos para canalizaciones. 15% C
73259990 Los demás. 10% B
73261100 Bolas y artículos similares para molinos. 3% A
73261900 Las demás. 15% C
Ganchos especiales para colgar ropa, de los tipos
73262010 exclusivamente utilizados en locales comerciales. 5% A
73262020 Ataduras para cerrar bolsas o sacos, revestidos de cobre. LIBRE I
73262090 Los demás. 15% C
73269010 Persianas y cortinas. 10% A
73269020 Cajas para herramientas. 10% A
73269030 Sujetador de ganado; tensores de alambres para cercas LIBRE I
73269041 Cajas de empalmes, tapas, molduras. 15% A
73269049 Los demás. 10% A
Abrazaderas, collares, bridas de soporte para tuberías,
articulaciones de rótula, pinzas de suspensión, pinzas de anclaje y
73269050 dispositivos similares. 10% A
76169995 Dispositivo excluidor de tortugas marinas, para las redes de pesca. LIBRE I
76169997 Hormas para calzados. LIBRE I
76169999 Los demás 15% A
78011000 Plomo refinado. 15% A
78019100 Con antimonio como el otro elemento predominante en peso. LIBRE I
78019900 Los demás. 15% B
78020000 DESPERDICIOS Y DESECHOS, DE PLOMO 10% B
78030000 BARRAS, PERFILES Y ALAMBRE, DE PLOMO. 10% B
Hojas y tiras, de espesor inferior o igual a 0,2 mm (sin incluir el
78041100 soporte) 15% B
78041900 Las demás 15% B
78042000 Polvo y escamillas 15% B
82122000 Hojas para maquinillas de afeitar, incluidos los esbozos en fleje. 10% A
82129000 Las demás partes 10% A
82130010 Tijeras de punta roma. 15% C
82130090 Las demás. 10% A
82141010 Sacapuntas y sus cuchillas. 10% A
82141090 Los demás. 10% A
Herramientas y juegos de herramientas de manicura o de pedicuro
82142000 (incluidas las limas para uñas). 10% A
82149010 Máquinas o aparatos de esquilar. 10% A
82149091 Peinillas con navaja para cortar el cabello. 10% A
82149099 Los demás. 10% A
Surtidos que contengan por lo menos un objeto plateado, dorado o
82151000 platinado. 10% A
82152000 Los demás surtidos 10% A
82159100 Plateados, dorados o platinados. 10% A
82159900 Los demás. 10% A
83011000 Candados LIBRE I
83012000 Cerraduras del tipo de las utilizadas en vehículos automóviles 10% A
83013000 Cerraduras del tipo de las utilizadas en muebles LIBRE I
83014000 Las demás cerraduras; cerrojos LIBRE I
83015000 Cierres y monturas cierre, con cerradura incorporada LIBRE I
83016000 Partes LIBRE I
83017000 Llaves presentadas aisladamente 10% A
83021000 Bisagras de cualquier clase (incluidos los pernios y demás goznes) LIBRE I
83022000 Ruedas. LIBRE I
84041000 Aparatos auxiliares para las calderas de las partidas 84.02 u 84.03 3% A
84042000 Condensadores para máquinas de vapor. 3% A
84049000 Partes 3% A
Gasógenos para aparatos autopropulsados o vehículos
84051010 automóviles 10% A
84051090 Los demás 3% A
Para gasógenos de aparatos autopropulsados o vehículos
84059010 automóviles 10% A
84059090 Los demás 3% A
84061000 Turbinas para la propulsión de barcos 15% C
84068100 De potencia superior a 40 MW. 3% A
84068200 De potencia inferior o igual a 40 MW. 3% A
84069000 Partes. 10% A
84071000 Motores de aviación 15% A
84072110 De potencia igual inferior a 40 caballos de fuerza. LIBRE I
84072190 Las demás LIBRE I
84072910 De potencia igual o inferior a 35 caballos de fuerza LIBRE I
84072990 Los demás LIBRE I
84073100 De cilindrada inferior o igual a 50 cm3 10% A
84073200 De cilindrada superior a 50 cm3 pero inferior o igual a 250 cm3 10% A
84073300 De cilindrada superior a 250 cm3 pero inferior o igual a 1000 cm3 10% A
84073400 De cilindrada superior a 1,000. cm3 5% A
84079000 Los demás motores. 10% A
84249010 Para los aparatos del tipo utilizado en la actividad agropecuaria LIBRE I
84249020 Para extintores 10% A
84249091 Cabezas y monturas, de pulverizadores 3% A
84249099 Las demás. 15% A
84251110 Pescantes de marina 5% A
84251190 Los demás 3% A
84251910 Pescantes de marina 5% A
84251990 Los demás 3% A
Tornos para el ascenso y descenso de jaulas o montacargas en
pozos de minas; tornos especialmente concebidos para el interior
84252000 de minas 10% A
84253110 Tornos y cabrestantes de marina 5% A
84253190 Los demás 3% A
84253910 Tornos y cabrestantes de marina. 5% A
84253990 Los demás 3% A
Elevadores fijos para vehículos automóviles, de los tipos utilizados
84254100 en talleres 10% A
84254200 Los demás gatos hidráulicos 3% A
84254900 Los demás. 3% A
84261100 Puentes (incluidas las vigas) rodantes, sobre soporte fijo 3% A
84261200 Pórticos móviles sobre neumáticos y carretillas puente 3% A
84261900 Los demás 3% A
84262000 Grúas de torre 10% A
84263000 Grúas de pórtico 5% A
84264100 Sobre neumáticos. 10% A
84264900 Los demás. 10% A
84269100 Concebidos para montarlos sobre vehículo de carretera. 10% A
84269900 Los demás 10% A
84271000 Carretillas autopropulsadas con motor eléctrico 3% A
84272000 Las demás carretillas autopropulsadas. 3% A
84279000 Las demás carretillas 10% A
84281000 Ascensores y montacargas 3% A
84282000 Aparatos elevadores o transportadores, neumáticos 3% A
Especialmente concebidos para el interior de minas u otros
84283100 trabajos subterráneos 10% A
84283200 Los demás, de cangilones 3% A
84283300 Los demás, de banda o correa 3% A
84283900 Los demás 3% A
84284000 Escaleras mecánicas y pasillos móviles. 10% A
Empujadores de vagonetas de minas, carros transbordadores,
basculadores y volteadores, de vagones, de vagonetas, etc. e
instalaciones similares para la manipulación de material móvil
84285000 sobre carriles (rieles). 10% A
Teleféricos (incluidos los telesillas y los telesquís); mecanismos de
84286000 tracción para funiculares 10% A
84289000 Las demás máquinas y aparatos 3% A
84291100 De orugas 3% A
84291900 Las demás 10% A
84292000 Niveladoras 5% A
84293000 Traíllas ("scrapers"). 10% A
84294000 Compactadoras y apisonadoras (aplanadoras). 10% A
84295100 Cargadoras y palas cargadoras de carga frontal 3% A
84334000 Prensas para paja o forraje, incluidas las prensas recogedoras. LIBRE I
84335100 Cosechadoras-trilladoras. LIBRE I
84335200 Las demás máquinas y aparatos para trillar. LIBRE I
84335300 Máquinas de cosechar raíces o tubérculos LIBRE I
84335900 Los demás LIBRE I
Máquinas para limpieza o clasificación de huevos, frutos o demás
84336000 productos agrícolas LIBRE I
84339010 Para máquinas cortadoras de césped. 10% A
84339090 Los demás LIBRE I
84341000 Máquinas de ordeñar LIBRE I
84342000 Máquinas y aparatos para la industria lechera LIBRE I
84349000 Partes LIBRE I
84351010 Extractores de jugos de fruta 3% A
84351021 Para manzanas, pera o uvas. LIBRE I
84351029 Los demás. 3% A
84351090 Los demás LIBRE I
84359010 Para extractores de jugos de frutas 3% A
84359020 Para prensas de frutas (excepto pera, manzanas o uvas) 3% A
84359090 Los demás LIBRE I
Máquinas y aparatos para preparar alimentos o piensos para
84361000 animales LIBRE I
84362110 Incubadoras 3% A
84362120 Criadoras 3% A
84362910 Desplumadoras de aves 3% A
84362920 Baterías automáticas de crianza o puesta 3% A
84362990 Los demás. LIBRE I
84368010 Máquinas y aparatos de apicultura 10% A
85016300 De potencia superior a 375 KVA pero inferior o igual a 750 KVA. 3% A
85016400 De potencia superior a 750 kVA 3% A
85021100 De potencia inferior o igual a 75 KVA 3% A
85021200 De potencia superior a 75 KVA pero inferior o igual 375 KVA. 3% A
85021300 De potencia superior a 375 KVA 3% A
Grupos electrógenos con motor de émbolo (pistón) de encendido
85022000 por chispa (motor de explosión). 10% A
85023100 De energía eólica. 10% A
85023900 Los demás. 10% A
85024000 Convertidores rotativos eléctricos. 3% A
PARTES IDENTIFICABLES COMO DESTINADAS, EXCLUSIVA O
PRINCIPALMENTE, A LAS MÁQUINAS DE LAS PARTIDAS 85.01
85030000 u 85.02 3% A
85042200 De potencia superior a 650 kVA pero inferior o igual a 10,000 KVA 3% A
85042300 De potencia superior a 10,000 KVA 3% A
85043100 De potencia inferior o igual a 1 KVA 3% A
85043200 De potencia superior a 1 kVA pero inferior o igual a 16 KVA 3% A
85043300 De potencia superior a 16 kVA pero inferior o igual a 500 KVA 3% A
85043400 De potencia superior a 500 kVA. 3% A
85249920 Los demás discos compacto, con soporte de sonido únicamente, 15% A
85249931 Programas de entretenimiento. 15% A
85249932 Los demás programas, excepto de carácter educativo 5% A
85249933 Programas de carácter educativo 5% A
85249939 Los demás. 3% A
85249991 De carácter educativo 15% A
85249999 Los demás 15% A
85251010 Para estaciones de radiodifusión LIBRE I
85251020 De televisión 15% A
85251030 Para radioaficionados. 10% A
85251090 Los demás. 5% A
85252010 Para estaciones de radiodifusión. LIBRE I
85252020 Para estaciones televisoras. 15% A
85252030 Para radioaficionados. 5% A
85252090 Los demás 5% A
85253000 Cámaras de televisión. 5% A
91031010 Relojes de mesa, incluso los relojes despertadores y los de viaje 10% A
91031090 Los demás 10% A
91039010 Relojes de mesa, incluso los relojes despertadores y los de viaje 10% A
91039090 Los demás 10% A
RELOJES DE TABLERO DE INSTRUMENTOS Y RELOJES
SIMILARES, PARA AUTOMÓVILES, AERONAVES, BARCOS O
91040000 DEMÁS VEHÍCULOS. 15% A
91051100 Eléctricos 10% A
91051900 Los demás 10% A
91052100 Eléctricos 10% A
91052900 Los demás 10% A
91059100 Eléctricos 10% A
91059900 Los demás. 10% A
Registradores de asistencia; registradores fechadores y
91061000 registradores contadores 15% C
91062000 Parquímetros 15% C
91069000 Los demás 3% A
INTERRUPTORES HORARIOS Y DEMÁS APARATOS QUE
PERMITAN ACCIONAR UN DISPOSITIVO EN UN MOMENTO
DADO, CON MECANISMO DE RELOJERÍA O MOTOR
91070000 SINCRÓNICO 15% C
Con indicador mecánico solamente o con dispositivo que permita
91081100 incorporarlo 15% C
91081200 Con indicador optoelectrónico solamente 15% C
91081900 Los demás 15% C
91082000 Automáticos 15% C
91089010 Que midan 33.8 mm o menos 15% C
91089090 Los demás 15% C
91091100 De despertadores 15% C
91091900 Los demás. 15% C
91099000 Los demás 15% C
Mecanismos completos, sin montar o parcialmente montados
91101100 (“chablons”). 15% C
91101200 Mecanismos incompletos, montados. 15% C
91101900 Mecanismos "en blanco" (“ébauches”). 15% C
91109000 Los demás 15% C
94012010 Asiento para llevar niños dentro del automóvil, de cualquier materia. 10% A
94012020 Los demás asientos con armazón de madera. 15% A
94012030 Los demás asientos con armazón de metal. 10% A
94012090 Los demás. 15% A
94013010 Con armazón de madera. 15% C
94013020 Con armazón de metal. 15% C
94013090 Los demás. 15% C
94014010 Con armazón de madera. 15% C
94014020 Con armazón de metal. 15% C
94014090 Los demás. 15% C
96082000 Rotuladores y marcadores con punta de fieltro u otra punta porosa. 10% A
96083100 Para dibujar con tinta china. 10% A
96083900 Las demás. 10% A
96084000 Portaminas. 10% A
96100010 Tableros o pizarras para niños, incluso combinados con un ábaco. 10% A
96100090 Los demás. 15% A
Footnote 1 El programa de desgravación sólo será aplicado a los paquetes de sal con un peso de 5 libras o menos.
H. R. ll
112TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
Ml. llllll (by request) introduced the following bill; which was
referred to the Committee on llllllllllllll
A BILL
To implement the United States–Panama Trade Promotion
Agreement.
2
Sec. 101. Approval and entry into force of the Agreement.
Sec. 102. Relationship of the Agreement to United States and State law.
Sec. 103. Implementing actions in anticipation of entry into force and initial
regulations.
Sec. 104. Consultation and layover provisions for, and effective date of, pro-
claimed actions.
Sec. 105. Administration of dispute settlement proceedings.
Sec. 106. Arbitration of claims.
Sec. 107. Effective dates; effect of termination.
TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS
TITLE V—OFFSETS
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
3
Sec. 501. Extension of customs user fees.
Sec. 502. Time for payment of corporate estimated taxes.
1 SEC. 2. PURPOSES.
19 In this Act:
20 (1) AGREEMENT.—The term ‘‘Agreement’’
21 means the United States–Panama Trade Promotion
22 Agreement approved by Congress under section
23 101(a)(1).
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
4
1 (2) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’
2 means the United States International Trade Com-
3 mission.
4 (3) HTS.—The term ‘‘HTS’’ means the Har-
5 monized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
6 (4) TEXTILE OR APPAREL GOOD.—The term
7 ‘‘textile or apparel good’’ means a good listed in the
8 Annex to the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
9 referred to in section 101(d)(4) of the Uruguay
10 Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(4)),
11 other than a good listed in Annex 3.30 of the Agree-
12 ment.
13 TITLE I—APPROVAL OF, AND
14 GENERAL PROVISIONS RE-
15 LATING TO, THE AGREEMENT
16 SEC. 101. APPROVAL AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE
17 AGREEMENT.
5
1 with the Government of Panama and submitted to
2 Congress on øllllll, 2011¿; and
3 (2) the statement of administrative action pro-
4 posed to implement the Agreement that was sub-
5 mitted to Congress on øllllll, 2011¿.
6 (b) CONDITIONS FOR ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE
6
1 (A) to amend or modify any law of the
2 United States, or
3 (B) to limit any authority conferred under
4 any law of the United States,
5 unless specifically provided for in this Act.
6 (b) RELATIONSHIP OF AGREEMENT TO STATE
7 LAW.—
8 (1) LEGAL CHALLENGE.—No State law, or the
9 application thereof, may be declared invalid as to
10 any person or circumstance on the ground that the
11 provision or application is inconsistent with the
12 Agreement, except in an action brought by the
13 United States for the purpose of declaring such law
14 or application invalid.
15 (2) DEFINITION OF STATE LAW.—For purposes
16 of this subsection, the term ‘‘State law’’ includes—
17 (A) any law of a political subdivision of a
18 State; and
19 (B) any State law regulating or taxing the
20 business of insurance.
21 (c) EFFECT OF AGREEMENT WITH RESPECT TO PRI-
22 VATE REMEDIES.—No person other than the United
23 States—
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
7
1 (1) shall have any cause of action or defense
2 under the Agreement or by virtue of congressional
3 approval thereof; or
4 (2) may challenge, in any action brought under
5 any provision of law, any action or inaction by any
6 department, agency, or other instrumentality of the
7 United States, any State, or any political subdivision
8 of a State, on the ground that such action or inac-
9 tion is inconsistent with the Agreement.
10 SEC. 103. IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS IN ANTICIPATION OF
12 TIONS.
8
1 have an effective date earlier than the date on which
2 the Agreement enters into force.
3 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE OF CERTAIN PROCLAIMED
9
1 initial regulations to carry out that action shall, to the
2 maximum extent feasible, be issued within 1 year after
3 such effective date.
4 SEC. 104. CONSULTATION AND LAYOVER PROVISIONS FOR,
6 TIONS.
10
1 (3) a period of 60 calendar days, beginning on
2 the first day on which the requirements set forth in
3 paragraphs (1) and (2) have been met, has expired;
4 and
5 (4) the President has consulted with the com-
6 mittees referred to in paragraph (2) regarding the
7 proposed action during the period referred to in
8 paragraph (3).
9 SEC. 105. ADMINISTRATION OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRO-
10 CEEDINGS.
11
1 SEC. 106. ARBITRATION OF CLAIMS.
12
1 made by this Act (other than the amendments made by
2 title V) shall cease to have effect.
3 TITLE II—CUSTOMS PROVISIONS
4 SEC. 201. TARIFF MODIFICATIONS.
6 AGREEMENT.—
7 (1) PROCLAMATION AUTHORITY.—The Presi-
8 dent may proclaim—
9 (A) such modifications or continuation of
10 any duty,
11 (B) such continuation of duty-free or ex-
12 cise treatment, or
13 (C) such additional duties,
14 as the President determines to be necessary or ap-
15 propriate to carry out or apply articles 3.3, 3.5, 3.6,
16 3.26, 3.27, 3.28, and 3.29, and Annex 3.3, of the
17 Agreement.
18 (2) EFFECT ON GSP STATUS.—Notwithstanding
13
1 (A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding sec-
2 tion 212(a) of the Caribbean Basin Economic
3 Recovery Act (19 U.S.C. 2702(a)), the Presi-
4 dent shall, on the date on which the Agreement
5 enters into force, terminate the designation of
6 Panama as a beneficiary country for purposes
7 of that Act.
8 (B) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding sub-
9 paragraph (A), Panama shall be considered a
10 beneficiary country under section 212(a) of the
11 Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, for
12 purposes of—
13 (i) sections 771(7)(G)(ii)(III) and
14 771(7)(H) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
15 U.S.C. 1677(7)(G)(ii)(III) and
16 1677(7)(H));
17 (ii) the duty-free treatment provided
18 under paragraph 4 of the General Notes to
19 the Schedule of the United States to
20 Annex 3.3 of the Agreement; and
21 (iii) section 274(h)(6)(B) of the Inter-
22 nal Revenue Code of 1986.
23 (b) OTHER TARIFF MODIFICATIONS.—Subject to the
24 consultation and layover provisions of section 104, the
25 President may proclaim—
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
14
1 (1) such modifications or continuation of any
2 duty,
3 (2) such modifications as the United States
4 may agree to with Panama regarding the staging of
5 any duty treatment set forth in Annex 3.3 of the
6 Agreement,
7 (3) such continuation of duty-free or excise
8 treatment, or
9 (4) such additional duties,
10 as the President determines to be necessary or appropriate
11 to maintain the general level of reciprocal and mutually
12 advantageous concessions with respect to Panama pro-
13 vided for by the Agreement.
14 (c) CONVERSION TO AD VALOREM RATES.—For pur-
15 poses of subsections (a) and (b), with respect to any good
16 for which the base rate in the Schedule of the United
17 States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement is a specific or com-
18 pound rate of duty, the President may substitute for the
19 base rate an ad valorem rate that the President deter-
20 mines to be equivalent to the base rate.
21 (d) TARIFF RATE QUOTAS.—In implementing the
22 tariff rate quotas set forth in Appendix I to the General
23 Notes to the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3
24 of the Agreement, the President shall take such action as
25 may be necessary to ensure that imports of agricultural
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
15
1 goods do not disrupt the orderly marketing of commodities
2 in the United States.
3 SEC. 202. ADDITIONAL DUTIES ON CERTAIN AGRICUL-
4 TURAL GOODS.
16
1 (B) that qualifies as an originating good
2 under section 203; and
3 (C) for which a claim for preferential tariff
4 treatment under the Agreement has been made.
5 (3) SCHEDULE RATE OF DUTY.—The term
6 ‘‘schedule rate of duty’’ means, with respect to a
7 safeguard good, the rate of duty for that good that
8 is set forth in the Schedule of the United States to
9 Annex 3.3 of the Agreement.
10 (4) TRIGGER LEVEL.—
17
1 provided for that safeguard good in the
2 corresponding calendar year in the applica-
3 ble table contained in Appendix I to the
4 General Notes to the Schedule of the
5 United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agree-
6 ment.
7 (B) RELATIONSHIP TO TABLE.—For pur-
8 poses of subparagraph (A)(ii), year 1 in the ap-
9 plicable table contained in Appendix I to the
10 General Notes to the Schedule of the United
11 States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement cor-
12 responds to year 1 of the Agreement.
13 (5) YEAR 1 OF THE AGREEMENT.—The term
14 ‘‘year 1 of the Agreement’’ means the period begin-
15 ning on the date, in a calendar year, on which the
16 Agreement enters into force and ending on Decem-
17 ber 31 of that calendar year.
18 (6) YEARS OTHER THAN YEAR 1 OF THE
18
1 the Secretary of the Treasury shall assess a duty, in
2 the amount determined under paragraph (2), on a
3 safeguard good imported into the United States in
4 a calendar year if the Secretary determines that,
5 prior to such importation, the total volume of that
6 safeguard good that is imported into the United
7 States in that calendar year exceeds the trigger level
8 for that good for that calendar year.
9 (2) CALCULATION OF ADDITIONAL DUTY.—The
19
1 (B) in the case of a good classified under
2 subheading 0406.10.08, 0406.10.88,
3 0406.20.91, 0406.30.91, 0406.90.97, or
4 2105.00.20 of the HTS—
5 (i) in year 1 of the Agreement
6 through year 11 of the Agreement, an
7 amount equal to 100 percent of the excess
8 of the applicable NTR (MFN) rate of duty
9 over the schedule rate of duty; and
10 (ii) in year 12 of the Agreement
11 through year 14 of the Agreement, an
12 amount equal to 50 percent of the excess
13 of the applicable NTR (MFN) rate of duty
14 over the schedule rate of duty; and
15 (C) in the case of any other safeguard
16 good—
17 (i) in year 1 of the Agreement
18 through year 13 of the Agreement, an
19 amount equal to 100 percent of the excess
20 of the applicable NTR (MFN) rate of duty
21 over the schedule rate of duty; and
22 (ii) in year 14 of the Agreement
23 through year 16 of the Agreement, an
24 amount equal to 50 percent of the excess
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
20
1 of the applicable NTR (MFN) rate of duty
2 over the schedule rate of duty.
3 (3) NOTICE.—Not later than 60 days after the
4 date on which the Secretary of the Treasury first as-
5 sesses an additional duty in a calendar year on a
6 good under this subsection, the Secretary shall no-
7 tify the Government of Panama in writing of such
8 action and shall provide to that Government data
9 supporting the assessment of the additional duty.
10 (c) EXCEPTIONS.—No additional duty shall be as-
11 sessed on a good under subsection (b) if, at the time of
12 entry, the good is subject to import relief under—
13 (1) subtitle A of title III of this Act; or
14 (2) chapter 1 of title II of the Trade Act of
15 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.).
16 (d) TERMINATION.—The assessment of an additional
17 duty on a good under subsection (b) shall cease to apply
18 to that good on the date on which duty-free treatment
19 must be provided to that good under the Schedule of the
20 United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement.
21 SEC. 203. RULES OF ORIGIN.
21
1 (2) REFERENCE TO HTS.—Whenever in this
2 section there is a reference to a chapter, heading, or
3 subheading, such reference shall be a reference to a
4 chapter, heading, or subheading of the HTS.
5 (3) COST OR VALUE.—Any cost or value re-
6 ferred to in this section shall be recorded and main-
7 tained in accordance with the generally accepted ac-
8 counting principles applicable in the territory of the
9 country in which the good is produced (whether
10 Panama or the United States).
11 (b) ORIGINATING GOODS.—For purposes of this Act
12 and for purposes of implementing the preferential tariff
13 treatment provided for under the Agreement, except as
14 otherwise provided in this section, a good is an originating
15 good if—
16 (1) the good is a good wholly obtained or pro-
17 duced entirely in the territory of Panama, the
18 United States, or both;
19 (2) the good—
20 (A) is produced entirely in the territory of
21 Panama, the United States, or both, and—
22 (i) each of the nonoriginating mate-
23 rials used in the production of the good
24 undergoes an applicable change in tariff
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
22
1 classification specified in Annex 4.1 of the
2 Agreement; or
3 (ii) the good otherwise satisfies any
4 applicable regional value-content or other
5 requirements specified in Annex 4.1 of the
6 Agreement; and
7 (B) satisfies all other applicable require-
8 ments of this section; or
9 (3) the good is produced entirely in the terri-
10 tory of Panama, the United States, or both, exclu-
11 sively from materials described in paragraph (1) or
12 (2).
13 (c) REGIONAL VALUE-CONTENT.—
14 (1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of subsection
15 (b)(2), the regional value-content of a good referred
16 to in Annex 4.1 of the Agreement, except for goods
17 to which paragraph (4) applies, shall be calculated
18 by the importer, exporter, or producer of the good,
19 on the basis of the build-down method described in
20 paragraph (2) or the build-up method described in
21 paragraph (3).
22 (2) BUILD-DOWN METHOD.—
23
RVC = ————— × 100
AV
24
1 (iii) VOM.—The term ‘‘VOM’’ means
2 the value of originating materials that are
3 acquired or self-produced, and used by the
4 producer in the production of the good.
5 (4) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN AUTOMOTIVE
6 GOODS.—
25
1 (iii) NC.—The term ‘‘NC’’ means the
2 net cost of the automotive good.
3 (iv) VNM.—The term ‘‘VNM’’ means
4 the value of nonoriginating materials that
5 are acquired and used by the producer in
6 the production of the automotive good, but
7 does not include the value of a material
8 that is self-produced.
9 (C) MOTOR VEHICLES.—
26
1 exported to the territory of Panama
2 or the United States.
3 (ii) CATEGORIES.—A category is de-
4 scribed in this clause if it—
5 (I) is the same model line of
6 motor vehicles, is in the same class of
7 motor vehicles, and is produced in the
8 same plant in the territory of Panama
9 or the United States, as the good de-
10 scribed in clause (i) for which regional
11 value-content is being calculated;
12 (II) is the same class of motor
13 vehicles, and is produced in the same
14 plant in the territory of Panama or
15 the United States, as the good de-
16 scribed in clause (i) for which regional
17 value-content is being calculated; or
18 (III) is the same model line of
19 motor vehicles produced in the terri-
20 tory of Panama or the United States
21 as the good described in clause (i) for
22 which regional value-content is being
23 calculated.
24 (D) OTHER AUTOMOTIVE GOODS.—For
27
1 tent under subparagraph (A) for automotive
2 materials provided for in any of subheadings
3 8407.31 through 8407.34, in subheading
4 8408.20, or in heading 8409, 8706, 8707, or
5 8708, that are produced in the same plant, an
6 importer, exporter, or producer may—
7 (i) average the amounts calculated
8 under the net cost formula contained in
9 subparagraph (A) over—
10 (I) the fiscal year of the motor
11 vehicle producer to whom the auto-
12 motive goods are sold,
13 (II) any quarter or month, or
14 (III) the fiscal year of the pro-
15 ducer of such goods,
16 if the goods were produced during the fis-
17 cal year, quarter, or month that is the
18 basis for the calculation;
19 (ii) determine the average referred to
20 in clause (i) separately for such goods sold
21 to 1 or more motor vehicle producers; or
22 (iii) make a separate determination
23 under clause (i) or (ii) for such goods that
24 are exported to the territory of Panama or
25 the United States.
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
28
1 (E) CALCULATING NET COST.—The im-
2 porter, exporter, or producer of an automotive
3 good shall, consistent with the provisions re-
4 garding allocation of costs provided for in gen-
5 erally accepted accounting principles, determine
6 the net cost of the automotive good under sub-
7 paragraph (B) by—
8 (i) calculating the total cost incurred
9 with respect to all goods produced by the
10 producer of the automotive good, sub-
11 tracting any sales promotion, marketing,
12 and after-sales service costs, royalties,
13 shipping and packing costs, and nonallow-
14 able interest costs that are included in the
15 total cost of all such goods, and then rea-
16 sonably allocating the resulting net cost of
17 those goods to the automotive good;
18 (ii) calculating the total cost incurred
19 with respect to all goods produced by that
20 producer, reasonably allocating the total
21 cost to the automotive good, and then sub-
22 tracting any sales promotion, marketing,
23 and after-sales service costs, royalties,
24 shipping and packing costs, and nonallow-
25 able interest costs that are included in the
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
29
1 portion of the total cost allocated to the
2 automotive good; or
3 (iii) reasonably allocating each cost
4 that forms part of the total cost incurred
5 with respect to the automotive good so that
6 the aggregate of these costs does not in-
7 clude any sales promotion, marketing, and
8 after-sales service costs, royalties, shipping
9 and packing costs, or nonallowable interest
10 costs.
11 (d) VALUE OF MATERIALS.—
12 (1) IN GENERAL.—For the purpose of calcu-
13 lating the regional value-content of a good under
14 subsection (c), and for purposes of applying the de
15 minimis rules under subsection (f), the value of a
16 material is—
17 (A) in the case of a material that is im-
18 ported by the producer of the good, the ad-
19 justed value of the material;
20 (B) in the case of a material acquired in
21 the territory in which the good is produced, the
22 value, determined in accordance with Articles 1
23 through 8, Article 15, and the corresponding in-
24 terpretive notes, of the Agreement on Imple-
25 mentation of Article VII of the General Agree-
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
30
1 ment on Tariffs and Trade 1994 referred to in
2 section 101(d)(8) of the Uruguay Round Agree-
3 ments Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(8)), as set forth
4 in regulations promulgated by the Secretary of
5 the Treasury providing for the application of
6 such Articles in the absence of an importation
7 by the producer; or
8 (C) in the case of a material that is self-
9 produced, the sum of—
10 (i) all expenses incurred in the pro-
11 duction of the material, including general
12 expenses; and
13 (ii) an amount for profit equivalent to
14 the profit added in the normal course of
15 trade.
16 (2) FURTHER ADJUSTMENTS TO THE VALUE OF
17 MATERIALS.—
31
1 tween the territory of Panama, the United
2 States, or both, to the location of the pro-
3 ducer.
4 (ii) Duties, taxes, and customs broker-
5 age fees on the material paid in the terri-
6 tory of Panama, the United States, or
7 both, other than duties or taxes that are
8 waived, refunded, refundable, or otherwise
9 recoverable, including credit against duty
10 or tax paid or payable.
11 (iii) The cost of waste and spoilage re-
12 sulting from the use of the material in the
13 production of the good, less the value of
14 renewable scrap or byproducts.
15 (B) NONORIGINATING MATERIAL.—The
32
1 (ii) Duties, taxes, and customs broker-
2 age fees on the material paid in the terri-
3 tory of Panama, the United States, or
4 both, other than duties or taxes that are
5 waived, refunded, refundable, or otherwise
6 recoverable, including credit against duty
7 or tax paid or payable.
8 (iii) The cost of waste and spoilage re-
9 sulting from the use of the material in the
10 production of the good, less the value of
11 renewable scrap or byproducts.
12 (iv) The cost of originating materials
13 used in the production of the nonorigi-
14 nating material in the territory of Panama,
15 the United States, or both.
16 (e) ACCUMULATION.—
17 (1) ORIGINATING MATERIALS USED IN PRODUC-
33
1 States, or both, by 1 or more producers, is an origi-
2 nating good if the good satisfies the requirements of
3 subsection (b) and all other applicable requirements
4 of this section.
5 (f) DE MINIMIS AMOUNTS OF NONORIGINATING MA-
6 TERIALS.—
34
1 (2) EXCEPTIONS.—Paragraph (1) does not
2 apply to the following:
3 (A) A nonoriginating material provided for
4 in chapter 4, or a nonoriginating dairy prepara-
5 tion containing over 10 percent by weight of
6 milk solids provided for in subheading 1901.90
7 or 2106.90, that is used in the production of a
8 good provided for in chapter 4.
9 (B) A nonoriginating material provided for
10 in chapter 4, or a nonoriginating dairy prepara-
11 tion containing over 10 percent by weight of
12 milk solids provided for in subheading 1901.90,
13 that is used in the production of the following
14 goods:
15 (i) Infant preparations containing
16 over 10 percent by weight of milk solids
17 provided for in subheading 1901.10.
18 (ii) Mixes and doughs, containing over
19 25 percent by weight of butterfat, not put
20 up for retail sale, provided for in sub-
21 heading 1901.20.
22 (iii) Dairy preparations containing
23 over 10 percent by weight of milk solids
24 provided for in subheading 1901.90 or
25 2106.90.
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
35
1 (iv) Goods provided for in heading
2 2105.
3 (v) Beverages containing milk pro-
4 vided for in subheading 2202.90.
5 (vi) Animal feeds containing over 10
6 percent by weight of milk solids provided
7 for in subheading 2309.90.
8 (C) A nonoriginating material provided for
9 in heading 0805, or any of subheadings
10 2009.11 through 2009.39, that is used in the
11 production of a good provided for in any of sub-
12 headings 2009.11 through 2009.39, or in fruit
13 or vegetable juice of any single fruit or vege-
14 table, fortified with minerals or vitamins, con-
15 centrated or unconcentrated, provided for in
16 subheading 2106.90 or 2202.90.
17 (D) A nonoriginating material provided for
18 in heading 0901 or 2101 that is used in the
19 production of a good provided for in heading
20 0901 or 2101.
21 (E) A nonoriginating material provided for
22 in heading 1006 that is used in the production
23 of a good provided for in heading 1102 or 1103
24 or subheading 1904.90.
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36
1 (F) A nonoriginating material provided for
2 in chapter 15 that is used in the production of
3 a good provided for in chapter 15.
4 (G) A nonoriginating material provided for
5 in heading 1701 that is used in the production
6 of a good provided for in any of headings 1701
7 through 1703.
8 (H) A nonoriginating material provided for
9 in chapter 17 that is used in the production of
10 a good provided for in subheading 1806.10.
11 (I) Except as provided in subparagraphs
12 (A) through (H) and Annex 4.1 of the Agree-
13 ment, a nonoriginating material used in the
14 production of a good provided for in any of
15 chapters 1 through 24, unless the nonorigi-
16 nating material is provided for in a different
17 subheading than the good for which origin is
18 being determined under this section.
19 (3) TEXTILE OR APPAREL GOODS.—
37
1 applicable change in tariff classification, set
2 forth in Annex 4.1 of the Agreement, shall be
3 considered to be an originating good if—
4 (i) the total weight of all such fibers
5 or yarns in that component is not more
6 than 10 percent of the total weight of that
7 component; or
8 (ii) the yarns are those described in
9 section 204(b)(3)(B)(vi)(IV) of the Andean
10 Trade Preference Act (19 U.S.C.
11 3203(b)(3)(B)(vi)(IV)) (as in effect on
12 February 12, 2011).
13 (B) CERTAIN TEXTILE OR APPAREL
38
1 classification of the good’’ means all of the fi-
2 bers in the good.
3 (g) FUNGIBLE GOODS AND MATERIALS.—
4 (1) IN GENERAL.—
39
1 (II) otherwise accepted by that
2 country.
3 (2) ELECTION OF INVENTORY METHOD.—A
40
1 cessories, spare parts, or tools are specified or
2 are separately identified in the invoice for the
3 good; and
4 (B) the quantities and value of the acces-
5 sories, spare parts, or tools are customary for
6 the good.
7 (3) REGIONAL VALUE-CONTENT.—If the good is
8 subject to a regional value-content requirement, the
9 value of the accessories, spare parts, or tools shall
10 be taken into account as originating or nonorigi-
11 nating materials, as the case may be, in calculating
12 the regional value-content of the good.
13 (i) PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS FOR
41
1 (j) PACKING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS FOR
42
1 pretation 3 of the HTS shall not be considered to be origi-
2 nating goods unless—
3 (1) each of the goods in the set is an origi-
4 nating good; or
5 (2) the total value of the nonoriginating goods
6 in the set does not exceed—
7 (A) in the case of textile or apparel goods,
8 10 percent of the adjusted value of the set; or
9 (B) in the case of goods, other than textile
10 or apparel goods, 15 percent of the adjusted
11 value of the set.
12 (n) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
13 (1) ADJUSTED VALUE.—The term ‘‘adjusted
14 value’’ means the value determined in accordance
15 with Articles 1 through 8, Article 15, and the cor-
16 responding interpretive notes, of the Agreement on
17 Implementation of Article VII of the General Agree-
18 ment on Tariffs and Trade 1994 referred to in sec-
19 tion 101(d)(8) of the Uruguay Round Agreements
20 Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(8)), adjusted, if necessary,
21 to exclude any costs, charges, or expenses incurred
22 for transportation, insurance, and related services
23 incident to the international shipment of the mer-
24 chandise from the country of exportation to the
25 place of importation.
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43
1 (2) CLASS OF MOTOR VEHICLES.—The term
2 ‘‘class of motor vehicles’’ means any one of the fol-
3 lowing categories of motor vehicles:
4 (A) Motor vehicles provided for in sub-
5 heading 8701.20, 8704.10, 8704.22, 8704.23,
6 8704.32, or 8704.90, or heading 8705 or 8706,
7 or motor vehicles for the transport of 16 or
8 more persons provided for in subheading
9 8702.10 or 8702.90.
10 (B) Motor vehicles provided for in sub-
11 heading 8701.10 or any of subheadings
12 8701.30 through 8701.90.
13 (C) Motor vehicles for the transport of 15
14 or fewer persons provided for in subheading
15 8702.10 or 8702.90, or motor vehicles provided
16 for in subheading 8704.21 or 8704.31.
17 (D) Motor vehicles provided for in any of
18 subheadings 8703.21 through 8703.90.
19 (3) FUNGIBLE GOOD OR FUNGIBLE MATE-
44
1 (4) GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRIN-
45
1 (C) Goods obtained in the territory of Pan-
2 ama, the United States, or both from live ani-
3 mals.
4 (D) Goods obtained from hunting, trap-
5 ping, fishing, or aquaculture conducted in the
6 territory of Panama, the United States, or
7 both.
8 (E) Minerals and other natural resources
9 not included in subparagraphs (A) through (D)
10 that are extracted or taken from the territory
11 of Panama, the United States, or both.
12 (F) Fish, shellfish, and other marine life
13 taken from the sea, seabed, or subsoil outside
14 the territory of Panama or the United States
15 by—
16 (i) a vessel that is registered or re-
17 corded with Panama and flying the flag of
18 Panama; or
19 (ii) a vessel that is documented under
20 the laws of the United States.
21 (G) Goods produced on board a factory
22 ship from goods referred to in subparagraph
23 (F), if such factory ship—
24 (i) is registered or recorded with Pan-
25 ama and flies the flag of Panama; or
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46
1 (ii) is a vessel that is documented
2 under the laws of the United States.
3 (H)(i) Goods taken by Panama or a person
4 of Panama from the seabed or subsoil outside
5 the territorial waters of Panama, if Panama
6 has rights to exploit such seabed or subsoil.
7 (ii) Goods taken by the United States or a
8 person of the United States from the seabed or
9 subsoil outside the territorial waters of the
10 United States, if the United States has rights
11 to exploit such seabed or subsoil.
12 (I) Goods taken from outer space, if the
13 goods are obtained by Panama or the United
14 States or a person of Panama or the United
15 States and not processed in the territory of a
16 country other than Panama or the United
17 States.
18 (J) Waste and scrap derived from—
19 (i) manufacturing or processing oper-
20 ations in the territory of Panama, the
21 United States, or both; or
22 (ii) used goods collected in the terri-
23 tory of Panama, the United States, or
24 both, if such goods are fit only for the re-
25 covery of raw materials.
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47
1 (K) Recovered goods derived in the terri-
2 tory of Panama, the United States, or both
3 from used goods, and used in the territory of
4 Panama, the United States, or both, in the pro-
5 duction of remanufactured goods.
6 (L) Goods, at any stage of production, pro-
7 duced in the territory of Panama, the United
8 States, or both, exclusively from—
9 (i) goods referred to in any of sub-
10 paragraphs (A) through (J), or
11 (ii) the derivatives of goods referred
12 to in clause (i).
13 (6) IDENTICAL GOODS.—The term ‘‘identical
14 goods’’ means goods that are the same in all re-
15 spects relevant to the rule of origin that qualifies the
16 goods as originating goods.
17 (7) INDIRECT MATERIAL.—The term ‘‘indirect
18 material’’ means a good used in the production, test-
19 ing, or inspection of another good but not physically
20 incorporated into that other good, or a good used in
21 the maintenance of buildings or the operation of
22 equipment associated with the production of another
23 good, including—
24 (A) fuel and energy;
25 (B) tools, dies, and molds;
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
48
1 (C) spare parts and materials used in the
2 maintenance of equipment or buildings;
3 (D) lubricants, greases, compounding ma-
4 terials, and other materials used in production
5 or used to operate equipment or buildings;
6 (E) gloves, glasses, footwear, clothing,
7 safety equipment, and supplies;
8 (F) equipment, devices, and supplies used
9 for testing or inspecting the good;
10 (G) catalysts and solvents; and
11 (H) any other good that is not incor-
12 porated into the other good but the use of
13 which in the production of the other good can
14 reasonably be demonstrated to be a part of that
15 production.
16 (8) MATERIAL.—The term ‘‘material’’ means a
17 good that is used in the production of another good,
18 including a part or an ingredient.
19 (9) MATERIAL THAT IS SELF-PRODUCED.—The
49
1 of motor vehicles having the same platform or model
2 name.
3 (11) NET COST.—The term ‘‘net cost’’ means
4 total cost minus sales promotion, marketing, and
5 after-sales service costs, royalties, shipping and
6 packing costs, and nonallowable interest costs that
7 are included in the total cost.
8 (12) NONALLOWABLE INTEREST COSTS.—The
50
1 (15) PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT.—
51
1 (20) REMANUFACTURED GOOD.—The term ‘‘re-
2 manufactured good’’ means a good that is classified
3 under chapter 84, 85, 87, or 90, or heading 9402,
4 other than a good classified under heading 8418 or
5 8516, and that—
6 (A) is entirely or partially comprised of re-
7 covered goods; and
8 (B) has a similar life expectancy and en-
9 joys a factory warranty similar to such a good
10 that is new.
11 (21) TOTAL COST.—The term ‘‘total cost’’
12 means all product costs, period costs, and other
13 costs for a good incurred in the territory of Panama,
14 the United States, or both.
15 (22) USED.—The term ‘‘used’’ means utilized
16 or consumed in the production of goods.
17 (o) PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION AUTHORITY.—
18 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized
19 to proclaim, as part of the HTS—
20 (A) the provisions set forth in Annex 4.1
21 of the Agreement; and
22 (B) any additional subordinate category
23 that is necessary to carry out this title con-
24 sistent with the Agreement.
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52
1 (2) FABRICS, YARNS, OR FIBERS NOT AVAIL-
53
1 63 (as included in Annex 4.1 of the Agree-
2 ment).
3 (4) FABRICS, YARNS, OR FIBERS NOT AVAIL-
23 OR FIBERS.—
54
1 that a fabric, yarn, or fiber is not available
2 in commercial quantities in a timely man-
3 ner in Panama and the United States and
4 to add that fabric, yarn, or fiber to the list
5 in Annex 3.25 of the Agreement in a re-
6 stricted or unrestricted quantity.
7 (ii) DETERMINATIONS.—After receiv-
8 ing a request under clause (i), the Presi-
9 dent may determine whether—
10 (I) the fabric, yarn, or fiber is
11 available in commercial quantities in a
12 timely manner in Panama or the
13 United States; or
14 (II) any interested entity objects
15 to the request.
16 (iii) PROCLAMATION AUTHORITY.—
55
1 (I) the fabric, yarn, or fiber is
2 not available in commercial quantities
3 in a timely manner in Panama and
4 the United States; or
5 (II) no interested entity has ob-
6 jected to the request.
7 (iv) TIME PERIODS.—The time peri-
8 ods within which the President may issue
9 a proclamation under clause (iii) are—
10 (I) not later than 30 days after
11 the date on which a request is sub-
12 mitted under clause (i); or
13 (II) not later than 44 days after
14 the request is submitted, if the Presi-
15 dent determines, within 30 days after
16 the date on which the request is sub-
17 mitted, that the President does not
18 have sufficient information to make a
19 determination under clause (ii).
20 (v) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Notwith-
56
1 (vi) ELIMINATION OF RESTRICTION.—
57
1 made a determination under subparagraph
2 (C)(iv)(II).
3 (E) REQUESTS TO RESTRICT OR REMOVE
58
1 mitted, the President may proclaim an ac-
2 tion provided for under clause (i) if the
3 President determines that the fabric, yarn,
4 or fiber that is the subject of the request
5 is available in commercial quantities in a
6 timely manner in Panama or the United
7 States.
8 (iv) EFFECTIVE DATE.—A proclama-
9 tion issued under clause (iii) may not take
10 effect earlier than the date that is 6
11 months after the date on which the text of
12 the proclamation is published in the Fed-
13 eral Register.
14 (F) PROCEDURES.—The President shall
15 establish procedures—
16 (i) governing the submission of a re-
17 quest under subparagraphs (C) and (E);
18 and
19 (ii) providing an opportunity for inter-
20 ested entities to submit comments and sup-
21 porting evidence before the President
22 makes a determination under subpara-
23 graph (C) (ii) or (vi) or (E)(iii).
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59
1 SEC. 204. CUSTOMS USER FEES.
60
1 an incorrect claim that a good qualifies as an origi-
2 nating good under section 203 of the United States–
3 Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementa-
4 tion Act if the importer, in accordance with regula-
5 tions issued by the Secretary of the Treasury,
6 promptly and voluntarily makes a corrected declara-
7 tion and pays any duties owing with respect to that
8 good.’’; and
9 (2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
10 section:
11 ‘‘(l) FALSE CERTIFICATIONS OF ORIGIN UNDER THE
61
1 ‘‘(2) PROMPT AND VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE OF
62
1 MOTION AGREEMENT.—If U.S. Customs and Border Pro-
2 tection or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement of
3 the Department of Homeland Security finds indications
4 of a pattern of conduct by an importer, exporter, or pro-
5 ducer of false or unsupported representations that goods
6 qualify under the rules of origin provided for in section
7 203 of the United States–Panama Trade Promotion
8 Agreement Implementation Act, U.S. Customs and Border
9 Protection, in accordance with regulations issued by the
10 Secretary of the Treasury, may suspend preferential tariff
11 treatment under the United States–Panama Trade Pro-
12 motion Agreement to entries of identical goods covered by
13 subsequent representations by that importer, exporter, or
14 producer until U.S. Customs and Border Protection deter-
15 mines that representations of that person are in con-
16 formity with such section 203.’’.
17 SEC. 206. RELIQUIDATION OF ENTRIES.
63
1 SEC. 207. RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS.
64
1 ‘‘(B) PANAMA TPA CERTIFICATION OF ORI-
65
1 SEC. 208. ENFORCEMENT RELATING TO TRADE IN TEXTILE
2 OR APPAREL GOODS.
66
1 (1) suspension of preferential tariff treatment
2 under the Agreement with respect to—
3 (A) any textile or apparel good exported or
4 produced by the person that is the subject of a
5 verification under subsection (a)(1) regarding
6 compliance described in subsection (a)(2)(A), if
7 the Secretary of the Treasury determines that
8 there is insufficient information to support any
9 claim for preferential tariff treatment that has
10 been made with respect to any such good; or
11 (B) the textile or apparel good for which a
12 claim of preferential tariff treatment has been
13 made that is the subject of a verification under
14 subsection (a)(1) regarding a claim described in
15 subsection (a)(2)(B), if the Secretary deter-
16 mines that there is insufficient information to
17 support that claim;
18 (2) denial of preferential tariff treatment under
19 the Agreement with respect to—
20 (A) any textile or apparel good exported or
21 produced by the person that is the subject of a
22 verification under subsection (a)(1) regarding
23 compliance described in subsection (a)(2)(A), if
24 the Secretary determines that the person has
25 provided incorrect information to support any
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67
1 claim for preferential tariff treatment that has
2 been made with respect to any such good; or
3 (B) the textile or apparel good for which a
4 claim of preferential tariff treatment has been
5 made that is the subject of a verification under
6 subsection (a)(1) regarding a claim described in
7 subsection (a)(2)(B), if the Secretary deter-
8 mines that a person has provided incorrect in-
9 formation to support that claim;
10 (3) detention of any textile or apparel good ex-
11 ported or produced by the person that is the subject
12 of a verification under subsection (a)(1) regarding
13 compliance described in subsection (a)(2)(A) or a
14 claim described in subsection (a)(2)(B), if the Sec-
15 retary determines that there is insufficient informa-
16 tion to determine the country of origin of any such
17 good; and
18 (4) denial of entry into the United States of
19 any textile or apparel good exported or produced by
20 the person that is the subject of a verification under
21 subsection (a)(1) regarding compliance described in
22 subsection (a)(2)(A) or a claim described in sub-
23 section (a)(2)(B), if the Secretary determines that
24 the person has provided incorrect information as to
25 the country of origin of any such good.
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68
1 (c) ACTION ON COMPLETION OF A VERIFICATION.—
2 On completion of a verification under subsection (a), the
3 President may direct the Secretary of the Treasury to take
4 appropriate action described in subsection (d) until such
5 time as the Secretary receives information sufficient to
6 make the determination under subsection (a)(2) or until
7 such earlier date as the President may direct.
8 (d) APPROPRIATE ACTION DESCRIBED.—Appro-
9 priate action under subsection (c) includes—
10 (1) denial of preferential tariff treatment under
11 the Agreement with respect to—
12 (A) any textile or apparel good exported or
13 produced by the person that is the subject of a
14 verification under subsection (a)(1) regarding
15 compliance described in subsection (a)(2)(A), if
16 the Secretary of the Treasury determines that
17 there is insufficient information to support, or
18 that the person has provided incorrect informa-
19 tion to support, any claim for preferential tariff
20 treatment that has been made with respect to
21 any such good; or
22 (B) the textile or apparel good for which a
23 claim of preferential tariff treatment has been
24 made that is the subject of a verification under
25 subsection (a)(1) regarding a claim described in
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69
1 subsection (a)(2)(B), if the Secretary deter-
2 mines that there is insufficient information to
3 support, or that a person has provided incorrect
4 information to support, that claim; and
5 (2) denial of entry into the United States of
6 any textile or apparel good exported or produced by
7 the person that is the subject of a verification under
8 subsection (a)(1) regarding compliance described in
9 subsection (a)(2)(A) or a claim described in sub-
10 section (a)(2)(B), if the Secretary determines that
11 there is insufficient information to determine, or
12 that the person has provided incorrect information
13 as to, the country of origin of any such good.
14 (e) PUBLICATION OF NAME OF PERSON.—In accord-
15 ance with article 3.21.9 of the Agreement, the Secretary
16 of the Treasury may publish the name of any person that
17 the Secretary has determined—
18 (1) is engaged in intentional circumvention of
19 applicable laws, regulations, or procedures affecting
20 trade in textile or apparel goods; or
21 (2) has failed to demonstrate that it produces,
22 or is capable of producing, the textile or apparel
23 goods that are the subject of a verification under
24 subsection (a)(1).
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70
1 SEC. 209. REGULATIONS.
11 In this title:
12 (1) PANAMANIAN ARTICLE.—The term ‘‘Pan-
13 amanian article’’ means an article that qualifies as
14 an originating good under section 203(b).
15 (2) PANAMANIAN TEXTILE OR APPAREL ARTI-
71
1 group of workers, that is representative of an industry.
2 The Commission shall transmit a copy of any petition filed
3 under this subsection to the United States Trade Rep-
4 resentative.
5 (b) INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION.—Upon
6 the filing of a petition under subsection (a), the Commis-
7 sion, unless subsection (d) applies, shall promptly initiate
8 an investigation to determine whether, as a result of the
9 reduction or elimination of a duty provided for under the
10 Agreement, a Panamanian article is being imported into
11 the United States in such increased quantities, in absolute
12 terms or relative to domestic production, and under such
13 conditions that imports of the Panamanian article con-
14 stitute a substantial cause of serious injury or threat
15 thereof to the domestic industry producing an article that
16 is like, or directly competitive with, the imported article.
17 (c) APPLICABLE PROVISIONS.—The following provi-
18 sions of section 202 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C.
19 2252) apply with respect to any investigation initiated
20 under subsection (b):
21 (1) Paragraphs (1)(B) and (3) of subsection
22 (b).
23 (2) Subsection (c).
24 (3) Subsection (i).
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72
1 (d) ARTICLES EXEMPT FROM INVESTIGATION.—No
2 investigation may be initiated under this section with re-
3 spect to any Panamanian article if, after the date on which
4 the Agreement enters into force, import relief has been
5 provided with respect to that Panamanian article under
6 this subtitle.
7 SEC. 312. COMMISSION ACTION ON PETITION.
20 DETERMINATION AFFIRMATIVE.—
21 (1) IN GENERAL.—If the determination made
22 by the Commission under subsection (a) with respect
23 to imports of an article is affirmative, or if the
24 President may consider a determination of the Com-
25 mission to be an affirmative determination as pro-
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73
1 vided for under paragraph (1) of section 330(d) of
2 the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1330(d)(1)), the
3 Commission shall find, and recommend to the Presi-
4 dent in the report required under subsection (d), the
5 amount of import relief that is necessary to remedy
6 or prevent the injury found by the Commission in
7 the determination and to facilitate the efforts of the
8 domestic industry to make a positive adjustment to
9 import competition.
10 (2) LIMITATION ON RELIEF.—The import relief
11 recommended by the Commission under this sub-
12 section shall be limited to the relief described in sec-
13 tion 313(c).
14 (3) VOTING; SEPARATE VIEWS.—Only those
15 members of the Commission who voted in the af-
16 firmative under subsection (a) are eligible to vote on
17 the proposed action to remedy or prevent the injury
18 found by the Commission. Members of the Commis-
19 sion who did not vote in the affirmative may submit,
20 in the report required under subsection (d), separate
21 views regarding what action, if any, should be taken
22 to remedy or prevent the injury.
23 (d) REPORT TO PRESIDENT.—Not later than the
24 date that is 30 days after the date on which a determina-
25 tion is made under subsection (a) with respect to an inves-
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74
1 tigation, the Commission shall submit to the President a
2 report that includes—
3 (1) the determination made under subsection
4 (a) and an explanation of the basis for the deter-
5 mination;
6 (2) if the determination under subsection (a) is
7 affirmative, any findings and recommendations for
8 import relief made under subsection (c) and an ex-
9 planation of the basis for each recommendation; and
10 (3) any dissenting or separate views by mem-
11 bers of the Commission regarding the determination
12 referred to in paragraph (1) and any finding or rec-
13 ommendation referred to in paragraph (2).
14 (e) PUBLIC NOTICE.—Upon submitting a report to
15 the President under subsection (d), the Commission shall
16 promptly make public the report (with the exception of
17 information which the Commission determines to be con-
18 fidential) and shall publish a summary of the report in
19 the Federal Register.
20 SEC. 313. PROVISION OF RELIEF.
75
1 President considers to be affirmative under paragraph (1)
2 of section 330(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C.
3 1330(d)(1)), the President, subject to subsection (b), shall
4 provide relief from imports of the article that is the subject
5 of such determination to the extent that the President de-
6 termines necessary to remedy or prevent the injury found
7 by the Commission and to facilitate the efforts of the do-
8 mestic industry to make a positive adjustment to import
9 competition.
10 (b) EXCEPTION.—The President is not required to
11 provide import relief under this section if the President
12 determines that the provision of the import relief will not
13 provide greater economic and social benefits than costs.
14 (c) NATURE OF RELIEF.—
15 (1) IN GENERAL.—The import relief that the
16 President is authorized to provide under this section
17 with respect to imports of an article is as follows:
18 (A) The suspension of any further reduc-
19 tion provided for under Annex 3.3 of the Agree-
20 ment in the duty imposed on the article.
21 (B) An increase in the rate of duty im-
22 posed on the article to a level that does not ex-
23 ceed the lesser of—
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76
1 (i) the column 1 general rate of duty
2 imposed under the HTS on like articles at
3 the time the import relief is provided; or
4 (ii) the column 1 general rate of duty
5 imposed under the HTS on like articles on
6 the day before the date on which the
7 Agreement enters into force.
8 (2) PROGRESSIVE LIBERALIZATION.—If the pe-
9 riod for which import relief is provided under this
10 section is greater than 1 year, the President shall
11 provide for the progressive liberalization (described
12 in article 8.2.3 of the Agreement) of such relief at
13 regular intervals during the period of its application.
14 (d) PERIOD OF RELIEF.—
15 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2),
16 any import relief that the President provides under
17 this section may not, in the aggregate, be in effect
18 for more than 4 years.
19 (2) EXTENSION.—
20 (A) IN GENERAL.—If the initial period for
21 any import relief provided under this section is
22 less than 4 years, the President, after receiving
23 a determination from the Commission under
24 subparagraph (B) that is affirmative, or which
25 the President considers to be affirmative under
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77
1 paragraph (1) of section 330(d) of the Tariff
2 Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1330(d)(1)), may ex-
3 tend the effective period of any import relief
4 provided under this section, subject to the limi-
5 tation under paragraph (1), if the President de-
6 termines that—
7 (i) the import relief continues to be
8 necessary to remedy or prevent serious in-
9 jury and to facilitate adjustment by the do-
10 mestic industry to import competition; and
11 (ii) there is evidence that the industry
12 is making a positive adjustment to import
13 competition.
14 (B) ACTION BY COMMISSION.—
78
1 that the industry is making a positive ad-
2 justment to import competition.
3 (ii) NOTICE AND HEARING.—The
79
1 year in which such termination occurs shall be the
2 rate that, according to the Schedule of the United
3 States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement, would have
4 been in effect 1 year after the provision of relief
5 under subsection (a); and
6 (2) the rate of duty for that article after De-
7 cember 31 of the year in which such termination oc-
8 curs shall be, at the discretion of the President, ei-
9 ther—
10 (A) the applicable rate of duty for that ar-
11 ticle set forth in the Schedule of the United
12 States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement; or
13 (B) the rate of duty resulting from the
14 elimination of the tariff in equal annual stages
15 ending on the date set forth in the Schedule of
16 the United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agree-
17 ment for the elimination of the tariff.
18 (f) ARTICLES EXEMPT FROM RELIEF.—No import
19 relief may be provided under this section on—
20 (1) any article that is subject to import relief
21 under—
22 (A) subtitle B; or
23 (B) chapter 1 of title II of the Trade Act
24 of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.); or
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
80
1 (2) any article on which an additional duty as-
2 sessed under section 202(b) is in effect.
3 SEC. 314. TERMINATION OF RELIEF AUTHORITY.
81
1 (2) by inserting before the period at the end ‘‘,
2 and title III of the United States–Panama Trade
3 Promotion Agreement Implementation Act’’.
4 Subtitle B—Textile and Apparel
5 Safeguard Measures
6 SEC. 321. COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION FOR RELIEF.
23 (a) DETERMINATION.—
24 (1) IN GENERAL.—If a positive determination is
25 made under section 321(b), the President shall de-
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
82
1 termine whether, as a result of the elimination of a
2 duty under the Agreement, a Panamanian textile or
3 apparel article is being imported into the United
4 States in such increased quantities, in absolute
5 terms or relative to the domestic market for that ar-
6 ticle, and under such conditions as to cause serious
7 damage, or actual threat thereof, to a domestic in-
8 dustry producing an article that is like, or directly
9 competitive with, the imported article.
10 (2) SERIOUS DAMAGE.—In making a deter-
11 mination under paragraph (1), the President—
12 (A) shall examine the effect of increased
13 imports on the domestic industry, as reflected
14 in changes in such relevant economic factors as
15 output, productivity, utilization of capacity, in-
16 ventories, market share, exports, wages, em-
17 ployment, domestic prices, profits, and invest-
18 ment, no one of which is necessarily decisive;
19 and
20 (B) shall not consider changes in consumer
21 preference or changes in technology as factors
22 supporting a determination of serious damage
23 or actual threat thereof.
24 (3) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The
83
1 graph (1) not later than 30 days after the comple-
2 tion of any consultations held pursuant to article
3 3.24.4 of the Agreement.
4 (b) PROVISION OF RELIEF.—
5 (1) IN GENERAL.—If a determination under
6 subsection (a) is affirmative, the President may pro-
7 vide relief from imports of the article that is the
8 subject of such determination, as provided in para-
9 graph (2), to the extent that the President deter-
10 mines necessary to remedy or prevent the serious
11 damage and to facilitate adjustment by the domestic
12 industry.
13 (2) NATURE OF RELIEF.—The relief that the
14 President is authorized to provide under this sub-
15 section with respect to imports of an article is an in-
16 crease in the rate of duty imposed on the article to
17 a level that does not exceed the lesser of—
18 (A) the column 1 general rate of duty im-
19 posed under the HTS on like articles at the
20 time the import relief is provided; or
21 (B) the column 1 general rate of duty im-
22 posed under the HTS on like articles on the
23 day before the date on which the Agreement en-
24 ters into force.
F:\MAS\112WM\MAS.011A
84
1 SEC. 323. PERIOD OF RELIEF.
85
1 (B) chapter 1 of title II of the Trade Act
2 of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.).
3 SEC. 325. RATE AFTER TERMINATION OF IMPORT RELIEF.
86
1 release of the information. To the extent a party submits
2 confidential business information, the party shall also pro-
3 vide a nonconfidential version of the information in which
4 the confidential business information is summarized or, if
5 necessary, deleted.
6 Subtitle C—Cases Under Title II of
7 the Trade Act of 1974
8 SEC. 331. FINDINGS AND ACTION ON PANAMANIAN ARTI-
9 CLES.
87
1 nian articles with respect to which the Commission has
2 made a negative finding under subsection (a).
3 TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS
4 SEC. 401. ELIGIBLE PRODUCTS.
88
1 dent terminates the designation of Panama as a bene-
2 ficiary country pursuant to section 201(a)(3) of this Act.
3 TITLE V—OFFSETS
4 SEC. 501. EXTENSION OF CUSTOMS USER FEES.
13 TAXES.
89
1 July, August, or September of 2016 shall be in-
2 creased by 0.25 percent of such amount (determined
3 without regard to any increase in such amount not
4 contained in such Code); and
5 (3) the amount of the next required installment
6 after an installment referred to in paragraph (1) or
7 (2) shall be appropriately reduced to reflect the
8 amount of the increase by reason of such paragraph.
THE UNITED STATES – PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION
AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ACT
In addition, incorporated into this Statement are two other statements required under
section 2105(a) of the TPA Act: (1) an explanation of how the implementing bill and proposed
administrative action will change or affect existing law; and (2) a statement setting forth the
reasons why the implementing bill and proposed administrative action are necessary or
appropriate to carry out the Agreement.
The Agreement does not change the provisions of any agreement the United States has
previously negotiated with Panama. Article 1.3.2 of the Agreement suspends on the date the
Agreement enters into force Articles VII and VIII of the Treaty Between the United States of
America and the Republic of Panama Concerning the Treatment and Protection of Investments,
with Annex and Agreed Minutes, signed at Washington on October 27, 1982 (the “Treaty”)
concerning investor-to-state and state-to-state dispute settlement, respectively. However, Article
1.3.3 of the Agreement preserves, for ten years, the option of invoking dispute settlement under
the Treaty with respect to investments covered by the Treaty as of the date of entry into force of
the Agreement and in the case of disputes that arose prior to the date of entry into force of the
Agreement. Article 1.3.3 also preserves investor-to-state dispute settlement under the Treaty
with respect to disputes arising on or after the date of entry into force of the Agreement out of an
investment agreement that was in effect before the date of entry into force of the Agreement. If
the Agreement terminates, the dispute settlement provisions of the Treaty will automatically
resume operation.
For ease of reference, this Statement generally follows the organization of the
Agreement, with the exception of grouping the general provisions of the Agreement (Chapters
One, Two, and Eighteen through Twenty-Two) at the beginning of the discussion.
For each chapter of the Agreement, the Statement describes the pertinent provisions of
the implementing bill, explaining how the bill changes or affects existing law, and stating why
those provisions are necessary or appropriate to implement the Agreement. The Statement then
describes the administrative action proposed to implement the particular chapter of the
Agreement, explaining how the proposed action changes existing administrative practice or
authorizes further action and stating why such actions are necessary or appropriate to implement
the Agreement.
It should be noted that this Statement does not, for the most part, discuss those many
instances in which U.S. law or administrative practice will remain unchanged under the
Agreement. In many cases, U.S. laws and regulations are already in conformity with the
obligations assumed under the Agreement.
Finally, references in this Statement to particular sections of U.S. statutes are based on
those statutes in effect as of the date this Statement was submitted to the Congress.
2
Chapters:
One (Initial Provisions)
Two (General Definitions)
Eighteen (Transparency)
Nineteen (Administration of the Agreement and Trade Capacity Building)
Twenty (Dispute Settlement)
Twenty-One (Exceptions)
Twenty-Two (Final Provisions)
1. Implementing Bill
a. Congressional Approval
Section 101(a) of the implementing bill provides Congressional approval for the
Agreement and this Statement, as required by sections 2103(b)(3) and 2105(a)(1) of the TPA
Act.
Article 22.5 of the Agreement requires the United States and Panama to exchange written
notifications that their respective legal requirements for the entry into force of the Agreement
have been fulfilled. The exchange of notifications is a necessary condition for the Agreement’s
entry into force. Section 101(b) of the implementing bill authorizes the President to exchange
notes with Panama to provide for the Agreement to enter into force for the United States on or
after January 1, 2012. The exchange of notes is conditioned on a determination by the President
that Panama has taken measures necessary to comply with those of its obligations that are to take
effect at the time the Agreement enters into force.
Certain provisions of the Agreement become effective after the Agreement enters into
force. For example, the Agreement provides Panama up to three years to comply with certain
provisions relating to customs administration. Likewise, certain procedural obligations relating
to government procurement become effective with respect to Panama two years after the
Agreement enters into force. In addition, certain of the Agreement’s obligations regarding
intellectual property rights, including those governing the ratification of certain international
agreements, patent term restoration, and the enforcement of certain copyright protections, apply
to Panama at prescribed times after the Agreement enters into force.
Section 102(a) of the bill establishes the relationship between the Agreement and U.S.
law. The implementing bill, including the authority granted to federal agencies to promulgate
implementing regulations, is intended to bring U.S. law fully into compliance with U.S.
obligations under the Agreement and to make other changes that are necessary or appropriate to
implement the Agreement. The bill accomplishes those objectives with respect to federal
3
legislation by amending existing federal statutes that would otherwise be inconsistent with the
Agreement, amending existing federal laws that are necessary or appropriate to implement the
Agreement, and, in certain instances, by creating entirely new provisions of law.
Section 102(a) clarifies that no provision of the Agreement will be given effect under
domestic law if it is inconsistent with federal law, including provisions of federal law enacted or
amended by the bill. Section 102(a) will not prevent implementation of federal statutes
consistent with the Agreement, where permissible under the terms of such statutes. Rather, the
section reflects the Congressional view that necessary changes in federal statutes should be
specifically enacted rather than provided for in a blanket preemption of federal statutes by the
Agreement.
The Administration has made every effort to include all laws in the implementing bill and
to identify all administrative actions in this Statement that must be changed in order to conform
with the new U.S. rights and obligations arising from the Agreement. Those include both
regulations resulting from statutory changes in the bill itself and changes in laws, regulations,
rules, and orders that can be implemented without a change in the underlying U.S. statute.
The Agreement’s rules generally cover state and local laws and regulations, as well as
those at the federal level. There are a number of exceptions to, or limitations on, this general
rule, however, particularly in the areas of government procurement, labor, environment,
investment, and cross-border trade in services and financial services.
The Agreement does not automatically “preempt” or invalidate state laws that do not
conform to the Agreement’s rules, even if a dispute settlement panel were to find a state measure
inconsistent with the Agreement. The United States is free under the Agreement to determine
how it will conform with the Agreement’s rules at the federal and non-federal level. The
Administration is committed to carrying out U.S. obligations under the Agreement, as they apply
to the states, through the greatest possible degree of state-federal consultation and cooperation.
Section 102(b)(1) of the bill makes clear that only the United States is entitled to bring an
action in court in the event that there is an unresolved conflict between a state law, or the
4
application of a state law, and the Agreement. The authority conferred on the United States
under this paragraph is intended to be used only as a “last resort,” in the unlikely event that
efforts to achieve consistency through consultations have not succeeded.
The reference in section 102(b)(2) of the bill to the business of insurance is required by
virtue of section 2 of the McCarran-Ferguson Act (15 U.S.C. 1012). That section states that no
federal statute shall be construed to supersede any state law regulating or taxing the business of
insurance unless the federal statute “specifically relates to the business of insurance.” Certain
provisions of the Agreement (for example, Chapter Twelve, relating to financial services) do
apply to state measures regulating the insurance business, although “grandfathering” provisions
in Chapter Twelve exempt existing inconsistent (i.e., “non-conforming”) measures.
Given section 2 of the McCarran-Ferguson Act, the implementing act must make specific
reference to the business of insurance in order for the Agreement’s provisions covering the
insurance business to be given effect with respect to state insurance law. Insurance is otherwise
treated in the same manner under the Agreement and the implementing bill as other financial
services under the Agreement.
e. Private Lawsuits
Section 102(c) of the implementing bill precludes any private right of action or remedy
against the federal government, a state or local government, or a private party, based on the
provisions of the Agreement. A private party thus could not sue (or defend a suit against) the
United States, a state, or a private party on grounds of consistency (or inconsistency) with the
Agreement. The provision also precludes a private right of action attempting to require,
preclude, or modify federal or state action on grounds such as an allegation that the government
is required to exercise discretionary authority or general “public interest” authority under other
provisions of law in conformity with the Agreement.
With respect to the states, section 102(c) represents a determination by the Congress and
the Administration that private lawsuits are not an appropriate means for ensuring state
compliance with the Agreement. Suits of this nature may interfere with the Administration’s
conduct of trade and foreign relations and with suitable resolution of disagreements or disputes
under the Agreement.
Section 102(c) does not preclude a private party from submitting a claim against the
United States to arbitration under Chapter Ten (Investment) of the Agreement or seeking to
enforce an award against the United States issued pursuant to such arbitration. The provision
also would not preclude any agency of government from considering, or entertaining argument
on, whether its action or proposed action is consistent with the Agreement, although any change
in agency action would have to be consistent with domestic law.
5
f. Implementing Regulations
Section 103(a) of the bill provides the authority for new or amended regulations to be
issued, and for the President to proclaim actions implementing the provisions of the Agreement,
as of the date the Agreement enters into force. Section 103(b) of the bill requires that, whenever
possible, all federal regulations required or authorized under the bill and those proposed in this
Statement as necessary or appropriate to implement immediately applicable U.S. obligations
under the Agreement are to be developed and promulgated within one year of the Agreement’s
entry into force. In practice, the Administration intends, wherever possible, to amend or issue
the other regulations required to implement U.S. obligations under the Agreement at the time the
Agreement enters into force. The process for issuing regulations pursuant to this authority will
comply with the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act, including requirements to
provide notice of and an opportunity for public comment on such regulations. If issuance of any
regulation will occur more than one year after the date provided in section 103(b), the officer
responsible for issuing such regulation will notify the relevant committees of both Houses of
Congress of the delay, the reasons for such delay, and the expected date for issuance of the
regulation. Such notice will be provided at least 30 days prior to the end of the one-year period.
g. Dispute Settlement
Section 105(a) of the bill authorizes the President to establish within the Department of
Commerce an office responsible for providing administrative assistance to dispute settlement
panels established under Chapter Twenty of the Agreement. This provision enables the United
States to implement its obligations under Article 19.3.1 of the Agreement. This office will not
be an “agency” within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. 552, consistent with treatment provided under
other U.S. free trade agreements, including the North American Free Trade Agreement
(“NAFTA”) and free trade agreements with Australia, Chile, Singapore, Morocco, the
Dominican Republic and Central America, Bahrain, Oman, and Peru. Thus, for example, the
office will not be subject to the Freedom of Information Act or the Government in the Sunshine
Act. Since they are international bodies, panels established under Chapter Twenty are not
subject to those acts.
Section 105(b) of the bill authorizes the appropriation of funds to support the office
established pursuant to section 105(a).
h. Effective Dates
Section 107(b)(1) of the bill provides that the first three sections of the bill as well as
Title I and Title V of the bill go into effect on the date of enactment of the bill. Section
107(b)(2) provides that certain amendments made by the bill take effect upon enactment, but will
apply with respect to Panama only when the Agreement enters into force.
Section 107(a) of the bill provides that the other provisions of the bill and the
amendments to other statutes made by the bill take effect on the date on which the Agreement
6
enters into force. Section 107(c) of the bill provides that the provisions of the bill (other than
section 107(c) itself and Title V) and the amendments to other statutes made by the bill (except
the amendments made by Title V) will cease to have effect on the date on which the Agreement
terminates.
2. Administrative Action
Article 18.1.1 of the Agreement requires each government to designate a contact point to
facilitate communications regarding the Agreement. The Office of the United States Trade
Representative (“USTR”) will serve as the U.S. contact point for this purpose. In addition,
Article 19.1 of the Agreement establishes a Free Trade Commission to oversee the
implementation of the Agreement and the work of committees and other bodies established
under the Agreement. The U.S. Trade Representative, or his or her designee, will represent the
United States on the Free Trade Commission.
The Agreement calls for the United States and Panama to develop rosters of independent
experts willing to serve as panelists to settle disputes between the parties that may arise under the
Agreement. One roster will be available for most types of disputes, while specialized rosters will
be established to address disputes regarding the Agreement’s financial services, labor, and
environmental provisions. USTR will consult with the Committee on Ways and Means of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate (“Trade Committees”) as
it develops rosters of panelists. USTR will provide the Trade Committees with the names of the
experts it is considering, and detailed background information on each, at least 30 days before
submitting the names of any nominees to Panama.
1. Implementing Bill
a. Proclamation Authority
Section 201(a)(1) of the bill grants the President authority to implement by proclamation
U.S. rights and obligations under Chapter Three of the Agreement through the application or
elimination of customs duties and tariff-rate quotas (“TRQs”). Section 201(a)(1) authorizes the
President to:
7
impose any duty
that the President determines to be necessary or appropriate to carry out or apply Articles 3.3,
3.5, 3.6, 3.26, 3.27, 3.28, and 3.29, and Annex 3.3 of the Agreement.
The proclamation authority with respect to Article 3.3 of the Agreement authorizes the
President to provide for the continuation, phase-out, and elimination, according to the Schedule
of the United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement, of customs duties on imports from Panama
that meet the Agreement’s rules of origin.
The proclamation authority with respect to Articles 3.5 and 3.6 of the Agreement
authorizes the President to provide for the elimination of duties on particular categories of
imports from Panama. Article 3.5 pertains to the temporary admission of certain goods, such as
commercial samples, goods intended for display at an exhibition, and goods necessary for
carrying out the business activity of a person who qualifies for temporary entry into the United
States. Article 3.6 pertains to the importation of goods: (i) returned to the United States after
undergoing repair or alteration in Panama; or (ii) sent from Panama for repair or alteration in the
United States.
The proclamation authority with respect to Article 3.26 of the Agreement authorizes the
President to reduce the amount of duty imposed on certain textile or apparel goods that are not
“originating goods” for purposes of the Agreement, but that contain U.S.-origin components.
The President is authorized to proclaim a duty rate equal to the applicable normal trade relations
(most-favored-nation) (“NTR (MFN)”) rate of duty applied to the value of the good minus the
value of U.S. components (e.g., fabric). To qualify for this duty treatment the good must be
made with U.S. fabric or knit-to-shape components and assembled in Panama with U.S. thread.
The U.S. fabric may be cut in Panama.
The proclamation authority with respect to Article 3.27 of the Agreement authorizes the
President to provide duty-free treatment for textile or apparel articles that the United States and
Panama agree are handloomed, handmade, or folklore articles, and which are certified as such by
Panama’s competent authority.
The proclamation authority with respect to Article 3.28 of the Agreement authorizes the
President to provide duty-free treatment for Guayabera-style dresses and shirts that are cut and
sewn or otherwise assembled in Panama or the United States or both.
The proclamation authority with respect to Article 3.29 of the Agreement authorizes the
President to provide duty-free treatment for certain socks that are sewn or otherwise assembled
in Panama with U.S. thread from components knit-to-shape in the United States from U.S. yarn.
Sections 201(a)(2) and (3) of the bill address the status of Panama as a designated
beneficiary country under the following U.S. trade preference programs: (i) the Generalized
System of Preferences (19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.) (“GSP”); (ii) the Caribbean Basin Economic
8
Recovery Act (19 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) (“CBERA”); and (iii) the United States – Caribbean
Basin Trade Partnership Act, Pub. Law 106-200 (“CBTPA”), which amended the CBERA to
provide additional tariff preferences to beneficiary countries for certain goods, including certain
textile and apparel goods.
Section 201(a)(2) of the bill requires the President to withdraw beneficiary country status
under GSP on the date the Agreement takes effect.
Section 201(a)(3) of the bill requires the President to withdraw beneficiary country status
under the CBERA from Panama on the date the Agreement takes effect. The requirement to
terminate CBERA beneficiary status is subject to three exceptions, however, which are set out in
section 201(a)(3)(B).
The first exception implements Article 8.8.1 of the Agreement, which provides that the
United States will continue to treat Panama as a CBERA beneficiary country for purposes of
Sections 771(7)(G)(ii)(III) and 771(7)(H) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(7)(G)(ii)(III)
and 1677(7)(H)). Those provisions preclude the U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”)
from aggregating (or “cumulating”) imports from CBERA beneficiary countries with imports
from non-beneficiary countries in determining in antidumping and countervailing duty
investigations whether a U.S. industry is materially injured or threatened with material injury by
reason of dumped or subsidized imports of a particular product from such beneficiary countries.
The second exception will permit the President to implement the duty-free treatment
provided under paragraph 4 of the General Notes to the Schedule of the United States to Annex
3.3 of the Agreement.
The third exception provides that Panama will continue to be considered a CBERA
beneficiary country for purposes of section 274(h)(6)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code (26
U.S.C. 274(h)(6)(B)). Section 274(h) limits taxpayer deductions for expenses incurred in
attending conventions, seminars, or similar meetings abroad. The rule does not apply with
respect to conventions, seminars, or similar meetings held in a CBERA beneficiary country, if
the country meets certain tests: (1) there is an agreement in effect between the country and the
United States providing for bilateral exchange of tax information; and (2) the Secretary of the
Treasury has not made a finding that the tax laws of such country discriminate against
conventions held in the United States. This third exception would maintain the status quo with
respect to this tax provision.
Section 213(b)(5)(D) of the CBERA, as amended by the CBTPA, provides that CBTPA
benefits terminate with respect to any CBTPA beneficiary country on entry into force of a free
trade agreement between that country and the United States. The President’s proclamation
implementing the Agreement will reflect the termination of CBTPA benefits for Panama.
Section 402 of the bill amends the CBERA in light of the fact that Panama will no longer
be a beneficiary country for purposes of the CBERA or the CBTPA on the date the Agreement
9
takes effect. Specifically, section 402 of the bill amends section 212(b) of the CBERA to delete
Panama from the list of countries that the President may designate as beneficiary countries. The
amendment takes effect on the date on which the President terminates Panama’s designation as a
beneficiary country pursuant to section 201(a)(3) of the bill. On that date, Panama will become a
“former beneficiary country” as defined in section 212(a)(1) of the CBERA and a “former
CBTPA beneficiary country” as defined in section 213(b)(5) of the CBERA.
Section 201(b) of the bill authorizes the President, subject to the consultation and layover
provisions of section 104 of the bill, to:
modify the staging of any duty elimination set out in Annex 3.3 of the Agreement,
pursuant to an agreement with Panama under Article 3.3.3 of the Agreement;
Section 104 of the bill sets forth consultation and layover steps that must precede the
President’s implementation of any duty modification by proclamation. This would include, for
example, modifications of duties under section 201(b) of the bill. Under the consultation and
layover provisions, the President must obtain the advice of the appropriate private sector
advisory committees (pursuant to section 135 of the Trade Act of 1974) and the ITC on the
proposed action. The President must submit a report to the Trade Committees setting forth the
action proposed, the reasons for the proposed action, and the advice of the private sector and the
ITC. The bill sets aside a 60-day period following the date of transmittal of the report for the
President to consult with the Trade Committees on the action. Following the expiration of the
60-day period, the President may proclaim the action.
The President may initiate the consultation and layover process under section 104 of the
bill on enactment of the bill. However, under section 103(a) of the bill, any modifying
proclamation cannot take effect until the Agreement enters into force. In addition to
modifications of customs duties, these provisions apply to other Presidential proclamation
authority provided in the bill that is subject to consultation and layover, such as authority to
implement a proposal to modify the Agreement’s specific rules of origin pursuant to an
agreement with Panama under Article 4.14 of the Agreement.
Section 201(c) of the bill provides for the conversion of existing specific or compound
rates of duty for various goods to ad valorem rates for purposes of implementing the
10
Agreement’s customs duty reductions. (A compound rate of duty for a good would be a rate of
duty stated, for example, as the sum of X dollars per kilogram plus Y percent of the value of the
good.)
Section 201(d) of the bill directs the President to take such action as may be necessary to
ensure that imports of goods subject to TRQs do not disrupt the orderly marketing of
commodities in the United States. This provision will be implemented consistent with Article
3.14 of the Agreement. Any agency action pursuant to this provision will be taken in accordance
with regulations promulgated after providing notice and opportunity for public comment.
b. Agricultural Safeguard
Section 202 of the bill implements the agricultural safeguard provisions of Article 3.17
and Annex 3.17 of the Agreement. Article 3.17 permits the United States to impose an
“agricultural safeguard measure,” in the form of additional duties, on imports of certain goods of
Panama specified in the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.17 of the Agreement that
exceed the volume thresholds set out in that annex.
Section 202(a) of the bill defines various terms used in the agricultural safeguard
provisions. Section 202(a)(1) defines “applicable NTR (MFN) rate of duty.” In conformity with
the Agreement, the sum of the duties assessed on a good under an agricultural safeguard measure
and the applicable rate of duty in the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3 of the
Agreement may not exceed the general NTR (MFN) rate of duty that applies to that type of good.
Section 202(a)(2) of the bill specifies the products that may be subject to an agricultural
safeguard measure. Specifically, a good is a “safeguard good” if (i) it is included in the Schedule
of the United States to Annex 3.17; (ii) it qualifies as an originating good under section 203 of
the bill; and (iii) a claim for preferential tariff treatment under the Agreement has been made
with respect to the good.
Section 202(a)(3) of the bill defines “schedule rate of duty” as the rate of duty for a good
set out in the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement.
Section 202(a)(4) of the bill defines the “trigger level” for purposes of applying
agricultural safeguard measures. For beef products that qualify as safeguard goods, the trigger
level is 330 metric tons in the calendar year in which the Agreement enters into force and, in
each of the second through 14th calendar years after the Agreement enters into force, 110 percent
of the trigger level for the prior year. For all other safeguard goods, the trigger level is 115
percent of the applicable “in-quota” quantity for the good specified in Appendix I to the General
Notes to the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement. (The in-quota
quantities are set out in the General Notes on a calendar-year basis beginning with “year one.”
Year one refers to that portion of the calendar year that begins on the day the Agreement enters
into force.)
11
Section 202(b) of the bill provides for the Secretary of the Treasury (the “Secretary”) to
impose agricultural safeguard duties and explains how the additional duties are to be calculated.
The additional duties are triggered in any calendar year when the volume of imports of the good
from Panama in that year exceeds the trigger level for the good for that year. The additional
duties remain in effect only until the end of the calendar year in which they are imposed.
Section 202(b)(3) of the bill implements Article 3.17.6 of the Agreement by directing the
Secretary within 60 days of the date on which the Secretary first assesses an agricultural
safeguard duty on a good to notify Panama and provide it with supporting data.
Section 202(c) of the bill implements Article 3.17.4 of the Agreement by establishing that
no additional duty may be applied on a good if, at the time of entry, the good is subject to a
safeguard measure under the procedures set out in Subtitle A of Title III of the bill or under the
safeguard procedures set out in chapter 1 of Title II of the Trade Act of 1974.
Section 202(d) of the bill provides that the agricultural safeguard provision ceases to
apply with respect to a good on the date on which duty-free treatment must be provided to that
good under the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3 of the Agreement.
Section 204 of the bill implements U.S. commitments under Article 3.10.4 of the
Agreement, regarding customs user fees on originating goods, by amending section 13031(b) of
the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (19 U.S.C. 58c(b)). The
amendment provides for the immediate elimination of the merchandise processing fee for goods
qualifying as originating goods under section 203 of the bill, which codifies the general origin
rules set out in Chapter Four of the Agreement. Customs processing of goods qualifying as
originating goods under the Agreement will be financed by money from the General Fund of the
Treasury. This is necessary to ensure that the United States complies with obligations under the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 by limiting fees charged for the processing of
non-originating imports to amounts commensurate with the processing services provided. That
is, fees charged on such non-originating imports will not be used to finance the processing of
originating imports.
Article 3.24 of the Agreement makes remedies available to domestic textile and apparel
industries that have sustained or are threatened by serious damage from imports of textile or
apparel goods for which duties have been reduced or eliminated under the Agreement. Article
3.24 also sets forth procedures for obtaining such remedies. The Administration does not
anticipate that the Agreement will result in injurious increases in textile or apparel imports from
Panama. Nevertheless, the Agreement’s textile or apparel safeguard procedure will ensure that
relief is available if needed.
12
The safeguard mechanism applies when, as a result of the reduction or elimination of a
customs duty under the Agreement, textile or apparel goods from Panama are being imported
into the United States in such increased quantities, in absolute or relative terms, and under such
conditions as to cause serious damage or actual threat thereof to a U.S. industry producing like or
directly competitive goods. In these circumstances, Article 3.24 permits the United States to
increase duties on the imported goods to a level that does not exceed the lesser of the prevailing
U.S. NTR (MFN) duty rate for the good or the U.S. NTR (MFN) duty rate in effect at the time
the Agreement entered into force.
Subtitle B of Title III of the bill (sections 321 through 328) implements the Agreement’s
textile and apparel safeguard.
Section 321(a) of the bill establishes that an interested party may file a request for a
textile or apparel safeguard measure with the President, who must review the request to
determine whether to commence consideration of the request on its merits. Under section 321(b)
of the bill, if the President determines that the request contains information necessary to warrant
consideration on the merits, the President must provide notice in the Federal Register stating that
the request will be considered and seeking public comments on the request. The notice will
contain a summary of the request itself and the dates by which comments and rebuttals must be
received. Subject to protection of confidential business information, if any, the full text of the
request will be made available on the Department of Commerce, International Trade
Administration’s website.
Section 322 of the bill sets out the procedures to be followed in considering the request.
Section 322(a)(1) of the bill provides for the President to determine whether, as a result of the
reduction or elimination of a duty provided for under the Agreement, a “Panamanian textile or
apparel article” is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities, in absolute
terms or relative to the domestic market for that article, and under such conditions that imports of
the article cause serious damage, or actual threat thereof, to a domestic industry producing an
article that is like, or directly competitive with, the imported article. Section 301(2) of the bill
defines “Panamanian textile or apparel article” to mean an article listed in the Annex to the
World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (other than a good
listed in Annex 3.30 of the Agreement) that qualifies as an originating good under section 203(b)
of the bill. The President’s determination corresponds to the determination required under
Article 3.24.1 of the Agreement. Section 322(a)(2) of the bill includes criteria for determining
serious damage or actual threat thereof, consistent with Article 3.24.2 of the Agreement. Section
322(a)(3) provides that the President must make his determination no later than 30 days after the
conclusion of any consultations with Panama held in accordance with Article 3.24.4 of the
Agreement.
Section 322(b) of the bill identifies the relief that the President may provide to a U.S.
industry that the President determines is facing serious damage or actual threat thereof. Such
relief may consist of an increase in tariffs to the lesser of: (i) the NTR (MFN) duty rate in place
13
for the textile or apparel article at the time the relief is granted; or (ii) the NTR (MFN) duty rate
for that article on the day before the Agreement entered into force.
Section 323 of the bill provides that the maximum period of relief under the textile or
apparel safeguard shall be three years. However, if the initial period of import relief is less than
three years, the President may extend the relief (to a maximum of three years) if the President
determines that continuation is necessary to remedy or prevent serious damage and to facilitate
adjustment, and that the domestic industry is, in fact, adjusting to import competition.
Section 324 of the bill provides that relief may not be granted to an article under the
textile and apparel safeguard if: (i) relief previously has been granted to that article under the
textile and apparel safeguard; or (ii) the article is subject, or becomes subject, to a safeguard
measure under (a) Chapter Eight of the Agreement (corresponding to Subtitle A of Title III of the
bill), or (b) chapter 1 of Title II of the Trade Act of 1974.
Section 325 of the bill provides that on the date import relief terminates, imports of the
textile or apparel article that was subject to the safeguard action will be subject to the rate of duty
that would have been in effect on that date in the absence of the relief.
Section 326 of the bill provides that authority to provide relief under the textile and
apparel safeguard will expire five years after the date on which the Agreement enters into force.
Under Article 3.24.6 of the Agreement, if the United States provides relief to a domestic
industry under the textile and apparel safeguard, it must provide Panama “mutually agreed trade
liberalizing compensation in the form of concessions having substantially equivalent trade
effects or equivalent to the value of the additional duties expected to result from the [safeguard].”
If the United States and Panama are unable to agree on trade liberalizing compensation, Panama
may increase tariffs equivalently on U.S. goods. The obligation to provide compensation (and
the right to increase tariffs absent agreement on compensation) terminates when the safeguard
relief ends.
Section 123 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2133), as amended, authorizes the
President to provide trade compensation for global safeguard measures taken pursuant to chapter
1 of title II of the Trade Act of 1974. Section 327 of the implementing bill extends that authority
to measures taken pursuant to the Agreement’s textile or apparel safeguard provisions.
Finally, section 328 of the bill provides that confidential business information submitted
in the course of consideration of a request for a textile or apparel safeguard may not be released
absent the consent of the party providing the information. It also provides that a party submitting
confidential business information in a textile or apparel safeguard proceeding must submit a non-
confidential version of the information or a summary of the information.
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e. Enforcement of Textile and Apparel Rules of Origin
In addition to lowering barriers to trade in textile and apparel goods, the Agreement
includes anti-circumvention provisions designed to ensure the accuracy of claims of origin and to
prevent circumvention of laws, regulations, and procedures affecting such trade. Article 3.21 of
the Agreement provides for verifications to determine the accuracy of claims of origin for textile
or apparel goods, and to determine that exporters and producers are complying with applicable
laws, regulations, and procedures regarding trade in textile or apparel goods.
Under Articles 3.21.3 and 3.21.4 of the Agreement, at the request of the government of
the importing Party, the government of the exporting Party must conduct a verification of textile
and apparel enterprises in its territory. The object of a verification under Article 3.21.3(a) of the
Agreement is to determine whether a claim of origin for a textile or apparel good is accurate.
The object of a verification under Article 3.21.3(b) is to determine whether an enterprise is
complying with applicable customs laws, regulations, and procedures regarding trade in textile or
apparel goods, including those implementing international agreements. The United States may
assist in a verification of a Panamanian enterprise or, at the request of the government of
Panama, conduct the verification itself. A verification may entail visits by officials of Panama
and the United States to the premises of a textile or apparel exporter or producer in Panama or
the United States.
Pursuant to Article 3.21.7 of the Agreement, the United States may take appropriate
action during and after a verification, including, depending on the nature of the verification, by
suspending or denying preferential tariff treatment for textile or apparel goods exported or
produced by the person subject to the verification, detaining the goods, or denying them entry
into the United States.
Section 208 of the bill implements Article 3.21 of the Agreement. Under section 208(a)
of the bill, the President may direct the Secretary to take “appropriate action” while a verification
that the Secretary has requested is being conducted. Section 208(b) of the bill provides that,
depending on the nature of the verification, the action may include: (i) suspending preferential
tariff treatment for textile or apparel goods that the person subject to the verification has
produced or exported if the Secretary determines there is insufficient information to sustain a
claim for such treatment; (ii) denying preferential tariff treatment to such goods if the Secretary
determines that a person has provided incorrect information to support a claim for such
treatment; (iii) detaining such goods if the Secretary determines there is not enough information
to determine their country of origin; and (iv) denying entry to such goods if the Secretary
determines that a person has provided incorrect information on their origin.
Under section 208(c) of the bill, the President may also direct the Secretary to take
“appropriate action” after a verification has been completed. Under section 208(d) of the bill,
depending on the nature of the verification, the action may include: (i) denying preferential tariff
treatment under the Agreement to textile or apparel goods that the person subject to the
verification has exported or produced if the Secretary determines there is insufficient information
15
to support a claim for such treatment or determines that a person has provided incorrect
information to support a claim for such treatment; and (ii) denying entry to such goods if the
Secretary determines that a person has provided incorrect information regarding their origin or
that there is insufficient information to determine their origin. Unless the President sets an
earlier date, any such action may remain in place until the Secretary obtains enough information
to decide whether the exporter or producer that was subject to the verification is complying with
applicable customs rules or whether a claim that the goods qualify for preferential tariff
treatment or originate in Panama is accurate.
Under section 208(e) of the bill, the Secretary may publish the name of a person that the
Secretary has determined: (i) is engaged in intentional circumvention of applicable laws,
regulations, or procedures affecting trade in textile or apparel goods; or (ii) has failed to
demonstrate that it produces, or is capable of producing, the textile or apparel goods that are the
subject of a verification.
Under the specific rules of origin for textile and apparel goods set out in Annex 4.1 of the
Agreement, fabrics, yarns, or fibers that are not available in commercial quantities in a timely
manner in the United States and Panama are treated as if they originate in the United States or
Panama, regardless of their actual origin, when used as inputs in the production of textile or
apparel goods. Annex 3.25 of the Agreement lists certain fabrics, yarns, and fibers that the
United States and Panama have agreed are unavailable in the region.
In addition, Article 3.25.4 of the Agreement provides that the United States may add
fabrics, yarns, or fibers to the list in certain circumstances. First, Article 3.25.4(e) of the
Agreement provides that the United States will add any fabric, yarn, or fiber to the list that it has
determined before the Agreement enters into force to be unavailable in commercial quantities in
a timely manner under its regional trade preference programs or another free trade agreement
that includes procedures under which the United States may determine that a fabric, yarn, or
fiber is not available in commercial quantities in a timely manner. These regional trade
preference program provisions are set out in: section 112(b)(5)(B) of the African Growth and
Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3721(b)), section 204(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Andean Trade Preference
Act (19 U.S.C. 3203(b)(3)(B)(ii)), and section 213(b)(2)(A)(v)(II) of the Caribbean Basin
Economic Recovery Act (19 U.S.C. 2703(b)(2)(A)(v)(II)).
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Article 3.25.5 of the Agreement authorizes the United States, in response to a request
from an interested entity, either to remove a material from the list or impose a restriction on any
material it has added to the list in an unrestricted quantity. The United States may take this
action beginning six months after it determines, in response to a request, that the material has
become commercially available in Panama or the United States.
Section 203(o)(2) of the bill provides authority for the President to carry out the provision
in Article 3.25.4(e) of the Agreement pursuant to which the United States will add materials to
the list in Annex 3.25 of the Agreement in certain circumstances.
Section 203(o)(4) of the bill implements those provisions of Article 3.25 of the
Agreement that provide for the United States to modify the list of materials in Annex 3.25 after
the Agreement enters into force.
Subparagraph (C)(vi) of section 203(o)(4) provides that within six months after adding a
fabric, yarn, or fiber to the list in Annex 3.25 of the Agreement in a restricted quantity, the
President may eliminate the restriction if he determines that the fabric, yarn, or fiber is not
available in commercial quantities in a timely manner in Panama and the United States.
Under subparagraph (E)(i) of section 203(o)(4), an interested entity may request the
17
President to limit the amount of any fabric, yarn, or fiber that the United States has included on
the list in Annex 3.25 in an unrestricted quantity, or to remove such a material from the list
entirely. Under subparagraph (E)(ii), an interested entity may submit such a request beginning
six months after the product was placed on the list in an unrestricted amount. Subparagraph
(E)(iii) provides for the President to issue a proclamation carrying out a request if he determines
within 30 business days after the request is submitted that the material is available in commercial
quantities in a timely manner in Panama or the United States. Subparagraph (E)(iv) provides that
this type of proclamation may take effect no earlier than six months after it is published in the
Federal Register.
Subparagraph (F) of section 203(o)(4) calls for the President to establish procedures for
interested entities to submit requests for changes in the Annex 3.25 list and to submit comments
and supporting evidence before the President determines whether to change the list.
2. Administrative Action
As discussed above, section 201(a)(1) of the bill authorizes the President to proclaim
duty-free treatment for certain goods to carry out Article 3.5 (temporary admission of certain
goods) and Article 3.6 (repair or alteration of certain goods) of the Agreement. The Secretary
will issue regulations to carry out this portion of the proclamation.
The President will authorize the Committee for the Implementation of Textile
Agreements (“CITA”) to consult with Panama to determine which, if any, textile or apparel
goods from Panama will be treated as handloomed, handmade, or folklore articles. CITA is an
interagency entity created by Executive Order 11651 that carries out U.S. textile trade policies,
as directed by the President. The President will delegate to CITA his authority under the bill to
provide duty-free treatment for these articles.
c. Agricultural Safeguard
The Secretary will issue regulations implementing the agricultural safeguard provisions
of section 202 of the bill. It is the Administration’s intent that agricultural safeguard measures
will be applied whenever the volume thresholds specified in the Agreement have been met.
CITA will perform the function of receiving requests for textile or apparel safeguard
measures under section 321 of the bill, making determinations of serious damage or actual threat
thereof under section 322(a) of the bill, and providing relief under section 322(b). CITA will
18
issue procedures for requesting such safeguard measures, for making its determinations under
section 322(a), and for providing relief under section 322(b) of the bill. CITA will perform these
functions pursuant to a delegation of the President’s authority under the bill.
Section 208 of the bill provides that the Secretary may request Panama to initiate
verifications in order to determine whether claims of origin for textile or apparel goods are
accurate or whether exporters and producers are complying with applicable laws, regulations,
and procedures regarding trade in textile or apparel goods. The President will delegate to CITA
his authority under the bill to direct appropriate U.S. officials to take an action described in
section 208(b) of the bill while such a verification is being conducted. The President will also
authorize CITA to direct pertinent U.S. officials to take an action described in section 208(d) of
the bill after a verification is completed. If CITA decides that it is appropriate to deny
preferential tariff treatment or deny entry to particular goods, CITA will issue an appropriate
directive to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”).
Section 208 of the bill provides the exclusive basis in U.S. law for CITA to direct
appropriate action implementing Article 3.21 of the Agreement.
The President will delegate to CITA his authority under section 203(o)(4) of the bill,
which establishes procedures for changing the list of fabrics, yarns, or fibers not available in
commercial quantities in a timely manner in Panama and the United States set out in Annex 3.25
of the Agreement.
CITA will publish procedures under which interested entities may request that CITA:
(i) add a fabric, yarn, or fiber to the list in Annex 3.25; (ii) eliminate a restriction on a fabric,
yarn, or fiber within six months after the item was added to the list in a restricted quantity;
(iii) remove a fabric, yarn, or fiber from the list; or (iv) restrict the quantity of a fabric, yarn, or
fiber that was added to the list in an unrestricted quantity or with respect to which CITA
previously eliminated a restriction. These procedures will set out the information required to be
submitted with a request. CITA will publish notice of requests that meet these requirements.
CITA will provide an opportunity for interested entities to submit comments and evidence
regarding a request, and to rebut evidence that other interested entities have submitted, before
CITA makes a determination.
CITA will make determinations under section 203(o)(4) on a case-by-case basis taking
into account factors relevant to the request. Such factors ordinarily would include the physical
and technical specifications of the fabric, yarn, or fiber that is the subject of the request, as well
as evidence demonstrating the extent to which manufacturers in Panama and the United States
are able to supply the item in commercial quantities in a timely manner. CITA will provide
public notice of its determinations.
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Chapter Four (Rules of Origin)
1. Implementing Bill
a. General
Section 203 of the implementing bill codifies the general rules of origin set forth in
Chapter Four of the Agreement. These rules apply only for the purposes of this bill and for the
purposes of implementing the customs duty treatment provided under the Agreement. An
originating good for the purposes of this bill would not necessarily be a good of or import from
Panama for the purposes of other U.S. laws or regulations.
Under the general rules, there are three basic ways for a good of Panama to qualify as an
“originating” good and, therefore, be eligible for preferential treatment when it is imported into
the United States. First, a good is originating if it is “wholly obtained or produced entirely in the
territory of Panama, the United States, or both.” The term “good wholly obtained or produced
entirely in the territory of Panama, the United States, or both” is defined in section 203(n)(5) of
the bill and includes, for example, minerals extracted from the territory of Panama, the United
States, or both; animals born and raised in the territory of Panama, the United States, or both; and
waste and scrap derived from production of goods that takes place in the territory of Panama, the
United States, or both.
The term “good wholly obtained or produced entirely in the territory of Panama, the
United States, or both” includes “recovered goods.” These are parts resulting from the
disassembly of used goods that are brought into good working condition in order to be combined
with other recovered goods and other materials to form a “remanufactured good.” The term
“remanufactured good” is separately defined in section 203(n)(20) of the bill to mean an
industrial good falling within Chapter 84, 85, 87, or 90 of the HTS or heading 9402 (with the
exception of goods under heading 8418 or 8516) that: (i) is entirely or partially comprised of
recovered goods; and (ii) has a similar life expectancy and enjoys a factory warranty similar to
such a good that is new.
Second, the general rules of origin provide that a good is “originating” if the good is
produced in the territory of Panama, the United States, or both, and the materials used to produce
the good that are not themselves originating goods are transformed in such a way as to cause
their tariff classification to change and to meet other requirements, as specified in Annex 4.1 of
the Agreement. Such additional requirements include, for example, performing certain processes
or operations related to textile or apparel goods in the territory of Panama, the United States, or
both, or meeting regional value content requirements, sometimes in conjunction with changes in
tariff classification.
20
Third, the general rules of origin provide that a good is “originating” if the good is
produced entirely in the territory of Panama, the United States, or both, exclusively from
materials that themselves qualify as originating goods.
As is the case for all goods exported to the United States, “originating goods” must
comply with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including import prohibitions, sanctions, and
licensing requirements, in order to be admitted into the territory of the United States.
The remainder of section 203 of the implementing bill sets forth specific rules related to
determining whether a good meets the Agreement’s specific requirements to qualify as an
originating good. For example, section 203(c) of the bill implements provisions in Annex 4.1 of
the Agreement that require certain goods to have at least a specified percentage of “regional
value content” to qualify as originating goods. It prescribes alternative methods for calculating
regional value content, as well as a specific method that may be used in the case of certain
automotive goods. Section 203(f) of the bill provides that a good is not disqualified as an
originating good if it contains de minimis quantities of non-originating materials that do not
undergo a change in tariff classification. Other provisions in section 203 address how materials
are to be valued, how to determine whether fungible goods and materials qualify as originating
or non-originating, as well as a variety of other matters.
Section 203(l) of the bill allows a good to be shipped through a third country without
losing its status as an originating good, provided certain conditions are met. While in a third
country, the good may not be further produced, except that it may be unloaded, reloaded, or
preserved, if necessary. Whether the good is unloaded, reloaded, or preserved in a third country,
or is simply shipped through the third country, the good must, while in that country, remain
under customs control.
Section 203(l) recognizes that, in modern commerce, a good may not be directly shipped
from Panama to the United States, or vice versa; for example, shipments may be consolidated at
an interim port. At the same time, in order to ensure that the preferential tariff treatment under
the Agreement inures to producers in Panama and the United States, rather than producers in
third countries, an originating good may not be further produced in a country that is not a party
to the Agreement. Requiring the good to remain under customs control provides greater
traceability of the good to ensure that no further production occurred.
b. Proclamation Authority
Section 203(o)(1) of the bill authorizes the President to proclaim the specific rules of
origin in Annex 4.1 of the Agreement, as well as any additional subordinate rules necessary to
carry out the customs duty provisions of the bill consistent with the Agreement. In addition,
section 203(o)(3) gives authority to the President to modify certain of the Agreement’s specific
origin rules by proclamation, subject to the consultation and layover provisions of section 104 of
the bill. (See item 1.a of Chapter Three, above.)
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Various provisions of the Agreement expressly contemplate that Panama and the United
States may agree to modify the Agreement’s rules of origin. Article 4.14 of the Agreement calls
for the two governments to consult regularly after the Agreement’s entry into force to discuss
proposed modifications to Annex 4.1 of the Agreement. Article 19.1.3(b) of the Agreement
authorizes the Free Trade Commission to approve proposed modifications to any of the
Agreement’s origin rules. These modifications are to be implemented in accordance with each
country’s applicable legal procedures. In addition, Article 3.25.1 of the Agreement calls for the
Parties to consult at either Party’s request to consider whether rules of origin for particular textile
or apparel goods should be modified.
Section 203(o)(3) of the bill expressly limits the President’s authority to modify by
proclamation specific rules of origin pertaining to textile or apparel goods (listed in Chapters 50
through 63 of the HTS and identified in Annex 4.1 of the Agreement). However, those rules of
origin may be modified by proclamation within one year of entry into force of the Agreement to
correct typographical, clerical, or other non-substantive technical errors. As discussed above,
Section 203(o)(4) of the bill also provides the President with authority to proclaim modifications
to the list in Annex 3.25 of the Agreement of fabrics, yarns, or fibers that are not available in
commercial quantities in a timely manner in Panama and the United States.
Article 4.16.3 of the Agreement provides that a Party may not impose a penalty on an
importer who makes an invalid claim for preferential tariff treatment under the Agreement if the
importer did not engage in negligence, gross negligence, or fraud in making the claim or, after
discovering that the claim is invalid, promptly and voluntarily corrects the claim and pays any
customs duty owing. Article 4.20.5 of the Agreement provides if an importing country
determines through verification that an importer, exporter, or producer has engaged in a pattern
of conduct in providing false or unsupported certifications or other representations that a good
qualifies as originating, it may suspend preferential tariff treatment under the Agreement for
identical goods covered by any subsequent certifications or other representations that that person
may make. The suspension may continue until the importing country determines that the
importer, exporter, or producer is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations governing
claims for preferential tariff treatment under the Agreement.
Section 205(a) of the bill implements Article 4.16.3 of the Agreement for the United
States by amending section 592(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1592(c)). Section 205(b)
of the bill implements Article 4.20.5 of the Agreement for the United States by amending section
514 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1514).
Article 4.16.5 of the Agreement provides that an importer may claim preferential tariff
treatment for an originating good within one year of importation, even if no such claim was
22
made at the time of importation. In seeking a refund for excess duties paid, the importer must
provide to the customs authorities information substantiating that the good was in fact an
originating good at the time of importation.
Section 206 of the bill implements U.S. obligations under Article 4.16.5 of the
Agreement by amending section 520(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1520(d)) to allow
an importer to claim preferential tariff treatment for originating goods within one year of their
importation.
Article 4.15 of the Agreement provides that an importer may base a claim for preferential
tariff treatment on either (i) a written or electronic certification by the importer, exporter, or
producer, or (ii) the importer’s knowledge that the good is an originating good, including through
reasonable reliance on information in the importer’s possession that the good is an originating
good. (The Agreement allows certain exceptions, for example, for goods with a customs value
less than or equal to $1,500.) If an exporter issues a certification, it must either be based on the
person’s knowledge that the good is originating or supported by a separate certification issued by
the producer.
Article 4.18 of the Agreement sets out rules governing incorrect certifications of origin
issued by exporters or producers. Where an exporter or producer becomes aware that a
certification of origin contains or is based on incorrect information, it must promptly and
voluntarily notify in writing every person to whom the exporter or producer issued the
certification of any change that could affect the accuracy or validity of the certification. If it
does so, the United States may not impose a penalty.
Section 205(a) of the bill implements U.S. obligations under Article 4.18 of the
Agreement by amending section 592 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1592). New
subsection (l) of section 592, as added by section 205(a) of the bill, imposes penalties on
exporters and producers that issue false Panama TPA certifications of origin through fraud, gross
negligence, or negligence. These penalties do not apply where an exporter or producer corrects
an error in the manner described above.
f. Recordkeeping Requirements
Article 4.19 of the Agreement sets forth recordkeeping requirements that each
government must apply to its importers. U.S. obligations under Article 4.19 regarding importers
are satisfied by current law, including the recordkeeping provisions in section 508 of the Tariff
Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1508).
Article 4.19 also sets forth recordkeeping requirements that each government must apply
to exporters and producers issuing certifications of origin for goods exported under the
23
Agreement. Section 207 of the bill implements Article 4.19 of the Agreement for the United
States by amending the customs recordkeeping statute (section 508 of the Tariff Act of 1930).
As added by section 207 of the bill, subsection (k) of section 508 of the Tariff Act of
1930 defines the terms “Panama TPA certification of origin” and “records and supporting
documents.” It then provides that a U.S. exporter or producer that issues a Panama TPA
certification of origin must make, keep, and, if requested pursuant to rules and regulations
promulgated by the Secretary, render for examination and inspection a copy of the certification
and such records and supporting documents. The exporter or producer must keep these records
and supporting documents for five years from the date it issues the certification. Section 508 of
the Tariff Act of 1930 also sets forth penalties for violations of this recordkeeping requirement,
which will appear in renumbered subsection (l).
2. Administrative Action
The rules of origin in Chapter Four of the Agreement are intended to direct the benefits of
customs duty elimination under the Agreement principally to firms producing or manufacturing
goods in Panama and the United States, not third countries. The rules ensure that, in general, a
good is eligible for benefits under the Agreement only if it is: (i) wholly produced or obtained in
the territory of Panama, the United States, or both; or (ii) undergoes substantial processing in the
territory of Panama, the United States, or both.
Section 209 of the bill authorizes the Secretary to prescribe regulations necessary to carry
out the tariff-related provisions of the bill, including the rules of origin and customs user fee
provisions. The Secretary will use this authority in part to promulgate any regulations necessary
to implement the Agreement’s provisions governing claims for preferential treatment. Under
Article 4.15 of the Agreement, an importer may claim preferential treatment for a good based on
either (i) a written or electronic certification by the importer, exporter, or producer, or (ii) the
importer’s knowledge, including through reasonable reliance on information in the importer’s
possession, that the good is originating. A certification need not be in a prescribed format, but
must include the elements set out in Article 4.15.2 of the Agreement. Under Article 4.16 of the
Agreement, an importing Party must grant a claim for preferential tariff treatment made in
accordance with Chapter Four of the Agreement, unless its customs officials issue a written
determination that the claim is invalid as a matter of law or fact.
b. Verification
Under Article 4.20 of the Agreement, customs officials may use a variety of methods to
verify claims that goods imported from the other Party satisfy the Agreement’s rules of origin.
Article 3.21 of the Agreement sets out special procedures for verifying claims that textile or
apparel goods imported from the other Party meet the Agreement’s origin rules. (See item 1.e of
Chapter Three, above.) U.S. officials will carry out verifications under Articles 4.20 and 3.21 of
24
the Agreement pursuant to authorities under current law. For example, section 509 of the Tariff
Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1509) provides authority to examine records and issue summonses to
determine liability for duty and ensure compliance with U.S. customs laws.
1. Implementing Bill
2. Administrative Action
a. Inquiry Point
Article 5.1.2 of the Agreement requires each government to designate an inquiry point for
inquiries from interested persons on customs matters. CBP will serve as the U.S. inquiry point
for this purpose. Consistent with Article 5.1.2, CBP will post information on the Internet at
“www.cbp.gov” on how interested persons can make customs-related inquiries.
b. Advance Rulings
Treasury regulations for advance rulings under Article 5.10 of the Agreement (including
on classification, valuation, origin, and qualification as an originating good) will parallel in most
respects existing regulations in Part 177 of the Customs Regulations for obtaining advance
rulings. For example, a ruling may be relied on provided that the facts and circumstances
represented in the ruling are complete and do not change. The regulations will make provision
for modifications and revocations as well as for delaying the effective date of a modification
where the firm in question has relied on an existing ruling. Advance rulings under the
Agreement will be issued within 150 days of receipt of all information reasonably required to
process the application for the ruling.
1. Implementing Bill
25
2. Administrative Action
1. Implementing Bill
Subtitle A of Title III of the bill implements in U.S. law the safeguard provisions set out
in Chapter Eight of the Agreement. Subtitle C of Title III of the bill implements the global
safeguard provisions set out in Chapter Eight of the Agreement. (As discussed under Chapter
Three, above, Subtitle B of Title III of the bill implements the textile or apparel safeguard
provisions of the Agreement.)
a. Safeguard Measures
Subtitle A of Title III of the bill, sections 311 through 316, authorizes the President, after
an investigation and affirmative determination by the ITC (or a determination that the President
may consider to be an affirmative determination), to suspend duty reductions or impose duties
temporarily up to NTR (MFN) rates on a “Panamanian article” when, as a result of the reduction
or elimination of a duty under the Agreement, the article is being imported into the United States
in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to be a substantial cause of serious
injury or threat of serious injury to a domestic industry that produces a like or directly
competitive good. The standards and procedures set out in these provisions closely parallel the
procedures set forth in sections 201 through 204 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2251 –
2254).
Section 301(1) of the bill defines the term “Panamanian article” to mean a good that
qualifies as an originating good under section 203(b) of the bill.
Section 311 of the bill provides for the filing of petitions with the ITC and for the ITC to
conduct safeguard investigations initiated under Subtitle A. Section 311(a) of the bill provides
that a petition requesting a safeguard action may be filed with the ITC by an entity that is
“representative of an industry.” As under section 202(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, the term
“entity” is defined to include a trade association, firm, certified or recognized union, or a group
of workers.
Section 311(b) of the bill sets out the standard to be used by the ITC in undertaking an
investigation and making a determination in Subtitle A safeguard proceedings.
26
Section 311(c) of the bill makes applicable by reference several provisions of the Trade
Act of 1974. These are the definition of “substantial cause” in section 202(b)(1)(B), the factors
listed in section 202(c) applied in making determinations, the hearing requirement of section
202(b)(3), and the provisions of section 202(i) permitting confidential business information to be
made available under protective order to authorized representatives of parties to a safeguard
investigation.
Section 311(d) of the bill exempts from investigation under this section Panamanian
articles that have previously been the basis for according relief under Subtitle A to a domestic
industry.
Section 312(a) of the bill establishes deadlines for ITC determinations following an
investigation under section 311(b). The ITC must make its injury determination within 120 days
of the date on which it initiates an investigation.
Section 312(b) of the bill makes applicable the provisions of section 330(d) of the Tariff
Act of 1930, which will apply when the ITC Commissioners are equally divided on the question
of injury or remedy.
Under section 312(c) of the bill, if the ITC makes an affirmative determination, or a
determination that the President may consider to be an affirmative determination, under section
312(a) of the bill, it must find and recommend to the President the amount of import relief that is
necessary to remedy or prevent the serious injury and to facilitate the efforts of the domestic
industry to make a positive adjustment to import competition. The relief that the ITC may
recommend is limited to that authorized in section 313(c). Similar to procedures under the
global safeguards provisions in current law, section 312(c) of the bill provides that only those
members of the ITC who agreed to the affirmative determination under section 312(a) may vote
on the recommendation of relief under section 312(c).
Under section 312(d) of the bill, the ITC is required to transmit a report to the President
not later than 30 days after making its injury determination. The ITC’s report must include:
(i) the ITC’s determination(s) under section 312(a) and the reasons supporting the
determination(s); (ii) if the determination under section 312(a) is affirmative or may be
considered to be affirmative by the President, any findings and recommendations for import
relief and an explanation of the basis for each recommendation; and (iii) any dissenting or
separate views of ITC Commissioners. Section 312(e) of the bill requires the ITC to make
public its report promptly and to publish a summary of the report in the Federal Register.
Section 313(a) of the bill directs the President, subject to section 313(b) of the bill, to
take action not later than 30 days after receiving a report from the ITC containing an affirmative
determination or a determination that the President may consider to be an affirmative
determination. The President must provide import relief to the extent that the President
determines is necessary to remedy or prevent the injury the ITC has found and to facilitate the
efforts of the domestic industry to make a positive adjustment to import competition. Under
27
section 313(b), the President is not required to provide import relief if the President determines
that the relief will not provide greater economic and social benefits than costs.
Section 313(c)(1) of the bill sets forth the nature of the relief that the President may
provide. In general, the President may take action in the form of:
an increase in the rate of duty on the articles in question to a level that does not
exceed the lesser of the existing NTR (MFN) rate or the NTR (MFN) rate of duty
imposed on the day before the Agreement entered into force.
Under section 313(c)(2) of the bill, if the relief the President provides has a duration
greater than one year, the relief must be subject to progressive liberalization at regular intervals
over the course of its application.
Section 313(d) of the bill provides that the period for import relief under a Subtitle A
safeguard may not exceed four years in the aggregate. However, if the initial period of import
relief is less than four years, the President may extend the period of import relief (to a maximum
aggregate period of four years) if the President determines that continuation of relief is necessary
to remedy or prevent serious injury and to facilitate adjustment to import competition, and that
there is evidence that the industry is making a positive adjustment to import competition. That
determination must follow an affirmative determination (or a determination that the President
may consider to be an affirmative determination) by the ITC to the same effect.
Section 313(e) of the bill specifies the duty rate to be applied to Panamanian articles after
termination of a safeguard action. On the termination of relief, the rate of duty for the remainder
of the calendar year is to be the rate that was scheduled to have been in effect one year after the
initial provision of import relief. For the rest of the duty phase-out period, the President may set
the duty:
at the rate called for under the Schedule of the United States to Annex 3.3 of the
Agreement; or
in a manner that eliminates the duty in equal annual stages ending on the date set
out in that Schedule.
Section 313(f) of the bill exempts from relief any article that is: (i) subject to import relief
under the global safeguard provisions in U.S. law (chapter 1 of Title II of the Trade Act of 1974);
(ii) subject to import relief under subtitle B of the bill; or (iii) subject to an assessment of
additional duty under subsection (b) of section 202 of the bill.
28
Section 314 of the bill provides that the President’s authority to take action under Subtitle
A expires ten years after the date on which the Agreement enters into force, unless the period for
elimination of duties on a good exceeds ten years. In such case, relief may be provided until the
expiration of the period for elimination of duties.
Section 315 of the bill allows the President to provide trade compensation to Panama, as
required under Article 8.5 of the Agreement, when the United States imposes relief through a
Subtitle A safeguard action. Section 315 provides that for purposes of section 123 of the Trade
Act of 1974, which allows the President to provide compensation for global safeguards, any
relief provided under section 313 of the bill will be treated as an action taken under the global
safeguard provisions of U.S. law (sections 201 through 204 of the Trade Act of 1974).
Section 316 of the bill amends section 202(a) of the Trade Act of 1974 to provide that the
procedures in section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930 with respect to the release of confidential
business information are to apply to Subtitle A safeguard investigations.
The Administration has not provided classified information to the ITC in past safeguard
proceedings and does not expect to provide such information in future proceedings. In the
unlikely event that the Administration provides classified information to the ITC in such
proceedings, that information would be protected from publication in accordance with Executive
Order 12958.
Section 331 of the bill implements the global safeguard provisions of Article 8.6.2 of the
Agreement. It authorizes the President, in granting global import relief under sections 201
through 204 of the Trade Act of 1974, to exclude imports of originating articles from the relief
when certain conditions are present.
Specifically, section 331(a) of the bill provides that if the ITC makes an affirmative
determination, or a determination that the President may consider to be an affirmative
determination, in a global safeguard investigation under section 202(b) of the Trade Act of 1974,
the ITC must find and report to the President whether imports of the article of Panama
considered individually that qualify as originating goods under section 203(b) of the bill are a
substantial cause of serious injury or threat thereof. Under section 331(b) of the bill, if the ITC
makes a negative finding under section 331(a) the President may exclude any imports that are
covered by the ITC’s finding from the global safeguard action.
2. Administrative Action
29
Chapter Nine (Government Procurement)
1. Implementing Bill
Chapter Nine of the Agreement establishes rules that certain government entities, listed in
Annex 9.1 of the Agreement, must follow in procuring goods and services. The Chapter’s rules
will apply whenever these entities undertake procurements valued above thresholds specified in
Annex 9.1.
In order to comply with its obligations under Chapter Nine, the United States must waive
the application of certain federal laws, regulations, procedures, and practices that ordinarily treat
foreign goods and services and suppliers of such goods and services less favorably than U.S.
goods, services, and suppliers. Section 301(a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C.
2511(a)) authorizes the President to waive the application of such laws, regulations, procedures,
and practices with respect to “eligible products” of a foreign country designated under section
301(b) of that Act. By virtue of taking on the procurement-related obligations in Chapter Nine,
Panama is eligible to be designated under section 301(b) of the Trade Agreements Act and will
be so designated.
The term “eligible product” in section 301(a) of the Trade Agreements Act is defined in
section 308(4)(A) of that Act for goods and services of countries and instrumentalities that are
parties to the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement and countries that are parties to the
NAFTA and other recent free trade agreements. Section 401 of the bill amends the definition of
“eligible product” in section 308(4)(A) of the Trade Agreements Act. As amended, section
308(4)(A) will provide that, for Panama, an “eligible product” means a product or service of
Panama that is covered under the Agreement for procurement by the United States. This
amended definition, coupled with the President’s exercise of his authority under section 301(a)
of the Trade Agreements Act, will allow U.S. government entities covered by the Agreement to
purchase products and services from Panama.
2. Administrative Action
As noted above, Annex 9.1 of the Agreement provides that U.S. government entities
subject to Chapter Nine must apply the Chapter’s rules to goods and services from Panama when
they make purchases valued above certain dollar thresholds. USTR will notify the Federal
Acquisition Regulatory Council (“FAR Council”) of the thresholds that pertain to Panama under
the Agreement. The FAR Council will then incorporate those thresholds into the Federal
Acquisition Regulation in accordance with applicable procedures under the Office of Federal
Procurement Policy Act.
Article 9.7.5 of the Agreement clarifies that a procuring entity is not precluded from
preparing, adopting, or applying “technical specifications” to promote the conservation of natural
resources or to require a supplier to comply with generally applicable laws regarding
fundamental principles and rights at work and acceptable conditions of work with respect to
30
minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health, in the territory in which the
good is produced or the service is performed. Thus, for example, a procuring entity is permitted
to require a foreign producer to comply with laws guaranteeing freedom of association and
protecting collective bargaining rights that generally apply in the territory in which the good is
produced, even if that law does not apply to that foreign producer based on its location in an
export processing zone.
Finally, neither this provision nor any other provision of Chapter Nine will affect
application of the Davis-Bacon Act and related acts and regulations (40 U.S.C. 3141 - 48 and 29
C.F.R. 5.1).
1. Implementing Bill
Section 106 of the bill authorizes the United States to use binding arbitration to resolve
claims by investors of Panama under Article 10.16.1(a)(i)(C) or Article 10.16.1(b)(i)(C) of the
Agreement. Those articles concern disputes over certain types of government contracts, and
section 106 of the bill clarifies that the United States consents to the arbitration of such disputes.
No statutory authorization is required for the United States to engage in binding arbitration for
other claims covered by Article 10.16 of the Agreement. Provisions allowing arbitration of
certain contract claims have regularly been included in U.S. bilateral investment treaties over
recent decades, and were included in the free trade agreements with Chile, Singapore, Morocco,
Central America and the Dominican Republic, Oman, and Peru.
2. Administrative Action
31
Chapter Fourteen (Electronic Commerce)
1. Implementing Bill
2. Administrative Action
Article 16.5.3 of the Agreement calls for each government to designate an office to serve
as a contact point with the other country and the public and to assist the Council in carrying out
the Agreement’s Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism. The Department of
Labor’s Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) will serve as the U.S. contact point for this
purpose, and will consult with USTR in carrying out this function.
1. Implementing Bill
32
2. Administrative Action
TITLE V – OFFSETS
Section 501 of the bill amends section 13031 of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1985 to extend from September 1, 2021, until September 30, 2021, the
passenger and conveyance processing fees authorized under that act.
Section 502 of the bill increases the amount of the required installment of estimated tax
otherwise due from a corporation with at least $1 billion in assets in (1) July, August, or
September 2012 by 0.25 percent; and (2) July, August, or September 2016 by 0.25 percent. The
bill reduces the next required installment to reflect the prior increase.
33
STATEMENT ON HOW
THE UNITED STATES – PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT
MAKES PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING U.S. PURPOSES,
POLICIES, OBJECTIVES, AND PRIORITIES
A. INTRODUCTION
The United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (“Agreement”) makes progress
in achieving the applicable purposes, policies, objectives, and priorities of the Bipartisan Trade
Promotion Authority Act of 2002 (“TPA Act”). In addition, the Agreement reflects the May 10,
2007, bipartisan Congressional-Executive agreement on trade. This Statement describes how
and to what extent the Agreement makes progress in achieving the applicable purposes, policies,
objectives, and priorities.
The Agreement represents an historic development in our relations with Panama and
accords with Congress’ goal, as expressed in the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act, to
conclude comprehensive, mutually advantageous free trade agreements with beneficiary
countries of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (“CBI”) trade preference program. Since 1985, our
trade relationship with Panama has been driven by the unilateral trade preferences that the United
States provides through the CBI program. This program has contributed to economic
development and helped to alleviate poverty in Panama. The Agreement will build on the
success of the CBI program. The Agreement will make preferential access to the U.S. market for
Panamanian goods permanent, while providing new opportunities for American workers,
farmers, ranchers, and businesses.
The Agreement will create significant new opportunities by strengthening the rules-based
structure of trade between the United States and Panama and by eliminating barriers to trade with
Panama. As detailed below, approximately 87 percent of U.S. exports of consumer and
industrial goods will become duty-free immediately when the Agreement enters into force. An
additional 5 percent will be duty-free within five years. All remaining tariffs on consumer and
industrial goods will be eliminated within 10 years. In particular, trade in all textile and apparel
goods meeting the Agreement’s origin requirements will become duty-free immediately,
providing new opportunities for U.S. fiber, yarn, fabric, and apparel exporters. Other key sectors
that will benefit from duty elimination under the Agreement are information technology
products, agricultural, construction and industrial equipment, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and
medical and scientific equipment.
More than half of current U.S. farm exports to Panama by volume will become duty-free
immediately when the Agreement takes effect. Tariffs on most remaining U.S. agriculture
products will be phased out over 15 years; however, several agricultural goods will have longer
periods for duty elimination (up to 20 years). U.S. agriculture products that will benefit from
improved market access include pork, beef, wheat, corn, poultry, rice, fruits and vegetables,
processed products, and dairy products. The Agreement addresses duty treatment for imports of
sensitive products into the United States through transition periods and the use of tariff-rate
quotas (“TRQs”).
Panama will substantially reduce barriers to bilateral trade in services and investment.
The Agreement also includes high-standard provisions in such key chapters as intellectual
property rights, electronic commerce, customs and trade facilitation, dispute settlement, and labor
and environmental protection.
The Agreement is a key part of the Administration’s regional and global efforts to open
markets and enable U.S. businesses to sell goods and services around the world. The Agreement
provides the opportunity to strengthen our economic and political ties with Panama, and
underpins U.S. support for democracy and fundamental values, such as respect for internationally
recognized worker rights and the elimination of the worst forms of child labor.
The Agreement makes progress in achieving the applicable purposes, policies, objectives,
and priorities that the Congress spelled out in the TPA Act. Accordingly, the President strongly
believes that the Congress should approve the Agreement and enact the legislation needed to
implement it.
The TPA Act sets out a variety of “overall trade negotiating objectives” that call for
future U.S. trade agreements to: (1) open markets by eliminating or reducing barriers to and
distortions of trade and creating reciprocal market opportunities, in particular for small
businesses; (2) further strengthen international trading disciplines; (3) foster economic growth in
the United States and globally; and (4) promote environmental and worker rights policies in the
context of trade. The Agreement builds on the foundation of existing trade agreements to make
substantial progress in achieving each of these objectives and, in addition, reflects the May 10,
2007, bipartisan Congressional-Executive agreement on trade.
1. Market Opening
The Agreement is comprehensive in scope. Each Party has agreed to liberalize trade in
all goods, and to make significant market openings in services and government procurement.
2
Textiles and Apparel. The Agreement adopts a “yarn forward” origin rule,
meaning that, generally, apparel using yarn and fabric from the United States and
Panama will qualify for preferential tariff treatment. All trade in textile and
apparel goods that satisfy the Agreement’s rules of origin will be duty-free
immediately.
Regarding the reduction or elimination of barriers for small business, in 2008 (latest data
available), U.S. small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) exported $1.7 billion in
merchandise to Panama, representing 36 percent of U.S. merchandise exports to Panama. U.S.
SMEs should benefit from the significant tariff cuts under the Agreement. Eighty-five percent of
U.S. businesses exporting to Panama are SMEs.
3
2. Stronger International Trade Disciplines
The Agreement seeks to ensure that workers and firms can fully realize its market-
opening potential by building on disciplines currently in place through other agreements. Thus,
the Agreement sets out rules to strengthen the protection and enforcement of intellectual property
rights (“IPR”) that clarify and build on those in the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”) and, among other things, implement more
recent World Intellectual Property Organization treaties on the protection of copyright and the
rights of performers and producers.
The U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) analyzed the likely economic impact
of the Agreement. The ITC was unable to provide a quantitative assessment of the economy-
wide effects of the Agreement on the U.S. economy because necessary data was not available.
The ITC was able to quantify the likely impact of the Agreement on specific industry sectors
where sufficient data was available. The ITC also qualitatively assessed the likely impact of the
Agreement. Based on its quantitative and qualitative assessments, the ITC concluded that the
Agreement was likely to have a small, positive impact on the U.S. economy. The ITC noted that
the benefits of the Agreement would likely be small due to the small size of Panama’s economy
relative to that of the United States, Panama’s small share of U.S. trade (about 0.1 percent of
total U.S. goods trade in 2006), and the duty-free access most Panamanian products already
receive in the U.S. market. Formal models, such as the ITC model, however, tend to
underestimate the benefits of trade agreements because their scope is limited (e.g., they fail to
assess the impact of rules changes such as improved IPR protection and group many industries
and products into a limited number of categories for analysis) and because not all the expected
effects of the Agreement are necessarily measured (e.g., they fail to estimate or fully estimate
4
dynamic or intermediate growth gains from trade liberalization). The ITC specifically also did
not reflect the removal of barriers to trade in services. It is clear, therefore, that the Agreement
will produce economic gains beyond those accounted for by the ITC.
Trade agreements can, and should, complement efforts to protect worker rights and
enhance environmental protection. Accordingly, the Agreement includes meaningful
commitments by each country on labor and environmental protection. The set of commitments
included in the Agreement reflects the May 10, 2007, bipartisan Congressional-Executive
agreement on trade.
The Parties will reaffirm through the Agreement their obligations as members of the
International Labor Organization (“ILO”). The Agreement is one of the first U.S. trade
agreements to include a provision requiring each Party to adopt and maintain in its statutes and
regulations, and practices thereunder, fundamental labor rights, as stated in the 1998 ILO
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up, including for
purposes of the Agreement’s Labor Chapter a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor. To
establish a violation of this obligation a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has failed to
comply with its terms in a manner affecting bilateral trade or investment. The Agreement also
provides that neither Party will waive or derogate from the statutes or regulations that implement
this obligation in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.
The Agreement also commits each Party not to fail to effectively enforce its labor laws on
a sustained or recurring basis in a manner affecting bilateral trade or investment. The Labor
Chapter defines “labor laws” to include laws directly related to the labor rights as stated in the
ILO Declaration, laws providing for acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum
wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health, and laws providing labor protections
for children and minors, including a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor. All
obligations set out in the Labor Chapter will be subject to enforcement through the same dispute
settlement procedures and remedies applicable to the Agreement’s commercial obligations. The
Parties will also create a labor cooperation and capacity building mechanism through which they
will work together to enhance opportunities to improve labor standards and to further advance
common commitments regarding labor matters.
The Agreement’s Environment Chapter commits each Party to strive to ensure that its
laws and policies provide for and encourage high levels of environmental protection and to
continue to improve those laws and policies. The Agreement is also one of the first U.S. trade
agreements to require each Party to adopt, maintain, and implement laws, regulations, and all
other measures to fulfill its obligations under listed multilateral environmental agreements
(“covered agreements”) to which both governments are parties. To establish a violation of this
5
obligation a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has failed to comply in a manner
affecting bilateral trade or investment.
The Environment Chapter will also require each Party not to fail to effectively enforce its
environmental laws, and its laws, regulations, and other measures to fulfill its obligations under
the covered agreements, on a sustained or recurring basis in a manner affecting bilateral trade or
investment. The Environment Chapter also provides that neither Party may waive or derogate
from its environmental laws in a manner affecting bilateral trade or investment other than
pursuant to the waiver provisions of those laws. Further, the Chapter contains provisions to
enhance the mutual supportiveness of trade and environmental policies. As is the case for the
Agreement’s Labor Chapter, all obligations under the Environment Chapter will be subject to
enforcement through the same general dispute settlement procedures and remedies as those
applicable to the Agreement’s commercial obligations. The Parties have also negotiated a
separate Environmental Cooperation Agreement to facilitate bilateral cooperation on
environmental matters.
The government procurement chapter clarifies that government agencies may include
technical specifications in their procurements to promote environmental protection. In addition,
the Agreement’s chapter on government procurement clarifies that in procurements subject to the
Agreement, a government agency may adopt technical specifications that require suppliers to
comply with generally applicable laws regarding fundamental principles and rights at work and
acceptable conditions of work in the territory where the suppliers make the product or perform
the service that the agency will purchase.
The TPA Act establishes a variety of “principal trade negotiating objectives.” The
Agreement makes substantial progress toward each of the applicable goals set out in the Act.
Under the Agreement, U.S. exporters will enjoy increased market opportunities and
greater certainty regarding the terms for access to markets in Panama. For example, in addition
to cutting tariffs on agricultural goods, the United States and Panama will work together on
sanitary and phytosanitary (“SPS”) matters, with a view to facilitating bilateral trade, while
appropriately protecting human, animal, and plant life and health. To that end, the Parties will
create a committee to address SPS issues. The Parties will also enhance cooperation on technical
regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures, which will help to prevent
unnecessary technical barriers to trade (“TBT”) that hinder U.S. companies from taking
advantage of the Panamanian market.
6
2. Opening Markets for U.S. Services
The Agreement will create new market opportunities in Panama for a range of key U.S.
services suppliers and will lock in access in sectors where Panama’s services markets are already
open. The Agreement includes a market-opening services framework based in substantial part on
a trade-liberalizing “negative list” approach. This means that all services sectors will be subject
to the Agreement’s rules unless a country negotiated a specific exemption.
The Agreement will either open or lock in existing access to Panama’s services markets
in such priority U.S. services sectors as financial services, telecommunications, computer and
related services, distribution services, professional services, advertising, audiovisual services,
education and training, tourism, construction and engineering, energy services, and
environmental services. The Agreement’s market-opening provisions are complemented by
high-standard rules governing regulatory transparency – rules that are especially important given
the highly regulated nature of many services industries.
Under the Agreement, Panama will enhance access for U.S. suppliers in another key
services market – express delivery. The Agreement includes a comprehensive definition of
express delivery services that requires Panama to provide national treatment, normal trade
relations (most-favored-nation) ((“NTR”)(“MFN”)) treatment, and additional market access to
U.S. express delivery service suppliers. The Agreement also addresses the issue of postal
monopolies directing revenues derived from monopoly postal services to confer an advantage on
express delivery services.
The Agreement commits Panama to provide a strong and predictable legal framework for
U.S. investors. Investments covered by the Agreement will include companies, real estate,
intellectual property rights, concessions, permits, and certain debt instruments in Panama. With
limited exceptions, the Agreement will give U.S. investors the opportunity to establish, acquire,
and operate investments in Panama on the same basis as Panama’s own investors or other foreign
investors. Under the Agreement, the United States will continue to provide Panamanian
investors a high level of protection and due process, but, consistent with TPA negotiating
objectives, the Agreement does not require the United States to give Panamanian investors
greater substantive rights than U.S. companies already enjoy in the United States.
Under the Agreement, Panama will provide U.S. investors substantive protections and
due process rights that are consistent with U.S. legal principles and practice. For example, the
Agreement includes protection against denials of justice in accordance with the principle of due
process embodied in the principal legal systems of the world. The expropriation provisions of
the Agreement draw heavily from principles developed in U.S. law, including takings law under
the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Panama may expropriate an investment only for a
7
public purpose and only if it acts in a non-discriminatory manner, affords an affected investor
due process, and pays prompt, adequate, and effective compensation. The Agreement also
clarifies that expropriation claims are limited to property rights, not other types of interests, and
incorporates tests used by the U.S. Supreme Court to determine whether a regulatory taking has
occurred. The expropriation provisions also recognize that, as has been the case in U.S. practice,
nondiscriminatory regulatory actions designed and applied to protect legitimate public welfare
objectives only rarely constitute an expropriation.
The Agreement will also prohibit Panama from burdening investors with protectionist
“performance requirements” – such as rules requiring investors to buy local products – and will
ensure that Panama allows U.S. investors to transfer funds related to their investments into and
out of Panama.
The Agreement establishes a dispute settlement mechanism that will allow an investor
from one Party who invests in the other Party to pursue a damages claim under the Agreement
against the host government through binding international arbitration. The investor may assert
that the government has breached a substantive obligation of the Investment Chapter or that it has
breached an investment agreement with, or an investment authorization granted to, the investor
or its investment. Key provisions afford public access to information on investor-State dispute
settlement proceedings. For example, the Agreement will require the Parties to make key
documents available to the public and to open arbitral hearings to the public, with limited
exceptions for business and other legally confidential information. The Agreement also
authorizes arbitral tribunals to accept amicus submissions from the public. In addition, the
Agreement includes provisions, based on those used in U.S. courts, to dispose quickly of
frivolous claims.
Finally, the Agreement calls on the Parties, within three years after the Agreement enters
into force, to consider whether to establish an appellate body or similar mechanism to review
arbitral awards rendered by tribunals under the Investment Chapter.
The Agreement clarifies and builds on existing international standards for the protection
and enforcement of intellectual property rights, with an emphasis on new and emerging
technologies. Implementation of the Agreement ensures that Panama will provide a high level of
IPR protection, similar to that provided under U.S. law. Key provisions of the Agreement, such
as those on preventing circumvention of anti-piracy devices and establishing the scope of liability
for copying works on the Internet, are modeled after U.S. statutes.
8
Under the Agreement, Panama must accede to certain international Internet treaties and
extend its term of protection for copyrighted works. Under the Agreement, Panama will also
enhance the rights of copyright owners over digital copies of their works. Each Party must
require that its government agencies use only legitimate computer software, thus setting a
positive example for private users. To prevent piracy of satellite television broadcasts, Panama
must protect program-carrying encrypted satellite signals as well as the programming those
signals carry.
Under the Agreement, Panama commits to make patent rights available for inventions,
with certain exceptions. Panama also commits to make best efforts to process patent applications
and marketing approval applications expeditiously. With respect to most products, Panama must
provide adjustments to the patent term to compensate for unreasonable delays that occur while
granting a patent; Panama may also make such adjustments available with respect to
pharmaceutical products that are subject to unreasonable delays in the issuance of a patent or in
the granting of marketing approval. In addition, Panama commits to protect test data and other
information that pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical companies submit to government
regulators in order to secure regulatory approval for their patented products. Panama will protect
information generated in connection with pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical product
approvals for specific periods of time – normally five years for pharmaceuticals and ten years for
agricultural chemicals. When relying on the previous approval of a pharmaceutical product in
the United States, and upon meeting certain other conditions for expeditious approval, the period
of protection for test and other data in Panama will be counted from the date of approval of that
product in the United States.
These standards of protection for intellectual property rights are made more meaningful
through requirements for tough enforcement measures and remedies to combat piracy and
counterfeiting, including procedures in civil cases for seizure and destruction of pirated and
counterfeit products, and the equipment used to produce these products. Panama also commits to
ensure that its judicial authorities are empowered to issue remedies, including imprisonment and
deterrent level sentences. Panama must also authorize its enforcement officials to act on their
own against counterfeit and pirated goods, either by stopping them at the border or initiating
criminal cases, without receiving a formal complaint from right holders, thus providing more
effective enforcement against these products.
The text of the Agreement includes an understanding regarding public health and
reaffirms the commitment of the Parties to the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and
Public Health.
5. Transparency
9
Agreement includes provisions that will ensure that Panama observes fundamental principles of
regulatory transparency. Those provisions are set out in a specific Chapter of the Agreement
dealing with regulatory transparency as well as in provisions of the Agreement addressing
customs administration, TBT, government procurement, investment, cross-border trade in
services, financial services, telecommunications, and dispute settlement. The Agreement’s
principal transparency rules are based on U.S. practice under the Administrative Procedures Act.
6. Regulatory Practices
The Agreement addresses regulatory issues directly linked to the Agreement’s market-
opening provisions. This includes specific provisions in almost all Chapters, including those on
customs administration, SPS, TBT, government procurement, cross-border trade in services, and
telecommunications. In addition, the Agreement includes commitments on transparency, rights
of appeal of administrative decisions, and access to information.
7. Electronic Commerce
Under the Agreement, the Parties must apply the principles of national treatment and
NTR (MFN) treatment to trade in electronically transmitted digital products (e.g., computer
programs, video, images, and sound recordings). The Agreement includes rules prohibiting
duties on electronically transmitted digital products and limiting duties on digital products stored
on a carrier medium to a duty based on the value of the carrier medium alone. In so doing, the
Agreement will create a strong foundation for wider efforts to bar duties and discriminatory
treatment of digital products. The Agreement also includes provisions relating to the
authentication of electronic transactions, online consumer protection, and the acceptance of
electronically transmitted documents.
As described above, the Agreement will cut Panamanian tariffs on U.S. agricultural
products, with immediate duty-free access across a wide variety of U.S. farm and ranch products.
The Agreement includes several provisions designed to eliminate barriers to trade in agricultural
10
products, while providing reasonable adjustment periods, TRQs, and other mechanisms for
producers of import-sensitive agricultural goods. In addition, the United States and Panama have
committed to work together toward a multilateral agreement in the WTO to eliminate agricultural
export subsidies and prevent their reintroduction in any form.
Under the Agreement, each Party will eliminate export subsidies on agricultural goods
destined for the other Party. If a third country subsidizes exports to a Party, the other Party may
initiate consultations with the importing Party to develop measures the importing Party may
adopt to counteract such subsidies. If the importing Party agrees to such measures, the exporting
Party must refrain from applying export subsidies to its exports of the good to the importing
Party. If the importing Party does not agree to such measures, the exporting Party may provide
an export subsidy on its exports of the good to the importing Party, but only to the extent
necessary to counteract the trade-distorting effect of the subsidized imports from the third
country.
The Agreement also includes a safeguard procedure for certain agricultural goods to aid
domestic industries that face imports above a specified quantitative threshold for such goods.
As described earlier, the Agreement is one of the first U.S. trade agreements to include a
commitment by each Party to implement in its law and practice the fundamental labor rights as
stated in the ILO Declaration, reflecting a key element of the May 10, 2007, bipartisan
Congressional-Executive agreement on trade. Moreover, the Agreement’s Labor Chapter
includes a commitment by each country not to fail to effectively enforce its labor laws, including
its laws embodying fundamental labor rights as stated in the ILO Declaration, through a sustained
or recurring course of action or inaction in a manner affecting bilateral trade or investment. In
addition, all of the Agreement’s labor obligations will be enforceable through the same dispute
settlement procedures and remedies that apply to the Agreement’s commercial obligations. The
United States and Panama also will commit to cooperate on labor issues, in part through the
Labor Cooperation and Capacity Building Mechanism described in an annex to the Labor
Chapter.
The Agreement is also one of the first U.S. trade agreements to call for each Party to
adopt, maintain, and implement laws, regulations, and all other measures to fulfill its obligations
under certain multilateral environmental agreements (“MEAs”) to which both governments are
parties. Similar to a provision in the Agreement’s Labor Chapter, a key component of the
Agreement’s environmental provisions is a commitment by each Party that it will not fail to
effectively enforce its environmental laws and its measures to fulfill its obligations under the
specified MEAs through a sustained or recurring course of action or inaction in a manner
affecting bilateral trade or investment. The Agreement will also prohibit each Party from
waiving or otherwise derogating from its environmental laws in a manner affecting bilateral trade
11
or investment other than pursuant to the waiver provisions of those laws. Each of the obligations
set out in the Agreement’s Environment Chapter will be enforceable through the same dispute
settlement procedures and remedies as those available to enforce the Agreement’s commercial
obligations.
In addition, the Agreement includes a public submissions mechanism that will allow
persons of a Party to raise concerns about a Party’s enforcement of its environmental laws. The
Parties will designate an independent secretariat to receive and consider such submissions and, in
appropriate cases, the secretariat will develop a factual record related to the submission for
consideration by the Agreement’s Environmental Affairs Council. The Agreement also
recognizes that the Parties negotiated an Environmental Cooperation Agreement under which
they will engage in priority cooperation activities.
The Agreement includes detailed procedures for settling disputes that may arise between
the Parties over its implementation. The Agreement’s dispute settlement remedies and
procedures will be available for all of its enforceable obligations, including the Agreement’s
commercial, environmental, and labor provisions.
If a panel finds that a Party has violated an obligation under the Agreement, the Parties
must seek to agree on a resolution to the dispute. If the Parties cannot agree on a resolution, they
must try to agree on acceptable trade compensation. If they cannot agree on compensation, or if
the complaining Party believes the defending Party has failed to implement an agreed resolution,
the complaining Party may provide notice that it intends to suspend trade benefits equivalent in
effect to those impaired as a result of the disputed measure. The complaining Party cannot
suspend benefits, however, if the defending Party provides notice that it will pay an annual
monetary assessment to the other Party. The Parties must seek to agree on the amount of the
assessment. If they cannot, the assessment will be set at 50 percent of the level of trade
concessions the complaining Party is authorized to suspend. This mechanism meets the TPA Act
objectives of encouraging the provision of trade-expanding compensation as well as the
imposition of penalties to encourage compliance.
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11. Trade Remedies
The Agreement includes a safeguard procedure, similar to the procedures in other U.S.
trade agreements, which will be available to aid domestic industries, in the unlikely event that an
industry sustains or is threatened with serious injury due to increased imports resulting from the
reduction or elimination of U.S. import duties under the Agreement. The Agreement also
includes a special safeguard mechanism to address the possibility that duty reduction or
elimination under the Agreement could result in damaging levels of textile or apparel imports.
The Agreement will not affect U.S. rights to take safeguard actions under section 201 of
the Trade Act of 1974, which implements the WTO Agreement on Safeguards and Article XIX
of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. Under the Agreement, the President may,
but will not be required to, exempt imports of goods of Panama from a WTO safeguard measure,
if the goods are not a substantial cause of serious injury or threat thereof.
The Agreement also provides that each country will retain its rights and obligations under
the WTO agreements relating to antidumping and countervailing duties. Thus, the Agreement
will not affect U.S. rights and obligations regarding these trade remedies as they currently exist
under the WTO. The United States agreed to maintain an advantage currently afforded to
imports from Panama as a result of its status as a beneficiary country under the Caribbean Basin
Economic Recovery Act (“CBERA”). Specifically, the United States agreed to continue to treat
Panama as a CBERA beneficiary country for purposes of Sections 771(7)(G)(ii)(III) and
771(7)(H) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(7)(G)(ii)(III) and 1677(7)(H)), which
preclude the ITC from aggregating (or “cumulating”) imports from CBERA beneficiary countries
with imports from non-beneficiary countries in determining in antidumping and countervailing
duty investigations whether imports of a particular product from such beneficiary countries are
injuring or threaten to injure a U.S. industry.
The TPA Act also calls for the President to promote certain priorities to address and
maintain U.S. competitiveness in the global economy. The Agreement makes progress in
promoting each of these priorities.
1. Labor Cooperation
The United States and Panama are members of the ILO and have a longstanding
cooperative relationship on labor issues. During the negotiations, government labor experts from
the two countries consulted on their labor laws and how their respective systems operate. The
Agreement includes a labor cooperation and capacity building mechanism to enhance
opportunities to improve labor standards, including the principles embodied in the ILO
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up and ILO
13
Convention 182 Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the
Worst Forms of Child Labour. The Agreement will establish a framework for the labor
cooperation and capacity building mechanism, including a range of possible labor cooperation
activities. Officials of the U.S. Department of Labor and Panama’s labor ministry and other
appropriate agencies will serve as contact points under the Agreement and participate in this
mechanism.
The Agreement fully takes into account critical U.S. domestic policy objectives, such as
the need to maintain flexibility in addressing U.S. national security and public health, safety, and
consumer interests. The Agreement will include a broad set of general policy exceptions for
measures governing trade in both goods and services to ensure that the United States remains
fully free to safeguard the national and public interest, including specific exceptions for national
security, public health and morals, conservation, taxation, and protection of confidential
information. Consistent with the May 10, 2007, bipartisan Congressional-Executive agreement
on trade, the Agreement includes language clarifying that an arbitral tribunal or panel must apply
the Agreement’s “essential security” exception if a Party invokes it in a proceeding. The
Agreement also avoids disturbing existing state and local governmental measures by including
“grandfather” clauses that will exempt those measures from challenge under the Agreement.
Section 2102(c)(12) of the TPA Act states that “[i]n order to address and maintain United
States competitiveness in the global economy, the President shall … seek to establish
14
consultative mechanisms among parties to trade agreements to examine the trade consequences
of significant and unanticipated currency movements and to scrutinize whether a foreign
government engaged in a pattern of manipulating its currency to promote a competitive
advantage in international trade.”
The Investment, Cross-Border Trade in Services, and Financial Services Chapters of the
Agreement will promote and protect the freer international movement of capital and
consequently make it more difficult to manipulate exchange rates to achieve levels inconsistent
with levels set by market forces.
The currency movements mentioned in section 2102(c)(12) can arise from many
conditions, particularly from macroeconomic developments, macroeconomic policy changes, or
the appearance of new information on fundamental economic conditions. The determination of
whether any such movement reflects currency manipulation to promote a competitive advantage
in international trade must therefore take into account a broad range of issues, institutions, and
market developments, which will require a review mechanism with a larger scope than any
specific trade agreement.
The Secretary of the Treasury, under the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of
1988 (22 U.S.C. 5304, 5305, and 5306), provides semiannual reports on the international
economic and exchange rate policies of the major trading partners of the United States after
having consulted with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and with the
International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) management and staff. These reports consider whether
countries manipulate the rate of exchange between their currency and the United States dollar for
purposes of preventing effective balance of payments adjustments or gaining an unfair
competitive advantage in international trade. Each member of the IMF is obligated, under
Article IV of the IMF Articles of Agreement, to avoid manipulation of exchange rates for such
purposes.
In its analysis of exchange rate policies of foreign countries and in consultations with the
IMF concerning these policies, the Department of the Treasury will ensure that currency
movements mentioned in section 2102(c)(12) are examined. The Department of the Treasury
will seek to resolve problems of currencies that are considered to be manipulated in the sense of
section 2102(c)(12) through discussions with the foreign authorities responsible for foreign
exchange rate policies.
5. Reporting Requirements
As required under the TPA Act, the Administration has provided a report to the Congress
describing Panama’s laws governing exploitative child labor. In addition, the Administration has
reported to the appropriate Congressional committees as required under the TPA Act on: (1) the
Administration’s environmental review of the Agreement; and (2) its review of the Agreement’s
15
impact on U.S. employment. The Administration has also provided a labor rights report on
Panama, which will be made available to the public. Finally, the Administration has reported, as
specified in the TPA Act, on U.S. efforts to establish consultative mechanisms to strengthen
Panama’s capacity to promote respect for core labor standards and to develop and implement
standards for the protection of the environment and human health based on science.
16
STATEMENT OF WHY THE UNITED STATES-PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION
AGREEMENT IS IN THE INTERESTS OF U.S. COMMERCE
INTRODUCTION
The United States initiated trade agreement negotiations with Panama in April 2004. These
negotiations were completed on December 19, 2006, and the U.S.-Panama TPA was signed on
June 28, 2007. Panama approved the U.S-Panama TPA on July 11, 2007.
Panama is an economy with growing commercial and investment ties to the United States.
Between 2006 and 2010, U.S. exports of merchandise to Panama grew 128 percent, from $2.7
billion in 2006 to $6.1 billion in 2010, far outperforming overall U.S. merchandise export
growth, which was 25 percent for the same period. The market access and other trade disciplines
provided by the Agreement offer an opportunity to further expand U.S. exports to a region that is
already seeing high export growth rates. In 2010, United States - Panama total goods trade
amounted to $6.4 billion, with the United States registering a sizable goods trade surplus with
Panama of $5.7 billion.
The United States is already the leading source of Panama’s imports with a 28-percent market
share in 2010. U.S. products and services enjoy a reputation in Panama for offering excellent
quality at highly competitive prices. This combination provides U.S. exporters with a distinct
edge, one that will be enhanced under the tariff-elimination provisions of the U.S.-Panama TPA.
Just as bilateral trade is poised to grow under the U.S.-Panama TPA, so is U.S. investment in the
Panamanian market. The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Panama in 2009 (latest
data available) was approximately $7.8 billion, in such areas as non-bank holding companies,
financial services and institutions, insurance, and wholesale trade.
Panama is one of the fastest-growing economies in the Western Hemisphere, with a GDP that
grew 8 percent on average in the years 2006-2010. In 2010, Panama’s per capita GDP was
$7,593, a 9-percent increase over 2009. Compared to its Central American neighbors, Panama
has relatively small agricultural and textile manufacturing sectors. Panama’s dollarized economy
offers low inflation and zero foreign exchange risk.
Panama has demonstrated a commitment to steady economic growth, democratic principles, and
close cooperation with the United States on security and law enforcement. With the U.S.-
Panama TPA, Panama will offer an even more stable investment climate, more reliable access to
international arbitration if disputes do arise, and a vibrant market for U.S. exports for years to
come.
The U.S.-Panama TPA will level the playing field for U.S. exports to Panama. In 2010, 98
percent of imports from Panama into the United States entered duty-free under the CBI and GSP
trade preference programs, or under zero Normal Trade Relations/Most Favored Nation
(NTR/MFN) tariffs. The CBI and GSP programs have been effective in expanding and
enhancing the U.S.-Panama commercial relationship, providing the U.S. government a vehicle
2
through which to address concerns, as well as encouraging economic growth in Panama.
However, the CBI and GSP programs do not offer U.S. exporters equivalent access to Panama’s
market. The U.S.-Panama TPA will level the playing field and enhance competition because it
moves the U.S.-Panama commercial relationship beyond one-way preferences to full partnership
and reciprocal commitments.
In addition, U.S. products currently face a competitive disadvantage because Panama has been
actively negotiating trade agreements with other countries. Panama has implemented trade
agreements with Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Taiwan, and
Singapore, and is either negotiating or considering agreements with Colombia, South Korea,
India, and Peru. Panama also concluded negotiations of an agreement with Canada in May 2010
and initialed an agreement with the European Union on March 22, 2011. Canadian and
European exports of machinery and transportation equipment for the Panama Canal expansion
will have a serious advantage over U.S. supplies in the absence of the U.S.-Panama TPA.
The U.S.-Panama TPA is a key part of the Administration’s regional and global efforts to open
markets and enable U.S. businesses to sell goods and services around the world. It signals that
Panama is ready to join the United States, Mexico, Canada, Chile, Central America, the
Dominican Republic, and Peru as trade leaders in the hemisphere. As Panama’s stake in the
trading system expands, the United States will look for new opportunities to work with Panama
in multilateral fora such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). The common disciplines and
trade objectives developed through the U.S.-Panama TPA will enhance our ability to forge
consensus on the global trading level.
Supporting Trade Security, Law Enforcement, Democracy, Economic Reform and Regional
Integration
The U.S.-Panama TPA will promote further cooperation between the United States and Panama
on a number of important regional issues such as trade security, law enforcement, economic
development, and support for democracy. As testament to our close cooperation, for example, in
2007, Panama and the United States executed a bilateral Container Security Initiative (CSI)
agreement aimed at enhancing the safety and security of container traffic between our two
countries.
The U.S.-Panama TPA commits Panama to adopt more open and transparent procedures that
should deepen the roots of civil society and rule of law in the region, as well as reinforce market
reforms. These reforms, coupled with increased trade and investment flows, should promote
expanded growth and openness in the region, as well as support common efforts to achieve
stronger labor and environmental protection.
3
U.S. SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: KEY EXPORTERS TO
PANAMA
U.S. SMEs particularly benefit from the elimination of tariffs under our trade agreements, and
should benefit from the significant tariff cuts under the U.S.-Panama TPA.
U.S. SMEs are already taking advantage of U.S. efforts to open markets throughout the
world. In 2008, SMEs represented 96 percent of the companies exporting to our NAFTA
partners.
SMEs represented a majority of U.S. exporting companies to our other trade agreement
partners in 2008, including Australia (91 percent), Singapore (89 percent), Chile (86
percent), and Morocco (75 percent).
U.S. SMEs represented at least 80 percent of all U.S. exporters to the individual
Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement partner countries (Costa
Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) in
2008.
Based on 2010 trade flows, 87 percent of U.S. exports of consumer and industrial products to
Panama will be duty-free immediately upon entry into force of the Agreement, with remaining
tariffs on these products phased out over ten years. Within each of the following key industrial
sectors, almost all products will gain immediate duty-free access to the Panamanian market:
information communications and telecommunications equipment; agricultural and construction
equipment; aircraft and parts; medical and scientific equipment; environmental products;
pharmaceuticals; fertilizers; and agro-chemicals. Key U.S. agriculture exports such as high
quality beef, other meat and poultry products, soybeans, most fresh fruit and nuts, distilled spirits
and still table wine, and many processed food products, will also receive immediate duty-free
treatment.
4
Best Prospects for Increased Market Growth for Non-Textile Industrial Goods
Nearly all U.S. exports of information and Average Panamanian Tariffs on Imports of
communications techologies will be duty-free Industrial Goods from the United States
upon entry into force of the Agreement.
Despite applied tariffs that average about 7.5 Information Technology Equipment 7.5%
percent and range up to 15 percent, U.S. Construction Equipment 6.5%
Metals and Ores 7.2%
exports of information technology products
Infrastructure and Machinery 4.7%
were $499 million in 2010, accounting for 22 Transportation Equipment 13.5%
percent of total U.S. exports to Panama. With Autos and Auto parts 12.7%
the immediate removal of most tariffs, U.S. Medical Equipment 7.9%
exports will become much more competitive Paper and Paper Products 7.3%
and affordable to Panamanians. Consumer Goods 10.9%
All U.S. exports of construction equipment and over 96 percent of infrastructure and machinery
products will be duty-free immediately upon entry into force of the Agreement. Construction
equipment and infrastructure and machinery products currently face tariffs as high as 10 percent
and 15 percent respectively. These tariff reductions will improve the access of U.S. equipment
manufacturers to the Panamanian market, especially during the bidding processes for the Panama
Canal expansion project and other infrastructure projects. U.S. exports of these products to
Panama totaled nearly $280 million in 2010.
Panama’s commitment to grow its tourism industry, coupled with major infrastructure projects
such as the Panama Canal expansion and growing investment in the logistics and construction
sectors, will continue to fuel demand for specialized machinery. In addition to the massive
Canal development, other commercial opportunities include extensive highway and airport
development, port and terminal expansion, and construction of the Panama Metro.
Chemicals accounted for over 12.2 percent of U.S. industrial exports to Panama in 2010, totaling
$272 million. Panamanian applied tariffs range between zero and 15 percent with an average of
3 percent. Almost 80 percent of U.S. chemical exports will receive duty-free treatment
immediately upon entry into force of the Agreement. The remaining tariffs will be eliminated
over five and ten years. The best prospects for U.S. exports in this sector include fertilizer,
plastics, perfume, and polyethylene. One hundred percent of U.S. pharmaceutical exports, 100
percent of fertilizer and agro-chemicals exports, 77 percent of cosmetics exports, and 79 percent
of plastics exports will benefit from duty-free treatment immediately upon entry into force of the
Agreement.
5
Autos and Auto Parts
Seventy-eight percent of U.S. exports of motor vehicles and 96 percent of auto parts will receive
duty-free treatment immediately upon entry into force of the Agreement, with the remaining
duties phased out over five and ten years. Automotive products accounted for 3.4 percent of
U.S. industrial exports to Panama in 2010, totaling $77 million. The top U.S. exports to Panama
in this sector were shock absorbers, fuel pumps, suspension systems, and passenger motor
vehicles. Panama’s applied tariffs range between zero and 20 percent with an average tariff of
12.7 percent.
Remanufactured Equipment
Under the Agreement, U.S. remanufacturers of many products, such as engines, radiators, and
alternators for construction equipment and transportation machinery, will be able to sell high-
quality remanufactured equipment in Panama without being subject to unjustified prohibitions
and restrictions. Remanufacturing is a labor-intensive activity that allows the recycling of
discarded or used ―cores,‖ which are normally the heaviest basic parts, such as an engine or
radiator. The industry employs tens of thousands of U.S. workers. Under the U.S.-Panama TPA,
most remanufactured products will have no tariffs, while tariffs on the remaining products will
be phased out over ten years. This will be an excellent opportunity for U.S. exporters of
remanufactured equipment, including computers, cellular telephones, construction and medical
equipment, and auto parts.
Medical Equipment
Ninety percent of U.S. medical equipment exports to Panama will receive duty-free access
immediately upon entry into force of the Agreement. Duties on the remaining 10 percent of U.S.
medical equipment products, including orthopedic and fracture appliances and medical furniture,
will be phased out over ten years. Medical equipment exports to Panama in 2010 totaled nearly
$42 million. The top U.S. exports in this sector included surgical instruments, diagnostic
equipment, lab reagents, and medical appliances. Panamanian applied tariffs range between zero
and 15 percent, with an average of 7.9 percent.
Ninety-one percent of U.S. exports of electrical and electronic equipment will receive duty-free
treatment immediately upon implementation of the Agreement, with the remaining duties phased
out over five and ten years. Electrical and electronic equipment accounted for 1.54 percent of
U.S. industrial exports to Panama in 2010, totaling $56 million. The top U.S. exports in this
sector were generators, electronic engines, optical media, switches, and transformers. Demand
for electrical equipment will likely continue to rise as the Panamanian Government develops new
power generation projects to meet the growing demand for electricity and to avoid possible
energy shortages in the future. Panama’s applied tariffs on electrical and electronic equipment
range between zero and 15 percent with an average of 9.1 percent.
6
Environmental Products
Ninety-six percent of U.S. environmental products exports will receive duty-free treatment
immediately upon implementation of the Agreement. Duties on the few remaining products will
be phased out over ten years. Environmental products accounted for 4.3 percent of U.S
industrial exports to Panama in 2010, totaling $93 million. The top U.S. exports in this sector
included water filtration equipment, regulators, compressors, and electricity meters. Panama’s
applied tariffs on environmental goods
range from zero to 15 percent, with an Key U.S.-Panama TPA Procurement Provisions
average of 6.3 percent. The expected
demand for environmental products and U.S. firms are guaranteed non-discriminatory
access and a fair and transparent process to sell
services for such projects as the Panama
goods and services to major Panamanian
Bay clean-up project will offer many government enterprises, including the Panama
opportunities for U.S. companies. Canal Authority.
The Agreement covers purchases of Panamanian central government entities, including all key
ministries, and significant government enterprises, in particular, the Panama Canal Authority.
Panama also agreed to cover its regional governments. Governments are typically the single
largest purchasing entity in any market. Government procurement is generally 10 percent to 15
percent of a country’s GDP. As Panama’s total GDP in 2010 was $27 billion, total government
7
procurement is estimated to be between $2.7 billion and $4.0 billion (not counting the multi-
billion dollar expansion of the Panama Canal). The U.S.-Panama TPA requires the use of fair
and transparent procurement procedures, and the availability of timely and effective domestic
review procedures to address complaints about the award of tenders.
The U.S.-Panama TPA clarifies that build-operate-transfer contracts (BOTs) are within the scope
of the government procurement obligations in the Agreement. BOTs act as financing vehicles
for large-scale construction projects and the building or rehabilitation of public work facilities.
AGRICULTURE
Panama is already an important market for America’s farmers and ranchers. In 2010, the United
States exported over $450 million of agricultural products to Panama. Top U.S. exports were
corn, soybean cake and meal, wheat, rice, and horticultural products. With the Panama TPA in
place, agricultural trade between the United States and Panama will change from a one-way
street to a two-way street. Under the Caribbean Basin Initiative, more than 99 percent of
Panama’s agricultural exports enter the U.S. market duty free. Less than 40 percent of U.S.
agricultural exports currently enjoy duty-free access to the Panamanian market.
Panama’s average applied tariff rate on agricultural products is 15 percent, but many key U.S.
agricultural exports face much higher rates. Tariffs on meat can be as high as 70 percent, the
tariff on rice is 90 percent, and Panama’s tariff on chicken leg quarters is 260 percent. The U.S.-
Panama TPA is comprehensive, covering all agricultural products. Approximately 50 percent of
current U.S. agricultural exports will enter Panama duty-free immediately upon entry into force
of the Agreement, with most remaining tariffs phased out within 15 years. Moreover, the two
countries have already implemented a far-reaching agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary
(SPS) measures and technical standards that eliminated long-standing regulatory barriers faced
by a variety of U.S. products in Panama’s market.
Panama’s applied tariffs on pork range from 10 to 70 percent. Panama’s tariffs on pork variety
meats will be eliminated immediately upon entry into force of the Agreement and its duties on
some processed pork items within 5 years. The Agreement establishes preferential duty-free
8
tariff rate quotas (TRQs) for 2,554 metric tons of pork products, including 1,600 metric tons of
fresh and frozen pork cuts, 636 metric tons of pork fat and bacon, and 318 metric tons of
processed pork. The quotas will grow annually by 6 percent (compounded) or more each year,
and over-quota tariffs will be eliminated in 15 years. Tariffs on all other pork products will be
eliminated within 12 years.
Panama’s applied tariffs on poultry range from 5 to 260 percent. Tariffs will be eliminated
immediately on frozen whole turkeys, most frozen turkey cuts, and mechanically de-boned
chicken. Tariffs will be eliminated within 5 years on chicken wings and other turkey meat, as
well as processed chicken and turkey. The Agreement establishes a duty-free TRQ for U.S.
chicken leg quarters that starts at an initial volume of 660 metric tons and grows each year by a
10 percent compound rate. The over-quota tariff will be eliminated in 18 years. Tariffs on all
other poultry products will be eliminated within 15 years or less.
In addition, Panama has already implemented a December 2006 bilateral agreement on SPS
measures and technical barriers to trade. Panama implemented this agreement in February 2007,
thereby recognizing the equivalence of the U.S. meat and poultry inspection system. This allows
U.S. inspectors to certify meat and poultry producers who export to Panama without having each
facility inspected by Panama’s authorities. Panama also brought its sanitary requirements on
imports of beef and beef products and poultry and poultry products into conformity with
international standards (including those on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and avian
influenza), thereby re-opening its market to these products. Finally, Panama formalized its
continued recognition of the U.S. beef grading system and cuts nomenclature.
Dairy Products
Panama’s applied tariffs on dairy products range from zero to 155 percent. Under the
Agreement, Panama’s tariffs on whey products will be eliminated immediately. In addition, U.S.
exporters will have access to nine product-specific dairy TRQs with a combined total of 3,986
metric tons. All of the dairy TRQs provide a specific amount of duty-free access, growing at 4 to
5 percent, compounded annually, over a transition period. Panama has agreed to establish TRQs
for key products, including 2,625 metric tons of skim milk powder, 364 metric tons of cheddar
cheese, 364 metric tons of other cheese, and 263 metric tons of ice cream. The over-quota tariffs
on these dairy products will be phased out in 15 to 17 years. Panama will phase out tariffs on all
other dairy products within 15 years or less.
Grains
Panama’s applied tariffs on grains range from zero to 90 percent. Under the Agreement, Panama
will immediately lock in its current applied duty-free treatment for U.S. wheat and barley, while
its tariffs on sorghum and wheat flour will be eliminated in 5 and 12 years, respectively. For
corn, Panama will establish a 298,700 metric ton duty-free TRQ for U.S. exports that will grow
at a rate of 3 percent, compounded annually. The over-quota tariff will be eliminated in 15
years. For rice, Panama will establish two TRQs for U.S. exports totaling 12,190 metric tons,
including 7,950 metric tons of rough rice and 4,240 metric tons of milled rice. These rice TRQs
will grow by 6 percent, compounded annually, and will be phased out in 20 years. In addition,
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Panama has committed to increase the size of these preferential TRQs when it has a short supply
situation, as has occurred in recent years.
Panama’s applied tariffs on oilseeds and oilseed products range from zero to 30 percent. Tariffs
on all of these products will be eliminated within 15 years or less. Panama will provide duty-free
treatment for U.S. exports of soybeans, soybean meal, and crude vegetable oils immediately.
The tariff on refined soybean oil will be phased out within 15 years. For refined corn oil,
Panama will establish a duty-free preferential TRQ that will start at 368 metric tons and grow by
5 percent, compounded annually, for 10 years, when the over-quota tariff will be eliminated.
Panama’s applied tariffs on fruits, nuts, and vegetable products range from zero to 81 percent.
Under the Agreement, tariffs will be immediately eliminated on nearly 400 (80 percent) of these
tariff lines, while 37 tariff lines will receive duty-free treatment within 5 years. Products that
will receive immediate duty-free treatment include: almonds, apples, cherries, grapes, oranges,
peaches, pears, plums, prunes, raisins, walnuts, watermelons, peas, lentils, dried beans other than
kidney beans, potato chips, mushrooms, sweet corn, apple juice, orange juice, and tomato juice.
Panama will also provide immediate duty-free access through TRQs for frozen French fries,
dried kidney beans, tomato paste, and fresh onions and potatoes.
Processed Foods
Panama’s applied tariffs on processed products range from zero to 50 percent. Tariffs will be
eliminated immediately on 78 processed food tariff lines, and an additional 16 lines will be duty
free in 5 years. Products that will immediately receive duty-free treatment include chocolate
confectionary, sweetened cocoa powder, miscellaneous food preparations, infant formula, soups,
and some breakfast cereal and sugar confectionary products. Retail dog and cat food and tomato
sauces will receive duty-free treatment in 5 years. Pasta, corn snacks, mayonnaise, ketchup,
salsa, mineral water, other non-carbonated beverages, some beers, frozen pastries, and other
baker’s wares will receive duty-free treatment in 10 years. Wheat flour and cookies will receive
duty-free treatment in 11 years. Sugar confectionery, stuffed pasta, crackers, carbonated
beverages, and other beers will receive duty-free treatment in 12 years. In addition, Panama has
already streamlined import documentation requirements, including its product registration
system, for processed foods.
SERVICES
With the implementation of the U.S.-Panama TPA, U.S. service providers will gain improved
access to Panama’s market, and benefit from improved regulatory transparency. Panama made
substantial commitments to liberalize its services trade. For example, Panama agreed to open its
telecommunications and financial services sectors to U.S. companies, lift restrictions on
investment in retail trade, provide improved access in sectors such as express delivery services,
ensure a predictable legal framework for investment, including in Canal expansion projects, and
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provide new access in professional services that previously had been reserved exclusively for
Panamanian nationals. These commitments significantly improve upon Panama’s WTO
commitments and establish a solid market for exports of U.S. services and investment in most
sectors.
The services sector accounts for the majority of private sector jobs in the United States—over 89
million U.S. jobs in 2010, or roughly 83 percent of total non-farm employment. U.S. services
exports are a vital part of this picture, and U.S. exports continue to grow. In 2010, services
exports of nearly $546 billion accounted for 30 percent of total U.S. exports, generating a
services trade surplus of $151 billion. In addition, in recent years foreign affiliate trade in
services has been approximately twice that of cross-border services.
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technology applications. The potential for new investments in telecommunications and
information systems as a result of the U.S.-Panama TPA would dramatically improve access to
information technology, benefiting all ―e-service‖ providers.
Panama’s sectoral coverage in the U.S.-Panama TPA is significantly broader than the
commitments Panama undertook in the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
As with our other trade agreements, the Agreement uses a ―negative list‖ approach in sectoral
coverage, i.e., every sector is covered unless an exception is listed in an annex of non-
conforming measures.
U.S. service providers should immediately benefit from U.S.-Panama TPA commitments in a
number of key areas. Some examples are provided below.
Financial Services
With the entry into force of the Agreement, Panama will further open its dynamic financial
services sector to U.S. providers. Panama will allow U.S. providers full rights to establish
subsidiaries or branches for banks or insurance providers, enabling them to provide credit to
underserved areas, potentially increasing competition and thereby reducing financing costs and
making credit more readily available to Panama’s consumers.
U.S.-based firms will be able to supply insurance on a cross-border basis, including through
electronic means, for key markets including reinsurance, brokerage, marine, aviation (within two
years after the Agreement enters into force), and transport insurance. U.S.-based banking and
other non-insurance firms will be able to offer services cross-border in areas such as provision,
transfer, and processing of financial data and information; related software; and the provision of
advisory and other auxiliary financial services, excluding intermediation.
U.S.-based asset managers, including insurance companies, will be able to provide investment
advice and other portfolio management services to mutual funds and pension funds, including the
funds that manage the portfolios of collective investment schemes established in Panama.
Advertising
Panama will provide full market access and national treatment for advertising, an improvement
over Panama’s limited commitments under the GATS.
Panama will provide broad coverage for construction services. In addition, improved regulatory
regimes and strong investment environments will stimulate growth opportunities for construction
consultants and engineers. This is an improvement over the GATS, where Panama made only a
limited commitment for engineering services largely based on reciprocal treatment.
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Distribution Services, Including Retail and Wholesale Services, Direct Marketing, and Direct
Selling
Some retailers will benefit from the removal of barriers that inhibit the movement of products
among manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Intellectual property rights
provisions will ensure that the concept brands of the franchise companies are protected.
Retailers working with transportation, telecommunications, financial, computer, and other
service providers should be able to improve and streamline the supply chain to better serve
consumers in the United States and throughout the hemisphere. Direct marketers should benefit
from improved wireless telecommunication services and Internet service that are likely to result
from the U.S.-Panama TPA, and from Panama’s commitments to open specific services sectors
that are important to direct marketers, such as travel and tourism.
Franchising
In addition to full market access for franchising, other commitments that Panama made under the
Agreement will benefit U.S. franchisers. For example, provisions on trademarks will protect the
franchiser name, and tariff liberalization will allow the lower-cost import of key equipment
needed to supply the franchisee.
Panama made commitments in the Agreement that will improve market access for U.S. films and
television programs over a variety of media including cable, satellite, and the Internet. This
market opening is in stark contrast with the GATS, where Panama made no commitments in this
area. Additionally, the Agreement provides state-of-the-art intellectual property rights
protection, and mandates that each Party criminalize the willfully unauthorized receipt or
distribution of encrypted satellite signals, thus preventing piracy of satellite television
programming. The Agreement also requires non-discriminatory treatment for digital products,
such as U.S. software, music, text, and videos.
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Energy Services
Panama will assume extensive obligations on regulatory transparency and investment, providing
a framework that can yield opportunities for U.S. energy services firms, and facilitate the
provision of energy services between the United States and Panama.
Panama will provide full market access with no exceptions to the information services sector, a
major improvement over the GATS where Panama made no commitments. The U.S.-Panama
TPA covers all modes of delivery of information services, including electronic delivery, such as
the Internet. The ―negative list‖ approach also ensures that rapidly evolving computer services,
driven by continual advances in technology, will be covered by commitments contained in the
Agreement. Without such an approach, computer- and related-services definitions and
commitments could quickly become obsolete as new services are introduced.
The U.S.-Panama TPA will grant new access in professional services that previously had been
reserved exclusively for Panamanian nationals. Liberalization in such sectors as banking,
investment, and financial services will offer increased opportunities for professional service
providers. In addition, the Cross-Border Trade in Services chapter includes obligations intended
to ensure that administrative decisions related to licensing are transparent and fair. The Services
chapter also encourages appropriate bodies in Panama and the United States to work together to
develop mutually acceptable standards and criteria for licensing, certification, and mutual
recognition of professional service suppliers.
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INVESTMENT
The U.S.-Panama TPA establishes a secure and predictable legal framework for U.S. investors in
Panama. The Agreement’s
commitments improve transparency, Key Investment Provisions
reduce barriers to investment, and
improve the dispute settlement process, • Establishes a stable legal framework for
addressing key concerns about the U.S. investors operating in Panama.
investment climate in Panama. Foreign
• Protects all forms of investment, including
investment can contribute significantly
enterprises, debt, concessions, contracts, and
to the economic development and intellectual property.
stability of Panama. Increased foreign
investment in Panama will greatly • Gives U.S. investors, with limited
improve the development of efficient, exceptions, the right to establish, acquire,
reliable systems for power generation, and operate investments in Panama on an
water, sewage, transportation, and equal footing with local investors, and with
telecommunications. investors of other countries.
Panama is actively seeking foreign • Provides U.S. investors in Panama the same
investment in nearly all sectors of the substantive protections foreign investors
enjoy in the United States.
economy. The $5.25 billion Panama
Canal expansion project is one of the • Backs investor rights by effective, impartial
government’s highest priorities. The dispute settlement procedures.
project is due to be completed in 2014
and primarily entails the construction of
a ―third lane‖ of traffic along the Canal and a new set of locks. These developments will double
the Canal’s capacity, allowing more traffic and wider ships to transit the Canal.
In addition, the Panamanian Government’s 2010-2014 National Strategic Plan sets forth $5
billion of additional significant transportation infrastructure investment projects. Among the
major initiatives cited in the 5-year plan are the construction of the Panama Metro, introduction
of the Metro Bus in Panama City, construction/widening/repair of 128 different highways
throughout the country, expansion of Tocumen International Airport as a tourism and cargo hub,
and the expansion or establishment of a series of airports outside of Panama City. The
government is also planning to build an interconnection for electricity transmission between
Colombia and Panama to create a regional market, as well as license a significant wind-power
project and double hydroelectric capacity. The government’s pro-investment policies, coupled
with the more secure and predictable legal framework that the U.S.-Panama TPA will establish,
should improve the investment climate in Panama.
The U.S.-Panama TPA includes an effective, impartial, and transparent investor-state dispute
settlement mechanism, which provides investors with the option of seeking recourse through
binding international arbitration.
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
The U.S.-Panama TPA requires high levels of intellectual property protection, consistent with
U.S. standards of protection and emerging international standards, and will support the growth of
trade in digital and other intellectual
property-based products. Key Intellectual Property Facts
Although Panama has made great strides Protection for copyrighted works
in modernizing intellectual property • Copyright-based industries are among the fastest
laws, gaps remain in existing domestic growing and most productive of any sector of the
legislation and in adherence to the full U.S. economy. They employ new workers in higher-
range of international treaties. Effective paying jobs at over three times the rate of the rest of
enforcement of its intellectual property the economy; create new revenue at over two times
laws continues to be a challenge. U.S. that rate; and contribute close to $90 billion to the
industry is particularly concerned with U.S. economy each year through foreign sales and
the levels of pirated and counterfeit exports. The industries’ principal barrier to trade is
goods that are transshipped through the the lack of effective protection and enforcement of
intellectual property rights.
Colon Free Zone to other parts of the
world. Panama’s decision to modernize
Stronger protections for patents
the Colon Free Zone’s record-keeping by
• Innovation has historically been a driving force in
adopting an electronic system was an U.S. industry. Competitive advantage based on
important, positive effort to improve innovation needs to be protected and defended. U.S.
intellectual property protection. companies need access to legal tools in all markets
Implementation of the commitments across the globe.
made under the U.S.-Panama TPA will
reinforce Panama’s national efforts to Tough penalties for piracy and counterfeiting
strengthen intellectual property law • The strong, deterrent criminal penalties against
enforcement. Like our other trade piracy and trademark counterfeiting required by the
agreements, this Agreement takes into U.S.-Panama TPA will benefit industry by providing
account significant legal and for efficient and effective protection of American
technological developments that have intellectual property rights.
taken place since the TRIPS Agreement
and the NAFTA were negotiated. The Industry Trade Advisory Committee on Intellectual
Property Rights’ report to the U.S. Trade Representative on the U.S.-Panama TPA notes, ―…the
fact that Panama found it in its own interest to significantly increase its levels of IPR protection
beyond that required by TRIPS is testament to the principle that high levels of protection benefit
indigenous creators and inventors in the same manner as they do in developed countries.‖
Copyright
The U.S.-Panama TPA includes many important provisions for combating piracy, benefiting
U.S. copyright industries. One of the most important provisions is the prohibition on the
circumvention of technological protection measures (TPMs) that authors, performers, and
producers of phonograms use in the exercise of their rights to prohibit or restrict unauthorized
acts (e.g., unauthorized access to a work or illegal copying). Defined and limited exceptions to
the circumvention of TPMs will provide further certainty to right-holders while also
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accommodating the legitimate needs of users of copyrighted content. This prohibition on
circumvention of TPMs is an important tool for addressing the challenges presented in the digital
environment.
The protection of encrypted program-carrying satellite signals was included as a direct response
to the concerns of U.S. broadcasters and content providers. Panama has also committed to
mandating that central government agencies use computer software only as authorized by the
right-holder and to actively regulate the acquisition and management of the software, a high
priority for the U.S. software industry. In addition to the needs addressed by industry-specific
challenges, Panama will extend protection for copyrighted works consistent with U.S. law and
emerging international standards.
The Agreement provides robust patent and test data protection, while respecting the Doha
Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health. Under the Agreement, Panama will clarify and limit
the grounds for revoking a patent. Recognizing the significant investments made by
pharmaceutical and agro-chemical companies in compiling test data submitted in connection
with marketing approval, test and prior data submitted to the government for the purpose of
product approval will normally be protected from unfair commercial use for a period of 5 years
from product approval for new pharmaceutical products and for a period of 10 years from
product approval for new agricultural chemical products. If Panama relies on the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration’s approval of a given drug and certain other conditions are met, the period
of data protection will begin on the date of product approval in the United States. Panama also
committed to undertake all reasonable efforts to extend patent protection to plants. Additionally,
Panama has committed to putting in place procedures and remedies for the expeditious
adjudication of disputes concerning the validity or infringement of a pharmaceutical patent, and
to ensure that patent holders have sufficient time and opportunity to seek available remedies
prior to the marketing of allegedly infringing products.
The U.S.-Panama TPA contains a number of elements that will strengthen Panama’s protection
of trademarks. Panama will develop, to the maximum degree practical, an online system for
registration and maintenance of trademarks. The Agreement applies the principle of ―first-in-
time, first-in-right‖ to trademarks and geographical indications, so that the first person who
acquires a right to a trademark or geographical indication will be the person who has the right to
use it exclusively. Under the Agreement, Panama will also develop a system to resolve disputes
concerning trademarks and Internet domain names, which is important to prevent ―cyber-
squatting‖ with respect to high-value domain names.
As in other recent trade agreements, the U.S.-Panama TPA contains an obligation to publicize
information on efforts to provide effective enforcement of intellectual property rights. Final
judicial decisions or administrative rulings of general applicability pertaining to the enforcement
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of intellectual property rights must be in writing and must state any relevant findings of fact and
the reasoning or the legal basis on which the decisions or rulings are based.
Enforcement
The U.S.-Panama TPA includes measures that should facilitate enforcement of these enhanced
intellectual property protections, improving the enforcement environment in Panama and
responding to industry concerns regarding the transshipment of pirated and counterfeit goods
through the Colon Free Zone. One strengthened enforcement procedure is the authorization of
seizure, forfeiture, and destruction of counterfeit and pirated goods and the equipment used to
produce them. The Agreement establishes a framework for determining damages and establishes
a system of statutory or ―pre-established‖ damages, allowing the right-holder to elect between
statutory damages and the often difficult task of proving actual damages. The Agreement also
mandates that courts must have the authority to order the infringer and third parties to identify
accomplices, suppliers, and others involved in the infringement at the risk of sanctions for failure
to do so.
TEXTILES
The provisions of the U.S.-Panama TPA were crafted to promote increased trade in textiles and
apparel. U.S. shipments of textiles and apparel to Panama have increased nearly three-fold since
2002, from $18.7 million to $50 million in 2010.
Yarn forward rule of origin – The U.S.-Panama TPA provides for a ―yarn-forward‖ rule
of origin, meaning that qualifying textile and apparel products must be made using U.S.
or Panamanian yarns and fabrics, thereby supporting U.S. fabric and yarn exports and
jobs. Goods that meet this rule of origin qualify for immediate duty-free market access
upon entry into force of the Agreement.
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from third countries and used in the production of apparel qualifying for duty-free
treatment.
The U.S.-Panama TPA establishes rules that are designed to encourage predictability and
efficiency in the administration of customs procedures. The specific and cutting-edge customs
obligations will significantly increase the gains for Panamanian and U.S. exporters once the
Agreement’s chapter on Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation is fully implemented.
Comprehensive rules of origin. Rules of origin will ensure that only originating U.S. and
Panamanian goods receive preferential tariff treatment. Rules are designed to be clear and
easy to administer.
Heightened Predictability. The Agreement will allow exporters to obtain advance rulings on
tariff classification, origin of goods, and other customs matters. This important provision
will provide increased predictability and certainty to exporters, importers, and customs
administrators, which will decrease delays at the port of entry. The advance rulings will also
address the existing problem of varying interpretations of product classification.
Greater Accountability. Under the Agreement, companies will be guaranteed to have access
to both administrative and judicial review of customs decisions.
Improved Procedures for Express Delivery Shipments. The demand for express-delivery
services is increasing rapidly as a result of the growth of electronic commerce, the
globalization of business, and rising demand by manufacturers for outsourced logistic
services. The Agreement addresses that demand by requiring that, within one year after the
date the Agreement takes effect, Panama provide a separate, expedited customs procedure for
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express shipments. The Agreement obligates Panama, under normal circumstances, to clear
express shipments from the port within six hours of submission of all necessary documents
and with no maximum weight or value limitations.
Greater Customs Efficiency through Information Technology. The Agreement promotes the
use of information technology, including the electronic submission of information and
automated release of goods. This will help expedite the release of goods, thereby saving
companies time and money.
Customs Cooperation and Information Sharing. The United States and Panama agreed to
share information to combat illegal transshipment of goods. Panama will maintain its
existing program for monitoring free trade zones and will provide U.S. Customs officials
with information to address any concerns of transshipment. Both countries commit to
cooperate in undertaking enforcement actions and verifications of claims of origin for textile
and apparel goods.
CONCLUSION
Approving and implementing the United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement is in the
best interest of U.S. commerce and a ―win-win‖ accord for both countries. The comprehensive
Agreement not only eliminates tariffs, but also reduces barriers for services, provides for cutting-
edge protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, keeps pace with new
technologies, promotes regulatory transparency, and requires enforcement of domestic labor and
environmental laws. Once the U.S.-Panama TPA is in effect, doing business with Panama will
be easier, faster, and more transparent. The Agreement also promotes economic development for
a vital U.S. ally, fostering new opportunities for the people of Panama as they continue to make
admirable strides toward economic prosperity.
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THE UNITED STATES – PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT
This summary briefly describes key provisions of the United States – Panama Trade Promotion
Agreement (“Agreement”) that the United States has concluded with Panama and represents an
authoritative expression of Administration views regarding the interpretation of the Agreement
both for purposes of U.S. international obligations and domestic law.
Preamble
The Preamble to the Agreement provides the Parties’ underlying objectives in entering into the
Agreement and provides context for the provisions that follow. It includes the following
statement:
“AGREE that foreign investors are not hereby accorded greater substantive rights with respect
to investment protections than domestic investors under domestic law where, as in the United
States, protections of investor rights under domestic law equal or exceed those set forth in this
Agreement”.
This statement clarifies that, as stated in the Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002,
under the Agreement foreign investors in the United States are not to be accorded greater
substantive rights with respect to investment protections than United States investors in the
United States.
Chapter One sets out provisions establishing a free trade area and affirming the Parties’ existing
rights and obligations with respect to each other under the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing
the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other agreements to which they are party.
The Agreement does not change the provisions of any agreement the United States has
previously negotiated with Panama. Article 1.3.2 of the Agreement suspends Articles VII and
VIII of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama
Concerning the Treatment and Protection of Investments, with Annex and Agreed Minutes,
signed at Washington on October 27, 1982 (the “Treaty”) concerning investor-to-state and state-
to-state dispute settlement, respectively. However, Article 1.3.3 of the Agreement preserves, for
ten years, the option of invoking dispute settlement under the Treaty with respect to investments
covered by the Treaty as of the date of entry into force of the Agreement and in the case of
disputes that arose prior to the date of entry into force of the Agreement. Article 1.3.3 also
preserves investor-to-state dispute settlement under the Treaty with respect to disputes arising on
or after the date of entry into force of the Agreement out of an investment agreement that was in
effect before the date of entry into force of the Agreement. If the Agreement terminates, the
dispute settlement provisions of the Treaty will automatically resume operation.
Chapter Three and its relevant annexes and appendices set out the Agreement’s principal rules
governing trade in goods. It requires each Party to treat products from the other Party in a non-
discriminatory manner, provides for the phase-out and elimination of tariffs on “originating”
goods (as defined in Chapter Four (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures)) traded between the
Parties, and requires the elimination of a wide variety of non-tariff trade barriers that restrict or
distort trade flows.
Tariff Elimination. Chapter Three provides for the elimination of customs duties on originating
goods traded between the Parties. Duties on most tariff lines covering industrial and consumer
goods will be eliminated as soon as the Agreement enters into force. Duties on other goods,
including all industrial goods, will be phased out over periods of up to ten years. Some
agricultural goods will have longer periods for elimination of duties or be subject to other
provisions, including, in some cases, the application of preferential tariff-rate quotas (TRQs).
The General Notes to each Party’s Schedule to Annex 3.3 include detailed provisions on staging
of tariff reductions and application of TRQs for certain agricultural goods. The Chapter provides
that the Parties may agree to speed up tariff phase-outs on a product-by-product basis after the
Agreement takes effect.
Waiver of Customs Duties. The Parties may not adopt new duty waivers or expand existing duty
waivers conditioned on the fulfillment of a performance requirement. Chapter Three defines the
term “performance requirements” so as not to restrict a Party’s ability to provide duty drawback
on goods imported from the other Party.
Temporary Admission. The Parties agreed to provide duty-free temporary admission for certain
products. Such items include professional equipment, goods for display or demonstration, and
commercial samples. The Chapter also includes specific provisions on transit of vehicles and
containers used in international traffic.
Import/Export Restrictions, Fees, and Formalities. The Agreement clarifies that restrictions
prohibited under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994) and this
Agreement include export and import price requirements (except under antidumping and
countervailing duty orders and undertakings) and import licensing conditioned on the fulfillment
of a performance requirement. In addition, a Party must limit all fees and charges imposed on or
in connection with importation or exportation to the approximate cost of services rendered. The
United States agreed not to apply its merchandise processing fee on imports of originating goods.
Panama agreed not to require a person of the United States to have or maintain a relationship
with a “dealer” as a condition for allowing the importation of a good. Panama also agreed not to
prohibit or restrict the importation of any good of the United States as a remedy for a violation or
alleged violation of any law, regulation, or other measure relating to the relationship between a
“dealer” in its territory and a person of the United States.
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Distinctive Products. Panama will recognize Bourbon Whiskey and Tennessee Whiskey as
“distinctive products” of the United States, meaning Panama will not permit the sale of any
product as Bourbon Whiskey or Tennessee Whiskey unless it was manufactured in the United
States in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Committee on Trade in Goods. Chapter Three also establishes a Committee on Trade in Goods
to consider matters arising under Chapters Three, Four (Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures),
and Five (Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation). The functions of the Committee are
to (i) promote trade in goods between the Parties, (ii) address barriers to trade in goods between
the Parties, and (iii) provide advice and recommendations on trade capacity building with respect
to matters those chapters cover.
Agriculture
TRQs. Chapter Three requires each government to administer TRQs in a manner that is
transparent, non-discriminatory, responsive to market conditions, and minimally burdensome on
trade. The Parties must make every effort to administer TRQs in a manner that allows importers
to fully utilize import quotas. In addition, the Chapter provides that Parties may not condition
application for, or utilization of, import licenses or quota allocations on the re-export of an
agricultural good.
Export Subsidies. Each Party will eliminate export subsidies on agricultural goods destined for
the other Party. Under Article 3.15, neither Party may introduce or maintain an export subsidy
on agricultural goods destined for the other Party unless the exporting Party believes that a third
country is subsidizing its exports to the other Party. In such a case, the exporting Party may
initiate consultations with the importing Party to develop measures the importing Party may
adopt to counteract such subsidies. If the importing Party agrees to such measures, the exporting
Party must refrain from applying export subsidies to its exports of the good to the importing
Party.
Safeguards. Chapter Three sets out a transitional agricultural safeguard mechanism that allows a
Party to impose a temporary additional duty on specified agricultural products if imports exceed
an established volume “trigger.” The safeguard measure will remain in force until the end of the
calendar year in which the measure applies. A Party may not apply an agricultural safeguard on
a good after the date that the good is subject to duty-free treatment under the Party’s Schedule to
Annex 3.3 of the Agreement.
A Party may not apply an agricultural safeguard measure to a good while the good is subject to a
safeguard measure under (i) Chapter Eight (Trade Remedies), or (ii) Article XIX of the GATT
1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. All agricultural safeguard measures must be
applied and maintained in a transparent manner, and the Party applying such a measure must, on
request, consult with the other Party concerning the application of the measure.
Neither Party may impose safeguard duties pursuant to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture on
originating goods.
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Sugar. The United States agreed to establish three TRQs on sugar goods of Panama. These
three TRQs cover, respectively: (i) raw sugar, (ii) specialty sugar, and (iii) raw sugar, refined
sugar, and certain sugar-containing products. The duty-free quantity under the TRQ on raw
sugar starts at 6,060 metric tons and increases by 60 metric tons annually through year ten, after
which the duty-free quantity will remain at 6,600 metric tons. The duty-free quantity under the
TRQ on specialty sugar is 500 metric tons per year (with no annual increases). The duty-free
quantity under the TRQ on raw sugar, refined sugar, and certain sugar-containing products will
be limited in each year to the lesser of (i) the duty-free quantity set out in the agreement for that
year (505 metric tons in year one, increasing by five metric tons annually), or (ii) Panama’s trade
surplus in specific sugar goods. Panama’s “trade surplus” is the amount by which Panama’s
exports of specified sugar and sweetener goods to all destinations exceed its imports of these
goods from all sources, except that Panama’s exports of sugar to the United States and its
imports of high fructose corn syrup from the United States are not included in the calculation of
its trade surplus.
In contrast to how it will treat other commodities subject to TRQs, the United States will not
eliminate its over-quota duty on imports of goods that the three TRQs cover. The Agreement
also includes a mechanism that allows the United States in any year, at its option, to provide
some form of alternative compensation to Panamanian exporters in place of duty-free imports
under the three TRQs on sugar goods.
Ethanol. The United States agreed to continue to treat Panama as a beneficiary country under
the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) preference program with respect to ethanol imports.
Accordingly, Panama will continue to share in the duty-free quota that the United States makes
available to CBI beneficiary countries.
Additional Provisions. Chapter Three provides for the creation of a Committee on Agricultural
Trade. The Committee will be established within 90 days after the date the Agreement enters
into force and will provide a forum for promoting cooperation in the implementation and
administration of the Agreement, as well as for consultations on matters related to the
agricultural provisions of the Agreement. The Chapter also provides for the establishment of an
Agriculture Review Commission. The Commission will be established 14 years after the
Agreement enters into force and will review the implementation and operation of the Agreement
as it relates to trade in agricultural goods, including whether to extend the agricultural safeguard
mechanism.
Tariff Elimination. Chapter Three provides for duties on all originating textile or apparel goods
to be eliminated on the date the Agreement enters into force.
Safeguards. The Chapter also establishes a transitional safeguard procedure for textile and
apparel goods, under which an importing Party may temporarily impose additional duties up to
the level of the normal trade relations (most-favored-nation) (NTR(MFN)) duty rates on imports
of textile or apparel goods that cause, or threaten to cause, serious damage to a domestic industry
as a result of the elimination or reduction of duties under the Agreement. A Party may not
4
impose a textile safeguard measure more than once on the same textile or apparel good. The
measure may not be in place for more than three years. The ability to impose or maintain textile
safeguards lapses five years after the Agreement enters into force. A Party may not apply a
textile safeguard measure to a good while the good is subject to a safeguard measure under
(i) Chapter Eight (Trade Remedies), or (ii) Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the WTO
Agreement on Safeguards.
A Party imposing a textile safeguard measure under Chapter Three must provide the exporting
Party with mutually agreed compensation in the form of trade concessions for textile or apparel
goods that have a value substantially equivalent to the increased duties resulting from application
of the safeguard measure. If the Parties cannot agree on compensation, the exporting Party may
raise duties on any goods from the importing Party in an amount that has a value substantially
equivalent to the increased duties resulting from application of the safeguard measure.
Rules of Origin and Related Matters. A textile or apparel good will generally qualify as an
“originating” good eligible to receive preferential treatment under the Agreement only if all
processing from the yarn stage to the final product (e.g., yarn-spinning, fabric production,
cutting, and assembly) takes place in the United States, Panama, or both, or if there is an
applicable change in tariff classification under the specific rules of origin contained in Annex 4.1
of the Agreement.
Chapter Three sets out special rules for determining whether a textile or apparel good is an
“originating” good, including a de minimis exception for non-originating yarns or fibers, a
process for designating inputs not available in commercial quantities, a rule for treatment of sets,
an exception for use of certain nylon filament yarn, and consultation provisions.
The de minimis rule applies to goods that ordinarily would not be considered originating goods
because certain of their fibers or yarns do not undergo an applicable change in tariff
classification. Under the rule, the Parties will consider a good to be “originating” if those fibers
or yarns constitute ten percent or less of the total weight of the component of the good that
determines origin. This special rule does not apply to goods containing elastomeric yarns in the
component of the good that determines the classification.
Annex 3.25 of the Agreement sets out a list of fabrics, yarns, and fibers that the Parties have
determined are not available in commercial quantities in a timely manner from producers in the
United States and Panama. A textile or apparel good that includes the fabrics, yarns, or fibers
included in this list will be treated as if it is “originating” for purposes of the specific rules of
origin in Annex 4.1 of the Agreement, regardless of the actual origin of those inputs. Chapter
Three establishes procedures under which the United States will determine whether additional
fabrics, yarns, or fibers are not available in commercial quantities in the United States and
Panama. The United States may also remove a fabric, yarn, or fiber from the list if it determines
that the fabric, yarn, or fiber has become available in commercial quantities.
Customs Cooperation. Chapter Three commits the Parties to cooperate in enforcing their laws
related to trade in textile and apparel goods, to ensure the accuracy of claims of origin, and to
prevent circumvention of the Parties’ laws or agreements relating to trade in textile and apparel
5
goods. The Chapter also provides that, under certain circumstances, the exporting Party must
conduct a verification to determine whether a claim of origin is accurate, or to determine
compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and procedures. A verification may include visits to
the premises of the exporter or producer of the goods in question. If there is insufficient
information to make the relevant determination, or if an enterprise provides incorrect
information, the importing Party may take appropriate action, which may include denying
application of preferential tariff treatment or denying entry to the goods in question. Further,
either Party may convene consultations to resolve technical or interpretive issues arising with
respect to customs cooperation or may request technical assistance from the other Party in
implementing the Chapter’s customs cooperation provisions.
Additional Provisions. Chapter Three provides for duty-free treatment for goods that the United
States and Panama agree qualify as handmade, hand-loomed, or traditional folklore goods. The
United States agreed to provide duty-free treatment for certain (i) Guayabera-style dresses and
shirts that are cut and sewn or otherwise assembled in Panama or the United States; and (ii)
socks that are sewn or otherwise assembled in Panama with U.S. thread from components knit-
to-shape in the United States from U.S. yarn. The United States also agreed that goods
assembled in Panama from U.S. components with U.S. thread that do not qualify as “originating”
goods will be subject to NTR (MFN) duties on only the value of the assembled good minus the
value of U.S. components used in the good.
To benefit from various trade preferences provided under the Agreement, including reduced
duties, a good must qualify as an “originating” good under the provisions set out in Chapter Four
and Annex 4.1 (Specific Rules of Origin). These rules ensure that preferential tariff treatment
and other benefits of the Agreement accrue primarily to firms or individuals that produce or
manufacture goods in the Parties’ territories.
Key Concepts. Chapter Four provides general criteria under which a good may qualify as
“originating”:
When the good is wholly obtained or produced entirely in Panama, the United
States, or both countries (e.g., crops harvested or minerals extracted in the United
States); or
When the good is produced entirely in Panama, the United States, or both
countries and: (i) is manufactured or assembled from non-originating materials
that undergo a specified change in tariff classification in Panama, the United
States, or both countries; or (ii) meets any applicable “regional value content”
requirement (see below); and (iii) satisfies all other requirements of Chapter Four,
including Annex 4.1; or
When the good is produced entirely in Panama, the United States, or both
countries, exclusively from “originating” materials.
6
De Minimis. Even if a good does not undergo a specified change in tariff classification, it will be
treated as an originating good if the value of non-originating materials that do not undergo the
required tariff shift does not exceed ten percent of the adjusted value of the good, and the good
otherwise meets the criteria of the Chapter. This de minimis exception does not apply to certain
agricultural and textile goods.
Regional Value Content. Some origin rules under the Agreement require that certain goods meet
a regional value content test in order to qualify as an “originating” good, meaning that a
specified percentage of the value of the good must be attributable to originating materials. In
general, the Agreement provides two methods for calculating that percentage: (i) the “build-
down method” (based on the value of non-originating materials used); and (ii) the “build-up
method” (based on the value of originating materials used). The regional value content of certain
automotive goods, however, may be calculated on the basis of the net cost of the good. Finally,
accessories, spare parts, and tools delivered with a good are considered part of the material
making up the good so long as these items are not separately classified or invoiced and their
quantities and values are customary. The de minimis rule does not apply in calculating regional
value content.
Claims for Preferential Tariff Treatment. Under the Chapter, importers may make a claim for
preferential tariff treatment based on: (i) a certification issued by the importer, exporter, or
producer, or (ii) the importer’s knowledge that the good is an originating good. Each Party may
require an importer making a claim for preferential tariff treatment to: declare in its importation
document that the good is an originating good; have in its possession a certification at the time
the claim is made (if a certification forms the basis of the claim); provide a copy of the
certification, on request, to the Party’s customs authority (if a certification forms the basis of the
claim); and demonstrate, on request of the customs authority, that the good is an originating good
under the Chapter. A Party may only deny preferential tariff treatment through a written
determination that the claim is invalid as a matter of law or fact. The Chapter establishes a
procedure for filing claims for preferential tariff treatment for up to one year after a good is
imported and for seeking a refund of any excess duties paid. Chapter Four also provides that a
Party will not penalize an importer if the importer promptly and voluntarily corrects an incorrect
claim and pays any duties owed.
Verification. Each Party must ensure that its customs authority is empowered to conduct
verifications for purposes of determining whether a good is an originating good. Where an
importing Party determines through a verification that an importer, exporter, or producer has
engaged in a pattern of conduct in providing false or unsupported statements, declarations, or
certifications that a good is an originating good, the Party may suspend preferential tariff
treatment to identical goods from that importer, exporter, or producer until the importing Party
determines that the importer, exporter, or producer is in compliance with the rules set out in the
Chapter.
Additional Rules. Chapter Four provides specific rules with respect to the treatment of
(i) packing materials and containers; (ii) indirect materials; (iii) fungible goods; and (iv) sets of
goods for purposes of determining origin. The Chapter provides that a Party may not treat a
7
good as an originating good if it undergoes production or any other operation in a third country
other than unloading, reloading, or any other operation necessary to preserve the good in good
condition or to transport the good to the territory of a Party, or if the good is shipped through a
third country and does not remain under the control of customs authorities in that country.
Chapter Five establishes rules designed to encourage transparency, predictability, and efficiency
in the operation of each Party’s customs procedures and to provide for cooperation between the
Parties on customs matters.
General Principles. Chapter Five commits each Party to observe certain transparency
obligations. Each Party must promptly publish its customs measures, including on the Internet,
and, where possible, solicit public comments before amending its customs regulations. Each
Party must also provide written advance rulings, on request, to its importers and to exporters and
producers of the other Party, regarding whether a product qualifies as an “originating” good
under the Agreement, as well as on other customs matters. In addition, each Party must
guarantee importers access to both administrative and judicial review of customs decisions. The
Parties must adopt or maintain procedures to release goods from customs promptly and
expeditiously clear express shipments. After the Agreement enters into force Panama will have
one year to comply with the Chapter’s rules on express shipments; two years to comply with
certain of the Chapter’s transparency obligations and its requirement to provide advance rulings;
and three years to comply with its obligations to adopt electronic processing and risk
management systems.
Cooperation. Chapter Five also is designed to enhance customs cooperation. It encourages the
Parties to give each other advance notice of customs developments likely to affect the
Agreement. The Chapter calls for the Parties to cooperate in securing compliance with each
other’s customs measures related to the implementation and operation of the provisions of the
Agreement governing importations and exportations. It includes specific provisions requiring
the Parties to share customs information where a Party has a reasonable suspicion of unlawful
activity relating to its laws and regulations governing importations.
Panamanian Free Zone Monitoring Program. Chapter Five requires Panama to maintain its
existing program for monitoring the importation into, exportation from, and processing or
manipulation of goods in Panamanian free zones. The Chapter also provides that if the United
States has a reasonable suspicion that a good for which a U.S. importer has made a claim for
preferential tariff treatment under another U.S. free trade agreement has undergone processing in
a Panamanian free zone (other than unloading, reloading, or other operations necessary to
preserve the good or transport it to the United States), the United States may request Panama to
make relevant records available or visit facilities in the free zone to verify whether the good was
imported into, exported from, or processed or manipulated in the free zone.
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Chapter Six defines the Parties’ obligations to each other regarding sanitary and phytosanitary
(SPS) measures. It reflects the Parties’ understanding that implementation of existing
obligations under the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures (SPS Agreement) is a shared objective. Nothing in the Agreement imposes new
limitations on the United States in terms of maintaining high safety and inspection standards.
Key Concepts. SPS measures are laws or regulations that protect human, animal, or plant life or
health from certain risks, including plant- and animal-borne pests and diseases, additives,
contaminants, toxins, or disease-causing organisms in food and beverages.
Cooperation. Under Chapter Six, the Parties will establish an SPS Committee consisting of
relevant trade and regulatory officials. The objectives of the Committee are to (i) help each
Party to implement the WTO SPS Agreement; (ii) assist each Party to protect human, animal, or
plant life or health; (iii) enhance consultation and cooperation between the Parties on SPS
matters; and (iv) address SPS measures affecting trade between the Parties. The Committee will
also provide a forum for enhancing mutual understanding of each Party’s SPS measures and the
regulatory processes that relate to those measures; consulting on SPS matters that may affect
trade between the Parties; and consulting on issues, agendas, and positions for meetings of
certain international organizations that address SPS matters.
Dispute Settlement. Neither Party may invoke the Agreement’s dispute settlement procedures
for a matter arising under Chapter Six. Instead, any dispute between the Parties involving an
SPS measure must be resolved through the WTO.
Chapter Seven builds on WTO rules related to technical barriers to trade to promote
transparency, accountability, and cooperation between the Parties on regulatory issues.
Key Concepts. The term “technical barriers to trade” (TBT) refers to barriers that may arise in
preparing, adopting, or applying voluntary product standards, mandatory technical regulations,
and procedures used to determine whether a particular good meets such standards and
regulations, i.e., “conformity assessment procedures.”
International Standards. The principles articulated in the WTO TBT Committee’s Decision on
Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
emphasize the need for openness and consensus in the development of international standards.
Under Chapter Seven, the Parties will apply these principles when determining whether an
international standard exists and consult on pertinent matters under consideration by relevant
international or regional bodies.
Conformity Assessment. Chapter Seven provides for a dialogue between the Parties on ways to
facilitate the acceptance of conformity assessment results. Each Party will recognize conformity
assessment bodies in the territory of the other Party on terms no less favorable than it accords
conformity assessment bodies in its own territory.
Transparency. Chapter Seven contains various transparency obligations, such as requiring each
Party to: (i) allow persons of the other Party to participate in the development of technical
regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures on terms no less favorable than
those accorded to its own persons; (ii) transmit regulatory proposals notified under the WTO
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade directly to the other Party; (iii) describe in writing the
objectives of proposed technical regulations or conformity assessment procedures and the
rationale for the approach the Party is proposing; and (iv) consider comments on such proposals
and respond in writing to significant comments it receives. Each Party must implement the
Chapter’s transparency provisions as soon as practicable, and no later than five years after the
Agreement enters into force.
Safeguards. Chapter Eight establishes a safeguard procedure that will be available to aid
domestic industries that sustain or are threatened with serious injury due to increased imports
resulting from tariff reduction or elimination under the Agreement. The Chapter does not affect
the Parties’ rights or obligations under the WTO’s safeguard provisions (global safeguards) or
under other WTO trade remedy rules.
Chapter Eight authorizes each Party to impose temporary duties on an imported originating good
if, as a result of the reduction or elimination of a duty under the Agreement, the good is being
imported in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to constitute a substantial
cause of serious injury, or threat of serious injury, to a domestic industry producing a “like” or
“directly competitive” good.
A safeguard measure may be applied on a good only during the Agreement’s “transition period”
for phasing out duties. A safeguard measure may take one of two forms – a temporary increase
in duties to NTR (MFN) levels or a temporary suspension of duty reductions called for under the
Agreement. A Party may not impose a safeguard measure under Chapter Eight more than once
on the same good. A safeguard measure may be in place for a total of four years, including any
extensions of the measure. A Party may extend a measure if it determines that the industry is
adjusting and the measure remains necessary to facilitate adjustment and prevent or remedy
serious injury. If a measure lasts more than one year, the Party must scale it back at regular
intervals.
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If a Party imposes a safeguard measure, Chapter Eight requires it to provide offsetting trade
compensation to the other Party. If the Parties cannot agree on the amount or nature of the
compensation, the exporting Party may unilaterally suspend “substantially equivalent” trade
concessions that it has made to the importing Party.
Global Safeguards. Chapter Eight maintains each Party’s right to take action against imports
from all sources under Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.
A Party may exclude imports of an originating good from the other Party from a global safeguard
measure if those imports are not a substantial cause of serious injury or do not create a threat of
serious injury. A Party may not apply a safeguard measure under Chapter Eight at the same time
that it applies a safeguard measure on the same good under Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and
the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.
Antidumping and Countervailing Duties. Chapter Eight confirms that the Parties retain their
rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement relating to the application of antidumping and
countervailing duties. Antidumping and countervailing duty measures may not be challenged
under the Agreement’s dispute settlement procedures. The Chapter provides that the United
States will continue to treat Panama as a CBI beneficiary country for purposes of Sections
771(7)(G)(ii)(III) and 771(7)(H) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(7)(G)(ii)(III) and
1677(7)(H)), which preclude the U.S. International Trade Commission from aggregating (or
“cumulating”) imports from CBI beneficiary countries with imports from non-beneficiary
countries in determining in antidumping and countervailing duty investigations whether imports
of a particular product from such beneficiary countries are injuring or threaten to injure a U.S.
industry.
Chapter Nine provides comprehensive obligations requiring each Party to apply fair and
transparent procurement procedures and rules and prohibiting each government and its procuring
entities from discriminating in purchasing practices against goods, services, and suppliers from
the other Party. The rules of Chapter Nine are broadly based on the rules of the WTO Agreement
on Government Procurement.
General Principles. Chapter Nine establishes a basic rule of “national treatment,” meaning that
each Party’s procurement rules and the entities applying those rules must treat goods, services,
and suppliers of such goods and services from the other Party in a manner that is “no less
favorable” than their domestic counterparts. The Chapter also bars discrimination against locally
established suppliers on the basis of foreign affiliation or ownership. Chapter Nine also provides
rules aimed at ensuring a fair and transparent procurement process.
Coverage and Thresholds. Chapter Nine applies to purchases and other means of obtaining
goods and services valued above certain dollar thresholds by those government departments,
agencies, and enterprises listed in each Party’s Schedule in Annex 9.1. Specifically, the Chapter
applies to procurements by listed agencies of the “central government,” which for the United
States is the federal government, of goods and services valued at $193,000 or more and
construction services valued at $7,407,000 or more. The equivalent thresholds for purchases by
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listed “sub-central” government entities (i.e., provincial governments for Panama and U.S. state
government agencies) are $526,000 and $7,407,000, for goods and services and construction
services, respectively. The Chapter applies to purchases of goods and services that the Panama
Canal Authority makes of (i) goods and services valued over $593,000, and (ii) construction
services valued over $12 million for the first 12 years that the Agreement is in force and $10.3
million thereafter. The Chapter’s thresholds for other governmental entities are either $250,000
or $593,000 for goods and services, and $7,407,000 for construction services. All thresholds
(other than the $250,000 threshold for other government entities and the Panama Canal
Authority’s transitional $12 million threshold for construction services) are subject to adjustment
every two years on January 1, with the next adjustment set for January 1, 2012.
Tendering Rules. Chapter Nine provides rules for setting deadlines on “tendering” (bidding on
government contracts). It requires procuring entities to give suppliers all the information they
need to prepare tenders, including the criteria that procuring entities will use to evaluate tenders.
Entities must also, where appropriate, base their technical specifications (i.e., detailed
descriptions of the goods or services to be procured) on performance-oriented criteria and
international standards. Chapter Nine provides that procuring entities may not write technical
specifications with the purpose or effect of creating an unnecessary obstacle to trade between the
Parties while clarifying that an entity may adopt technical specifications to promote
environmental conservation. The Chapter also clarifies that an entity may adopt technical
specifications that require suppliers to comply with generally applicable laws regarding
fundamental principles and rights at work and acceptable conditions of work with respect to
minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health in the territory where they
make the product or perform the service that the entity will purchase. It also sets out the
circumstances under which procuring entities are allowed to use limited tendering, i.e., award a
contract to a supplier without opening the procurement to all interested suppliers.
Award Rules. Chapter Nine provides that to be considered for an award, a tender must be
submitted by a qualified supplier. The tender must meet the criteria set out in the tender
documentation, and procuring entities must base their award of contracts on those criteria.
Procuring entities must publish information on awards, including the name of the supplier, a
description of the goods or services procured, and the value of the contract. Chapter Nine also
calls for each Party to ensure that suppliers may bring challenges against procurement decisions
before independent reviewers.
Chapter Ten establishes rules to protect investors from a Party against wrongful or
discriminatory government actions when they invest or attempt to invest in the other Party’s
territory. The Chapter’s provisions reflect traditional standards incorporated in earlier U.S.
bilateral investment treaties, previous trade agreements, and customary international law.
Key Concepts. Under Chapter Ten, the term “investment” covers all forms of investment,
including enterprises, securities, certain forms of debt, intellectual property rights, licenses, and
certain contracts. Chapter Ten covers both investments existing when the Agreement enters into
force and future investments. The term “investor of a Party” encompasses U.S. and Panamanian
nationals as well as firms (including branches) established in one of the Parties.
General Principles. Under the Agreement, investors enjoy six basic protections: (i) the right to
non-discriminatory treatment relative both to domestic investors and investors of non-Parties;
(ii) limits on imposition by the host Party of “performance requirements;” (iii) the right to free
transfer of funds related to an investment; (iv) protection from expropriation except when in
conformity with customary international law; (v) the right to the minimum standard of treatment
of aliens in accordance with customary international law; and (vi) the right to hire key
managerial personnel without regard to nationality. (As to this last protection, a Party may
require that a majority of the board of directors be of a particular nationality, as long as this does
not prevent the investor from controlling its investment.)
Investor-State Disputes. Chapter Ten provides a mechanism for an investor of a Party to submit
to binding international arbitration a claim for damages against the other Party. The investor
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may assert that the Party has breached a substantive obligation under the Chapter or that the
Party has breached an “investment agreement” with, or an “investment authorization” granted to,
the investor or a covered investment that the investor owns or controls. “Investment
agreements” and “investment authorizations” are arrangements between an investor and a host
government based on contracts and authorizations, respectively. These terms are defined in
Chapter Ten.
Chapter Ten provides that, “except in rare circumstances,” nondiscriminatory regulatory actions
designed and applied to meet legitimate public welfare objectives, such as public health, safety,
and the environment, are not indirect expropriations.
The Agreement does not require the United States to give Panamanian investors greater
substantive rights than U.S. companies already enjoy in the United States.
Panama Canal Authority. Chapter Ten clarifies that nothing in it or Chapter Eleven (Cross-
Border Trade in Services) constrains Panama’s right to appoint the Panama Canal Authority as
the entity exclusively responsible for administering the Panama Canal. The Chapter provides
that an investor alleging that an act of the Panama Canal Authority breaches an “investment
agreement” must first submit the claim to the Panama Canal Authority for resolution. At the
expiration of a three-month period, the investor may submit its claim to investor-State arbitration
under the Agreement regardless of whether the Panama Canal Authority has issued a decision
regarding the claim.
Chapter Eleven governs measures affecting cross-border trade in services between the Parties.
Certain provisions also apply to measures affecting investments to supply services.
Key Concepts. Under the Agreement, cross-border trade in services covers supply of a service:
from the territory of one Party into the territory of the other Party (e.g., electronic
delivery of services from the United States to Panama);
in the territory of a Party by a person of that Party to a person of the other Party
(e.g., a Panamanian company provides services to U.S. visitors in Panama); and
14
by a national of a Party in the territory of the other Party (e.g., a U.S. lawyer
provides legal services in Panama).
Chapter Eleven should be read together with Chapter Ten (Investment), which establishes rules
pertaining to the treatment of service firms that choose to provide their services through a local
presence, rather than cross-border. Chapter Eleven applies where, for example, a service
supplier is temporarily present in the territory of a Party and does not operate through a local
investment.
General Principles. Among Chapter Eleven’s core obligations are requirements to provide
national treatment and most-favored-nation treatment to service suppliers of the other Party.
Thus, each Party must treat service suppliers of the other Party no less favorably than its own
suppliers or those of any other country. This commitment applies to state and local governments
as well as the federal government. The Chapter’s provisions apply to existing service suppliers
as well as those who seek to supply services. The Chapter also includes a provision prohibiting
the Parties from requiring firms to establish a local presence as a condition for supplying a
service on a cross-border basis. In addition, certain types of market access restrictions on the
supply of services (e.g., that limit the number of firms that may offer a particular service or that
restrict or require specific types of legal structures or joint ventures with local companies in
order to supply a service) are also barred. The Chapter’s market access rules apply both to
services supplied on a cross-border basis and through a local investment.
Sectoral Coverage and Non-Conforming Measures. Chapter Eleven applies across virtually all
services sectors. The Chapter excludes financial services (which are addressed in Chapter
Twelve (Financial Services)), except that certain provisions of Chapter Eleven apply to
investments in financial services that are not regulated as financial institutions and are covered
by Chapter Ten (Investment). In addition, Chapter Eleven does not cover air transportation,
although it does apply to specialty air services and aircraft repair and maintenance.
Each Party has listed in Annexes I and II measures or sectors for which it negotiated exemptions
from Chapter Eleven’s core obligations (national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment,
market access, and local presence). Annex I contains each Party’s list of existing non-
conforming measures at the central and regional levels of government. The United States has
scheduled an exemption from the national treatment, NTR (MFN), and local presence obligations
for all existing state measures. With respect to the market access discipline, the United States
has reserved the right to take measures that are not inconsistent with the U.S. commitments in the
WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). All existing local measures are
exempted for both Parties without the need to be listed. If a Party liberalizes any of these non-
conforming Annex I measures, it must thereafter maintain the measure at least at that level of
openness. Each Party has listed in Annex II sectors or activities in which it reserves the right to
adopt or maintain future non-conforming measures.
Exclusions. Chapter Eleven excludes any service supplied “in the exercise of governmental
authority” – that is, a service that is provided on a non-commercial and non-competitive basis.
Chapter Eleven also does not apply to government subsidies. In addition, the Chapter makes
clear that the Agreement does not impose any obligation on a Party with respect to its
immigration measures, including admission or conditions of admission for temporary entry.
Chapter Twelve of the Agreement covers measures relating to the supply of financial services. It
provides rules governing each Party’s treatment of: (i) financial institutions of the other Party;
(ii) investors of the other Party, and their investments, in financial institutions; and (iii) cross-
border trade in financial services.
Key Concepts. The Chapter defines a “financial institution” as any financial intermediary or
other enterprise authorized to do business and regulated or supervised as a financial institution
under the law of the Party where it is located. A “financial service” is any service of a financial
nature, including, for example, insurance, banking, securities, asset management, financial
information and data processing services, and financial advisory services.
General Principles. Chapter Twelve’s core obligations parallel those in Chapters Ten
(Investment) and Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services). Specifically, Chapter Twelve
imposes rules requiring national treatment and most-favored-nation treatment, prohibits certain
quantitative restrictions on market access of financial institutions, and bars restrictions on the
nationality of senior management. As appropriate, these rules apply to measures affecting
financial institutions, investors and investments in financial institutions of the other Party, and
services companies that are currently supplying and that seek to supply financial services on a
cross-border basis. The rules do not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating
to certain specified services and activities – for example, activities or services forming part of a
public retirement plan or statutory system of social security – unless the Party allows its financial
institutions to compete with a public entity or a financial institution to supply such services and
activities. Provisions such as the prudential and monetary and exchange rate exceptions ensure
16
that governments may continue to regulate the financial sector and take action to ensure the
stability and integrity of the financial system in a financial crisis.
Other Provisions. Chapter Twelve also includes provisions on regulatory transparency, “new”
financial services, self-regulatory organizations, and the expedited availability of insurance
products.
Relationship to Other Chapters. Measures that a Party applies to financial services suppliers of
the other Party, other than regulated financial institutions, that make or operate investments in
the Party’s territory are covered principally by Chapter Ten (Investment) and certain provisions
of Chapter Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services). In particular, the core obligations of
Chapter Ten apply to such measures, as do the market access, transparency, and domestic
regulation provisions of Chapter Eleven. Chapter Twelve incorporates by reference certain
provisions of Chapter Ten, such as those relating to transfers and expropriation.
Chapter Thirteen includes disciplines beyond those imposed under Chapters Ten (Investment)
and Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services) on regulatory measures affecting
telecommunications trade and investment between the Parties. It is designed to ensure that
service suppliers of each Party have non-discriminatory access to public telecommunications
networks in the territory of the other Party. In addition, the Chapter requires each Party to
regulate its major telecommunications suppliers in ways that will ensure a level playing field for
new entrants. Chapter Thirteen also seeks to ensure that telecommunications regulations are set
by independent regulators applying transparent procedures, and is designed to encourage
adherence to principles of deregulation and technological neutrality.
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ensure that all service suppliers of the other Party that seek to access or use a
public telecommunications network in the Party’s territory can do so on
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms (e.g., Panama must ensure that its public
phone companies do not provide preferential access to Panamanian banks or
Internet service providers, to the detriment of U.S. competitors);
ensure that telecommunications suppliers of the other Party enjoy the right to
lease lines to supplement their own networks or, alternatively, purchase
telecommunications services from domestic suppliers and resell them in order to
build a customer base; and
Regulation. The Chapter addresses key regulatory concerns that may create barriers to trade and
investment in telecommunications services. In particular, each Party:
will adopt procedures that will help ensure that they maintain open and
transparent telecommunications regulatory regimes, including requirements to
make interconnection agreements and service tariffs publicly available;
Customs Duties. Chapter Fourteen provides that a Party may not impose customs duties on
digital products of the other Party transmitted electronically and will determine the customs
value of an imported carrier medium bearing a digital product based on the value of the carrier
medium alone, without regard to the value of the digital product stored on the carrier medium.
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Non-Discrimination. The Parties will apply the principles of national treatment and most-
favored-nation treatment to trade in electronically-transmitted digital products. Thus, a Party
may not discriminate against electronically-transmitted digital products on the grounds that they
have a nexus to another country, either because they have undergone certain specific activities
(e.g., creation, production, first sale) there or are associated with certain categories of persons of
the other Party or a non-Party (e.g., authors, performers, producers). Nor may a Party provide
less favorable treatment to digital products that have a nexus to the other Party than it gives to
like products that have a nexus to a third country. The non-discrimination rules do not apply to
non-conforming measures adopted under Chapters Ten (Investment), Eleven (Cross-Border
Trade in Services), or Twelve (Financial Services).
Chapter Fifteen complements and enhances existing international standards for the protection of
intellectual property and the enforcement of intellectual property rights, consistent with U.S. law.
General Provisions. Chapter Fifteen commits the Parties to ratify or accede to several
agreements on intellectual property rights, including, by the date the Agreement enters into force,
the WIPO Copyright Treaty, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, the Convention
Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Satellite Signals, and the Patent
Cooperation Treaty, and, within specified periods, the International Convention for the
Protection of New Varieties of Plants and the Trademark Law Treaty. The United States is
already a party to these agreements. With very limited exceptions, Chapter Fifteen commits each
Party to provide national treatment to the other Party’s nationals with respect to the enjoyment
and protection of the intellectual property rights covered by the Chapter.
Trademarks and Geographical Indications. Chapter Fifteen requires each Party to protect
trademarks and geographical indications, including by refusing protection or recognition of a
geographical indication that is likely to cause confusion with a preexisting trademark. The
Chapter calls for trademarks to include collective marks and certification marks. The Chapter
also requires each Party to establish, to the maximum degree practical, an electronic system for
applying for, registering, and maintaining trademarks, as well as to work to provide an online
database. Each Party must also provide efficient and transparent procedures governing
applications to protect trademarks and geographical indications. Furthermore, the Chapter
requires each Party’s Internet domain name management system to include a dispute resolution
procedure to address trademark cyber-piracy.
Copyright and Related Rights. Chapter Fifteen obligates the Parties to provide broad protection
for copyright and related rights, affirming and building on rights set out in several international
agreements. For instance, each Party must provide copyright protection for the life of the author
plus 70 years (for works measured by a person’s life). The Chapter also provides enhancements
of the rights of copyright owners over digital copies of their works. It also calls for each Party to
provide a right of communication to the public, including the exclusive right to authorize making
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protected works available online. The Chapter specifically requires each Party to protect the
rights of performers and producers of phonograms.
To curb copyright piracy, the Chapter requires government agencies of the Parties to use only
legitimate computer software, setting an example for the private sector. The Chapter also
includes provisions on anti-circumvention of technological measures, under which the Parties
commit to prohibit tampering with technology used to protect copyrighted works. In addition,
Chapter Fifteen sets out obligations with respect to the liability of Internet service providers in
connection with copyright infringements that take place over their networks. Finally,
recognizing the importance of satellite broadcasts, Chapter Fifteen provides that each Party will
protect encrypted program-carrying satellite signals. It obligates the Parties to extend protection
to the signals themselves, as well as to the content contained in the signals.
Patents. Chapter Fifteen includes a variety of provisions for the protection of patents. The
Parties agree to make patents available for any invention, subject to limited exclusions. To guard
against arbitrary revocation of patents, each Party must limit the grounds for revoking a patent to
the grounds that would have justified a refusal to grant the patent. Under Chapter Fifteen, each
Party must make best efforts to process patent applications and marketing approval applications
expeditiously. With respect to most products, a Party must adjust the patent term to compensate
for unreasonable delays that occur while granting a patent. For pharmaceutical products, a Party
may provide for such adjustments if there is an unreasonable delay in granting a patent or
providing marketing approval for a product.
Certain Regulated Products. Chapter Fifteen includes additional specific provisions relating to
pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Among other things, the Chapter protects test data
that a company submits in seeking marketing approval for such products by precluding other
firms from relying on the data. It provides specific periods for such protection – normally five
years for pharmaceuticals and ten years for agricultural chemicals. This means, for example, that
during the period of protection, test data that a company submits for approval of a new
agricultural chemical product cannot be used without that company’s consent in granting
approval to market a new product. If a Party bases its decision to approve a pharmaceutical
product for marketing in its territory on a marketing approval the other Party has granted for that
product, and it approves the product within six months after the company applies for the
approval in the Party, the period of test data protection will be counted from the date the other
Party approved the product. The Chapter’s rules governing test data protection for
pharmaceutical products are subject to a public health exception in accordance with the Doha
Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. The Chapter also requires the Parties to
implement procedures for the expeditious adjudication of disputes concerning the validity or
infringement of a patent, a transparent system to provide notice to a patent holder that another
person is seeking to market an approved pharmaceutical product during the term of a patent, and
sufficient time and opportunity for a patent holder to seek, prior to the marketing of an allegedly
infringing product, available remedies for an infringing product.
Public Health. Chapter Fifteen expresses the Parties’ understanding that its obligations do not
and should not prevent a Party from taking measures to protect public health, in accordance with
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the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, by promoting access to
medicines for all.
Enforcement Provisions. Chapter Fifteen also creates obligations with respect to the
enforcement of intellectual property rights in administrative, civil, and criminal proceedings, and
at the border. For example, the Parties, in determining damages in civil proceedings involving
copyright infringement or trademark counterfeiting, must take into account the value of the
legitimate goods as well as the infringer’s profits, and must also provide for damages based on a
fixed range (i.e., “pre-established damages”), as an option that the right holder can elect instead
of actual damages.
Chapter Fifteen further provides that each Party’s law enforcement agencies must have authority
to seize suspected pirated and counterfeit goods, the equipment used to make or transmit them,
and documentary evidence. Each Party must give its courts authority to order the forfeiture
and/or destruction of such items. The Chapter also provides that each Party must apply criminal
penalties against willful counterfeiting and piracy, including end-user piracy, on a commercial
scale.
Chapter Fifteen also requires each Party to empower its law enforcement agencies to take ex
officio enforcement action at the border against pirated or counterfeit goods without waiting for a
formal complaint.
Transition Periods. Most obligations in the Chapter take effect on the date the Agreement enters
into force. However, Panama may delay giving effect to certain specified obligations for periods
ranging from one year to three years after that date.
Chapter Sixteen sets out the Parties’ commitments and undertakings regarding trade-related labor
rights.
Fundamental Labor Rights. Each Party commits to adopt and maintain in its statutes,
regulations, and practice certain enumerated labor rights, as stated in the 1998 ILO Declaration
on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Its Follow Up. Specifically, these are
(i) freedom of association; (ii) the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining;
(iii) the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor; (iv) the effective abolition of
child labor and, for purposes of the Agreement, a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor;
and (v) the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. In order to
establish a violation of this obligation, a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has failed to
comply in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties. Neither Party may waive
or otherwise derogate from its statutes or regulations implementing this obligation in a manner
affecting bilateral trade or investment where the waiver or derogation would be inconsistent with
one of the enumerated rights. For the United States, the Chapter’s provisions regarding
fundamental labor rights apply to federal law only.
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Effective Enforcement. Each Party commits not to fail to effectively enforce its labor laws on a
sustained or recurring basis in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties. The
Chapter defines “labor laws” to include laws directly related to the ILO fundamental labor rights,
as well as laws providing for acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages,
hours of work, and occupational safety and health, and laws providing labor protections for
children and minors, including a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor. For the United
States, “labor laws” includes federal statutes and regulations addressing these areas, but it does
not cover state or local labor laws.
Procedural Guarantees. Each Party commits to afford procedural guarantees that ensure
workers and employers have access to tribunals for the enforcement of its labor laws. To this
end, each Party must ensure that proceedings before these tribunals are fair, equitable, and
transparent and comply with due process of law. Decisions of such tribunals must be in writing,
made publicly available, and based on information or evidence in respect of which the parties
were offered the opportunity to be heard. In addition, hearings in such proceedings must be open
to the public, except where the administration of justice otherwise requires. Each Party also
commits to make remedies available to ensure the enforcement of its labor laws. Such remedies
might include orders, fines, penalties, or temporary workplace closures.
Dispute Settlement. Chapter Sixteen provides for cooperative consultations as a first step if a
Party considers that the other Party is not complying with its obligations under the Chapter. The
complaining Party may, after an initial 60-day consultation period under Chapter Sixteen, invoke
the Agreement’s general dispute settlement mechanism by requesting additional consultations or
a meeting of the Agreement’s cabinet-level Free Trade Commission under Chapter Twenty
(Dispute Settlement). If the Commission is unable to resolve the dispute, the matter may be
referred to a dispute settlement panel. The Parties will maintain a roster of experts to serve on
any dispute settlement panel convened to hear disputes arising under the Chapter.
The Chapter also creates a labor cooperation and capacity building mechanism through which
the Parties will work together to address labor matters of common interest. In particular, the
mechanism will assist the Parties to establish priorities for, and carry out, cooperation and
capacity building activities relating to such topics as: the effective application of fundamental
labor rights; legislation and practice relating to compliance with ILO Convention 182 on the
worst forms of child labor; strengthening labor inspection systems and the institutional capacity
of labor administrations and tribunals; mechanisms for supervising compliance with laws and
regulations pertaining to working conditions; and the elimination of gender discrimination in
employment.
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Chapter Seventeen: Environment
Chapter Seventeen sets out the Parties’ commitments and undertakings regarding environmental
protection.
General Principles. Each Party must strive to ensure that its environmental laws provide for and
encourage high levels of environmental protection and continue to improve its respective levels
of environmental protection. Each Party also commits not to waive or otherwise derogate from
its environmental laws to weaken or reduce the levels of environmental protection in a manner
affecting trade or investment between the Parties other than pursuant to a provision in its
environmental law providing for waivers or derogations. Chapter Seventeen further includes
commitments to enhance cooperation between the Parties in environmental matters and
encourages the Parties to develop voluntary, market-based mechanisms as one means for
achieving and sustaining high levels of environmental protection.
Chapter Seventeen provides that in the event of any inconsistency between a Party’s obligations
under the Agreement and a covered agreement, the Party must seek to balance its obligations
under both agreements, but this will not preclude a Party from taking measures to comply with
the covered agreement as long as the measure’s primary purpose is not to impose a disguised
restriction on trade.
Effective Enforcement. Each Party commits not to fail to effectively enforce its environmental
laws, and its laws, regulations, and other measures to fulfill its obligations under the covered
agreements, on a sustained or recurring basis in a manner affecting trade or investment between
the Parties. For the United States, “environmental laws” comprise federal environmental statutes
and regulations promulgated under those statutes that are enforceable by action of the federal
government.
Public Participation and Submissions. Each Party must provide for the receipt and consideration
of submissions from persons of a Party on matters related to implementation of the Chapter.
Each Party will also convene a national advisory committee to solicit views on matters related to
the implementation of the Chapter. In addition, the Chapter provides that any person of a Party
may file a submission with an independent secretariat asserting that a Party is failing to
effectively enforce its environmental laws. The secretariat will review the submission according
to specified criteria and in appropriate cases recommend to the Environmental Affairs Council
that a factual record concerning the matter be developed. The secretariat will prepare a factual
record if a member of the Environmental Affairs Council instructs it to do so. The Council will
consider the record and, where appropriate, provide recommendations to an environmental
cooperation commission that will be created under a related environmental cooperation
agreement. U.S. persons who consider that the United States is failing to effectively enforce its
environmental laws may invoke the comparable public submissions process under the North
American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation. The Parties will designate the secretariat
and make related arrangements through a separate understanding.
Dispute Settlement. Chapter Seventeen provides for cooperative consultations as a first step if a
Party considers that the other Party is not complying with its obligations under the Chapter. The
complaining Party may, after an initial 60-day consultation period, invoke the Agreement’s
general dispute settlement mechanism by requesting additional consultations or a meeting of the
Agreement’s cabinet-level Free Trade Commission under Chapter Twenty (Dispute Settlement).
If the Commission is unable to resolve the dispute, the matter may be referred to a dispute
settlement panel. The Parties will maintain a roster of experts to serve on any dispute settlement
panel convened to hear disputes arising under the Chapter.
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Chapter Eighteen: Transparency
Section A of Chapter Eighteen sets out requirements designed to foster openness, transparency,
and fairness in the adoption and application of measures on matters covered by the Agreement.
It requires that each Party must promptly publish all laws, regulations, procedures, and
administrative rulings of general application concerning subjects covered by the Agreement, or
otherwise make them available. It requires that, to the extent possible, Parties publish proposed
regulations in advance and give interested persons a reasonable opportunity to comment.
Wherever possible, each Party must provide reasonable notice to the other Party’s nationals and
enterprises that are directly affected by an agency process, including an adjudication,
rulemaking, licensing, determination, and approval process. A Party is to afford such persons a
reasonable opportunity to present facts and arguments prior to any final administrative action,
when time, the nature of the process, and the public interest permit.
Chapter Eighteen also provides for independent review and appeal of final administrative
actions. Appeal rights must include a reasonable opportunity to present arguments and to obtain
a decision based on evidence in the administrative record.
In Section B of Chapter Eighteen, the Parties affirm their commitment to eliminate bribery and
corruption, including bribery in international trade and investment. To this end, each Party is
obligated to make it a criminal offense for their public officials to solicit or accept a bribe, and
for any person subject to its jurisdiction to bribe a public official of that Party or a foreign public
official in exchange for favorable government action in matters affecting international trade or
investment. The Parties must also endeavor to protect persons who, in good faith, report acts of
bribery or corruption and to work together to encourage and support initiatives in relevant
international fora to prevent bribery and corruption.
Chapter Nineteen creates a Free Trade Commission to supervise the implementation and overall
operation of the Agreement. The Commission comprises the Parties’ trade ministers and will
meet annually. The Commission will assist in the resolution of any disputes that may arise under
the Agreement. The Commission may, among other things, issue interpretations of the
Agreement and agree to accelerate duty elimination on particular products and adjust the
Agreement’s product-specific rules of origin.
Each Party must designate an office to provide administrative assistance to dispute settlement
panels and perform such other functions as the Commission may direct.
Chapter Nineteen also establishes a Committee on Trade Capacity Building. The overall
objective of the Committee is to assist Panama to implement the Agreement and adjust to
liberalized bilateral trade. Particular functions of the Committee include: prioritizing trade
capacity building projects; inviting international donor institutions, private sector entities, and
non-governmental organizations to assist in the development and implementation of trade
capacity building projects; and monitoring and assessing progress in implementing those
projects.
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Chapter Twenty: Dispute Settlement
Chapter Twenty sets out detailed procedures for the resolution of disputes between the Parties
over compliance with the Agreement. Those procedures emphasize amicable settlements,
relying wherever possible on bilateral cooperation and consultations. When disputes arise under
provisions common to the Agreement and other agreements (e.g., the WTO agreements), the
complaining government may choose a forum for resolving the matter that is set forth in any
valid agreement between the Parties. The selected forum will be the exclusive venue for
resolving that dispute.
Consultations. A Party may request consultations with the other Party on any actual or proposed
measure that it believes might affect the operation of the Agreement. If the Parties cannot
resolve the matter through consultations within a specified period (normally 60 days), either
Party may refer the matter to the Free Trade Commission, which will attempt to resolve the
dispute.
Panel Procedures. If the Commission cannot resolve the dispute within a specified period
(normally 30 days), the Party that referred the matter to the Commission may refer the matter, if
it involves an actual measure, to a panel comprising independent experts that the Parties select.
The Parties will set rules to protect confidential information, provide for open hearings and
public release of submissions, and allow an opportunity for the panel to accept submissions from
non-governmental entities in the Parties’ territories.
Unless the Parties agree otherwise, a panel is to present its initial report within 120 days after the
last panelist is selected. Once the panel presents its initial report containing findings of fact and
a determination on whether a Party has met its obligations, the Parties will have the opportunity
to provide written comments to the panel. When the panel receives these comments, it may
reconsider its report and make any further examination that it considers appropriate. Within 30
days after it presents its initial report, the panel will submit its final report. The Parties will then
seek to agree on how to resolve the dispute, normally in a way that conforms to the panel’s
determinations and recommendations. Subject to protection of confidential information, the
panel’s final report will be made available to the public 15 days after the Parties receive it.
Suspension of Benefits. If the Parties cannot resolve the dispute after they receive the panel’s
final report, the Parties will seek to agree on acceptable trade compensation. If they cannot agree
on compensation, or if the complaining Party believes the defending Party has failed to
implement an agreed resolution, the complaining Party may provide notice that it intends to
suspend trade benefits equivalent in effect to those it considers were impaired, or may be
impaired, as a result of the disputed measure.
If the defending Party considers that the proposed level of benefits to be suspended is
“manifestly excessive,” or believes that it has modified the disputed measure to make it conform
to the Agreement, it may request the panel to reconvene and decide the matter. The panel must
issue its determination no later than 90 days after the request is made (or 120 days if the panel is
reviewing both the level of the proposed suspension and a modification of the measure).
26
The complaining Party may suspend trade benefits up to the level that the panel sets or, if the
panel has not been asked to determine the level, up to the amount that the complaining Party has
proposed. The complaining Party cannot suspend benefits, however, if the defending Party
provides notice that it will pay an annual monetary assessment to the other Party. The amount of
the assessment will be established by agreement of the Parties or, failing that, will be set at 50
percent of the level of trade concessions the complaining Party was authorized to suspend.
Compliance Review Mechanism. If, at any time, the defending Party believes it has made
changes in its laws or regulations sufficient to comply with its obligations under the Agreement,
it may refer the matter to the panel. If the panel agrees, the dispute ends and the complaining
Party must withdraw any offsetting measures it has put in place. Concurrently, the defending
government will be relieved of any obligation to pay a monetary assessment.
The Parties will review the operation of the compliance procedures either five years after the
Agreement enters into force or within six months after benefits have been suspended or
assessments paid in five proceedings initiated under this Agreement, whichever occurs first.
Settlement of Private Disputes. The Parties will encourage the use of arbitration and other
alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to settle international commercial disputes between
private parties. Each Party must provide appropriate procedures for the recognition and
enforcement of arbitral awards, for example by complying with the 1958 United Nations
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards or the 1975 Inter-
American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration.
Chapter Twenty-One sets out provisions that generally apply to the entire Agreement. Article
XX of the GATT 1994 and its interpretive notes are incorporated into and made part of the
Agreement, mutatis mutandis, and apply to those Chapters related to treatment of goods.
Likewise, for the purposes of Chapters Eleven (Cross-Border Trade in Services), Thirteen
(Telecommunications), and Fourteen (Electronic Commerce), GATS Article XIV (including its
footnotes) is incorporated into and made part of the Agreement. For both goods and services, the
Parties understand that these exceptions include certain environmental measures.
Essential Security. Chapter Twenty-One makes clear that nothing in the Agreement prevents a
Party from taking actions it considers necessary to protect its essential security interests, and
specifically provides that an arbitration panel must apply the essential security exception if a
Party invokes it. The United States has clarified with respect to non-conforming measures
relating to port activities listed in Annex II that the landside aspects of port activities are subject
to the Agreement’s essential security exception.
Taxation. An exception for taxation limits the field of tax measures subject to the Agreement.
For example, the exception generally provides that the Agreement does not affect a Party’s rights
or obligations under any tax convention. The exception sets out certain circumstances under
which tax measures are subject to the Agreement’s: (i) national treatment obligation for goods;
27
(ii) national treatment and most-favored-nation treatment obligations for services;
(iii) prohibitions on performance requirements; and (iv) expropriation rules.
Balance of Payments. Chapter Twenty-One establishes criteria that a Party must follow if it
applies a balance-of-payments measure on trade in goods.
Disclosure of Information. The Chapter also provides that a Party may withhold information
from the other Party where such disclosure would impede domestic law enforcement, otherwise
be contrary to the public interest, or prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular
enterprises.
Chapter Twenty-Two provides that (i) the annexes, appendices, and footnotes are part of the
Agreement, (ii) the Parties may amend the Agreement subject to the legal requirements of each
Party, and (iii) the English and Spanish texts are both authentic. It also provides for
consultations if any provision of the WTO Agreement that the Parties have incorporated into the
Agreement is amended.
Chapter Twenty-Two establishes the procedures for the Agreement to enter into force and
terminate.
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EFFECT OF THE UNITED STATES – PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT
ON STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
I. Introduction
The United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (Panama TPA or Agreement)
will eliminate tariffs and trade barriers and expand opportunities for workers, manufacturers,
farmers, ranchers, and service providers and provide more choices for consumers in the United
States and Panama. The United States exported goods valued at $6.1 billion to Panama in 2010.
Most Panamanian products enter the United States duty-free under unilateral trade
preference programs – in particular, the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) – as well as under
existing duty-free treatment provided on a normal trade relations/most-favored-nation
(NTR/MFN) basis. The Agreement opens Panama’s market to manufactured goods, services,
and agriculture products from the United States. Eighty-seven percent of U.S. exports of
consumer and industrial goods will become duty-free immediately when the Agreement enters
into force, with remaining tariffs phased out over ten years. Key U.S. export sectors that will
benefit from the elimination of duties include agricultural and construction equipment,
information technology products, and medical and scientific equipment. Other key U.S. export
sectors such as motor vehicles and parts, paper and wood products, and chemicals also will
obtain significant access to Panama’s market as duties are phased out.
More than half of U.S. agriculture exports to Panama, including high quality beef, certain
pork and poultry products, cotton, wheat, soybeans, soybean meal, most fresh fruits and tree
nuts, distilled spirits and still table wine, and a wide assortment of processed products, will
receive immediate duty-free treatment when the Agreement enters into force. Duties on other
agricultural goods will be phased out within five to 15 years and on most sensitive products
within 15 to 20 years.
Panama will accord substantial market access across its entire services regime, including
financial services, subject to very few exceptions. Panama agreed to eliminate measures that
restrict investment in retail trade to Panamanian nationals, to provide improved access in such
sectors as express delivery, and to grant new access in professional services, such as law and
accounting, that previously had been reserved exclusively to Panamanian nationals.
At the same time, the Agreement will further strengthen democratic and economic
reforms, by supporting the rule of law, open and transparent governance, and the protection of
private property rights and investments.
Pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, each of the statutory advisory committees, including
the IGPAC, was required to produce a report on the Agreement. The IGPAC report assesses the
impact of the Agreement from the perspective of U.S. state and local governments. In its report
(available in full at www.ustr.gov), the IGPAC recognizes that:
“This agreement with Panama, a long-standing ally of the US, should foster trade ties and
deepen regional economic integration, even beyond the existing benefits of the Caribbean
Basin Initiative and Trade Partnership Act. The US-Panama TPA should substantially
improve the business environment and advance civil society development objectives,
while increasing trade capacity and investment opportunities between the US and this
important nation. US economic interests, entrepreneurs and employees would benefit
from improved market access for goods, services, agricultural products, and from better
access to government procurement opportunities. IGPAC members note that the US and
Panama are poised to benefit, both from expanded market access, and from greater
regional integration amongst smaller and larger nations in Central and Latin America.”
Based on the IGPAC’s report and other comments received regarding the potential
impact of the Agreement on sub-federal governments, this report addresses four main areas of
interest to states and localities in the Agreement: (i) government procurement; (ii) investment;
(iii) cross-border trade in services; and (iv) financial services. Additionally, USTR has also
taken into account the overall interest of states and localities in preserving sub-federal regulatory
abilities and prerogatives.
• a state decides the extent to which it will cover its procurement under new agreements;
• states may exclude sensitive goods, services, and local development programs;
• the agreements also exclude preference programs for small businesses, businesses owned
by disabled veterans, minorities, and women, and small businesses in distressed areas;
• states are explicitly permitted to maintain their own environmental policies for “green”
procurement and to require suppliers to comply with labor laws that are generally
applicable in the territory in which a good is produced or a service is performed;
• county and city procurement is not covered by any of the agreements; and
• the thresholds for the application of the agreements at the sub-central (state) level are
high: currently $526,000 for purchases of goods and services and $7.407 million for
2
construction contracts. (The thresholds are subject to adjustment every two years on
January 1, with the next adjustment set for January 1, 2012.)
In early 2005, the USTR wrote to Governors requesting that state governments consider
voluntarily covering their procurement under a new “reciprocity” policy for the Andean and
Panama negotiations. If a state agreed to allow nondiscriminatory access to its procurement to
foreign suppliers from Panama, for example, then businesses and workers from that state would
enjoy the same access to sub-central procurement in Panama, opening up new export
opportunities. Reciprocal government procurement policies are already used in a number of
states, such as New York. More than 30 states have some type of reciprocity in their
procurement practices with respect to other U.S. states.
Under the reciprocity policy, eight states and Puerto Rico agreed to cover some of their
procurement under the Panama TPA. A list is set out in the Attachment to this report.
“As a matter of general principle, IGPAC members support the goal of improving
transparency and increasing fair market access in government procedures and regulatory
decisions related to procurement, while preserving the independent authority of state and
local governments to adopt legislation, standards and procedures consistent with their
experience and interests. Notes to the schedule of the US which clarify certain state
terms and conditions are appreciated.”
“IGPAC members have indicated that potential benefits to participating states tend to be
weakened by the policy’s implementation process, defined in Annex 9.1 as through
supplier self-certification, and by the overly broad definition of ‘principal place of
business’ (to mean ‘the headquarters or main office of an enterprise, or any other place
where the enterprise’s business is managed, conducted or operated.’).”
Under the Agreement, U.S. suppliers are granted non-discriminatory rights to bid on
procurement by most Panamanian central government entities, including all key ministries and
significant government enterprises, such as the Panama Canal Authority, as well as regional
governments. The Agreement will ensure that U.S. firms have an opportunity to participate on a
competitive basis in a number of infrastructure projects.
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III. Investment
Chapter Ten of the Agreement updates and clarifies important investment protections
compared to similar provisions contained in prior U.S. bilateral investment treaties and trade
agreements. In accordance with the objectives set out by Congress in the Trade Act of 2002, the
investment provisions of the Agreement are designed to reduce barriers to foreign investment
and to secure important protections for U.S. investors in Panama, while ensuring that investors of
Panama do not receive greater substantive rights than U.S. investors in the United States.
As with other trade agreements to which the United States is a party, the investment
provisions of the Agreement protect the regulatory authorities of state and local governments.
First, while state and local measures will generally be subject to the investment chapter’s
disciplines, the United States will be exempt from the national treatment, most-favored nation
treatment, performance requirements, and senior management and boards of directors obligations
for all state and local government measures existing as of the date on which the Agreement
enters into force. State and local measures adopted after this date, however, will generally not be
exempt from these obligations.
Second, the investment protections of the Chapter reflect U.S. legal principles and
practices. For example, consistent with U.S. takings and due process protections, the
Agreement clarifies that only property rights or property interests in an investment are entitled
to protection against unlawful expropriation. The Chapter also incorporates standards that
reflect U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence for determining when a regulatory measure rises to
the level of an expropriation.
Third, the Chapter includes provisions to ensure that investor-state arbitration tribunals
interpret the Agreement in accordance with the intent of the Parties. The Parties will have the
authority to issue interpretations of the investment provisions that are binding on arbitration
tribunals. The non-disputing Party will have the right to make submissions to an arbitration
tribunal regarding the interpretation of the Agreement, and the disputing parties will have the
opportunity to review draft awards. The Parties have committed, within three years after the date
the Agreement enters into force, to consider whether to establish an appellate body or similar
mechanism to review arbitral awards rendered in arbitrations commenced after the establishment
of such a mechanism.
Fourth, the Chapter refines the investor-state dispute settlement process to improve its
efficiency and to help deter frivolous claims. The Chapter includes expedited procedures to
dismiss frivolous claims (based on Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure) and
handle jurisdictional objections. To further deter frivolous claims, the Chapter expressly
authorizes tribunals to award attorneys’ fees and costs after deciding whether a claimant has
raised a frivolous claim.
Finally, the Chapter includes provisions to enhance transparency and public involvement
in the investor-state dispute settlement process. The Agreement provides that hearings will
generally be open to the public and that key documents submitted to or issued by an arbitral
tribunal will be publicly available, subject to the protection of confidential information, including
4
confidential business information. It also expressly authorizes tribunals to accept and consider
amicus curiae submissions, whereby the public could present views on issues in dispute.
“Given the still evolving context of investor-state disputes … IGPAC members maintain
significant concerns about overly expansive definitions of investment, and investor-state
provisions on dispute settlement claim submission and arbitration, and welcome
clarifying language in NAFTA interpretive notes and in this TPA.” (Emphasis added.)
“Some suggest that, where agreements are reached with countries with less fully
developed legal systems, inclusion of a wholly separate litigation process, applicable only
to foreign commerce and investment, may be viewed as necessary for creating conditions
in such countries that are conducive to attracting and retaining international
investment….IGPAC members welcome those Chapter 10-Section B provisions in the
Agreement that bring about greater transparency, inclusion of non-disputing party and
amicus curiae submissions, and consideration of whether claims or objections may be
frivolous.” (Emphasis added.)
Chapter Eleven of the Agreement covers the supply of services on a cross-border basis.
This includes services supplied from the United States into Panama or vice versa, including by
electronic means; services supplied by a national of the United States in the territory of Panama
or vice versa; and services supplied in the United States to a consumer from Panama or vice
versa. Services supplied through investment are primarily covered by the Investment Chapter,
but also enjoy the protection of certain provisions in the Cross-Border Trade in Services Chapter.
While state and local measures will generally be subject to the Chapter’s disciplines, the United
States has scheduled an exemption from the national treatment, most-favored nation treatment,
and local presence obligations for all state measures existing on the date on which the Agreement
enters into force. With respect to the market access discipline, the United States has reserved the
right to take measures that are not inconsistent with our commitments in the WTO General
Agreement on Trade in Services. In addition, all local measures existing on the date on which
the Agreement enters into force will be exempt from the national treatment, most-favored nation
treatment, local presence, and market access obligations. State and local measures adopted after
the date the Agreement enters into force, however, will generally not be exempt from the
Agreement’s obligations.
Nothing in Chapter Eleven or any other provision of the Agreement requires the
privatization or deregulation of any government services, including water supply or distribution
services, education services, or health services. The Chapter expressly excludes services
supplied in the exercise of governmental authority.
5
The implementation of this Chapter should not require an additional commitment of
resources by state and local governments.
“Given the growing importance of services industries to the US economy, state and local
governments generally support objectives to liberalize trade in services industries as a
means of increasing market access for US firms and for reaching trade development
objectives. IGPAC members equally assert that the independent exercise of state and
local legislative and regulatory power is critical to protecting citizens’ interests and
safeguarding the federal system.”
The IGPAC report further notes that a general exemption for existing state and local
measures could leave open the possibility of disputes about future changes, highlighting the need
for USTR to educate and consult with state and local entities so that they are aware of such
constraints on future actions.
V. Financial Services
Chapter Twelve of the Agreement covers measures relating to the supply of financial
services. The Chapter covers investment in regulated financial institutions in the United States
and Panama, as well as certain cross-border trade in financial services, including via electronic
means, such as insurance related to international transport, reinsurance, and advisory services
other than intermediation. The Chapter does not apply to measures relating to public retirement
plans or social security systems when managed by a government or private sector monopoly.
Provisions such as the prudential and monetary and exchange rate exceptions ensure that
governments may continue to regulate the financial sector and to take action to ensure the
stability and integrity of the financial system in a financial crisis. While state and local measures
will generally be subject to the disciplines of Chapter Twelve, the United States will be exempt
from the national treatment, most-favored nation treatment, market access for financial
institutions, cross-border trade, and senior management and boards of directors obligations for all
state and local measures existing on the date on which the Agreement enters into force. State
and local measures adopted after that date, however, will generally be subject to these
obligations.
The Agreement does not prevent the United States or state and local governments from
enacting, modifying, or fully enforcing domestic laws protecting consumers, health, safety, or
the environment.
VII. Conclusion
States and localities are poised to benefit from the Agreement. The United States is the
single largest foreign supplier of goods and services to Panama: In 2010, 28 percent of total
goods imported by Panama came from the United States. Moreover, in 2010, approximately 98
6
percent of products imported from Panama entered the United States duty-free under the CBI and
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) preference programs and existing NTR/MFN duty-free
treatment. The Agreement would provide reciprocal access for U.S. goods in Panama, thereby
leveling the playing field for U.S. products. It also would provide increased access for U.S.
firms to services sectors in Panama, including opportunities in telecommunications, express
delivery, computer and related services, tourism, energy services, transport, construction and
engineering, financial services, insurance, audiovisual services and entertainment, professional
services, environmental services, and other sectors.
Additionally, the Agreement will foster transparency, openness, and the rule of law in
Panama, as well as supporting that country’s efforts on environmental protection and labor. The
Agreement will also provide an impetus toward the goal of free trade in the Western
Hemisphere.
We do not believe that state and local governments will need additional resources to deal
with the effects of increased trade under the Agreement.
7
Attachment
Arkansas
Colorado
Florida
Illinois
Mississippi
New York
Texas
Utah
Puerto Rico
8
Final Environmental Review
Pursuant to authority delegated by the President in Executive Order 13277 (67 Fed. Reg. 70305)
and consistent with Executive Order 13141 (64 Fed. Reg. 63169) and its Guidelines (65 Fed. Reg.
79442), the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) submits this Final
Environmental Review of the United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA or
Agreement), as provided for under section 2102(c)(4) of the Trade Act of 2002 (Trade Act).
On November 18, 2003, in accordance with section 2104(a) of the Trade Act, U.S. Trade
Representative Robert B. Zoellick notified the Congress of the President’s intent to enter into
negotiations for a Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) with Panama. The formal launch of
negotiations took place on April 26, 2004. Negotiations were concluded on December 19, 2006,
and the Agreement was signed by U.S. Trade Representative Susan C. Schwab and Panamanian
Minister of Commerce and Industry Alejandro Ferrer on June 28, 2007.
The environmental review process examines possible environmental effects that may be
associated with the TPA. In identifying and examining these possible effects, the Administration
drew on relevant published economic analysis and on public comments submitted in response to
notices in the Federal Register (69 Fed. Reg. 19262, April 12, 2004, and 69 Fed. Reg. 41876, July
12, 2004) and a variety of sources of published information. The review also draws on the
environmental and economic expertise of federal agencies. Consistent with Executive Order
13141 and its Guidelines, the focus of the review is on potential impacts in the United States.
Additionally, this review includes consideration of global and transboundary effects.
Findings
1. In this Final Environmental Review, the Administration has concluded that changes in the
pattern and magnitude of trade flows attributable to the TPA will not have any significant
environmental impacts in the United States. Based on existing patterns of trade and changes
likely to result from implementation of the TPA, the impact of the TPA on total U.S.
production through changes in U.S. exports appears likely to be very small. As a result, the
TPA is not expected to have significant direct effects on the environment of the United States.
While it is conceivable that there may be instances in which the economic and associated
environmental impacts are concentrated regionally or sectorally in the United States, the
Administration could not identify any such instances.
2. In considering whether provisions of the TPA could affect, positively or negatively, the ability
of U.S. federal, state, local, or tribal governments to enact, enforce, or maintain environmental
laws and regulations, the Administration took into account the full range of TPA obligations,
including those related to services, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical
barriers to trade (TBT), as well as provisions of the TPA Environment Chapter and related
dispute settlement provisions. The Administration concluded that the TPA will not adversely
affect the ability of U.S. federal, state, local, or tribal governments to regulate to protect the
U.S. environment, and that these and related TPA provisions should have positive implications
for the enforcement of environmental laws and the furtherance of environmental protection in
both the United States and Panama.
3. This review also carefully examined the provisions of the Investment Chapter and their
environmental implications. The Administration has not identified any concrete instances of
U.S. environmental measures that would be inconsistent with the TPA’s substantive
investment obligations. The Administration does not expect the TPA’s investor-state
mechanism to result in an increased potential for a successful challenge to U.S. environmental
measures.
4. Compared to its effects on the United States, the TPA may have relatively greater effects on
Panama’s economy. In the near term, however, net changes in production and trade are
expected to be small because most goods exports to the United States from Panama already
face low or zero tariffs. In addition, production and export of goods accounts for a small share
of the Panamanian economy. Longer term effects, through investment and economic
development, are expected to be greater but cannot currently be predicted in terms of type,
timing, and environmental implications.
5. The TPA may have positive environmental consequences in Panama by reinforcing efforts to
effectively enforce environmental laws, accelerating economic growth and development
through trade and investment, promoting sustainable development of natural resources, and
disseminating environmentally beneficial technologies. The public submissions process set
out in Article 17.8 of the Environment Chapter has significant potential to improve
environmental decision-making and transparency in Panama and to inform capacity-building
activities.
6. Through increased economic activity in Panama, the TPA may have indirect effects on the U.S.
environment, for example through effects on Panama’s habitat for wildlife, including
migratory species. This review examined a range of these possible impacts, but did not
identify any specific, significant consequences for the U.S. environment. Nevertheless, the
possibility of such effects requires ongoing monitoring. Monitoring of conditions in the U.S
environment will continue as an element of existing domestic environmental programs.
7. The TPA provides a context for enhancing cooperation activities to address both trade-related
and other environmental issues. As a complement to the TPA, the United States and Panama
have negotiated an Environmental Cooperation Agreement (ECA) that is expected to enhance
the positive environmental consequences of the TPA. The ECA will establish a
comprehensive framework for developing cooperative activities. An Environmental
Cooperation Commission, consisting of high-level officials with environmental
responsibilities from the United States and Panama, will oversee implementation of the ECA.
The TPA encourages the development of environmental performance measures, and the
Environmental Affairs Council, established by the Environment Chapter, will consider the
status of cooperation under the ECA as it reviews progress under the chapter.
ii
Final Environmental Review of the United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement
Annex
Organizations Providing Comments ............................................................................. 23
iii
I. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
The Trade Act of 2002 (Trade Act) establishes a number of negotiating objectives and other
priorities relating to the environment. As relevant here, the Trade Act contains three sets of
objectives: (i) overall trade negotiating objectives; (ii) principal trade negotiating objectives; and
(iii) promotion of certain priorities, including associated requirements to report to Congress.
The Trade Act’s “overall trade negotiating objectives” with respect to the environment include:
(1) ensuring that trade and environmental policies are mutually supportive and to seek to
protect and preserve the environment and enhance the international means of doing so,
while optimizing the use of the world’s resources (section 2102(a)(5)); and
(2) seeking provisions in trade agreements under which parties to those agreements strive
to ensure that they do not weaken or reduce the protections afforded in domestic
environmental laws as an encouragement for trade (section 2102(a)(7)).
In addition, the Trade Act establishes the following environment-related “principal trade
negotiating objectives”:
(1) ensuring that a party to a trade agreement with the United States does not fail to
effectively enforce its environmental laws, through a sustained or recurring course of
action or inaction, in a manner affecting trade between the parties, while recognizing a
party’s right to exercise discretion with respect to investigatory, prosecutorial, regulatory,
and compliance matters and to prioritize allocation of resources for environmental law
enforcement (sections 2102(b)(11)(A)&(B));
(2) strengthening the capacity of U.S. trading partners to protect the environment through
the promotion of sustainable development (section 2102(b)(11)(D));
(4) seeking market access, through the elimination of tariffs and nontariff barriers, for U.S.
environmental technologies, goods, and services (section 2102(b)(11)(F)); and
(5) ensuring that environmental, health or safety policies and practices of parties to trade
agreements with the United States do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate against
U.S. exports or serve as disguised barriers to trade (section 2102(b)(11)(G)).
The Trade Act also provides for the promotion of certain environment-related priorities and
associated reporting requirements, including:
The purpose of environmental reviews is to ensure that policymakers and the public are informed
about reasonably foreseeable environmental impacts of trade agreements (both positive and
negative), identify complementarities between trade and environmental objectives, and help shape
appropriate responses if environmental impacts are identified. Section 5(b) of Executive Order
13141 provides that “as a general matter, the focus of environmental reviews will be impacts in the
United States,” but “[a]s appropriate and prudent, reviews may also examine global and
transboundary impacts.” Reviews are intended to be one tool, among others, for integrating
environmental information and analysis into the fluid, dynamic process of trade negotiations.
USTR and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) jointly oversee implementation of the
Order and Guidelines. USTR, through the Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC), is responsible
for conducting the individual reviews.
The environmental review process provides opportunities for public involvement, including an
early and open process for determining the scope of the environmental review (“scoping”).
Through the scoping process, potentially significant issues are identified for in-depth analysis,
while issues that are less significant – or that have been adequately addressed in earlier reviews –
are eliminated from detailed study.
The Guidelines recognize that the approach adopted in individual reviews will vary from case to
case, given the wide variety of trade agreements and negotiating timetables. Generally, however,
reviews address two types of questions: (i) the extent to which positive and negative
environmental impacts may flow from economic changes estimated to result from the prospective
agreement; and (ii) the extent to which proposed agreement provisions may affect U.S.
environmental laws and regulations (including, as appropriate, the ability of state, local, and tribal
authorities to regulate with respect to environmental matters).
2
II. BACKGROUND1
Panama is an S-shaped isthmus located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea
and the Pacific Ocean. Located between Colombia and Costa Rica, Panama has approximately
2,490 kilometers of coastline and an area of 75,420 square kilometers. The climate is tropical
maritime with a prolonged rainy season.
Economy
Although Panama’s economy is small in relation to that of the United States, Panama is an
important trading partner. In 2010, bilateral goods trade between the United States and Panama
totaled $6.4 billion. The United States is an important market for Panama as a consequence of
proximity and the existence of relatively few market barriers for Panamanian goods. Under the
Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) and other U.S. trade preference programs, as well as duty-free
treatment provided on a most-favored-nation (MFN) basis, most exports from Panama currently
enter the United States duty-free.
Panama’s economy is based primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more
than three-quarters of GDP. Services include those related to the Panama Canal, banking, the
Colon Free Zone, insurance, container ports, and flagship registry. Manufacturing, mining,
utilities and construction together account for about 17 percent of GDP. Agriculture, forestry and
fishing account for 6 percent of GDP but employ roughly 15 percent of the workforce.
The Colon Free Zone (CFZ), located at the Caribbean entrance of the Panama Canal, is the largest
free trade zone in the Americas and the second largest in the world. Total trade for the CFZ is
more than $16 billion a year in imports and re-exports. The bulk of the trade flowing through the
CFZ is between Asia and Latin America.
Environment
Although Panama is a small country, the country’s ecosystems contain considerable biological
diversity and a high level of endemism.2 Panama’s biological diversity includes 10,444 species
of plants, of which 1,176 are endemic, and a large number and variety of vertebrates, including
1,157 species of ocean fish, 206 species of fresh water fish, 179 species of amphibians, 229
species of reptiles, 957 species of birds, and 259 species of mammals.3
1
Additional background information is available in the Interim Environmental Review, available at:
http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Panama%20interim%20review.pdf.
2
For additional information, see: “Nature, People and Well Being: Mesoamerica Fact Book,” Partners and Donors
Conference, Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, Paris, France, December 12-13, 2002, University of Costa Rica
Development Observatory and the Central American Development and Environment Commission (“Mesoamerica
Fact Book”), available at: http://www.ccad.ws/pccbm/docs/mesoamerica_factbook.pdf.
3
See “Informe del Estado del Ambiente, GEO Panamá 2009,” Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente Panamá; available
3
Panama’s marine and coastal environment is found in both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific
Ocean. The Pacific side of the isthmus is part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape, whose
environment is governed by both a seasonal upwelling and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. This
region is characterized by abundant and spectacular marine life, including migratory populations
of fish, whales, fur seals, sea lions, sharks, and globally endangered sea turtles and seabirds.
Important coastal habitats in the Pacific include coral reefs, large mangrove forests, estuaries,
rocky coastal cliffs, and sandy beaches.4 On the Caribbean side of the isthmus, coral reefs are
abundant and diverse. Mangrove forests and seagrass beds provide refuges, feeding grounds, and
spawning areas for numerous coastal species of the Caribbean, such as bivalves, gastropods,
octopus, squid, oysters, crabs, lobsters, sharks, snook, and snapper.5
Panama faces considerable challenges in protecting its environment as it supports its economic
and population growth. Among the most pressing environmental issues are: deforestation, land
degradation and soil erosion, loss of wildlife habitats and wetland destruction, threats to water
quality such as water pollution from agricultural runoff, and depletion of fishery resources.
Land-Use and Forest Management: Although Panama has the second highest percentage of
protected land in Central America, much of the original forest area has been developed over the
past 60 years.6 Economic development and accompanying changes in land use have contributed to
the expansion of urban areas and clearing of forest land for agriculture. This has resulted in
significant loss of forest cover, and in some parts of the country desertification is a threat.
Water Use: The Panamanian climate produces considerable annual rainfall – on average,
approximately 3,000 millimeters – with higher annual totals on the Pacific coast than on the
Caribbean coast. Nevertheless, operation of the Panama Canal places a heavy demand on
Panama’s water supply: 58 percent of the annual rainfall is used in the operation of the Canal.
Each lock in the system uses an estimated 10 million cubic meters of water daily in its operation.
The Canal is currently designed to accommodate about 50 ships per day, and 52 million gallons of
water is necessary in order for one ship to pass through the Canal lock system. The Panama Canal
Authority (ACP) is responsible for the administration, use, and conservation of the hydrological
resources of the Canal watershed. Over 50 percent of the water for Canal operations comes from
land currently under protection through a fund created under the U.S. Tropical Forest
Conservation Act.7
at: http://www.anam.gob.pa/images/stories/documentos_pdf/INFORME_GEO_PANAMA_2009.pdf.
4
See “A New Future for Marine Conservation: Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape,” available at:
www.conservation.org.
5
See P. Miloslavich and E. Klein (eds), Caribbean Marine Biodiversity: the Known and the Unknown (2005).
6
GEO Panamá 2009, supra note 3; and Mesoamerica Fact Book, supra note 2.
7
Further information on the debt-for-nature swap is available at:
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/forestry/tfca_descs.html#Panama.
4
Environmental Laws: Panama’s Environmental Law (Law No. 41 of July 1, 1998) established the
framework legislation for standards of protection, conservation, and recovery of the environment,
and created the National System of Protected Areas.8 It also created an autonomous entity, the
National Environment Authority (ANAM), that is charged with the development of national
environmental policy, management of natural resources and environmental issues, administration,
and enforcement. ANAM issues environmental regulations and can also impose fines for
violations of these regulations. Environmental impact studies are required for activities and
projects, public or private, which could generate environmental risk. Failure to comply can lead to
fines or temporary or permanent suspension of activities. Panama has specific environmental laws
addressing air quality and emissions controls; water, including water control and effluents; land
and biodiversity; and establishing and/or strengthening institutional mechanisms.
Although Panama has made progress in establishing national and regional frameworks for
addressing environmental problems, the lack of fiscal and human resources has hampered
Panama’s ability to effectively implement and enforce its environmental laws. The challenges
faced in enforcement at the national level include the need to strengthen enforcement and
compliance mechanisms and national institutions. Local and regional levels of government also
face constraints with respect to their ability to implement and enforce mandates and programs.
The U.S. goods trade surplus with Panama was nearly $5.7 billion in 2010. U.S. goods exports to
Panama in 2010 were $6.1 billion. U.S. goods imports from Panama in 2010 were $379 million.
Panama is currently the 36th largest export market for U.S. goods. The stock of U.S. foreign direct
investment (FDI) in Panama in 2009 was $7.8 billion and is concentrated largely in the non-bank
holding companies and the banking sector. Major U.S. exports to Panama currently include
petroleum oils, machinery and equipment, and aircraft. Major U.S. imports from Panama include
fish and crustaceans, precious stones and metals, bananas, pineapples, and cane sugar.
8
Ley No. 41- Ley General de Ambiente (Pana.), July 1, 1998, online at
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/APPS/LEGISPAN/PDF_NORMAS/1990/1998/1998_159_0225.pdf.
9
Additional details on U.S-Panama goods trade are available from the U.S. International Trade Commission. See:
“U.S.-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential Economy-wide and Selected Sectoral Effects”. USITC
Publication 3948, September 2007; available at: http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub3948.pdf.
5
III. THE UNITED STATES – PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT
The TPA is a comprehensive trade agreement, addressing areas such as trade in goods and services,
investment, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights, government procurement, and
trade-related environmental and labor matters.
The TPA consists of a preamble and the following 22 chapters and associated annexes: initial
provisions; general definitions; national treatment and market access for goods; rules of origin and
origin procedures; customs administration and trade facilitation; sanitary and phytosanitary
measures; technical barriers to trade; trade remedies; government procurement; investment;
cross-border trade in services; financial services; telecommunications; electronic commerce;
intellectual property rights; labor; environment; transparency; administration of the agreement and
trade capacity building; dispute settlement; exceptions; and final provisions. The complete text of
the TPA, related annexes and side letters, and summary fact sheets are available on USTR’s
website at: http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/panama-tpa/final-text.
The following is a summary of the TPA provisions most relevant to this Final Environmental
Review. The provisions of the Environment Chapter are described in Section III.B.
Tariff commitments by the United States and Panama (the Parties) will provide immediate benefits
for both countries. Approximately 87 percent of U.S. exports of consumer and industrial products
to Panama will be duty-free immediately when the Agreement enters into force, and an additional
five percent will be duty-free within five years. All remaining tariffs on consumer and industrial
goods will be eliminated within ten years. Under the CBI and other U.S. trade preference
programs, as well as duty-free treatment provided on an MFN basis, most goods from Panama
already enter the United States duty-free. The Agreement will make duty-free treatment of
Panamanian goods permanent, thereby providing certainty for businesses and investors.
More than half of current U.S. agricultural exports to Panama will become duty-free immediately,
including high quality beef, other meat and poultry products, soybeans and soybean products, most
fresh fruits and tree nuts, distilled spirits and wine, and a wide assortment of processed products.
U.S. farm products benefiting from expanded market access opportunities through tariff-rate
quotas include pork, chicken leg quarters, dairy products, corn, rice, refined corn oil, dried beans,
frozen french fries, and tomato products. Tariffs on most remaining U.S. agricultural products will
be phased out within 15 years.
The TPA sets out rules for determining whether a good qualifies for preferential treatment,
including methods for valuing products under certain product-specific rules of origin. The TPA
includes specific obligations on customs procedures to ensure compliance with laws governing
importation. In particular, the TPA requires internet publication of customs procedures, speedy
6
release of goods, the use of advance binding rulings, and specific commitments related to express
delivery shipments, as well as provisions on the use of information technology and risk assessment
techniques. The TPA addresses transshipment concerns by requiring Panama to maintain a
monitoring program in its free trade zones and to provide U.S. Customs and Border Protection
with access to information collected in connection with the program.
The United States and Panama reaffirm their commitments under the World Trade Organization
(WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, and the TPA
creates a process for enhanced cooperation and coordination on sanitary and phytosanitary issues.
The United States and Panama reaffirm their commitments to the WTO Agreement on Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), and the TPA creates a process for enhanced cooperation and
coordination on technical regulations and standards.
Trade Remedies
The TPA includes provisions governing imposition of bilateral safeguard measures and provides
that each Party maintains its rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.
Government Procurement
The TPA will provide a more predictable procurement environment for U.S. suppliers. Panama
has committed to using open, transparent, and non-discriminatory procurement procedures,
including with respect to procurement by the Panama Canal Authority. The Chapter includes
requirements for advance public notice of procurement opportunities and provision of tender
documentation to all interested suppliers in a timely fashion, as well as timely and effective bid
review procedures.
Investment
The TPA establishes a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors operating in Panama.
The TPA imposes obligations pertaining to non-discrimination (national treatment and MFN
treatment), expropriation, free transfers related to covered investments, prohibition on the use of
certain performance requirements, minimum standard of treatment, and limitations on
requirements relating to senior managers. These investor protections are backed by a transparent,
binding international arbitration mechanism, under which investors may, at their own initiative,
bring claims against either government for an alleged breach of the provisions of the Investment
Chapter.
The TPA preamble states that the agreement does not provide foreign investors with greater
substantive rights with respect to investment protections than domestic investors have under
7
domestic law where, as in the United States, protections of investor rights under domestic law
equal or exceed those set forth in the TPA.
Services
The TPA permits substantial market access across the entire services regimes (based on the
“negative list” approach), subject to limited exceptions. Panama has agreed to exceed its
commitments made in the WTO, and to dismantle significant services and investment barriers.
The TPA requires the Parties to provide national treatment and MFN treatment to each other’s
services suppliers. Regulatory authorities must use open and transparent administrative
procedures, consult with interested parties before issuing regulations, provide advance notice and
comment periods for proposed rules, and publish all regulations.
The Intellectual Property Rights Chapter provides for strong protection of copyrights, patents, and
trademarks, including enhanced enforcement and non-discrimination obligations for all types of
intellectual property. Through the copyright provisions, Parties will address the challenge of
providing protection in the digital environment of the internet and provide important protection for
performers and producers of phonograms. Under the TPA, the Parties will provide strong
protections for trademarks and limit the grounds for revoking a patent. The Chapter provides for
streamlined trademark filing processes and improved protection of trademark owners’ rights.
Labor
The TPA’s Labor Chapter reaffirms the Parties’ obligations as members of the International Labor
Organization (ILO) and commits them to adopt and maintain in their laws and practice the
fundamental labor rights, as stated in the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and
Rights at Work and its Follow-up, including for purposes of the Chapter a prohibition on the worst
forms of child labor. The TPA further provides that neither Party may waive or otherwise derogate
from the laws that implement this obligation in a manner affecting trade or investment between the
Parties. The chapter commits each Party to effectively enforce its labor laws. Procedural
guarantees ensure that workers and employers will continue to have fair, equitable, and transparent
access to labor tribunals. All obligations in the chapter are subject to the same dispute settlement
procedures and enforcement mechanisms as obligations in other chapters of the TPA. The Chapter
also establishes a mechanism for further cooperation on labor matters.
Transparency
The Transparency Chapter requires each Party to ensure that laws, regulations, procedures, and
administrative rulings of general application on matters covered by the TPA are published or
otherwise made available to the public. In addition, the chapter requires each Party, to the extent
possible, to publish in advance any measure it proposes to adopt and provide a reasonable
opportunity for interested parties to comment. The chapter also requires each government to
establish and maintain procedures for review of administrative actions regarding matters covered
8
by the Agreement. The Chapter also contains strong anti-corruption commitments, including
criminalization of bribery in matters affecting international trade or investment.
Dispute Settlement
Exceptions
For certain chapters, the Parties agreed to incorporate into the TPA Article XX of the GATT 1994
or Article XIV of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The Parties understand
that the measures referred to in Article XX(b) of the GATT 1994 include environmental measures
necessary to protect human, animal, or plant life or health, and that Article XX(g) of the GATT
1994 applies to measures relating to the conservation of living and non-living exhaustible natural
resources. The Parties also understand that the measures referred to in Article XIV(b) of GATS
include environmental measures necessary to protect human, animal, or plant life or health. The
TPA also includes a general exception for measures that a Party considers necessary for the
protection of its essential security interests.
Building on the Parties’ trade capacity building efforts during the TPA negotiations, the TPA
creates a Committee for Trade Capacity Building for the purpose of defining and identifying
priority needs to assist Panama to implement its commitments and maximize the benefits provided
under the TPA.
Following guidance in the Trade Act and the May 10, 2007, accord between the Administration
and the bipartisan leadership of Congress, the TPA’s Environment Chapter requires each Party:
(1) to strive to maintain high levels of environmental protection and to strive to improve those
levels; (2) to effectively enforce its environmental laws, and to adopt, maintain and implement
laws and all other measures to fulfill its obligations under certain multilateral environmental
agreements (MEAs) to which both Panama and the United States are party (“covered
agreements)1011; and (3) not to waive or otherwise derogate from environmental laws in order to
10
The chapter states that to establish a violation of this obligation, a Party must demonstrate that the other Party has
failed to adopt, maintain, or implement a measure in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.
11
The covered agreements are: (a) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora, done at Washington, March 3, 1973, as amended; (b) the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
9
attract trade or investment, except where the waiver or derogation is pursuant to a provision in the
Party’s law providing for waivers or derogations and is not inconsistent with the Party’s
obligations under a covered agreement. In addition, the Chapter commits each Party not to fail to
effectively enforce its environmental laws, and its laws, regulations, and other measures to fulfill
its obligations under covered agreements through a sustained or recurring course of action or
inaction, in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties. All obligations in the
Chapter are subject to the same dispute settlement procedures and enforcement mechanisms
applicable to obligations in other chapters of the agreement.
To assist in the administration and implementation of the Environment Chapter, the Agreement
establishes an Environmental Affairs Council to oversee the implementation of the Chapter. The
Council will comprise high-level government officials from each Party and will meet annually
unless the Parties agree otherwise.
The TPA contains a public submissions process that will allow members of the public to raise
concerns regarding the Parties’ enforcement of environmental laws with an independent
secretariat. The TPA public submission provisions are similar to the public submissions process
established in the Dominican Republic – Central America – United States Free Trade Agreement
(CAFTA-DR) and the Peru and Colombia Trade Promotion Agreements. The provisions build
upon Articles 14 and 15 of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
(NAAEC).
Under the TPA public submissions process, a person of a Party may file a submission alleging that
Ozone Layer, done at Montreal, September 16, 1987, as adjusted and amended; (c) the Protocol of 1978 Relating to
the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, done at London, February 17, 1978, as
amended; (d) the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, done at
Ramsar, February 2, 1971, as amended; (e) the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources,
done at Canberra, May 20, 1980; (f) the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, done at Washington,
December 2, 1946; and (g) the Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission,
done at Washington, May 31, 1949.
10
a Party is failing to effectively enforce its environmental laws with a secretariat that the Parties will
designate, and the secretariat will review the submission in light of specified criteria.12 The
secretariat will prepare a factual record if either member of the Council requests that it do so. The
TPA also provides that the Council will review any factual record prepared in light of the
objectives of the Environment Chapter and the ECA, and may make recommendations to the
ECA’s Environmental Cooperation Commission concerning matters addressed in the factual
record, including recommendations related to the further development of the Party’s mechanisms
for monitoring its environmental enforcement. This provision is an important innovation that is
not found in the NAAEC.
Further details of the submissions process, including measures to ensure effective public
participation in that process in furtherance of the TPA environment package goals, will be
established through working arrangements to be developed by the Parties.
Combined with other elements in the environment package (e.g., robust environmental
cooperation and capacity building under the ECA, see Section VII infra), the public submissions
process should significantly contribute to improved environmental governance and transparency
in Panama.
To determine the scope of this review, the Administration considered information provided by the
public, advice of USTR’s advisory committee on trade and environment issues, the Trade and
Environment Policy Advisory Committee (TEPAC), and input from environmental, trade and
investment experts within federal agencies. In addition to providing guidance on the scope of the
environmental review, any information, analysis, and insights available from these sources were
taken into account throughout the negotiations and were considered in developing U.S. negotiating
positions. As envisaged by the guidelines, environmental reviews are an ongoing process to
examine environmental issues and inform the negotiating process.
Pursuant to Trade Act requirements (section 2104(e)), advisory committees, including TEPAC,
submitted reports on the TPA to the President, USTR, and Congress within 30 days after the
President notified Congress of his intent to enter into the Agreement. The TEPAC report is
summarized in section IV.B.
A. Public Comments
This review was formally initiated by publication of a notice in the Federal Register, which
requested public comment on the scope of the review (see 69 Fed. Reg. 19262, April 12, 2004).
Comments received in response to that notice were taken into account in the preparation of this
Final Environmental Review. Further public comment was requested on the Interim
12
The TPA’s public submissions procedure is not available to U.S. persons wishing to raise concerns regarding U.S.
enforcement of U.S. environmental laws because such persons already have available to them other remedies
including the procedures under Articles 14 and 15 of the NAAEC.
11
Environment Review (see 69 Fed. Reg. 41876 (July 12, 2004)).13
Comments on the scope are summarized in the Interim Environmental Review. These comments
requested that duty-free access to the U.S. markets not be permanently granted for either sugar or
garlic and dehydrated onion, noting that the environmental standards required for the production
of these agricultural products are much higher in the United States than in Panama. No comments
were received on the Interim Environmental Review.
Under Section 135(e) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, advisory committee reports must
include advisory opinions as to whether and to what extent an agreement promotes the economic
interests of the United States and achieves the applicable overall and principal negotiating
objectives set forth in the Trade Act of 2002. The reports must also include advisory opinions as to
whether an agreement provides for equity and reciprocity within the sectoral or functional area of
the particular committee. The advisory committee reports are available at:
http://ustraderep.gov/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral/Panama_FTA/Reports/Section_Index.html.
A majority of TEPAC members supported the conclusion that the TPA meets Congress’s
negotiating objectives as they relate to environmental matters. The committee’s report on the TPA
notes similarities between the TPA and the CAFTA-DR and therefore makes reference to the
TEPAC report on the CAFTA-DR as a source for a detailed assessment of relevant provisions.
The report stressed the need for an experienced, well-funded secretariat and the need to learn
lessons from the CAFTA-DR experience as the ECA with Panama is implemented.
The report reiterates the view that public participation helps ensure that an agreement and its
provisions operate as intended, while guaranteeing more effective enforcement of environmental
laws. The TEPAC majority also noted the inclusion of enhanced public participation mechanisms
and that the TPA’s investment provisions demonstrate continued improvements, as compared to
earlier trade agreements. A majority of members also expressed the view that trade agreements
can create opportunities to enhance environmental protection. The TEPAC majority recognized
the enhanced public participation provisions of the TPA and noted with approval that dispute
settlement panels will accept submissions from civil society. A majority of TEPAC members also
supported the negotiation of the ECA, yet expressed concern that the ECA lacked specificity
regarding areas of cooperation and affords little guidance on the areas that might be addressed.
The TEPAC majority also expressed concerns regarding the availability of funds for activities to
be undertaken through the ECA.
A minority of TEPAC members expressed concerns, including that: (1) the Agreement’s
environmental provisions would not ensure that environmental protection in Panama is improved
in a meaningful way; and (2) the public submissions process does not provide clear outcomes or
actions to ensure effective enforcement of environmental laws.
13
The Interim Review is available at: http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Panama%20interim%20review.pdf.
12
V. POTENTIAL ECONOMICALLY-DRIVEN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The impact of the TPA on total U.S. production through changes in U.S. exports appears likely to
be very small. Panama is an important trading partner, but current U.S. exports to Panama account
for a small fraction of total U.S. goods exports (less than half of one percent) and an even smaller
share of total U.S production. In its analysis of the potential economy-wide effects of the TPA, the
U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) estimated that the TPA was likely to have a
positive, but small effect on the U.S. economy due to the small size of Panama’s economy relative
to that of the United States.14 Although small changes in production and export in
environmentally-sensitive sectors could provide a basis for concern regarding the TPA’s direct
environmental effects in the United States, no instances warranting such concerns were identified
and none were raised in public comments or the reports of the advisory committees (see section
IV). Any increases in exports are expected to be in sectors whose production does not raise
specific environmental concerns. Based on this information and analysis, the Administration has
concluded that changes in the pattern and magnitude of trade flows and production attributable to
the TPA will not have any significant economically driven environmental impacts in the United
States. Liberalization of services can be expected to have an economic impact in the United States
although here, too, the effect of the TPA is likely to be small, and we could not identify any
environmentally sensitive sectors in the United States likely to be affected by such impacts.
Environmental reviews of other trade agreements have identified invasive species as a domestic
environmental concern related to increases in goods trade that may result from trade agreements.15
Goods trade can provide pathways for invasive species, and the introduction of invasive species
can result in harmful effects on the environment and economy of the host country. The risk of
introduction of invasive species varies across traded commodities and trading partners. Although
this review of the TPA did not identify any specific concerns related to the introduction of invasive
species from Panama, there is a baseline risk that invasive species may move between Panama and
the United States. It is difficult to quantify the extent or the magnitude of the TPA’s likely effect
on this risk. The net change in the volume of trade and the associated commodity pathways for
invasive species is likely to be small (see above). However, change in the volume of trade and the
number of potentially invasive species that may be transported is only one factor in a broad-scale
assessment of the risk of introducing invasive species.
The TPA does not alter either country’s regulatory framework for managing risks associated with
the introduction of invasive species. The TPA also does not alter related regulations such as those
regulating agricultural and other trade for the purpose of protecting against the introduction of
agricultural pest or diseases. In addition, the TPA’s cooperation mechanism provides the
opportunity for the two countries to cooperate to monitor and assess risks associated with invasive
species.
14
The USITC report is available at: http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub3948.pdf.
15
See, for example, final reviews of the CAFTA-DR and the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement,
available at: http://www.ustr.gov/trade-topics/environment/environmental-reviews.
13
B. Transboundary and Global Issues
The Administration examined a large number and wide variety of environmental issues with
potential global and transboundary impacts in determining the scope of this review. These issues
were provisionally identified through public comments and through an open-ended scoping
process with agencies with environment, trade, and economic expertise. The Administration
subsequently eliminated topics from further and more detailed analysis when initial findings
revealed that there was no identifiable link to the TPA. The following topics warranted further
consideration.
As compared to its effects in the United States, the TPA may have relatively greater impacts on the
Panamanian economy and, through those impacts, on its environment. However, as described
above (see section II.C), the services sector accounts for the largest share of the Panamanian
economy. In addition, because tariffs for many Panamanian agricultural and industrial goods are
already low, we concluded that the TPA is not likely to lead to any significant economically driven
environmental impacts in Panama through changes in trade flows and increases in Panamanian
industrial or agricultural production.
The environmental effects of the TPA may be both positive and negative in Panama. Given the
long shared history of the Canal, U.S. investment in Panama is already quite high. The TPA may
further increase investment, trade, and production in the region, which may be associated with
further pressure on the environment. However, commitments in the TPA, such as those to
effectively enforce environmental laws, are likely to have a positive effect, especially when
coupled with capacity-building and environmental cooperation activities.
Panama is home to the second highest number of birds of any country in Central and North
America. Panama’s four sites designated under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of
International Importance include the Bay of Panama, which is also a designated site of the Western
Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Site, with mudflats and mangroves that host millions of migrating
shorebirds important to North American ecosystems. Of the 1,007 migratory bird species
currently protected under the U.S. Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), some 350 neotropical
migratory species (mainly songbirds) migrate through or are winter residents in Panama and other
Central American, Caribbean, or South American countries. Sixteen globally threatened bird
species occur regularly in Panama. Of these, two are endangered (the Great Green Macaw and the
Yellow-billed Cotinga), and 14 are classified as vulnerable.16 There are also 24 regularly
occurring near threatened species in Panama. A number of the bird species listed under the U.S.
Endangered Species Act (currently 77 endangered and 15 threatened species) are found in
Panama.17
16
Birdlife International, Important Bird Areas AMERICAS: Panama (2009), available at:
http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AmCntryPDFs/Panama.pdf.
17
Of the MBTA-protected species, 131 are currently listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as Birds of
14
Deforestation and subsequent loss of migratory bird and wildlife habitat is a concern throughout
Central America, including Panama. Although Panama has designated large areas as national
parks, and large tracts of tropical forests remain intact, a variety of land use practices, including
commercial and subsistence agriculture and development, diminish the extent and quality of
habitat for migratory birds in Panama. While the services sector dominates Panama’s economy
and export earnings, approximately half of Panama’s current goods exports to the United States
consist of agricultural products. However, (as noted above) most U.S. imports from Panama,
including agricultural products, already enter the United States duty-free under U.S. trade
preference programs or on an MFN basis. Therefore, the Administration has concluded that the
TPA is not likely to have a significant, negative impact on habitat in Panama for migratory birds
through increases in trade and production of products that may be associated with deforestation
and forest degradation.
Documented trade in wild plants, animals and animal products between the United States and
Panama is relatively small, and most of it is regulated under the Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), to which both the United States and
Panama are parties. Generally, U.S. tariffs on wild plants and animals imported from Panama are
already very low or zero; therefore, the Administration has concluded that the TPA is not likely to
cause an increase in wildlife trade.
Although implementation of CITES in Panama has raised some concerns in the past, Panama is
now classified as a “Category 1” country under the CITES National Legislation Project. Category
1 is the designation for countries with national legislation that is adequate to implement the
provisions of CITES.18 Along with other obligations in the Environment Chapter (see section
III.B), this obligation is subject to the TPA’s dispute settlement procedures and enforcement
mechanisms.
Given the legal protections for wildlife and endangered species in place in both the United States
and Panama, and the fact that the TPA includes commitments to effectively enforce environmental
laws and the obligation to implement covered MEAs, such as CITES, the Administration has
concluded that the TPA is unlikely to contribute to an increase in illegal trade of wildlife or
endangered species. The TPA’s provisions related to customs cooperation may help to reduce
illegal trade, and the TPA’s cooperation mechanism will provide opportunities to enhance
cooperation related to wildlife and endangered species conservation.
Turtles
The Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles (IAC) is the
only binding treaty in the world to protect sea turtles. Panama joined the IAC recently and has just
begun to participate in the Scientific and Consultative Committee. Its continued participation will
be critical for regional efforts to conserve sea turtles, particularly since it is home to five out the
Conservation Concern.
18
Additional background information is available in the Interim Environmental Review, available at:
http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Panama%20interim%20review.pdf.
15
seven species of sea turtles in the world between its Pacific and Caribbean coasts – green,
hawksbills, leatherbacks, olive ridleys, and loggerheads.
Section 609 of Public Law 101-162 requires the President (who has delegated the authority to the
Department of State) to make annual certifications to the Congress for countries that meet the
requirements of Section 609 in terms of sea turtle protection for commercial shrimp trawl fisheries.
Any country that is not certified may not export commercially-harvested shrimp and shrimp
products to the United States. This certification requirement does not affect shrimp and shrimp
products from aquaculture or artisanal fisheries. This certification program has been applicable to
South American countries with shrimp fisheries in the Pacific Ocean since 1996. Certification
decisions are based in part on bi-annual verification visits conducted by Department of State and
National Marine Fisheries Service personnel to observe compliance and enforcement. To meet the
standard for certification a country must have a regulatory program governing the incidental take
of sea turtles in commercial trawl shrimp fisheries that is comparable to that in the United States
and an incidental take rate of sea turtles in those shrimp fisheries that is comparable to that in the
United States.
On May 1, 2011, the Department of State certified 39 countries, including Panama, as meeting the
requirements set by Section 609 of P.L. 101-162 for continued export of shrimp to the United
States.
The TPA will not affect the certification requirement in Section 609, or the manner in which the
Department of State assesses and makes decisions on the effectiveness of foreign governments in
their implementation and enforcement of their domestic laws related to protection of sea turtles.
The TPA is expected to provide opportunities to reinforce efforts to protect turtles through the
obligation to effectively enforce environmental laws and through environmental cooperation
activities aimed at turtle conservation.
Tuna/Dolphin
19
See http://www.iattc.org/IDCPENG.htm.
16
In January 2009, the United States identified Panama as having vessels engaged in illegal,
unreported, or unregulated (IUU) fishing under the High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium
Protection Act based on noncompliance with IATTC and Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
Organization (NAFO) conservation and management measures. Panama subsequently took
actions to address, or provide information challenging the basis of, the IUU fishing activities of
their vessels and received a positive certification.20
In January 2011, the United States again identified Panama as having vessels engaged in IUU
fishing under the High Seas Driftnet Fishing Moratorium Protection Act based on noncompliance
with IATTC measures.21 The United States is currently engaged in consultations with Panama
regarding these matters, and a certification decision on Panama will be released in the next
biennial report to Congress (due in 2013).
Panama has expressed a willingness to better control its tuna fishery. While some issues remain
outstanding, Panama has been engaged with the United States and other delegations on issues of
IUU fishing, capacity controls, and tuna conservation and management.
The TPA does not alter or supersede the IATTC or the AIDCP. On the contrary, through the
obligation to effectively enforce environmental laws (including those related to implementation of
commitments under the IATTC), the TPA is expected to complement and reinforce existing
fisheries management and dolphin conservation activities.
Consistent with Executive Order 13141 and its Guidelines, this review included consideration of
the extent to which the TPA might affect U.S. environmental laws, regulations, policies, and/or
international commitments. Within the range of TPA obligations, those related to investment,
services, and TBT can have particular significance for domestic regulatory practices concerning
the environment, health, and safety. Previous environmental reviews, including the preliminary
and final reviews for U.S. free trade agreements with Jordan, Chile, Singapore, Australia, Morocco,
Central America and the Dominican Republic, Bahrain, Oman, and Peru, have considered
potential impacts on the U.S. regulatory regime with respect to all of these obligations and have
found that the respective trade agreements were not anticipated to have a negative impact on U.S.
legal or regulatory authority or practices. Further, the reviews noted the potentially positive
impact that the agreements could have on the U.S. environmental regulatory regime as a result of
the agreements’ commitments concerning effective enforcement of U.S. environmental laws, not
waiving U.S. environmental laws to attract trade or investment, and providing for high levels of
environmental protection in U.S. environmental laws and policies. As a result of the May 10, 2007,
accord between the Administration and the bipartisan Congressional leadership, the TPA and other
trade agreements pending at that time include strengthened environmental provisions.
20
See January 2011 Biennial Report to Congress, available at:
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/msa2007/docs/biennia_report_to_congress.pdf.
21
Ibid.
17
Based on this previous analysis, and given that the core obligations in these areas are similar to
those undertaken in the earlier trade agreements, the Administration has concluded that the TPA
will not have a negative impact on the ability of U.S. government authorities to enforce or maintain
U.S. environmental laws or regulations.
For a more in-depth analysis of general trade agreement commitments and their potential
regulatory impacts in the United States, see the previous reviews at:
http://www.ustr.gov/trade-topics/environment/environmental-reviews.
B. Investment
Investment provisions in trade agreements were a matter of intense debate during Congress’
consideration of the Trade Act. The central question was the appropriate balance that should be
struck between protecting the rights of U.S. investors abroad and preserving the ability of the
federal government and state and local governments to regulate with respect to health, safety, and
the environment.
In the Trade Act, Congress recognized that securing a stable investment climate and a level
playing field for U.S. investment abroad are important objectives of U.S. trade policy. By
fostering economic growth and job creation, investment can bring important benefits, including
potential benefits to the environment: as wealth grows and poverty decreases, more resources
become available for environmental protection, with potential benefits for developing countries,
particularly as they develop constituencies in favor of increased environmental protection.
However, Congress also gave weight to concerns that arbitral claims brought by investors against
governments (through “investor-State” arbitration) could be used inappropriately to challenge U.S.
domestic laws and regulations, including those concerning the environment. As the Conference
Report accompanying the Trade Act states: “[I]t is a priority for negotiators to seek agreements
protecting the rights of U.S. investors abroad and ensuring the existence of a neutral investor-State
dispute settlement mechanism. At the same time, these protections must be balanced so that they
do not come at the expense of making U.S. Federal, State, and local laws and regulations more
vulnerable to successful challenges by foreign investors than by similarly situated U.S.
investors.”22
The Trade Act strikes a balance between these two goals by recommending U.S. trade negotiating
objectives that clarify several substantive investment obligations of particular concern (notably,
provisions on expropriation and “fair and equitable treatment”). The objectives seek to ensure that
foreign investors in the United States are not accorded greater substantive rights than U.S.
investors in the United States, while also securing for U.S. investors abroad core protections that
are comparable to those that would be available to them under U.S. law. Other objectives in the
Trade Act addressed concerns that investor-State arbitration be conducted efficiently and arbitral
tribunals interpret substantive obligations in a consistent and coherent manner. After enactment of
the Trade Act, the Administration consulted extensively with Congress and with the business
community and environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in order to clarify
22
See H.R. Rep. No. 107-624, at 155 (2002).
18
provisions, develop new procedures, and ensure that those provisions and procedures fully
satisfied the Trade Act’s objectives. These provisions and procedures were ultimately
incorporated into each of the trade agreements negotiated under the Trade Act.
The TPA Investment Chapter includes the following substantive clarifications and procedural
innovations with relevance to the environment. These provisions were developed based on careful
consideration of Trade Act guidance and consultations with interested constituencies:
Expropriation. The expropriation provisions have been clarified in an annex to ensure that they
are consistent with U.S. legal principles and practice, including a clarification that
non-discriminatory regulatory actions designed and applied to protect the public welfare
(including environmental protection) do not constitute indirect expropriation “except in rare
circumstances.” To determine whether an indirect expropriation has occurred, the annex directs
tribunals to examine several factors, which derive from the analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court in
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978), the seminal case on
regulatory expropriation. The annex also clarifies that only tangible or intangible property rights
or interests in an investment are subject to the TPA’s obligations with respect to expropriation.
Increased transparency in the investor-State mechanism. The TPA provides that all substantive
documents submitted to or issued by an arbitral tribunal shall promptly be made public and that
23
See, for example, final reviews of the Singapore, Chile, Morocco, and CAFTA-DR free trade agreements, and the
U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement.
24
The full text of the investment chapters included in U.S. trade agreements currently in force can be accessed
through: http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements. Additional information can also be found in
the interim and final environmental reviews available at:
http://www.ustr.gov/trade-topics/environment/environmental-reviews.
19
hearings are open to the public, subject to provisions ensuring the protection of classified and
business confidential information. It also expressly authorizes amicus curiae submissions,
allowing the public to present views on issues in dispute.
Elimination and deterrence of frivolous claims. The TPA includes an expedited procedure to
allow for the dismissal of frivolous claims (based on Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure, i.e., the claimant has failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted) and for
the dismissal of claims based on jurisdictional objections. It also expressly authorizes awards of
attorneys’ fees and costs after a tribunal decides, as a preliminary question, whether to dismiss a
claim for lack of jurisdiction or for failure to state a claim on which relief may be granted.
Promoting consistency and coherence of arbitral decisions. The TPA allows interim review of
draft tribunal decisions by litigants and by the non-litigating Party. The litigants may comment on
the draft decision.
In addition to these improvements developed specifically in response to the Trade Act, the TPA
includes several provisions, similar to those in previous agreements, that accommodate the
flexibility that environmental regulators need to do their job and demonstrate the Parties’ intent
that the investment obligations should be interpreted in a manner consistent with each Party’s right
to regulate in the environmental area:
National treatment and MFN treatment for investors and their investments “in like circumstances.”
As in earlier U.S. bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and in Chapter 11 of the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the national treatment and MFN obligations of the TPA
Investment Chapter apply to investors “in like circumstances.” This means that domestic
regulation (including environmental regulation) may, in furtherance of non-discriminatory policy
objectives, distinguish between domestic and foreign investors and their investments, as well as
among investors of different countries and their investments, without necessarily violating the
national treatment and MFN obligations. For example, regulators in appropriate circumstances
may apply more stringent operating conditions to an investment located in a wetland, or in a more
heavily polluted area, than to an investment located in a less environmentally sensitive area.
Relationship to other provisions. The TPA includes provisions making clear that in the event of
any inconsistency between the Investment Chapter and any other chapter (including the
Environment Chapter), the other chapter will prevail to the extent of the inconsistency. While the
Administration does not believe there to be any inconsistencies between the Investment Chapter
and any other chapters, this provision clarifies the Parties’ intentions with respect to the
relationship between different chapters. The TPA Investment Chapter also provides that nothing
in the chapter shall be construed to prevent a Party from taking measures otherwise consistent with
the Investment Chapter to ensure that investment activity in its territory is undertaken in a manner
sensitive to environmental concerns. Furthermore, in the agreement’s Environment Chapter each
Party commits not to waive or derogate from its environmental laws in a manner that weakens or
reduces the protections afforded in those laws in a manner affecting trade or investment between
the Parties, except where the waiver or derogation is provided for in its law.
20
Potential Environmental Regulatory Impacts
The Administration has been unable to identify any concrete instances of U.S. environmental
measures that would be inconsistent with the TPA’s substantive investment obligations, and none
have been called to the Administration’s attention by commenters. No claims have ever been
brought against the United States under the almost 40 BITs that are currently in effect or under any
of our trade agreements other than the NAFTA. In the 17 years that the NAFTA has been in effect,
15 cases have been brought against the United States by Canadian or Mexican investors. The
United States has prevailed in all of the cases that have been decided to date.
The Administration also considered the views of the TEPAC and other commenters on investment
issues (see Section IV). The TEPAC majority concluded that the clarifications to the TPA’s
investment provisions were an improvement over those in NAFTA Chapter 11 (particularly the
clarification of the meaning of “indirect expropriation”), although the majority noted that some
concepts could be further clarified. The majority also found that these clarifications reduced the
possibility of a successful claim relating to a U.S. environmental measure. In addition, the
majority noted that other provisions provide important protections for environmental regulation:
the provision that another chapter (including the Environment Chapter) prevails over the
Investment Chapter in the event of an inconsistency; the provision that nothing in the Investment
Chapter should be construed to prevent a Party from taking measures otherwise consistent with the
Chapter to regulate investment in an environmentally sensitive manner; clarifications of the
minimum standard of treatment obligation; and the national treatment and MFN treatment
obligations. Some members in a minority found that the CAFTA-DR provisions did not provide
sufficient protection for U.S. environmental regulation, while other members in a minority
expressed concerns that investment protections had been inappropriately weakened.
Many of the innovations developed as a result of the Trade Act – including in the areas of
expropriation, the minimum standard of treatment, and performance requirements – serve as
safeguards to ensure that legitimate public interest regulation is fully protected.
Based on the above considerations, and given that U.S. environmental measures can be challenged
in U.S. courts under current law, the Administration does not expect the TPA to result in an
increased potential for a successful claim relating to such measures. The TPA’s innovations (like
those of all post-Trade Act U.S. trade agreements) should further reduce the risk that arbitral
tribunals will misapply the investment provisions of the TPA. The Administration will continue to
review the potential impact of investment provisions on environmental measures, however, as it
implements this agreement and other trade agreements with similar provisions.
The Trade Act of 2002 establishes that a principal negotiating objective of the United States is to
strengthen the capacity of our trading partners to protect the environment through the promotion of
sustainable development. In addition, the Trade Act instructs negotiators to seek to establish
consultative mechanisms among parties to trade agreements to strengthen the capacity of U.S.
trading partners to develop and implement standards for the protection of the environment and
human health based on sound science. Environmental cooperation is expected to be an important
21
complement to the environmental provisions of the TPA.
The United States and Panama already work together on a bilateral basis to address
environmental issues through a number of ongoing programs. The United States and Panama
also work extensively through other mechanisms such as the Organization of American States,
the Inter-American Development Bank, the Summit of the Americas, the UN Environment
Program, and the World Bank. U.S. agencies have several regional and bilateral programs with
Panama, principally under the auspices of the Agency for International Development, the
Department of Commerce, the Department of State, NASA, and the Environmental Protection
Agency.
The United States and Panama also recognize the importance of their ongoing cooperative
activities, including those taking place pursuant to relevant MEAs.
22
ANNEX
Organizations Providing Comments25
None
25
See Section IV for additional information.
23
REPUBLIC OF PANAMA
September 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. OVERVIEW OF LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS 3
2.1 Legal Framework for Labor Rights ......................................................................................................3
2.2 Administrative Framework for Labor Rights .......................................................................................6
2.2.1 ..... Ministry of Labor and Workforce Development ...............................................................6
2.2.2 ... Labor Inspectorate .............................................................................................................7
2.3 Conciliation Services and the Labor Justice System ............................................................................8
2.3.1 ..... The Panama Canal Authority ........................................................................................... 10
3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RESOLVING ISSUES OF NOTE 12
3.1 Workers’ Rights Protections in Export Processing Zones, Free Trade Zones and Call Centers ......... 12
3.1.2 ..... Minimum Period for Mandatory Conciliation Prior to a Strike ....................................... 13
3.1.3 ..... Protections for Temporary Workers ................................................................................ 13
3.2 Collective Bargaining Rights and Protections for Temporary Workers in the Special Economic Area
of Barú ................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.1 ..... Employer Duty to Bargain Collectively .......................................................................... 14
3.2.2 ..... Protections for Temporary Workers ................................................................................ 14
3.3 Enforcement of Protections for Temporary Workers Nationwide ...................................................... 15
3.4 Employer Duty to Enter Into Collective Bargaining Agreements in Companies less than Two Years
in Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 16
3.5 Enforcement of Maritime Workers’ Rights ........................................................................................ 16
3.6 Enforcement of Subcontracted Workers’ Rights ................................................................................ 16
3.7 Enforcement of Laws Prohibiting Employer Interference in Unions ................................................. 18
3.8 Limitations on Direct Negotiations between Employers and Non-organized Workers ...................... 19
3.9 Strike Restrictions in Essential Public Services .................................................................................. 20
4. ISSUE OF NOTE 21
4.1 Number of Workers Required to Form a Union ................................................................................. 21
5. RELEVANT LAWS GOVERNING INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED LABOR RIGHTS 23
5.1 Labor Code Reforms of 2010 ............................................................................................................. 23
5.2 Freedom of Association ...................................................................................................................... 24
5.2.1 ..... Right to Organize ............................................................................................................. 24
5.2.2 ..... Right to Strike .................................................................................................................. 31
5.3 Effective Recognition of the Right to Collective Bargaining ............................................................. 37
5.3.1 .... Right to Bargain Collectively .......................................................................................... 37
5.4 Elimination of All Forms of Forced or Compulsory Labor ................................................................ 39
5.5 Effective Abolition of Child Labor, A Prohibition on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and Other
Labor Protections for Children and Minors ........................................................................................ 41
5.6 Elimination of Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation ....................................... 45
5.6.1 ..... General Legal Framework ............................................................................................... 45
5.6.2 ..... Gender ............................................................................................................................. 47
5.6.3 .... Indigenous People ............................................................................................................ 49
5.6.4 ..... People with Disabilities ................................................................................................... 51
5.6.5 ..... HIV/AIDS ........................................................................................................................ 54
5.7 Acceptable Conditions of Work ......................................................................................................... 54
5.7.1 ..... Minimum Wage ............................................................................................................... 54
5.7.2 .... Hours of Work ................................................................................................................. 55
5.7.3 .... Occupational Safety and Health....................................................................................... 58
LIST OF ACRONYMS 62
In Chapter 16 of the Panama TPA, the United States and Panama reaffirm their obligations as
International Labor Organization (ILO) members. Both countries commit to adopt and maintain
in law and practice the rights as stated in the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles
and Rights at Work and its Follow-Up and agree not to encourage trade and investment by
weakening relevant domestic labor laws. Both governments pledge to provide access to judicial
tribunals for labor law enforcement; ensure that the enforcement process is fair, equitable, and
transparent; and promote public awareness of their labor laws.
Panama’s legal and administrative frameworks for protecting internationally recognized labor
rights are presented in Section Two of this report. In addition to an overview of relevant laws,
the section summarizes the adjudicative, administrative, and consultative mechanisms available
for application and enforcement of labor laws.
The report finds that Panama’s current laws and practices related to internationally recognized
labor rights are largely consistent with relevant international standards after Panama took several
important, positive steps to improve its labor laws. These changes address issues raised by the
U.S. Government in discussions with the Government of Panama. Recent important reforms
from 2009-2011 that resolve previous issues are discussed in detail in Section Three and include
legislative and regulatory changes concerning:
Workers’ rights protections in Export Processing Zones, Free Trade Zones, and Call
Centers, including an employer’s duty to enter into a collective bargaining agreement,
temporary workers’ rights protections, and mandatory conciliation prior to a strike;
Employer’s duty to enter into a collective bargaining agreement and protections for
temporary workers in the Special Economic Area of Barú;
Enforcement of protections for temporary workers nationwide;
Employer’s duty to enter into a collective bargaining agreement in companies less than
two years in operation;
Enforcement of maritime workers’ rights to organize, strike, and bargain collectively;
Enforcement of subcontracted workers’ rights;
Enforcement of laws prohibiting employer interference in unions, and efforts to prevent
related practices;
Limitations on direct negotiations between employers and non-organized workers; and
Strike restrictions in essential public services.
Number of workers required to form a union: The ILO Committee of Experts on the
Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR) has requested that Panama
lower the minimum number of workers required by the Labor Code to form labor
organizations in both the public and private sectors. Neither the main labor
confederations nor the employer groups in Panama have supported lowering this
requirement.
Section Five examines other relevant laws governing each of the six internationally recognized
labor rights. The Constitution of Panama and the Labor Code provide workers and employers
with the right to form unions for economic and social activities, bar discrimination on the basis
of a worker’s union-related activities, and establish the right to strike in Panama. The Labor
Code provides for the right to collective bargaining. The Constitution and the Panamanian Penal
Code afford protections against forced labor. The Constitution, Family Code, and Labor Code
provide for minimum age for employment. The Labor Code prohibits workplace discrimination
on the basis of race, nationality, disability, social class, sex, religion or political ideas. The
Constitution calls for a national minimum wage and requires overtime rates to be paid for all
work in excess of eight hours per day or 48 hours per week. The Labor Code requires employers
to adopt health, safety, and other necessary measures to ensure a safe and clean working
environment and to prevent workplace accidents and occupational illnesses and, to these ends,
establishes a list of minimum protective and preventative health and safety measures that
employers must adopt.
[i]n connection with any trade negotiations entered into under this Act, submit to
the Committee of Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate a meaningful labor rights report of the
country, or countries, with respect to which the President is negotiating.1
The President, by Executive Order 13277 (67 Fed. Reg. 70305 (Nov. 21, 2002)), assigned his
responsibilities under section 2102(c)(8) of the Trade Act to the Secretary of Labor and provided
that they be carried out in consultation with the Secretary of State and the U.S. Trade
Representative (USTR). The Secretary of Labor subsequently provided that such responsibilities
would be carried out by the Secretary of State, the USTR, and the Secretary of Labor (67 Fed.
Reg. 77812 (Dec. 19, 2002)).
Pursuant to this mandate, the report examines labor laws and practices in Panama, particularly as
they relate to the labor rights identified as internationally recognized labor rights in the definition
of “labor laws” under Chapter 16 of the United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement
(Panama TPA).2 These rights are:
a. freedom of association;
d. the effective abolition of child labor, a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor, and
other labor protections for children and minors;
f. acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and
occupational safety and health.
Section Two of the report provides an overview of Panama’s legal and administrative
frameworks for protecting labor rights, discussing in brief the laws covering labor rights and the
mechanisms available to enforce them. Section Three describes several recent positive steps
taken by the Government of Panama regarding its labor laws and regulations. Section Four of
the report identifies a notable area of concern for the United States Government (U.S.
Government), which has also been raised by the International Labor Organization (ILO)
Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR),
1
The Panama-TPA was signed under the Trade Act of 2002, which expired in July 2007.
2
Panama TPA, Article 16.9; available from
http://ustraderep.gov/assets/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral/Panama_FTA/Final_Text/asset_upload_file403_10354.pdf.
3
This report relies on information obtained from Panamanian legal texts, U.S. Department of State reports, the U.S.
Embassy in Panama City, a federal Labor Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations and Trade Policy, international
organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In addition, the report draws on a number of consultations
held by U.S. Government interagency teams with Panamanian Government officials, representatives of worker and
employer organizations, and NGOs and on a response from the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial
Organizations (AFL-CIO) to a Federal Register notice published at the outset of negotiations with Panama (U.S.
Department of Labor (USDOL), “Request for Information Concerning Labor Rights in Panama and its Laws Governing
Exploitative Child Labor,” 69 Fed. Reg. 35060 (June 23, 2004)).
Labor rights in Panama are set forth in its Constitution, Labor Code, Organic Law of the Panama
Canal Authority and other sector-specific legislation, and executive decrees.4 Panama has also
ratified international labor conventions, including all eight of the ILO fundamental conventions.5
The Labor Code is the most comprehensive specification of labor laws and rights in Panama, and
it applies to most workers and employers in the national territory.6 Public employees are
excluded from the Labor Code, except where application is expressly noted.7 Labor laws for
“administrative career public servants” are contained in the Administrative Careers Act (ACA), 8
and profession-specific laws for non-administrative career public servants, including for
healthcare workers, teachers, police, social security employees, and others, generally build on the
ACA. Similarly, labor laws governing employees hired directly by the Panama Canal Authority
(Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, ACP), the legally autonomous entity that operates the Canal,
4
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá de 1972 (1972 and amended in 1978, 1983, 1993, 1994 and 2004),
Article 68; available from http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Panama/constitucion2004.pdf.
5
ILO, Ratifications by Country, accessed May 24, 2011; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/newratframeE.htm. The eight fundamental conventions of the ILO are Convention No.
29 on Forced Labor, Convention No. 87 on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize, Convention
No. 98 on the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining, Convention No. 100 on Equal Remuneration, Convention No.
105 on Abolition of Forced Labor, Convention No. 111 on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation, Convention
No. 138 on Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, and Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
6
The original Spanish and an unofficial translated English version of the Labor Code were used in the preparation of this
report. The Spanish version is available electronically, but this electronic version is current through 1995 only. The full
citation for the Spanish version is: Government of Panama, Código de Trabajo, (as amended through 1995); available
from http://www.leylaboral.com/panama/Normaspanama.aspx?bd=47&item=1. Hereinafter, this version will be cited as
Código de Trabajo. The English translation contains some notes on interpretation, including notes on how recent
legislation (until mid-2005) has further amended the Code. The full citation for the English translation is: Government of
Panama, The Labor Code of the Republic of Panama and Selected Laws and Decrees Relating to Labor, trans. and
annotated by Barry J. Miller and Luis A. Shirley C. (Panama City: Panalaw Press, 2005); hereinafter, Labor Code (trans.
by Miller and Shirley). When this version influenced substantially the presentation of the subject matter in this report, it is
cited as well or instead.
7
Código de Trabajo, Article 2.
8
Government of Panama, Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Ley No. 9, (1994), as published in
Gaceta Oficial, No. 22,562 (June 21, 1994), available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. It appears that the rights specified in the ACA that are
not explicitly addressed in the profession-specific laws also apply to non-administrative career public servants. See also
Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Article 2. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama City, Written
communication in response to USDOL request for updated information (Email communication attachment, August 18,
2008).
Other sector-specific laws establish sector-specific rules and requirements beyond those found in
the Labor Code. For example, certain labor rights and employment conditions specific to
workers engaged at sea and navigable waterways are detailed in Decree Law No. 8 on Maritime
Employment (the Maritime Law).10 In addition, Panama adopted the ILO Consolidated
Maritime Labor Convention (MLC) through Law No. 2 of 2009, which commits Panama to
implement the provisions of that Convention.11 Certain labor rights and employment conditions
for workers in free trade zones (zonas francas) are contained in Law 32 of 2011, which creates a
special regime for the establishment and operation of free trade zones. Free trade zones include
existing export processing zones and some “call centers”.12 Provisions related to labor rights and
employment conditions are also found in separate legislation establishing specific economic
zones.13 Consultations with officials of the Panamanian Government clarified that where these
sector-specific labor laws do not address a particular right or obligation, the Labor Code
applies.14
9
Government of Panama, Por la cual se organiza la Autoridad del Canal de Panama, Ley No. 19 (1997), Articles 94-117,
as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 23,309 (June 13, 1997); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. This is referred to as the Organic Law of the ACP; an
English translation is available from http://www.pancanal.com/eng/legal/law/contents.html. See also Government of
Panama, Panama Canal Authority, Por el cual se aprueba el Reglamento de Relaciones Laborales de la Autoridad del
Canal de Panamá, Acuerdo No. 18 (1999); available from http://www.pancanal.com/esp/legal/reglamentos/acuerdo18.pdf.
See also AFL-CIO, Panama: Labor Rights and Child Labor Reports Pursuant to the Trade Act of 2002, Section
2102(c)(8)-(9), Washington D.C., August 9, 2004, 8. The system detailed in this legislation includes a Labor Relations
Board and an arbitration panel to resolve disputes.
10
Government of Panama, Por la cual se reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vias navegables y se dictan otras
disposiciones, Decreto Ley No. 8 (1998), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 23,490-A (Feb. 28, 1998); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
11
Government of Panama, Por la cual se aprueba el CONVENIO SOBRE EL TRABAJO MARÍTIMO, 2006 (MLC),
adoptado el 23 de febrero de 2006, por la 94a Reunión (Marítima) de la Conferencia General de la Organización
Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), Ley No. 2, (2009), as published in Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26,200 (Jan. 13, 2009);
available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/index.php?id_gaceta=26200. Implications of Law 2 on the Maritime Law
are still unknown, but its adoption makes the MLC now enforceable in Panama’s domestic courts, though the Convention
has not been ratified by a sufficient number of ILO-member countries to be deemed “in force.”
12
Government of Panama, Que establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación
de zonas francas y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 32 (2011), as published in Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26757-B (April 5,
2011); available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php. See also Government of Panama, Por la cual se
establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para la creación y funcionamiento de zonas procesadoras para la
exportación, Ley No. 25, (1992) (as amended in 1996 and 1997), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 22,175 (Dec. 2,
1992); available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. See also Government of Panama,
Por el cual se adiciona un artículo a la ley No. 25 de 1992, Por la cual se establece un régimen especial, integral y
simplificado para la creación y funcionamiento de zonas procesadoras para la exportación, Decreto Ley No. 3 (1997), as
published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 23,201 (January 11, 1997). “Call centers” are foreign company-owned operations that
provide service and technical support to callers for their respective business services and products abroad.
13
Government of Panama, Que crea un régimen especial para el establecimiento y operación del Área Económica
Especial de Barú, Ley 29, as published in Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26552-B (June 10, 2010); available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php. See also Government of Panama, Que deroga artículos de la Ley 29 de
2010, del regimen especial para el establecimiento y operación del Área Económica Especial de Barú, Ley 30, as
published in Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26757-A (April 5, 2011); available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
14
U.S. Government consultations with Government of Panama, Washington, D.C., March 31-April 24, 2009. In those
consultations, the Government of Panama explained that the Labor Code is a “general rule of law” and that Article 13 of
the Panamanian Civil Code provides that in the absence of a specific rule on a matter, the Constitutional Doctrine as well
as the general rules of law and customary practices apply. See also Código Civil, Ley No. 2 (1916), Article 13; available
from http://organojudicial.gob.pa/. The Panamanian Government also explained that Article 4 of the Labor Code
establishes that the provisions of the Code shall have immediate effect and shall apply to all labor relations existing from
the date it enters into force, with the exception of norms that explicitly state the contrary. See also Código de Trabajo,
Article 4. Various sector-specific laws reflect these concepts of legal interpretation.
15
Código de Trabajo, Article 67. Article 67 of the Labor Code designates five types of work that do not require written
employment agreements: work in agriculture, domestic service, work of three months or less, work of 200 balboas or less,
and certain work in areas with small populations. See also Decreto Ejecutivo No. 24 (June 5, 2009), Article 4.
16
Código de Trabajo, Articles 62 and 82. A small business law from 1986 specifically excludes these persons from the
category of “worker” but does preserve their right to receive social security benefits. See also Government of Panama,
Por la cual se dictan disposiciones laborales para promover el empleo y la productividad y se adoptan otras normas, Ley
No. 1 (1986), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 20,513 (March 17, 1986), Article 7; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
17
Contraloría General de la República, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo, Encuesta Continua de Hogares,
Estadísticas del Trabajo, Vol. I – Encuesta de Mercado Laboral, agosto 2010, table 441-13; available from the “Catálogo
de Publicaciones” link at http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/. The labor force refers to the economically active
population. For the definitions of these types of employment, through the same link see “publicaciones y explicaciones”
(8). Chart and percentages were compiled by USDOL.
The MITRADEL is divided into a number of functional departments.21 The General Directorate
for Labor (Dirección General de Trabajo) oversees labor relations and seeks to prevent and
resolve industrial disputes. It interprets and applies labor rights laws, regulations and rules;
seeks to provide conciliation services to help resolve individual and collective conflicts; registers
labor contracts; and carries out additional functions as prescribed by law.22 For example,
Executive Decree 24 of 2009 directs that either the General or the Regional Directorate for Labor
shall request the National Directorate of Labor Inspection to randomly inspect temporary (fixed-
18
Contraloría General de la República online document [last cited May 4, 2011] “Desempeño de la Economía Panameña”
(11); available from http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/archivos_informesdelc/Informe_Contralora1ABRIL2011/01.htm. The
source states that these informal workers who are those without social security, do not have a contract, and work in a
business of less than 5 people; excluded from this figure are professionals and technicians who are self employed or
independent workers.
19
Guillermo Perry et al., Informality: Exit and Exclusion, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2007, 29; available from
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/0,,contentMDK:21345369~pagePK:146736~pi
PK:146830~theSitePK:258554,00.html. See also ILO, Key Indicators of the Labor Market, 6th edition, 2009, Geneva,
KILM 7; available from http://www.ilo.org/empelm/what/pubs/lang--en/WCMS_114060/index.htm. Perry et al. do not
provide a definition of “informal sector” but state that in the Latin American context it can generally include “unprotected
workers, excessive regulation, low productivity, unfair competition, evasion of the rule of law, underpayment or
nonpayment of taxes, and work ‘underground.’” (p.21). The 40 percent estimate for Panama reflects the average of three
estimated percentages of workers who are: 1.) unskilled self-employed, or salaried workers in a small private firm, or
workers with no income; 2.) self-employed workers; and 3.) workers not covered by a pension scheme. (p.29).
20
MITRADEL, Historia: Antecedentes Históricos, [online] [cited March 28, 2008]; available from
http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/html/Historia%20de%20Mitradel/HISTORIA.htm. See also Government of Panama, Por el
cual se dicta la ley orgánica del Ministerio de Trabajo y Bienestar, Decreto de Gabinete No. 249 (1970), as published in
Gaceta Oficial, No. 16,655 (July 27, 1970), Articles 1-5; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
21
MITRADEL, Estructura Organizativa Actual, [online] May 2007 [cited May 5, 2008]; available from
http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/html/Estructura/Estructura.htm. See also Por el cual se dicta la ley orgánica del Ministerio de
Trabajo y Bienestar, Articles 6-7.
22
Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, Manual de Organización del Sector Público de la República de Panamá, XII
Edición (2006), 225-226; available from https://www.mef.gob.pa/Documentos-
Interes/MANUAL%20DE%20ORGANIZACION%202006%20(NOVIEMBRE%202006%20POST%20PUBLICACIÓN).
pdf.
The General Directorate for Employment (Dirección General de Empleo) formulates and
implements the Government’s employment policies. This Directorate runs a national
employment service to disseminate information about available jobs and assist workers with job
placement. It also administers an initiative to assist disabled workers and is responsible for
approving employment contracts for foreign workers with terms of over three months.25
Other divisions within the MITRADEL oversee ministry planning, conduct studies on labor
issues, direct public relations, and provide legal guidance to the Ministry. The regional work of
the MITRADEL is carried out through its nine regional offices.27
The National Labor Inspectorate (Dirección Nacional de Inspección del Trabajo, DNIT)
conducts labor inspections to monitor employer compliance with Panama’s labor laws. The
DNIT includes divisions that specialize in economic issues such as wages, hours and contracts;
child labor; occupational safety and health; mine safety; and labor migration. The DNIT also
conducts outreach and training to improve conditions in Panama’s workplaces and maintains a
database on workplace safety and health issues.28 In 2010, there were 116 inspectors employed
by the DNIT. They conducted 18,524 inspections, of which 11,150 were initial inspections;
23
Government of Panama, Por el cual se toman medidas para asegurar el cumplimiento y el ejercicio de los derechos
laborales de los trabajadores y las obligaciones de los empledores relacionadas con los trabajadores con contratos por
tiempo definido, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 24 (June 5, 2009), Article 1 as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26297-
A (June 5, 2009); available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
24
MITRADEL, website links to Dirección Nacional de Trabajo (same as the Dirección General de Trabajo) (then see
Objetivos) and Dirección de Inspecciones regarding the National Directorate of Labor’s general authority to impose
sanctions and the National Labor Inspectorate’s recognition thereof and of its general responsibility to coordinate with
other agencies [online] [cited March 10, 2011]; available from http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/.
25
MITRADEL, Dirección General de Empleo, [previously online] [cited December 13, 2005]; available from
http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/dirgenempleo.asp [hard copy on file]. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama City, Written
communication in response to USDOL request for updated information (Email communication attachment, August 4,
2008).
26
MITRADEL, Asesoría de Asuntos Internacionales [online] [cited March 10, 2011]; available from
www.mitradel.gob.pa.
27
MITRADEL, Estructura Organizativa Actual.
28
MITRADEL, Dirección Nacional de Inspección del Trabajo Antecedentes, [previously online] [cited December 15,
2005]; available from http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/INSPECCION/reseña.htm [hard copy on file]. See also U.S. Embassy-
Panama City, Written communication August 4, 2008.
When the workplace is a Panamanian-flagged ship, DNIT inspectors must first coordinate with
the Panamanian Maritime Authority (Autoridad Marítima de Panamá, AMP), which has equal
inspection authority within its area of competence as the DNIT, before inspections can occur.30
The AMP is tasked with processing and inspecting all complaints of labor law violations alleged
to have occurred on board national fishing boats, ships or other vessels, or on international
Panamanian-flagged vessels worldwide.31 Panama has registered the most vessels in the world
(eight percent, followed by Liberia with two percent).32 The DNIT is authorized to impose
sanctions for labor law violations on all docked vessels, while the AMP’s General Directorate of
the Merchant Marine is authorized to impose such sanctions for vessels at sea.33 In 2010, the
AMP’s Department of Labor Affairs attended to 28 complaints in national waters.34 (See
Section Five for more details on maritime labor issues.)
Workers have the right to petition the labor justice system to make determinations on any matter
in which they have an interest and to which the Labor Code or other labor law applies.35 The
MITRADEL supports the labor justice system through its National Directorate for Free
Assistance and Representation to Workers (Dirección de Asesoría y Defensa Gratuita a los
Trabajadores, DADGT), which provides free legal representation for Panamanian workers
involved in claims before judicial and administrative authorities.36
The labor justice system in Panama is composed of specialized courts and tribunals. Most cases
begin in one of Panama’s 19 Conciliation and Decision Boards (Juntas de Conciliación y
Decisión, JCD). These boards adjudicate cases related to unjust dismissals, claims with an initial
29
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City Official in response to USDOL request for
updated information (Email communication attachment, April 29, 2011, U.S. Embassy-Panama City), 3.
30
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 3. The MITRADEL notes
that the DNIT and AMP share and coordinate information as appropriate. See also, MITRADEL Official, Written
communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, May 26, 2005.
31
U.S Embassy-Panama City, Email communication, April 4, 2007. See also Government of Panama, Por la cual se
reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vìas navegables, Articles 1 and 115.
32
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat, Review of Maritime Transport 2010, Switzerland,
42-43; available from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2010_en.pdf. The source states that as of January 2010, Panama
continued to be the largest flag of registration of the world fleet, carrying 23 percent of global deadweight tonnage.
33
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 3.
34
Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias (MICI), Office of the Vice Minister of International Trade Negotiations, Written
communication to USTR Official in response to request for information (Email communication attachment, March 9,
2011, USTR).
35
Código de Trabajo, Article 527.
36
MITRADEL, Departamento de Asesoría Legal Gratuita para las Víctimas del Delito, [online] [cited May 12, 2008];
available from http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4488&Itemid=232. See
also Panamá Tramita, Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Social, [online] [cited August 6, 2008]; available from
http://www.panamatramita.gob.pa/guiaGob_det.php?idInst=TRA.
Sectional Labor Courts (Juzgados Seccionales de Trabajo) handle most labor-related claims that
do not involve unjust dismissal and all claims with an initial value of over 1,500 balboas.41 They
also are authorized to hear cases referred to them by the JCDs when the losing party refuses to
comply with a board’s decision.42 In 2008, a total of 1,306 cases were filed with these courts.43
Panamanian officials indicated that they do not maintain statistics on the resolution of these
cases.44
The Supreme Labor Court (Tribunal Superiores de Trabajo, TST) functions as the final appellate
body for labor cases and is one of the three chambers of the Supreme Court of Justice.45
According to MITRADEL, the Supreme Labor Court also has appellate jurisdiction over JCD
cases, which may be appealed directly to the Supreme Labor Court.46 The TST hears appeals
from the sectional courts through its branches in Panama City and Santiago de Veraguas. 47 In
2010, 280 appeals were filed, of which 152 decisions were confirmed, 39 were revoked, 24 were
modified, 11 were nullified, and two had the application stopped.48 The TST is also responsible
for naming the judges who serve in sectional labor courts.49
Special Courts for Children and Adolescents (Juzgados Seccionales de Niñez y Adolescencia)
have been established in Panama to deal with cases related to children’s rights and welfare,
37
Government of Panama, Por medio de la cual se crean dentro de la jurisdicción especial de trabajo las juntas de
conciliación y decisión, Ley 7 (1975), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 17801 (March 18, 1975), Article 1; available
from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. Panama’s currency is dollar-based (a 1:1 ratio);
we therefore do not provide hereafter the dollar equivalent amount when Panamanian balboas are noted. See
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html.
38
Ibid., Article 2.
39
Ibid., Article 18. See also Government of Panama, Que adiciona el Título XVII, sobre Jurisdicción Laboral, al Libro
Primero del Código Judicial y dicta otra disposición, Ley No. 59, (2001), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 24,447
(December 7, 2001), Article 460-L (Parágrafo); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
40
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 4.
41
Órgano Judicial de la República de Panamá, Jurisdicción de Trabajo, [online] [cited August 26, 2008]; available from
http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5509&Itemid=438.
42
Government of Panama, Creación de las Juntas de Conciliación y Decisión, Ley No. 7, Article 14; available from
http://www.leylaboral.com/panama/Normaspanama.aspx?bd=47&item=227.
43
Ministry of Foreign Relations (Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, MRE) Official, Written communication to U.S.
Embassy-Panama City Official in response to USDOL request for updated information (Email communication attachment,
April 23, 2009, U.S. Embassy-Panama City).
44
Órgano Judicial as cited by U.S. Embassy- Panama City, Written communication, August 4, 2008.
45
Código de Trabajo, Article 1064. See also Labor Code (trans. by Miller and Shirley), footnote 348. See also Jorge
Molina Mendoza, “Commercial Litigation in Panama,” Global Arbitration Review [online] 2008 [cited August 26, 2008];
available from http://www.globalarbitrationreview.com/handbooks/4/sections/8/chapters/56/panama.
46
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 4.
47
Órgano Judicial de la República de Panamá, Jurisdicción de Trabajo.
48
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 4.
49
Órgano Judicial de la República de Panamá, Jurisdicción de Trabajo.
Law No. 12 of 2009 provides procedures for Maritime Courts and arbitration procedures that,
among other things, address all compensatory claims for maritime workplace accidents caused
by an employer. All other labor matters are the responsibility of the general labor courts. 51 The
Maritime Law mandated in 1998 the establishment of two specialized maritime labor courts
(Juzgados Laborales Marítimos) responsible for settling matters related to work at sea and in
navigable waterways.52 However, these courts have not been established.53
The Organic Law of the ACP establishes a Labor Relations Board to oversee labor relations
between the ACP and workers involved in the operation of the Canal and employed by the ACP.
The members are designated by the President of the Republic from lists provided by the ACP
and the workers’ union representatives.54 In labor relations matters involving the ACP, the
Board has sole responsibility for resolving collective bargaining disputes, deciding claims of
unfair labor practices, certifying appropriate bargaining units and recognizing representatives of
labor organizations.55 Decisions of the Board may not be appealed unless they are in conflict
with the Organic Law; in such cases, the appeal must be brought before the Administrative
Disputes Section of the TST, whose decision is binding.56
Each collective bargaining agreement in the Canal sector must specify grievance procedures,
including arbitration and alternate dispute resolution techniques.57 Only the exclusive union
representative or the ACP may invoke arbitration,58 and such decisions may be appealed to the
TST.59
The jurisdiction of the Organic Law of the ACP over labor relations in the Canal does not extend
to employees of contractors providing goods and services to the ACP. The Labor Code applies
to such workers.60 A recent example of a project contracted by the ACP is the expansion of the
50
Órgano Judicial de la República de Panamá, Jurisdicción de Niñez y Adolescencia, [online] [cited August 6, 2008];
available from http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5505&Itemid=440.
51
Government of Panama, Que Reforma la Ley de 1982 y Dicta Normas de Procedimiento Marítimo (January 22, 2009),
Article 15; available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
52
Por la cual se reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vias navegables, Articles 121-128.
53
In 2008, the ILO CEACR noted the continued absence of these courts, but also noted that disputes between ship owners
and crew members may be submitted to the AMP, which has general authority over maritime matters, including the
issuance of final decisions on claims and complaints brought before it. International Labor Conference, 2008 Report of
the CEACR, 673; available from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---
relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_090991.pdf. See also Government of Panama, Organic Law of the Panama
Maritime Authority 1998, Articles 4, 8 and 18(13); available from http://www.amp.gob.pa/newsite/english/law7.pdf.
54
Organic Law of the ACP, Article 111. The article uses the term “exclusive representative” instead of “union
representative;” however, Articles 95 and 97 indicate that an exclusive representative is envisioned to be a union
representative.
55
Ibid., Article 113.
56
Ibid., Article 114.
57
Ibid., Article 104.
58
Ibid., Article 106.
59
Ibid., Article 107.
60
U.S. Embassy-Panama, Email communication, February 13, 2008.
61
Government of Panama, Que aprueba la propuesta de construcción del tercer juego de esclusas
en el Canal de Panamá, sometida por el Órgano Ejecutivo, y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley No. 28 (July 2006), as
published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 25,590 (July 18, 2006), Article 4; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
62
MICI, Office of the Vice Minister of International Trade Negotiations, Written communication to USTR Official in
response to request for information (Email communication attachment, April 25, 2011, USTR).
3.1 Workers’ Rights Protections in Export Processing Zones, Free Trade Zones and
Call Centers
The general law governing export processing zones (EPZs) exempted EPZ workers and workers
from some call centers from Labor Code protections for collective bargaining, limited
protections for temporary workers, and undermined these workers’ right to strike.63 A new Free
Trade Zone (FTZ) law (Law 32 of 2011) replaces the general EPZ law and remedies such
concerns.64 According to the U.S. Department of State, in 2010 there were approximately 2,790
employees in EPZs and 8,830 employees in those call centers that had been subject to the EPZ
law.65 There are currently 89 businesses in Panama’s 14 EPZs.66
Prior to passage of Law 32, EPZ employers were exempted from the obligation to enter into
collective bargaining agreements with unions, a duty that is established in the Panamanian Labor
Code for employers elsewhere in the economy.67 The exemption was repealed by the new FTZ
law,68 and now all collective bargaining provisions of the Labor Code apply to EPZ employers,
63
Por la cual se establece un régimen especial, integral y simplificado para la creación y funcionamiento de zonas
procesadoras para la exportación (1992).
64
Que establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas, Ley 32,
Articles 78. Law 32 establishes a comprehensive, simplified special system for establishing and operating FTZs, similar
to the system established in the general EPZ law. Article 13 of Law 32 defines FTZs as free enterprise zones that are
specifically demarcated and within which all infrastructure, installations, buildings, systems and support services are
provided, along with the necessary operational organization and administrative management, so as to attract businesses
from abroad. Articles 67, 70 and 74 also appear to call for the redesignation of all former EPZs in Panama as FTZs, but
the precise legal status of call centers is still pending.
65
Hereinafter, when this Report refers to EPZ employers or workers, it includes those of call centers that were covered by
the EPZ law. There were additional workers (number unknown) in call centers that were registered with the Public
Services Authority and which were not covered by the general EPZ law. See also, Department of State, “Panama,” in
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2010, Section 7b, Washington, D.C., April 8, 2011; available from
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/wha/index.htm.
66
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 6.
67
Decreto Ley No. 3 (1997), Article 49-A, Section B (9). Código de Trabajo, Article 401.
68
Que establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas, Ley 32,
Article 78.
The 1992 EPZ law affirmed workers’ right to strike but required employers and workers to
attempt conciliation for a minimum of 36 days prior to a strike declaration.70 Labor groups
claimed that this mandatory conciliation period was excessive and constituted an undue
restriction on the right to strike.71 Although the ILO has not determined an appropriate period of
conciliation prior to a strike, it has observed that any such period should be “speedy.”72
Mandatory conciliation in the EPZs was more than twice that required in the rest of Panama’s
economy. Law 32 repeals the 36 day conciliation provision73 and affirms that EPZ and FTZ
workers have the same right to strike as provided to other workers in the Labor Code, which
requires conciliation for a minimum of 15 days before workers can strike.74
The 1992 EPZ law exempted temporary workers in EPZs from the protections granted to other
temporary workers in Article 77 of the Labor Code during the first three years of their
employment relationships.75 Temporary workers in EPZs were generally in a more vulnerable
position than permanent workers, and faced challenges in exercising the rights of freedom of
association and collective bargaining. The ILO has commented on the vulnerability of
temporary workers generally, noting that such workers “[s]hould they wish to carry out trade
union activities . . . could find themselves in a more vulnerable position than others by reason of
their precarious status.”76 Law 32 repealed the exemption in the 1992 EPZ law from the Labor
Code’s protections for temporary workers, thereby making Article 77 applicable to temporary
workers in the EPZs and FTZs on the same terms as elsewhere in the economy.77 Generally, the
Labor Code permits a temporary contract to be valid for up to one year and allows successive
temporary contracts for a total of no more than two years (see Article 77-A below).78 Article 77
prohibits the successive use of temporary contracts (also called “definite” or “fixed term”
contracts) to conceal permanent (“indefinite”) employment relationships and bans the use of
temporary workers to perform the same work or specified tasks for which they were originally
69
Código de Trabajo, Article 401. Decreto Ley No. 3 (1997), Article 49-A, Section B(9).
70
Decreto Ley No. 3 (1997), Article 49-A, Section B(11-15). Although the text of this report refers to the 1992 EPZ law,
the amending legislation will be cited where appropriate. See also Por la cual se establece un régimen especial, integral y
simplificado para la creación y funcionamiento de zonas procesadoras para la exportación (1992), Article 55.
71
See Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights, 2009, Panama, available at http://survey09.ituc-
csi.org/survey.php?IDContinent=2&IDCountry=PAN&Lang=EN.
72
See generally ILO Digest of Decisions and Principles of the Freedom of Association Committee, para. 551.
73
Que establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas, Ley 32,
Article 78.
74
Ibid., Article 55. See also Código de Trabajo, Article 443.
75
Por la cual se establece un régimen especial, integral y simplificado para la creación y funcionamiento de zonas
procesadoras para la exportación (1992), Article 17.
76
ILO, 1994 General Survey, Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining, para. 209.
77
Que establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas, Ley 32,
Article 78.
78
Código de Trabajo, Articles 74 and 77-A. Successive contracts can occur for two years only if the work activity is for a
new company or for new activities.
3.2 Collective Bargaining Rights and Protections for Temporary Workers in the Special
Economic Area of Barú
Law 29 of 2010 established the Special Economic Area of Barú (SEAB) and provided incentives
to employers to promote economic development in the region. The law exempted SEAB
employers during the first six years of company operations from Labor Code obligations to enter
into collective bargaining agreements, and exempted SEAB workers from certain protections for
temporary workers. These provisions would have limited SEAB workers’ collective bargaining
rights and the right to strike. Law 30 of April 2011 repealed both of these exemptions, and now
the Labor Code applies fully in the SEAB.80
Prior to passage of Law 30 of 2011, Law 29 exempted SEAB employers, except for construction
firms, during the first six years of company operations from the Labor Code duty to enter into
collective bargaining agreements with legally recognized unions.81 The CEACR had stated that
the discretion to deny collective bargaining requests in the SEAB “could imply in practice a
denial of the right to collective bargaining” and had requested the Government “to repeal
[Article] 7 of [Law] No. 29 of 29 June 2010 and to safeguard fully the right to collective
bargaining of the workers in question.” 82 Under Law 30 of 2011, Article 7 was repealed, and the
relevant Labor Code provisions apply, thus requiring employers to enter into collective
bargaining agreements with legally recognized unions.83
Law 29 also denied temporary workers in the SEAB the protections in Article 77 of the Labor
Code during the first three years of their employment by a SEAB company,84 just as the former
EPZ law had done for temporary EPZ workers. (See Section 3.1.3 on EPZs and FTZs.)
Temporary workers could therefore be in a more vulnerable position in the SEAB than elsewhere
in the economy, including if they attempted to exercise their right to freedom of association.85
79
Ibid., Article 77.
80
Que deroga artículos de la Ley 29 de 2010, del regimen especial para el establecimiento y operación del Área
Económica Especial de Barú, Ley 30. Note that this law from 2011 is not the same as Law 30 of 2010 (referred to in
Section Three) which amends the Labor Code and other laws.
81
Que crea un régimen especial para el establecimiento y operación del Área Económica Especial de Barú, Ley 29,
Article 7. See also Código de Trabajo, Article 401.
82
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 134.
83
Que deroga artículos de la Ley 29 de 2010, Article 1.
84
Que crea un régimen especial para el establecimiento y operación del Área Económica Especial de Barú, Ley 29,
Article 17.
85
The U.S. Department of State for several years has raised concerns that temporary contracts were being used nationwide
to circumvent labor law protections. See U.S. Department of State, “Panama,” in Country Reports on Human Rights
Practices – 2009, Section 7b, Washington, D.C., March 11, 2010; available from
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136121.htm. U.S. Department of State, “Panama,” in Country Reports on
As noted above, temporary workers are generally in a more vulnerable position than permanent
workers. Prior to 2010, the U.S. Department of State and labor groups expressed concerns that
enforcement of Labor Code protections for temporary workers was not sufficiently robust and
that employers were taking advantage of temporary workers in violation of the Labor Code. 87 In
2009, the Government of Panama issued two Executive Decrees to improve enforcement of
Labor Code protections for temporary workers. Executive Decree 19 regulates Article 77-A of
the Labor Code, which exempts for two years “new companies” and “new activities” from
Article 77 limitations on the use of successive temporary contracts. The Decree requires
employers to submit objective proof that they qualify for the Article 77-A exemption when
registering a contract with the MITRADEL (registration is required by law for all written
employment contracts).88 For a new activity, employers must include a clause in each temporary
contract describing the new activity. Employers must also acknowledge in each contract that if
their justification for temporary status is not confirmed, the worker in question will be deemed
permanent from the time he or she was first hired.89 In addition, the Government reports, that the
Department must receive a complaint in order for an inspection of the contract to occur and to
verify the clause regarding a new activity. The Department of General Labor Inspection (within
the Labor Inspectorate) is the unit that inspects such contracts for compliance with this Article
and Decree, and its inspection forms have now been updated to reflect the mandate of this
Decree.90 The MITRADEL reports that in 2010, it attended to 2,607 complaints related to
Article 77-A violations.91
Executive Decree 24 requires the MITRADEL to take specific steps to improve oversight of
employers’ use of temporary contracts. The Decree requires that the MITRADEL conduct
Human Rights Practices – 2008, Washington D.C., February 25, 2009, Section 6b; available from
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/wha/119168.htm. See also ICFTU, Panama: Annual Survey of Violations of
Trade Union Rights (2004), 126.
86
Que deroga artículos de la Ley 29 de 2010, Article 2.
87
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7b. For example, due to provisions in laws that
make it difficult to fire employees who have worked two years or more, employers frequently hired workers for one year
and 11 months and subsequently laid them off. In the case of lower-skilled service workers, it is reportedly common for
employers to repeatedly hire staff on three-month contracts, sometimes lay them off for a month and then rehire them to
avoid union organizing. See also ICFTU, Panama: Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights (2004), 126.
88
Por el cual se reglamenta el artículo 77-A del decreto de gabinete No. 252 de 30 de diciembre de 1971 (Código de
Trabajo) Decreto Ejecutivo No.19 (May 20, 2009), Article 2, as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26285-A
(May 20, 2009); available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php. See also Código de Trabajo, Articles 67
and 77-A. Article 67 requires employers to register a copy of all written employment contracts with the MITRADEL.
89
Decreto Ejecutivo No.19 (May 20, 2009), Articles 1 and 3. See also Código de Trabajo, Article 75.
90
MICI, Office of the Vice Minister of International Trade Negotiations, Written communication to USTR Official in
response to request for information (Email communication attachment, March 9, 2011, USTR). The Department reports
that the majority of complaints it receives concern workers who are hired for six months and then are given a new contract
for another six months in another branch of the same establishment but for the same economic activity.
91
MICI, Office of the Vice Minister of International Trade Negotiations, Written communication to USTR Official in
response to request for information (Email communication attachment, April 25, 2011, USTR).
3.4 Employer Duty to Enter Into Collective Bargaining Agreements in Companies less
than Two Years in Operation
A provision of Law 8 of 1981 had exempted employers nationwide from entering into collective
bargaining agreements during the first two years of a company’s operation, except for
construction firms.94 Employers could thus deny worker organizations collective bargaining
rights during that period. The new FTZ law repealed this provision in Law 8,95 and now all
Panamanian companies, regardless of how long they have been in operation, must comply with
the Labor Code obligation to conclude collective bargaining agreements with legally recognized
unions.
Prior to 2006, Article 75 of the Maritime Law exempted ship owners from the Labor Code
obligation to enter into collective bargaining agreements with unions.96 In 2006, the Panamanian
Supreme Court ruled that this provision infringed on workers’ constitutional rights to freely
associate and to strike and affirmed these rights for workers on Panamanian-flagged vessels at
92
Government of Panama, Por el cual se toman medidas para asegurar el cumplimiento y el ejercicio de los derechos
laborales de los trabajadores y las obligaciones de los empleadores relacionadas con los trabajadores con contratos por
tiempo definido, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 24 (June 5, 2009), Article 1 as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26297
(June 5, 2009); available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
93
As noted earlier, Article 67 of the Labor Code designates five types of work that do not require written employment
agreements: work in agriculture, domestic service, work of three months or less, work of 200 balboas or less, and certain
work in areas with small populations. Decreto Ejecutivo No. 24 (June 5, 2009), Article 4.
94
Government of Panama, Por la cual se deroga la Ley 95 de 31 de diciembre de 1976 (Por la cual se modifícan algunos
artículos del Código de Trabajo) y se dictan otras disposiciones, Ley 8 (April 30, 1981), Article 12, as published in
Gaceta Oficial, No. 19310 (May 5, 1981); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
95
Que establece un régimen especial integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas, Ley 32,
Article 78.
96
Supreme Court of Panama, case #036-01, October 2, 2006. See also U.S. Embassy-Panama City, reporting, February
23, 2007.
The Resolution mandates that the MITRADEL, through its General or Regional Directorate of
Labor and in coordination with the National Directorate of Labor Inspection, take steps to
improve protection of maritime workers’ right to freedom of association. The Resolution calls
on the MITRADEL to create a mechanism to receive maritime workers’ complaints of labor law
violations, including freedom of association issues, and a timeframe for investigating those
complaints and issuing responses.
The Resolution also calls on the Free 3-1-1 Phone Line to File Complaints
Since October 2010, the Government of Panama has piloted a free,
MITRADEL to establish a free 24-hour phone line (3-1-1) and website through which all
phone line, through which workers individuals and organizations, including workers, unions,
can file such complaints and businesses, citizens and non-citizens, may file complaints and
workers and employers can obtain suggestions about labor issues (among other matters) and receive
100 advice. Labor matters are referred as appropriate to the DNIT
advice and information. The
(MITRADEL). Between December 14, 2010 and April 25, 2011,
Resolution also tasks the IPEL the DNIT reports the following:
with training maritime workers and
employers on workers’ rights to 3-1-1 Complaints Sent to DNIT and Results
organize, bargain collectively and
strike.101 According to data from DNIT Department Complaints Sanctions
IPEL, in 2010 it provided training
to 1,932 people at 26 events in Labor 160 47
Panama; information on the types Migration 43 22
of workers served was not Safety & Health in Construction 8 3
provided.102 Minors 2 0
Total 213 72
Source: MITRADEL, DNIT 311 Statistics Monitoring Program.
Although Panama’s Labor Code provides protections against the illegitimate use of
subcontracting to undermine workers’ right to organize, the ILO’s Committee on Freedom of
Association (CFA) and workers’ groups raised concerns that mechanisms to enforce those
97
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Articles 68 and 69. See also Código de Trabajo, Article 401. See
also Supreme Court of Justice, Panama, case #036-01, October 2, 2006.
98
International Labor Conference, 2007 Report of the CEACR, 135-137.
99
MITRADEL, Por la cual se toman medidas para asegurar el cumplimiento de los derechos laborales de los
trabajadores marítimos, Resolución Ministerial No. DH 126-2010 (April 19, 2010).
100
Ibid., Articles 1, 2, and 3. Source of information on 3-1-1 program: MITRADEL Official, Written communication to
U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011. Begun in 2010, a 3-1-1 phone and web-accessible service for complaints
began; it is unknown the extent to which particular types of workers are using this service. The direct website is to the
Centro de Atencion Ciudadana; available from http://www.311.gob.pa/. (See “Acerca de 3-1-1” and “¿Para qué es el
311?”.)
101
Por la cual se toman medidas para asegurar el cumplimiento de los derechos laborales de los trabajadores marítimos,
Articles 1, 2, and 3.
102
IPEL, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 8.
Employer interference with union activity through employer direction or domination of unions
undermines the right of freedom of association by denying workers’ autonomy for their
organizations. As expressed by the ILO, workers’ organizations should have total independence
from employers in exercising their activities.108 Although Panama’s Labor Code recognizes this
principle and specifically bans employer interference in union activity,109 there were concerns
that existing mechanisms were insufficient to ensure effective enforcement of the law. Executive
Decree 27 of 2009 seeks to reinforce the applicable Labor Code provisions by requiring labor
inspectors to carry out inspections in response to alleged violations.110 It also requires the
General Directorate of Labor or the Regional Directorates of Labor, with the support of the
National Directorate of Labor Inspection, to establish a program to receive and respond to
workers’ and union leaders’ complaints of employer interference and to specify a timeframe for
103
ILO CFA, Report 355 (November 2009), para. 625.
104
Government of Panama, Por el cual se reglamenta e Articulo 89 del Decreto de Gabinete No. 252 de 30 de diciembre
de 1971 (Código de Trabajo) y se toman medidos en relación con los subcontratistas, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 17 (May 20,
2009), as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26285-A; available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php. See also Código de Trabajo, Articles 63, 82, 87, 89, 90, 94, and 95.
Examples of criteria that an employer must meet to legally subcontract a worker include, among other things, 1.)
ownership of the required capital, equipment, management and financial resources to carry out the work or service agreed
to; and, 2.) the ability to meet all labor obligations binding employers with respect to the workers they hire. See Section
Five for more details.
105
Ibid., Article 2.
106
Ibid., Article 3.
107
Ibid., Articles 4, and 5.
108
ILO Digest of Decisions of Freedom of Association (2006), para. 855.
109
Código de Trabajo, Articles 138 and 388. Article 138 prohibits an employer from compelling employees by coercion
or any other means or restrict them such that they join or do not join a particular union or to withdraw from unions.
Article 388 categorizes acts of interference by employers for the purposes of promoting the organization or control of
employees’ unions or the resignation from or non-affiliation with a union as an unfair labor practice.
110
Government of Panama, Por medio de la cual se adoptan medidas destinadas a preservar la independencia y
autonomía de las organizaciones sindicales de trabajadores, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 27 (June 5, 2009), Article 1 as
published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26297-A (June 5, 2009); available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
111
Ibid., Article 3.
112
Ibid., Article 1.
113
MICI, Written communication to USTR, April 25, 2011.
114
ILO Digest of Decisions of Freedom of Association (2006), para. 945. See also ILO, CEACR: Individual Observation
concerning Convention No. 98, Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining, 1949 Colombia, 2004, para. 2.
115
Supreme Court of Justice, Panama, Acción de amparo de garantías constitucionales interpuesta por la firma Forense
Alfaro, Ferrer, Ramírez y Alemán en Representación de Hotelera Panamá, S. A., contra la orden de hacer contenida en la
Resolución de 21 de Octubre de 1999, expedida por el Director General de Trabajo del Ministerio de Trabajo y
Desarrollo Laboral, (January 31, 2000), 3. See also Supreme Court of Justice, Panama, Acción de amparo de garantías
constitucionales interpuesta por el Licenciado Jacinto Cerezo G. en Representación de Mister Klean Overseas
International Inc. Contra La Orden de Hacer Proferida Por el Director General de Trabajo del Trabajo, (June 15, 2000)
available from
http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/ver_fallo.php?id=41218&texto=Mirtza%20%26%20Hotelera%20el%20Panama%2C%
20S.A.&exacto.
116
Government of Panama, Por el cual se reforma el decreto ejecutivo No. 18 de 20 de Mayo de 2009 (May 3, 2010),
Decreto Ejecutivo No. 131, Article 1, as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26527; available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php. See also Government of Panama, Por el cual se reglamentan los artículos
398, 400, 401, 403, y 431 del Decreto de Gabinete No. 252 de 30 de diciembre d 1971(Código de Trabajo), modificado
Panama’s Labor Code allows the MITRADEL to compel the resolution of a labor dispute
through arbitration in designated public services. It also requires minimum staffing levels
(between 30 percent and 50 percent) during a strike in those services.117 However the Labor
Code includes services beyond those the ILO has defined as essential. The ILO has stated the
right to strike may be restricted or prohibited: (1) in the public service only for public servants
exercising authority in the name of the State; or (2) in essential services in the strict sense of the
term, that is, services the interruption of which would endanger the life, personal safety or health
of the whole or part of the population.118 In Panama, the Labor Code definition of public
services that are subject to the above strike limitations includes communication, transportation,
gas, light and electricity, essential foodstuffs, and hospitals, among others.119 Executive Decree
25 of 2009, as amended by Executive Decree 132 of 2010, narrows the definition of
transportation as a public service to public air, land and maritime transportation passenger
services.120 As a result, workers in private passenger transportation services and cargo transport
are no longer subject to these strike restrictions.
por la Ley 2 de 1993, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 18 (May 20, 2009), as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26285-A;
available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/index.php?o=234bf92s.
117
Código de Trabajo, Articles 452 and 486. See also Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa,
Articles 152(14) and 185.
118
ILO Digest of Decisions of Freedom of Association (2006), para. 576.
119
Código de Trabajo, Article 486. Public services also include those involving the cleaning, supplying and distributing
of water for public use, sanitation, and cemeteries.
120
Government of Panama, Por el cual se reglamentan los artículos 486 y 487 del Decreto de Gabinete No. 252 de 1971
(Código de Trabajo), modificado por la Ley 44 de 1995, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 25 (June 5, 2009), as published in the
Gaceta Oficial Digital, No. 26,297-A (June 5, 2009); available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php, as
amended by Government of Panama, Por el cual se reforma el Decreto Ejecutivo No.25 de 5 de junio de 2009, Decreto
Ejecutivo No. 132 (June 5, 2010), Articles 1, 2. See also, Código de Trabajo, Articles 486, and 487.
Panama’s Labor Code requires a minimum of 40 workers to establish and maintain a union of
employees or professionals.121 In the public sector, the ACA establishes that 50 workers are
needed to form a public sector association.122 The CEACR has found that these minimum
worker requirements may obstruct the creation of these labor organizations, and has requested
that Panama lower the minimum number of workers required to form labor organizations in both
the public and private sectors.
Effects of Legal Requirements: In the private sector, the 40-worker minimum for union
formation prevents workers at many small and medium enterprises (including contractors and
subcontractors) from establishing company-level unions (see section 5.2.1). Larger employers
can also prevent their direct employees from organizing by subcontracting certain company
functions to reduce their direct workforce to fewer than 40. As of August 2010, according to the
Comptroller General, 40 percent (389,372) of all remunerated (cash or in-kind payments from an
employer) Panamanians who were actively working (958,903) were employed at places with 49
or fewer employees (see chart below).123 When combined with workers at larger places whose
workforces are fragmented through subcontracting, the number of workers whose right to form a
union could be undermined by the 40-worker minimum is significant. Similar concerns are
raised by the ACA 50-worker minimum to form a public sector association.124
121
Código de Trabajo, Article 344.
122
Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Article 182 (originally Article 177) as amended by Law
No. 43 of 2009, Que Reforma La Ley 9 de 1994, Que Desarrolla la Carrera Administrativa, y la Ley 12 de 1998, Que
Desarrolla la Carrera Del Servicio Legislativo, y Dicta Otras Disposiciones, as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 26,336
(July 30, 2009), Article 16; available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/busca/gaceta.html. The ACA was amended in
July 2009 to increase the minimum number of administrative career employees required to form a public sector association
from 40 to 50, reversing a 2007 amendment that had lowered the minimum number from 50 to 40. Ibid.
123
Contraloría General de la República, Estadísticas del Trabajo, Vol. I – Encuesta de Mercado Laboral, table 441-41.
Chart and percentages by USDOL.
124
Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Article 182 (originally Article 177) as amended by Law
No. 43 of 2009.
workplaces of
workplaces of <19 workers:
>50 workers: 33%
60%
workplaces of
20-49 workers:
7%
ILO CEACR Concerns: Since the 40-worker requirement for private sector company-level
union formation was established in 1995, the CEACR has consistently requested that the
Government decrease the minimum membership required to form private unions and public
sector associations, finding that the high threshold may obstruct worker organizing, especially in
smaller enterprises.”125 These high thresholds raise “problems with compliance with the
Convention [on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize (C87)].”126
Although the CEACR does not suggest a specific minimum number nor offer a formula for
determining a threshold, it asks for a “reasonable” level,127 explained generally as follows:
The Committee considers that, while a minimum membership requirement is not in itself
incompatible with the Convention, the number should be fixed in a reasonable manner so that the
establishment of organizations is not hindered. What constitutes a reasonable number may vary
according to the particular conditions in which a restriction is imposed. 128
In specific cases, considering particular country conditions, the CFA has found that while a
minimum of 30 workers to form a union may be too high, a minimum of 20 does not seem
excessive.129
Panama’s main labor confederations and employer groups have repeatedly expressed opposition
to lowering the number of workers required to form a union. In 2011, the CEACR reported that,
according to the Panamanian Government, consensus among stakeholders to address the
minimum number of workers required for union formation has still not been reached.130
125
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 131-132. See also prior annual CEACR reports.
126
International Labor Conference, 2009 Report of the CEACR, 144.
127
International Labor Conference, 2010 Report of the CEACR, 190.
128
International Labor Conference, Report of the CEACR, 81st session, 1994 General Survey on the Reports on the
Freedom of Association and the Right to Organize Convention (No. 87), and the Reports on the Right to Organize and
Collective Bargaining Convention (No. 98), para. 81, including mention of Panama in footnote 71. Available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/index.htm.
129
ILO CFA, 327th Report, Case No. 2138, Complaint against the Government of Ecuador presented by the Ecuadorian
Confederation of Free Trade Union Organizations (CEOSL), (2002) para. 539. ILO CFA, 316th Report, Case No. 1996,
Complaint against the Government of Uganda presented by the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers'
Federation (ITGLWF), (1999) para. 662. Available from http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/index.htm.
130
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 134.
In June 2010, the Government of Panama passed Law 30, which amended the Labor Code and
several non-labor laws.131 In response to a subsequent mass protest, the Government convened a
multi-stakeholder commission and as a result passed six new laws that replace Law 30.132 Of the
six, Law 68 of 2010 addressed the main labor issues and most notably does the following:133
Allows employers to access the worksite during a strike (previously the Labor Code
required complete closure of the enterprise) and to hire contract workers for non-
production activities as deemed necessary by the MITRADEL to avoid irreparable
damage to machinery and basic maintenance unless the union permits existing workers to
perform such work.134 The CEACR finds this to be satisfactory but continues to request
that the Government ensure the right of entry of non-striking workers.135
Restores a Labor Code requirement for all union dues to be deducted from the paychecks
of workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and now provides that the
details of such deductions may be negotiated through collective bargaining.136 The
CEACR finds this to be generally consistent with international labor standards.137
Establishes a new labor union commission to create rules for designating labor
representatives to the ILO (previously the law was not clear about the designation
process).138 The ILO has not commented on this provision.
131
Government of Panama, Que dicta medidas para promover el desarrollo sostenible de la aviación comercial, reforma
normas laborales y penales y adopta disposiciones para posibilitar la ejecución de proyectos de interés nacional, Ley 30
(2010), as published in Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26556-A; available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
Note that Law 30 of 2010 is not the same as Law 30 of 2011 (referred to elsewhere in this report) which amends the SEAB
law.
132
As background, Law 30 of 2010 was very controversial because of 1.) the highly expedited process that had been used
to pass it through the National Assembly; 2.) the content of the labor amendments; and 3.) the immediate application of
some of those amendments, which led to a large strike in the Bocas del Toro region. Concerns in the same region over the
labor and other provisions affecting, for example, the environment and indigenous territories, were expressed in a peaceful
street protest of over 10,000 people; subsequent protests, however, resulted in over 700 injuries and several fatalities. For
a fuller account of these events, see U.S. Embassy-Panama City, reporting, June 14, July 8, July 12, July 13, July 20,
August 4, October 25, November 9, 2010.
133
Government of Panama, Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68 (October 26,
2010), as published in the Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26651-A; available from
http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
134
Ibid., Article 3. See also Código de Trabajo, Article 493.
135
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 133-134.
136
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 2. See also Código de
Trabajo, Article 373.
137
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 134. The CEACR qualifies this by stating that the
legislation should be further amended such that the level of dues required of covered non-members would not prevent their
ability to pay additional normal dues for joining a union of their choice, if the worker should desire to do so.
138
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 7. See also Código de
Trabajo, Article 1066.
Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 87 on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right
to Organize on June 3, 1958, ILO Convention No. 98 on the Right to Organize and Collective
Bargaining on May 16, 1966, and ILO Convention No. 11 on the Right of Association in
Agriculture on June 19, 1970.139
The Panamanian Constitution and Labor Code provide workers and employers with the right to
form unions for economic and social activities.140 The Organic Law of the ACP extends this
right to Panama Canal workers.141 Under the ACA, permanent administrative career public
servants may form “associations” within their respective institutions, “which have the aim of
promoting studies, training, improvement and protection of their members.”142 Such associations
are similar to unions but subject to different rules and restrictions, including those governing
their rights to strike and bargain collectively, as discussed in Section 5.2.2.1 on Public Service
Workers and Section 5.3.1 on Right to Collective Bargaining.
The Labor Code establishes four legal categories of unions for workers:
trade unions, formed by individuals of the same profession, trade, or specialty (a “guild”
or craft union);
mixed unions, formed by individuals of various professions, trades, or specialties who are
employed by different firms, when the number of workers in such professions, trades, or
specialties in a given city, district, province, or region is less than 50.143
Employers’ unions may be established by employers in the same industrial sector or economic
activity or by employers in several sectors. They may be established with reference to a specific
geographical area or may be national in scope.144
The Labor Code requires a minimum of 40 workers to establish and maintain a labor union in the
private sector (as discussed in Section Four) and at least ten employers to form an employers’
union.145
139
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
140
Constitución Politica de la República de Panamá, Article 68. See also Código de Trabajo, Articles 334-335. The
Labor Code describes a “union” as an “association of employees … for the study, improvement, protection and defense of
its common economic and social interests.” Labor Code (trans. by Miller and Shirley), Article 341.
141
Organic Law of the ACP, Article 95.
142
Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Ley No. 9 (1994), Article 174.
143
Código de Trabajo, Article 342.
144
Ibid., Article 343.
145
Ibid., Article 344.
The Labor Code stipulates that two or more unions may freely form federations, and two or more
federations can establish and join confederations.148 Under certain circumstances, individual
unions may also directly join confederations.149 Panamanian labor organizations face no
restrictions in affiliating with international organizations.150
Once the required threshold for numbers of workers, unions, or federations is reached, the union,
federation, or confederation may file an application with the MITRADEL to register.
Registration establishes juridical personality.151 The MITRADEL has a non-extendable period
of 15 days to record the registration.152 The Labor Code stipulates that if the MITRADEL does
not respond to the initial application for registration within 15 days, the organization is to be
automatically registered.153 The MITRADEL is then required to issue a certificate and to enter
registration information in the “registers of social organizations.”154 However, the U.S.
Department of State has reported that union leaders assert that such “automatic” registration does
not always occur. It states that the MITRADEL attributes the delays for new registrations to
insufficient resources and backlogs.155
The MITRADEL may only object to a labor organization’s application if the union, federation,
or confederation at issue has fewer than the legal minimum number of members, has not
submitted the required documentation or does not meet the definition and purpose of a union
organization as defined in the Labor Code.156 If the MITRADEL objects to an application, it
must provide the petitioning organization an opportunity to respond.157 If the MITRADEL finds
the response deficient, it may deny the application.
The MITRADEL may also deny an application that seeks to establish a company-level union
where one already exists or where the union, if established, would be controlled by an
employer,158 in violation of the Labor Code. The Labor Code bans employers from taking
actions to promote or control a labor organization, including through financial incentives.159
146
Código de Trabajo, Articles 338 and 346.
147
ILO Digest of Decisions of Freedom of Association (2006), para. 317.
148
Código de Trabajo, Article 349.
149
Ibid. The law uses both “confederation(s)” and “central(s).” In practice, the MITRADEL uses these terms
interchangeably. For purposes of this report, the term “confederation(s)” is used hereinafter and refers to both.
150
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City Official in response to USDOL request
for updated information (Email communication attachment, July 30, 2008, U.S. Embassy-Panama City).
151
Código de Trabajo, Article 351.
152
Ibid., Article 352.
153
Ibid., Article 356. The Constitution, however, allows 30 days for a response to the initial application. See Constitución
Politica de la República de Panamá, Article 68.
154
Labor Code (trans. by Miller and Shirley), Article 356. See also Código de Trabajo.
155
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7a. See also U.S. Department of State, “Country
Reports – 2009: Panama,” Section 7a.
156
Código de Trabajo, Article 354. “Unions” are defined in Article 341 of the Labor Code.
157
Ibid., Article 353.
158
Ibid., Article 355.
159
Ibid., Article 388.
According to Panama’s Ministry of Foreign Relations, the principle of union autonomy prevents
administrative authorities from inquiring, on their own initiative, about whether a labor
organization is genuinely free from employer control. Rather, the MITRADEL must receive a
complaint of such employer interference from a labor organization or from workers prior to
inquiring.161 In 2008, the MITRADEL reportedly did not receive any such complaints.162 The
MITRADEL administers a permanent union education program through the IPEL, which
emphasizes, among other things, the need for labor organizations to be free from employer
interference.163
Union members may dissolve a union by a vote of two-thirds of their members taken at a general
meeting.164 Two or more trade unions may merge to form a new organization if they agree upon
their respective dissolutions.165
Labor organizations are free to elect their own leadership, provided that the elected leaders are
Panamanian citizens.166 Employers are prohibited from attempting to influence the results of a
union election.167 In 2011, the CEACR reiterated longstanding concerns with Panama’s
Constitutional provision that bans foreign nationals from serving as union leaders. The CEACR
has stated that the categorical ban is inconsistent with ILO standards, and has suggested a
“reasonable” time-limited period of residence in the country before foreign nationals are allowed
to serve as union leaders.168
As of the end of 2008, the MITRADEL reported that there were 738 unions, 64 federations and
12 confederations; of these, seven unions and one federation were newly registered that year.169
Although the total number of public worker associations is unknown, the National Federation of
Public Employees and Workers of Public Service Enterprises (Federación Nacional de
Empleados Públicos y Trabajadores de Empresas de Servicio Público (FENASEP)) reports that
it consists of 23 public worker associations and federations representing 43,000 workers.170
Based on the Comptroller’s August 2010 estimates detailed previously, this amounts to
approximately 18 percent of all Government workers in the labor force.
160
Ibid., Article 389.
161
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
162
Ibid.
163
Government of Panama, Por la cual se crea el “Instituto Panameño de Estudios Laborales,” Ley 74 (1973) as
published in the Gaceta Oficial No. 17,443 (October 1, 1973); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/busca/legislacion.html. For additional information about the MITRADEL’s responsibilities
to educate workers of their rights, see Por el cual se crea el “Seguro Educativo” Decreto de Gabinete 168 de 1971, as
published in the Gaceta Oficial No. 16,913 (August 6, 1971) and Código de Trabajo, Article 380.
164
Código de Trabajo, Articles 396-397. These procedures concern such issues as notification and post-dissolution
distribution of assets.
165
Ibid., Article 395.
166
Constitución Politica de la República de Panamá, Article 68.
167
Código de Trabajo, Article 138.
168
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 132.
169
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
170
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 5.
The ACA states that in the public sector there may be only one public employee association per
government institution and one chapter of an association per province.174 As mentioned in
Section Four, a 2009 amendment to the Act requires at least 50 employees to form a public
sector employee association, reversing a 2007 amendment to the ACA that had reduced the
number from 50 to 40.175 Thirty members are still required to form a chapter. The 2009
amendment also provides that at least three associations are needed to form a federation,
reversing the 2007 amendment to the ACA that had reduced the number from three to two.176
The ACA specifies that associations of public sector workers can join federations of public
sector workers, grouped by class or sector of activity; these in turn may join public sector
confederations.177 Two federations are required to form a confederation.178 Such federations and
confederations can not join private sector workers’ organizations.
The CEACR has requested for several years that the Government amend legislation that limits
the number of public employee associations to one per institution and the number of chapters to
one per province.179 The CEACR had also raised concerns about the ban on public sector
federations and confederations affiliating with organizations of private sector workers. The
Government has not amended the pertinent legal provisions to explicitly allow such affiliation.180
171
Documentation necessary to further investigate the sources of discrepancy was not available during the preparation of
this report and likely does not exist.
172
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 5.
173
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
174
Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Articles 174 and 178.
175
Ibid., Article 182 (originally Article 177) as amended by Law No. 43 of 2009, Que Reforma La Ley 9 de 1994, Article
16.
176
Ibid.
177
Por la cual se establece la Carrera Administrativa, Article 176.
178
Government of Panama, Que modifica y adiciona artículos a la ley 9 de 1994, que establece y regula la carrera
administrativa, y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley No. 24 (2007), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 25,826 (July 3, 2007),
Article 9; available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/busca/gaceta.html. See also Por la cual se establece la Carrera
Administrativa, Article 177-178.
179
ILO CEACR, Observation, Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 (No.87)
Panama (ratification: 1958) 2008 [online][cited September 4, 2008]; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/newcountryframeE.htm. This observation reprises comments made in previous years.
See also International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 131-132.
180
ILO CEACR, Observation, Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 (No .87)
Panama (ratification: 1958) 2008. This observation reprises comments made in previous years. See also (regarding denial
of registration of FENASEP to a private sector organization) CFA Report No. 321 (2000), Case No. 1967, “Complaint
against the Government of Panama presented by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)”;
available from http://webfusion.ilo.org/public/db/standards/normes/libsynd/index.cfm?Lang=EN&hdroff=1.
The Regulations on Labor Relations of the ACP explicitly recognize the right of workers to
form, participate in, and affiliate with unions or to refrain from so doing.181 According to the
U.S. Department of State, the ACP employs approximately 9,500 workers.182 The Labor
Relations Board of the ACP has the exclusive jurisdiction to determine and certify appropriate
bargaining units and to “recognize, certify, and revoke certification” of a union as an exclusive
representative of such a unit.183 Upon certification as the exclusive representative, a duly elected
union has the exclusive right to represent the bargaining unit workers in dealings with
management, negotiate collective agreements covering all workers in the unit, handle grievances,
and participate in the development and revision of regulations that affect working conditions.184
In order for a bargaining unit to be certified by the Labor Relations Board as the appropriate
bargaining unit, the unit must be a group of employees with an identifiable commonality of
interests that will promote the efficiency of ACP operations and can deal effectively with the
Administrative Authority.185 The bargaining unit’s membership must constitute no less than 33
percent of permanent workers in the ACP unit for which the union is seeking certification.
Once the Board certifies a bargaining unit as an appropriate unit, it calls for a secret ballot
election to be held within 60 days to select that unit’s exclusive bargaining representative based
on a majority vote of the unit members.186 A union other than that which petitioned for
bargaining unit certification may intervene in the election, so long as that union has the support
of at least ten percent of bargaining unit employees and fulfills other procedural requirements. 187
A union may challenge the certification of a bargaining unit’s elected exclusive representative if
the challenging union has the support of at least 33 percent of workers in that unit and meets
other requirements.188 If the challenging union meets those requirements, the Board will call for
another secret ballot election of workers in the bargaining unit to determine which union should
be the exclusive bargaining representative.189
Panama’s labor laws restrict the use of subcontracting to undermine workers’ right to organize.
The Labor Code defines a legitimate subcontractor as one whose workers perform work for the
benefit of more than one third-party company and that has its own capital, equipment,
management and other resources.190 In addition, the Labor Code prohibits subcontractors from
providing workers to a third-party for the performance of core business activities, except for
periods not to exceed two months, with prior approval of the MITRADEL and subject to
181
Por el cual se aprueba el Reglamento de Relaciones Laborales de la ACP, Article 5.
182
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7a.
183
Organic Law of the ACP, Article 113.
184
Ibid., Article 97. See also Por el cual se aprueba el Reglamento de Relaciones Laborales de la ACP, Article 51.
185
Ibid., Article 26.
186
Ibid., Article 34. See also Organic Law of the ACP, Article 113.
187
Por el cual se aprueba el Reglamento de Relaciones Laborales de la ACP, Article 38.
188
Ibid., Articles 39 and 40.
189
Ibid., Article 44.
190
Código de Trabajo, Articles 89 and 90.
If the conditions for a legitimate subcontracting arrangement are not met, the subcontractor is
deemed an intermediary and the workers are considered direct employees of the company for
which they are performing work, with all of the accompanying rights and protections, including
the right to form and join a company-level union.193 In May 2009, the Government of Panama
issued an Executive Decree setting out additional requirements for legitimate subcontracting and
additional monitoring and enforcement activities to ensure that subcontracting arrangements do
not undermine workers’ rights. (See Section Three for more information on the Decree.)
An employment agreement (contract) can be for an indefinite (permanent) period of time or for a
definite (temporary) period or for a specific piece of work.194 Temporary contracts generally
must be written and for no more than one year. For services requiring special technical skills,
temporary contracts may last up to three years and may be extended twice if the skills are
acquired at the expense of the employer.195 Temporary contracts and contracts for specific
pieces of work may not be used for filling positions that normally would be permanent, except as
otherwise provided in the Labor Code.196 In the case of temporary contracts, the Labor Code
specifies that violations of this prohibition will result in the employment relationship at issue
being deemed permanent.197 Additional protections against abuse of temporary contracts and
contracts for specific pieces of work are provided in Article 77, which enumerates those
situations in which such contracts will be considered permanent, including where those contracts
are intended to conceal permanent employment relationships.198
As discussed in Section Three, the Labor Code provisions on freedom of association apply to
workers in EPZs and FTZs.199 However, CONATO claims that, in practice, union organizations
cannot gain access to workers in EPZs as “the companies are surrounded by high walls and the
entrance is guarded.”200 Panama’s MICI has reported that there are no trade unions in Panama’s
191
Ibid., Articles 94 and 95. These rules also provide that the company utilizing the services of the workers is jointly and
severally liable with the company that hires the workers. Código de Trabajo, Article 95(2).
192
Ibid., Articles 92 and 93.
193
Ibid., Articles 82, 87 and 89.
194
Ibid., Article 73.
195
Ibid., Article 74. Presumably, such extensions are for periods of three years each; however, the Labor Code is not
specific on this issue.
196
Ibid., Articles 76 and 75.
197
Ibid., Article 75.
198
Ibid., Article 77.
199
Por la cual se establece un regimen especial, integral y simplificado para la creación y funcionamiento de zonas
procesadoras para la exportación (1992), Article 55.
200
U.S. Embassy- Panama City, Written communication, August 18, 2008.
Panama’s Labor Code bars discrimination on the basis of a worker’s union-related activities.
Specifically, the Labor Code prohibits employers from firing, punishing, transferring, demoting,
or otherwise discriminating against workers because they filed an individual or collective
grievance, belong to a union, signed a statement of grievances, or participated in a lawful strike.
The Labor Code also specifies “black listing” as an unfair labor practice. In this context, black
lists are understood as lists of pro-union workers that are used by anti-union parties to
discriminate against such workers.203 Employers are also prohibited from compelling workers to
join, refrain from joining, or withdraw from a union.204 Before firing or demoting union
members in a way that modifies the proportion of union to non-union employees, employers
must obtain prior judicial permission. Without such permission, the workers fired are entitled to
reinstatement with back wages.205 Infractions of the other anti-union discrimination provisions
may be punished with a fine of between 100 and 2,000 balboas, depending on the severity of the
violations.206
The Labor Code recognizes the concept of “union immunity,” or fuero sindical, which provides
temporary protection from dismissal and certain unilateral transfers or changes in working
conditions for workers in the process of forming a union, for union representatives, and for
leaders of labor organizations and their designated substitutes.210 The duration of fuero sindical
varies depending on the union-related status of the individual. Workers in the process of forming
a union enjoy fuero sindical protection during the union formation process and for three months
201
Ibid.
202
Department of State, “Panama,” in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2010, Section 7b, Washington, D.C.,
April 8, 2011; available from http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/wha/index.htm.
203
Código de Trabajo, Article 388.
204
Ibid., Article 138.
205
Ibid., Article 388.
206
Ibid., Article 389. These fines may be repeatedly doubled if violations continue.
207
Por la cual se reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vias navegables y se dictan otras disposiciones, Article 26.
208
Organic Law of the ACP, Article 108.
209
Ibid.
210
Código de Trabajo, Articles 381 and 383.
The 2007 amendment to the ACA grants certain public sector workers temporary protection
(referred to as fuero laboral, which appears to be the conceptual equivalent of fuero sindical for
unions) from dismissal and changes in their working conditions during the formation of a
workers’ association; during their tenure as association officers; and in the case of Secretary
Generals, up to three months after the end of their tenure.215 In 2009, the ILO CEACR stated
that the provisions in this amendment addressed its concerns about anti-union discrimination in
the formation of public sector associations and federations.216
The Constitution establishes the right to strike in Panama.217 The Labor Code provides that
strikes may be called to obtain improved working conditions, to reach a collective employment
agreement, to demand compliance with a collective employment agreement or to obtain
compliance with legal provisions that have been breached generally and repeatedly. 218 The
Labor Code also permits solidarity (“sympathy”) strikes, provided that they last no longer than
two hours and support legal strikes in the same industry, activity, district or company.219
The Labor Code does not provide for strikes in protest of government policies. The CEACR has
noted that this omission effectively denies the right to strike to federations and confederations
and has requested that the Government amend its legislation to provide such organizations with
the right to strike against the Government’s economic and social policies.220 The Government
211
Ibid., Articles 384 and 385. See also Labor Code (trans. by Miller and Shirley). To activate the protection, a group of
at least 21 workers must notify the Directorate of Labor in writing of their intention to form a union. Once this
notification has been given, other interested workers may also register to receive protection. See also Código de Trabajo,
Article 386.
212
Código de Trabajo, Articles 369 and 384. A union’s governing board may not exceed 11 members, all of whom are
entitled to this protection for unions of up to 200 members. Confederations, federations, centrals, and unions with more
than 200 members may designate protection for as many (or fewer) substitutes as they have leaders, while unions with
fewer than 200 members are limited by law to protection for only five substitutes. See Article 382.
213
Ibid., Article 384.
214
Ibid., Article 383.
215
Que modifica y adiciona artículos a la ley 9 de 1994, Article 10.
216
International Labor Conference, 2009 Report of the CEACR, 146.
217
Constitución Politica de la República de Panamá, Article 69. See also Código de Trabajo, Title IV.
218
Código de Trabajo, Articles 476 and 480.
219
Ibid., Articles 476, 480 and 483-484.
220
International Labor Conference, 2007 Report of the CEACR, 136; available from
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc96/pdf/rep-iii-1a.pdf. See also International Labor Conference,
2011 Report of the CEACR, 133. However, federations and confederations may strike over issues related to collective
bargaining agreements to which they are direct parties.
The Labor Code requires workers to attempt to resolve differences with management through
“conciliation procedures” (“procedimiento de conciliación”) before calling a strike. This
conciliation is coordinated by the MITRADEL and focuses on issues identified by a union or
unions, generally in a formal collective grievance petition.222 Conciliation must terminate 15
working days after a grievance petition is filed, though both parties, with the consent of the
conciliator, may agree to extend the conciliation.223 If a settlement is not reached within the
conciliation period, the conciliator must file a report with the Regional or General Labor
Directorate describing the extent to which agreements were reached and disputes remain.224
For 2008, the MITRADEL reported that it provided a total of 569 collective conciliation
services. These were generated by 427 grievance petitions seeking collective bargaining
agreements, of which 322 resulted in agreements; and, by 142 petitions alleging violations either
of the law or of existing collective agreements, 88 of which resulted in collective agreements and
26 of which resulted in strike declarations.225
When conciliation fails to produce an agreement, workers have 20 working days from the
completion of the conciliation proceeding to vote on whether to declare a strike. The declaration
of a strike must be made at least five calendar days prior to the strike, or in the case of public
services, eight calendar days.226 If the duration of the strike is not specified, it is deemed to be
declared for an indefinite period.227 Notice of the declaration of a strike must be given to the
DNIT or the Regional or General Labor Directorate, which must immediately notify the affected
employer or employers.228
The Labor Code requires that any declaration of a strike must be done at a union general
assembly meeting.229 The Labor Code establishes a two-thirds quorum requirement for a first
union general assembly meeting to consider an issue such as a strike declaration. If the required
quorum is not reached, a second meeting with a quorum requirement of 50 percent may be held.
If that quorum is not reached, a third meeting may be called at which the issue at hand may be
decided regardless of the number of union members present.230 In effect, this provision results in
221
International Labor Conference, 2005 Report of the CEACR, 90-91; available from
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc93/pdf/rep-iii-1a.pdf. See also International Labor Conference,
2003 Report of the CEACR, 294.
222
The petition must also identify between two and five representatives of the organization to take part in the resolution of
the dispute. The ILO CFA has noted that this number should be determined by the parties, rather than being fixed by
legislation. A grievance petition may seek collective bargaining or may simply seek to address other collective disputes
that are “legal or that relate to rights” or that are “economic or relate to interests,” which appear to be broad categories as
defined in the Labor Code. See Código de Trabajo, Articles 417-22, 427, 437, and 476. See also ILO CFA, Report 310
(June 1998), paras. 503-504; available from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb272/gb-5.htm.
223
Código de Trabajo, Article 443.
224
Ibid., Article 444.
225
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
226
Código de Trabajo, Article 490.
227
Ibid., Article 491.
228
Ibid., Article 492.
229
Ibid., Article 489.
230
Ibid., Articles 363 and 364.
After notice to the MITRADEL and the employer, the enterprise’s production activities are
suspended. Within the first 24 hours after a strike begins, an employer may request that the
MITRADEL count the number of strikers to confirm that the majority of company workers are
represented. Only if the strike count demonstrates that the majority of workers in the company
support the strike shall the productive activities remain suspended.235 Workers who joined the
company after the strike declaration, temporary workers and “employees in a position of trust”
are not counted for purposes of such a strike count.236 Workers can request reconsideration or
appeal of a MITRADEL finding that a majority of workers do not support the strike.237
If the above MITRADEL vote count results in the employer having to suspend production
activities indefinitely, the employer can seek to re-open the enterprise by having a court declare
the strike illegal. If the employer pursues such an action, striking workers may remain on strike
until a court rules. In the absence of such a complaint, the strike is automatically considered to
be legal.238 If a court rules that the strike is illegal, workers must return to their jobs within 24
hours or risk being fired with cause.239 A strike can be ruled illegal, among other reasons, if
despite being supporting by a majority of participants in the strike vote, the strike is ultimately
231
Código de Trabajo, Articles 363, 364 and 489. Details on voting procedures are set forth in individual union bylaws.
See also Embassy of Panama, Washington D.C., Written communication in response to USTR questions on labor law
issues (Email communication attachment, April 18, 2009).
232
International Labor Conference, 2007 Report of the CEACR, 135.
233
Código de Trabajo, Article 489.
234
Ibid., Article 476.
235
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 3. See also Código de
Trabajo, Article 3(5). See also Por el cual se Reglamentan los Artículos 487 (Huelga en los Servicios Publicos), 493 y
495 (Efectos de la Huelga) del Código de Trabajo, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 32 (August 10, 1994); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. Executive Decree 32 provides that “[f]or the purpose of
determining a majority, of employees who support the strike, only employees of the company or companies or of
employers who agree at the time of the count shall have the right to vote, whether or not they belong to the organization
that raises the conflict.” Thus, both union and non-union employees participate in a strike count. See also Embassy of
Panama, Washington D.C., Written communication, April 18, 2009. See also MITRADEL Official, Written
communication to USTR in response to USTR request for information on labor issues (Email communication attachment,
April 22, 2009).
236
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 3(5). See also Por el cual se
Reglamentan los Artículos 487 (Huelga en los Servicios Publicos), 493 y 495 (Efectos de la Huelga) del Código de
Trabajo, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 32, para. 4.2. An “employee in a position of trust is one who performs services involving
management, supervision or representation for an employer, when these services are of a general nature within the normal
scope of activities of the employer or when so provided in a collective employment agreement.” Código de Trabajo,
Article 84.
237
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 5. See also United States
Government consultations with Government of Panama, March 31-April 24. 2009. See also Código de Trabajo, Article
507. See also Embassy of Panama, Washington D.C., Written communication, April 18, 2009. See also MITRADEL
Official, Written communication, April 22, 2009.
238
Código de Trabajo, Article 500.
239
Ibid., Article 507.
Law 68 of 2010 amended the Labor Code to permit employers and certain other specified
individuals to access an enterprise during a strike.241 Law 68 further requires the productive
activities of an enterprise to cease once a strike begins and the contracts of striking workers to be
suspended.242 As part of that process, the Labor Directorate or Regional Directorate is charged
with ensuring compliance with these requirements throughout the strike.243 Further, employers
are not allowed to hire new workers to replace strikers and resume suspended activities unless
the MITRADEL deems such hiring necessary to prevent irreparable harm to machinery and basic
infrastructure and the strikers do not authorize such work by existing personnel.244
At any point during a strike, workers may ask a labor court to determine whether a strike is
“just” (“attributable to the employer”). Strikes may be considered to be attributable to the
employer when an employer has not responded to workers’ grievances, refuses to take part in
conciliation or violates other legal requirements governing the right to strike, such as by
unlawfully hiring replacement workers or preventing allowable strike activities.245 When a strike
is ruled to be just, employers must continue to pay the salaries of all employees affected by the
strike.
The MITRADEL reports that in 2008, there were 26 declared strikes that were initially
“presumed legal,” seven of which were actually carried out and four of which were explicitly
declared legal after employer challenges of legality; 15 days were lost due to the strikes, which
affected 362 workers.246 Statistics on illegal strikes could not be obtained and do not appear to
be kept.247
According to the Organic Law of the ACP, employees of the ACP provide an essential
international service and are therefore not permitted to strike.248 ACP workers must submit all
240
Ibid., Article 498. Article 498 provides that a strike may be declared to be unlawful only if: (1) it fails to meet the
requirements in Articles 476, 477, 484, 487 or 489 of the Labor Code or (2) for acts of physical violence during the strike.
Article 476 requires inter alia that for a strike to be lawful a majority of employees of a company must support it, and
Article 489 provides that a union may only declare a strike at a general assembly meeting. Article 477 sets out the
requirement that 60 percent of a trade or industrial union must support a strike for it to be lawful, and Articles 484 and 487
address sympathy strikes and strikes in essential services respectively.
241
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 3(3).
242
Ibid., Article 3(2).
243
Ibid., Article 3(1). See also Código de Trabajo, Article 493.
244
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Ley 68, Article 3(4).
245
Código de Trabajo, Articles 510 and 511. Other legal requirements for employers are listed in Articles 493 and 496.
246
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009. Strikes that are not challenged
are presumed legal. The three of the seven not explicitly declared legal were apparently not challenged.
247
U.S. Embassy-Panama City, Written communication, August 18, 2008.
248
Organic Law of the ACP, Article 109.7.
The Labor Code generally permits workers providing public services, including public services
provided by private companies, to strike subject to the same requirements set forth for strikes for
other employees.251 Labor Code Article 486, however, requires that minimum operational
services be provided in the case of strikes in certain “public services,” defined as including
providers of utilities, communication, transportation, essential foodstuffs, and public hospitals.252
As noted in Section Three, Executive Decree 25, as amended by Decree 132, specifies that
transportation in the context of Article 486 is limited to public (not private) passenger services
on land, air and sea.253 Striking workers in the designated public services must give their
employers at least eight days notice prior to strike declaration and must inform the Regional or
General Directorate of Labor about arrangements made for emergency shifts in the centers
affected by the strike to prevent their complete closure.254 In such cases, between 20 to 30
percent of the total employees of the company, establishment, or business in question must
participate in such shifts; in cases of strikes by trade unions, between 20 to 30 percent of the total
number of employees in the same trade or profession within each company, establishment, or
business must participate.255 The Regional or General Directorate of Labor may mandate 30
percent participation if it deems that a lesser percentage is insufficient, and according to
Executive Decree 26 of 2009, may do so in situations involving risk to life, safety and health of
the population; potentially grave effects on the normal life of citizens and/or economic, social or
political crises of grave consequences; or danger to the source of the workers’ employment and
of the enterprise.256
The ILO CFA has found that defining the appropriate level of minimum operational services in
such cases should involve a tripartite process, with workers and employers, not solely the
Government.257 Specifically in the case of Panama, the CEACR has commented that the
minimum service level required in the case of strikes in the public services articulated in Labor
Code Article 486 should be the result of tripartite negotiations.258
249
Ibid., Articles 92 and 109. See also Constitución Politica de la República de Panamá, Article 322.
250
Supreme Court of Justice, Panama, Demanda de inconstitucionalidad presentada por Lcda. Anayansi Turner, en
representación del Confederación Nacional de Unidad Sindical Independiente (CONUSI), contra varios artículos y
expresiones en la Ley 19 de 1997, (submitted December 5, 2001). See also U.S. Embassy-Panama City, Written
communication, August 4, 2008.
251
Código de Trabajo, Article 485.
252
Ibid., Articles 486 and 487. See also ILO, Principios y derechos fundamentales en el trabajo: un estudio sobre la
legislación laboral en Panamá (2004), 14; available from
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/download/panama.pdf. The latter document is available in Spanish only.
253
Government of Panama, Por el cual se reforma el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 25 de 5 de junio de 2009, Decreto Ejecutivo
No. 132 (June 5, 2010), Articles 1,2.
254
Código de Trabajo, Article 487.
255
Ibid., Article 487.
256
Ibid., Article 487; Government of Panama, Por el cual se establecen los parámetros a tomar en consideración en
relación con el porcentaje de trabajadores que laboraran en los turnos de los servicios publicos durante la huelga en
estos, de acuerdo con lo establecido en el artículo 487 del Codigo de Trabajo, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 26 (June 5, 2009),
Article 1.
257
ILO Digest of Decisions of Freedom of Association (2006), paras. 609 and 610.
258
See International Labor Conference, 2001 Report of the CEACR, 296. See also International Labor Conference, 2011
Report of the CEACR, 133; International Labor Conference, 2009 Report of the CEACR, 145.
The ACA allows public servants, defined as workers in the executive, legislative, or judicial
branches or in municipalities or autonomous or semi-autonomous state entities, the right to strike
according to the terms of the Act.261 The Act requires that in the first instance, the originating
agency’s administrative authorities and the board of directors of the employee association
attempt to resolve the collective conflict at issue within ten days of a formal request for direct
negotiations. In the event that the conflict is not resolved, the association may petition a Board
of Appeals and Conciliation that is provided specifically for the public sector. If the matter
remains unresolved, it may be forwarded to an Arbitration Tribunal, also provided specifically
for the public sector. The matter may be submitted either by the Board of Appeals, the employer
agency or the employee association that petitioned the case before the Board. The Tribunal’s
ruling must be issued within ten working days of the final hearing and is final and binding on all
parties. If the public entity fails to comply with the arbitral ruling, the association may choose,
among other things, to declare a strike according to the limits of the law.262
For institutions covered by the ACA, a minimum staffing level of at least 25 percent must be
maintained throughout the duration of strikes by workers providing non-essential public services
at public institutions, and at least 50 percent of the workforce must remain on the job in public
institutions providing services considered essential. For purposes of the ACA, essential services
in Panama include food provision, transportation, postal service, civil registry, water distribution,
electricity, telecommunications, public revenue collection, air traffic control, and firefighting.
Employees who refuse to continue working during a strike in any such services may be fired
legally.263 The CEACR has found these minimum staffing requirements excessive in sectors that
are not strictly essential as defined by the ILO.264 Although what is meant by essential services
depends on the particular circumstances in a country, based on the ILO’s findings in other
contexts, the following services in Panama may not be considered strictly essential: the supply
and provision of food (except food for children), transportation, postal services, civil registry,
telecommunications (except for telephone service), and certain forms of public revenue
collection (specifically, computer services for the collection of excise duties and taxes).265 The
259
Código de Trabajo, Article 452.
260
See International Labor Conference, 2001 Report of the CEACR, 296. See also International Labor Conference, 2011
Report of the CEACR, 133; International Labor Conference, 2009 Report of the CEACR, 145.
261
Asamblea Legislativa Ley No. 9, Articles 2 and 135(21).
262
Ibid., Articles 181-183 and 192.
263
Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa, Articles 152(14) and 185. See also ILO, Principios y
derechos fundamentales en el trabajo: un estudio sobre la legislación laboral en Panamá, 14.
264
ILO, CEACR: Individual Observation concerning Convention No. 87, Freedom of Association and the Right to
Organize,1948 Panama, 2007, para. 2(e); available from
http://webfusion.ilo.org/public/db/standards/normes/libsynd/index.cfm?hdroff=1. See also ILO Digest of Decisions of
Freedom of Association (2006), para. 576. The ILO has defined essential services as “services the interruption of which
would endanger the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population.”
265
ILO Digest of Decisions of Freedom of Association (2006), paras 582, 585 and 587.
As discussed, Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 98 on the Right to Organize and Collective
Bargaining on May 16, 1966.268
Under the Labor Code, employers are required to enter into collective bargaining agreements
when requested by recognized unions.274 An employer’s refusal to negotiate is grounds for a
legal strike.275 Since the passage of Law 32 of 2011, all employers nationwide, including in
EPZs and FTZs, have had such a duty to bargain collectively from the time their operations
begin. Under the Organic Law of the ACP, workers in the Panama Canal also enjoy the right to
bargain collectively,276 though generally not on security and scheduling matters.277
Public servants in Panama do not enjoy the same right to collective bargaining as private sector
workers covered by the Labor Code. In practice, however, public associations have been able to
266
See International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 133
267
International Labor Conference, 2001 Report of the CEACR, 297-298. See also International Labor Conference, 2009
Report of the CEACR, 145.
268
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
269
The Labor Code uses the term “collective employment agreement” to refer to what is commonly understood to be a
collective bargaining agreement between a union and an employer. For clarity, this report uses the term “collective
bargaining agreement” to refer to a “collective employment agreement.” This report uses the term “direct agreement” to
refer to an agreement between employers and non-unionized workers.
270
Código de Trabajo, Article 398.
271
Ibid., Article 410.
272
Ibid., Article 416.
273
Ibid., Article 404.
274
Ibid., Article 401.
275
Ibid., Article 401.
276
Organic Law of the ACP, Article 108.
277
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
Direct agreements between employers and groups of non-organized workers are legal in Panama
as long as no union exists in the workplace at issue and the agreements do not undermine
workers’ right to freedom of association. As discussed in Section Three, the Government of
Panama issued Executive Decree 18 of 2009, as amended by Executive Decree 131 of 2010, to
clarify that in cases where non-organized workers request the MITRADEL to register a direct
agreement or a request to negotiate such an agreement, the MITRADEL must verify, before
registration, that no union exists at the company in question and that the agreement would not
undermine the freedom of association rights of workers.
If an employees’ union or group of employees asserts a collective dispute, including one that
requests the signing of a collective bargaining agreement, it may file a statement of grievances
with the Regional or General Labor Directorate.280 The Labor Code provides that if in the same
enterprise two or more statements of grievances are filed at the same time, they are to be merged
into a single statement and the employees of the establishment affected by the dispute are to
designate a single group of representatives.281 If a group of representatives is not selected within
a period of two days, the negotiation is to be conducted by the most representative union or the
group of employees that represents the majority of workers at the enterprise. If the statements
are related to a collective bargaining agreement, the procedures established in Labor Code
Article 402 for addressing simultaneous and conflicting collective bargaining requests apply with
respect to which union should conclude the requested agreement.282
278
Que modifica y adiciona artículos a la ley 9 de 1994, Article 11. The extent to which the lack of regulation impedes
implementation of this right is unknown.
279
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 135.
280
Código de Trabajo, Article 426.
281
Ibid., Article 431.
282
Ibid., Article 402. The article establishes procedures in the event that several employees’ organizations request the
signing of a collective employment agreement at the same company and do not agree among themselves.
In 2009, there were no collective bargaining agreements in the EPZs but there was one
agreement with non-organized workers in call centers, covering 139 workers.285 The
Government also reported that in 2008, there were five existing collective bargaining agreements
in the ACP, covering approximately 9,698 workers.286
Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 29 on Forced Labor and ILO Convention No. 105 on the
Abolition of Forced Labor on May 16, 1966.287
Panama has no laws that explicitly prohibit the use of forced or compulsory labor. However, the
Constitution of Panama, as well as the Panamanian Penal Code, afford related protections that
prohibit forced labor. The Constitution states that no one may be deprived of his or her liberty
and guarantees that all people are free to perform any profession or office.288 The Penal Code
prohibits depriving a person of his or her freedom and punishes the offense by one to three years
imprisonment or fines.289
283
Ibid., Article 399.
284
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City Official in response to USDOL request
for updated information (Email communication attachment, May 18, 2011, U.S. Embassy-Panama City). This
information does not include agreements that were registered up to four years ago and that are still in effect.
285
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City Official, April 23, 2009.
286
Ibid.
287
ILO, Ratifications by Country. For information on forced labor in Panama, please see the U.S. Department of Labor’s
2009 Trade and Development Act (TDA) Report and the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA)
reports available at: http://www.dol.gov/ilab/highlights/if-20101215.htm. The 2010 TDA and TVPRA reports are
expected to be published in September 2011.
288
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Articles 21 and 40. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, E-mail
Communication to USDOL Official, April 20, 2011.
289
Código Penal, Adoptado por la Ley 14 de 2007, con las modificaciones y adiciones introducidas por la Ley 26 de 2008,
la Ley 5 de 2009, la Ley 68 de 2009 y la Ley 14 de 2010, Article 149; available from
http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/sp/pan/sp_pan-int-text-cp.pdf.
Penal Code provisions penalize the sale of children for the purposes of forced labor or sexual
exploitation.293 The Family Code guarantees children protection against being kidnapped, sold,
or trafficked for any purpose, but does not include penalties.294 (For more information on child
labor, see Section 5.5.)
The Public Ministry and the Ministry of Labor are charged with enforcement of forced labor
laws.
Forced child labor in domestic service is a problem in Panama.295 However, research has not
identified investigations of forced labor crimes in Panama.296
The Panamanian National Police Sex Crimes Unit is responsible for investigating trafficking
cases.297 The Department of Judicial Investigations also operates a unit of five staff dedicated to
investigating trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation.298
Panama is a source, transit, and destination country for the trafficking of women and children for
commercial sexual exploitation. Panamanian victims are principally trafficked within the
country for sexual exploitation.299 Weak controls along the borders make Panama a transit
country for irregular migrants who enter the country voluntarily, but are vulnerable to becoming
trafficking victims.300 In 2010, the Government investigated 51 cases of trafficking in
persons.301
The U.S. Department of State has determined that Panama does not fully comply with the U.S.
Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s minimum standards, citing the lack of a legal prohibition on
trafficking for forced labor and weaknesses in law enforcement and victim protection efforts. As
290
Código Penal, Article 181.
291
Ibid.
292
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, March 10, 2011. See also Mendoza, Eduardo. "Ejecutivo analiza proyecto sobre la
trata de personas" La Prensa, March 3, 2011; available from
http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2011/03/03/hoy/panorama/2521853.asp. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama,
E-mail Communication to USDOL Official, April 20, 2011.
293
Código Penal, Article 207.
294
Código de la Familia, (1994), Article 489 (18); available from http://www.legalinfo-
panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_IIprem.pdf.
295
U.S. Department of State. "Panama (Tier 2 Watch List)." Trafficking in Persons Report- 2010. See also U.S. Embassy-
Panama, reporting, February 23, 2010.
296
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 22, 2011. See also ibid. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, E-mail
Communication to USDOL Official, May 11, 2011.
297
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 23, 2010.
298
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 22, 2011.
299
U.S. Department of State. "Panama (Tier 2 Watch List)." In Trafficking in Persons Report- 2010. Washington, DC,
June 14, 2010; available from http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142761.htm.
300
Ibid.
301
U.S. Embassy- Panama, E-mail Communication to USDOL Official, April 29, 2011.
The National Commission for the Prevention of Commercial Sexual Exploitation (Comisión
para la Prevención de la Explotación Sexual Comercial, CONAPREDES) is the lead agency in
coordinating government anti-trafficking efforts.303 In 2010, the Government continued to
operate a special trafficking victims unit inside the National Immigration Office. This unit
provides protection and legal assistance to trafficking victims and oversees prevention efforts,
such as education campaigns.304
5.5 Effective Abolition of Child Labor, A Prohibition on the Worst Forms of Child
Labor, and Other Labor Protections for Children and Minors
Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 138 on the Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
and ILO Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor on October 31, 2000.305
Panama’s Constitution, Family Code, and Labor Code set the minimum age for employment at
14 and at age 15 for children who have not completed primary school.306 Similarly, the Law on
Education mandates that children under the age of 15 cannot work or participate in other
activities that deprive them of their right to attend school regularly.307
The Constitution allows children below the minimum age to work under conditions established
by laws.308 The Family and Labor Codes appear to allow for light work in agriculture that does
not prejudice school attendance starting at age 12,309 but provisions regarding hours of work are
not well defined. The Labor Code states that minors 12 to 15 years of age may be employed in
agriculture if the work is outside regular schooling hours.310 Similarly, the Family Code permits
children between the ages of 12 and 14 to perform agricultural labor as long as the work does not
302
U.S. Department of State. "Panama (Tier 2 Watch List)." Trafficking in Persons Report- 2010. See also Mendoza,
Eduardo. "Ejecutivo analiza proyecto sobre la trata de personas" La Prensa, March 3, 2011.
303
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, March 11, 2011.
304
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 23, 2009, para. 4. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February
22, 2011.
305
ILO, Ratifications by Country. For information on the prevalence and nature of child labor in Panama, enforcement of
child labor laws, and policies and programs on the issue, please see the U.S. Department of Labor’s 2009 Trade and
Development Act (TDA) Report and the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) reports available
at: http://www.dol.gov/ilab/highlights/if-20101215.htm. The 2010 TDA and TVPRA reports are expected to be published
in September 2011.
306
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá con reformas hasta 2004, Article 70. See also Código de la Familia,
(1994), Article 508; available from http://www.legalinfo-panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_index.htm. See also
Código de Trabajo (1971), Article 117(1) and (2).
307
Government of Panama, Ley Orgánica de Educación (1946), Article 46; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
308
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 70.
309
Código de Trabajo, Article 119. See also Código de la Familia, Article 716.
310
Código de Trabajo, Article 119. See also Paula Antezana Rimassa, Trabajo Infantil en la Agricultura, ILO, 2007, 40-
41.
Various laws and an executive decree govern hazardous work by children. The Family Code and
the Labor Code prohibit children less than age 18 from certain activities and types of hazardous
work, including work in venues where alcohol is sold, in public transport, with electricity, with
toxic substances, and underground.313 Both the Labor Code and Penal Code establish penalties
for employing children in hazardous or illegal occupations.314 Panamanian law also penalizes
the use of children in certain activities involving illegal substances.315
Executive Decree No. 19 of 2006 provides a comprehensive list of the hazardous work for
children, banned both by the Labor and Penal Codes. The Decree clarified the types of work
considered hazardous for children under age 18, including work under water or on ships, with
pesticides, involving exposure to extreme weather conditions, with heavy equipment or
dangerous tools, involving carrying heavy loads, in the transport of goods or people, and in trash
recycling.316 The Decree indicates that existing laws are to be used to sanction violations,
although it is unclear whether in practice either the Labor or Penal Codes are being applied
against employers hiring children to perform the hazardous work identified in the Executive
Decree.317
The MITRADEL is charged with enforcement of child labor laws. In 2010, the Government of
Panama established the National Bureau against Child Labor and for the Protection of
Adolescent Workers within the MITRADEL, replacing the previous department charged with the
311
Código de la Familia, Article 716. There is some conflict between the provisions of the laws discussed above and the
Agriculture Code. That Code prohibits children under 14 years of age from paid work in agriculture, even with parental
permission. However, because the Family Code repeals or amends any laws referring to family or minors that are
inconsistent with the Code, and the Agriculture Code was passed in 1962, this age limitation presumably controls in case
of discrepancy. See Government of Panama, Por la cual se aprueba el código agrario de la República (1962), as
published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 14,726 (August 21, 1962), Article 403; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. See also Código de la Familia, Article 838. See also
Código de Trabajo, Article 119.
312
ILO Committee of Experts, Individual Direct Request concerning Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Panama
(ratification: 2000), [online] 2006 [cited April 26, 2010]; available from http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-
lex/pdconv.pl?host=status01&textbase=iloeng&document=18523&chapter=9&query=%28C138%29+%40ref+%2B+%28
Panama%29+%40ref&highlight=&querytype=bool&context=0. See also Código de la Familia, Article 716. See also
Código de Trabajo, Article 119.
313
Código de Trabajo,Article 118; available from
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/42679/67564/S95PAN01.htm. See also Government of Panama, Código
de la Familia, Article 510; available from http://www.legalinfo-panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_index.htm.
314
Código de Trabajo, Article 125. See also Código Penal de la República de Panamá Adoptado por la Ley 14 de 2007,
con las modificaciones y adiciones introducidas por la Ley 26 de 2008, la Ley S de 2009, la Ley 68 de 2009 y la Ley 14 de
2010, (April 26, 2010), Article 198; available from http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/sp/pan/sp_pan-int-text-cp.pdf
315
Código Penal, Article 203.
316
Government of Panama, Que aprueba la lista del trabajo infantil peligroso, en el marco de las peores formas del
trabajo infantil, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 19, as published in Gaceta Oficial No. 25,569, (June 12, 2006); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/PDF_NORMAS/2000/2006/2006_548_0012.pdf.
317
Creative Associates International, Inc., Destino: Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Panama (El
Destino hacia la Educación: Disminuyendo y Erradicando el Trabajo Infantil para Nuevas Oportunidades), Government
Performance Results Act Reporting, Washington, D.C., September 16, 2008, 2.
In 2008, an estimated 7.3 percent of children ages 5 to 14 years were working in Panama. The
majority of working children were found in the agricultural sector (73.4 percent), followed by
services (22.8 percent), manufacturing (2.9 percent), and other sectors (0.9 percent).320 In 2008,
93.2 percent of children ages 5 to 14 were attending school. Although data is not available for
analysis in this report, a newly-released government survey indicates that the number of children
working in Panama decreased from approximately 89,000 in 2008 to 61,000 in 2010.321
Children in Panama work primarily in agriculture where they are exposed to pesticides, often
carry heavy loads, and work in extreme weather conditions. Children cultivate coffee and, to a
lesser extent, sugarcane; limited evidence indicates that children also cultivate melons, corn,
yucca, tomatoes, and onions.322 Children from indigenous communities frequently migrate with
their families to work in agriculture.323 According to the Government of Panama, the rate of
child labor among indigenous children is approximately three times the national rate.324
In urban areas, children work on the streets selling goods, shining shoes, washing cars, and
assisting bus drivers, activities which require high physical exertion and exposure to densely
transited areas.325 Many children, mostly girls of indigenous descent, work as domestic servants,
where they are vulnerable to abuse.326
The Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers
(Comité para la Erradicación de Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajador Adolescente,
CETIPPAT) is the lead entity for coordinating Government efforts to combat child labor,
318
http://white.oit.org.pe/ipec/documentos/decreto_creacion_direccion_trabajo_infantil_panama_2010.pdf. See also U.S.
Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 22, 2011.
319
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 22, 2011.
320
Data provided are based on UCW analysis of ILO SIMPOC, UNICEF MICS, and World Bank surveys, Child
Economic Activity, School Attendance, and Combined Working and Studying Rates, 2005-2010. Data provided are
from 2008.
321
UCW analysis of ILO SIMPOC, UNICEF MICS, and World Bank surveys, Child Economic Activity, School
Attendance, and Combined Working and Studying Rates, 2005-2010. See also Government of Panama, Comentarios
de la Encuesta de Trabajo Infantil, 2010, 9.
322
Casa Esperanza and Creative Association International, Situación del Trabajo Infantíl en Zonas Agrícolas Productoras
de Melón de Exportación, Tomate Industrial y Cebolla, June 2006, 37, 40, 60. See also ILO-IPEC, Prevention and
Elimination of Child Labour and Hazardous Work in Panama, PHASE II, Project Document, Geneva, September 15,
2006, 9. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 23, 2010.
323
U.S. Department of State, "Panama," in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices- 2010, Washington, DC, April 8,
2011; available from http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/index.htm.
324
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo, Comentarios de la Encuesta de Trabajo Infantil, Octubre 2010, 2010, 12;
available from http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/Publicaciones/05-03-33/Comentario.pdf.
325
ILO-IPEC, Trabajo Infantil Urbano Peligroso en Panamá: Un Estudio de Línea de Base, May 2005, 62-65; available
from http://www.oit.org.pe/ipec/documentos/oit_linea_web.pdf. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 23,
2010. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting February 22, 2011. See also Government of Panama, Comentarios de
la Encuesta de Trabajo Infantil, 2010, 11; available from http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/Publicaciones/05-03-
33/Comentario.pdf.
326
ILO-IPEC, Trabajo Infantil y Pueblos Indigenas, 2006, 42, 44; available from
http://www.oit.org.pe/ipec/documentos/panama.pdf. See also ILO, Give Girls a Chance, 2009, 3; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/viewProduct.do?productId=10290. See also Instituto Nacional de Estadística y
Censo, Comentarios de la Encuesta de Trabajo Infantil, Octubre 2010, 11.
There are additional protections in the Panamanian Penal Code against the worst forms of child
labor. The Penal Code prohibits soliciting and paying for prostitution with a minor and
benefiting from the proceeds of child prostitution.329 Additionally, the Penal Code provides
comprehensive prohibitions against child pornography, including its production, distribution,
possession, or promotion. Child sex tourism is also prohibited.330 Trafficking of minors
domestically and internationally for sexual purposes is punishable with prison and fines.331
The Penal Code does not include a ban on trafficking for forced labor, but prohibits the sale of
children and provides for penalties that are increased if actions result in sexual exploitation,
forced labor, or servitude of children.332 Panama also has no laws that explicitly prohibit the use
of forced or compulsory child labor, although the Constitution of Panama, as well as the
Panamanian Penal Code, afford related protections that can be used to prohibit forced labor.333
The Family Code guarantees children protection against being kidnapped, sold, or trafficked for
any purpose, but does not include penalties.334 (For more information on forced labor, see
Section 5.4.).
Panama does not have armed forces and therefore has no laws regulating the minimum age of
conscription.335
As described in Section 5.4, the Panamanian National Police Sex Crimes Unit is responsible for
investigating trafficking cases, including cases of child trafficking.336 The Department of
Judicial Investigations also operated a unit of five staff dedicated to investigating trafficking in
327
Comité para la Erradicación de Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajador Adolescente, Plan Nacional de
Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y Protección de las Personas Adolescentes Trabajadoras 2007-2011, June 2006, 39-40;
available from http://www.oit.org.pe/ipec/documentos/plan_nacional_cetippat_completo.pdf.
328
Comité para la Erradicación de Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajador Adolescente and ILO-IPEC, Hoja de
Ruta para hacer de Panamá un país libre de trabajo infantil y sus peores formas, 2009, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12; available from
http://white.oit.org.pe/ipec/alcencuentros/interior.php?notCodigo=1769.
329
Código Penal, Articles 176 and 182.
330
Ibid., Articles 180, 181, and 183-186.
331
Ibid., Articles 177 and 179. See also ILO Committee of Experts, Individual Direct Request concerning Forced Labour
Convention, 1930 (No. 29) Panama (ratification: 1966), [online] 2010 [cited April 26, 2010]; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-
lex/pdconv.pl?host=status01&textbase=iloeng&document=23934&chapter=9&query=%28C029%29+%40ref+%2B+%28
Panama%29+%40ref&highlight=&querytype=bool&context=0.
332
Código Penal, Article 207.
333
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Articles 21 and 40. See also Código Penal, Article 149. See also
U.S. Embassy- Panama, E-mail Communication to USDOL Official, April 20, 2011. See also Mendoza, Eduardo.
"Ejecutivo analiza proyecto sobre la trata de personas. "
334
Código de la Familia, Article 489 (18); available from http://www.legalinfo-
panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_IIprem.pdf.
335
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá con reformas hasta 2004, Article 310. See also Coalition to Stop the
Use of Child Soldiers, "Panama," in Child Soldiers Global Report 2008, London, 2008; available from
http://www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/files/country_pdfs/FINAL_2008_Global_Report.pdf.
336
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 23, 2010.
In Panama, girls are trafficked domestically for the commercial sexual exploitation.339 Children
are also victims of commercial sexual exploitation, particularly in rural areas and in the city of
Colon.340 During the reporting period, the Government investigated 15 cases of child
pornography, seven cases of facilitating child prostitution, 11 cases of child sex trafficking and
17 cases of payment for prostitution with a minor.341
As discussed in Section 5.4, CONAPREDES is the lead entity for the coordination of
government efforts to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of children, as well as the
government’s anti-trafficking activities. CONAPREDES is charged with the implementation of
the National Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of
Children and Adolescents.342
The Government of Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 100 on Equal Remuneration on June 3,
1958, and Convention No. 111 on Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) on May 16,
1966.345
Law No. 11 of 2005 complements the Labor Code by prohibiting workplace discrimination on
the basis of race, nationality, disability, social class, sex, religion or political ideas.346 However,
337
Ibid.
338
Ibid.
339
U.S. Department of State, "Panama (Tier 2 Watch List)," in Trafficking in Persons Report- 2010, Washington, DC,
June 14, 2010; available from http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142761.htm.
340
Ibid.
341
Ibid.
342
Comisión Nacional para la Prevención de los Delitos de Explotación Sexual, Plan Nacional para la Prevención y
Eliminación de la Explotación Sexual Comercial de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, 2008, 30-38; available from
http://white.oit.org.pe/ipec/documentos/plan_nacional_pana.pdf. See also U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February
22, 2011.
343
U.S. Embassy- Panama, reporting, February 22, 2011.
344
U.S. Department of State, "Trafficking in Persons Report- 2010: Panama."
345
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
346
Government of Panama, Que Prohibe la Discriminación Laboral y Adopta Otras Medidas, Asamblea Nacional Ley No.
11, (2005) as published in Gaceta Oficial 25,287 (April 27, 2005), Articles 1-3; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. See also Executive Decree No. 17 (May 11, 1999). as
The Labor Code sets out the permissible grounds for termination of an employment relationship,
and discrimination is not included.349 An indefinite employee who has received notification of
dismissal may petition the JCDs, or the labor courts where a Board does not exist, for
reinstatement or an indemnity payment if that worker believes the dismissal was unjustified.350
If reinstatement is ordered, the worker must be reinstated to his or her original position within
two business days after judgment is rendered, with back pay.351 In the case that an indemnity is
ordered, an employee will be paid according to a formula defined in the Labor Code, based on
the duration of the employment relationship.352 An employee working under a fixed-term
employment agreement or an agreement for performance of specific work who is dismissed
without cause is entitled to the wages he or she would have received had the agreement been
completed.353
According to the U.S. Department of State, the Government allegedly did not effectively enforce
legal prohibitions on discrimination.354 The MITRADEL is responsible for enforcing Law No.
11 and imposing sanctions against violators.355 The DNIT receives complaints from workers
about workplace and employment discrimination and conducts inspections to investigate the
allegations.356
The following sections provide information on the law and practice facing certain protected
worker groups in Panama, where further specific information is available.
published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 23,798 (May 18, 1999); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
347
Código de Trabajo, Article 17. Violators of these provisions are subject to fines between 50 to 500 balboas, in addition
to the immediate dismissal of unauthorized foreign employees. Ibid., Article 20.
348
Que Prohibe la Discriminación Laboral y Adopta Otras Medidas, Asamblea Nacional Ley No. 11, Articles 1-3.
349
Código de Trabajo, Article 213. See also Labor Code (trans. by Miller and Shirley), footnote 158 for additional legal
references.
350
Código de Trabajo, Article 218. Article 214 of the Labor Code requires employers to give prior written notice
indicating the date and specific cause for dismissal. The U.S. Department of State reports that some employers avoid
giving the required two weeks notice by dismissing some employees one week before a holiday. See also U.S.
Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7b.
351
Código de Trabajo, Article 220.
352
Ibid., Article 225.
353
Ibid., Article 227.
354
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 6.
355
Que Prohibe la Discriminación Laboral y Adopta Otras Medidas, Asamblea Nacional Ley No. 11, Article 4.
356
As of 2007, there were no reported discrimination cases in the TST. U.S. Embassy-Panama City, reporting, August 15,
2007, Section 2. See also Government of Panama, Por el cual se Reglamenta Ley No. 4 de 29 Enero de 1999, Por la cual
se Instituye la Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Mujeres, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 53 de 25 de Junio de 2002 as
published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 24,589 (July 5, 2002), Article 41; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
The Labor Code prohibits sexual harassment in the workplace by employers and employees, and
such acts by an employee may be grounds for termination.357 Law No. 4 of 1999 establishes a
broad framework of equal rights for women in Panama and sets out a policy of anti-
discrimination based on a person’s gender.358 The labor provisions of Law No. 4 establish that
the Government must strive to reduce women’s unemployment rate and gender-based
segregation in the workforce and improve working conditions for women.359 The Government is
responsible for promoting employment programs that support women in the informal sector,
designing and implementing skills training programs to help women qualify for well-paying
jobs, and helping to promote the integration of women with disabilities.360 Law No. 4 also
requires the Government to eliminate discrimination with respect to access to, and promotions
within, the public sector and to study and prevent sexual assault and harassment in the
workplace. The Government must also promote increased participation and leadership of
women in unions; education regarding domestic workers’ legal rights and responsibilities; and
conditions of work that meet basic needs, including services related to hygiene, health, food, and
children.361
Law No. 4 also specifies that the Government has obligations to promote equal opportunities for
indigenous and Afro-Panamanian women, and to promote the development and employability of
rural women.362 For Afro-Panamanian women, the Government must support public education
or awareness activities and research the manifestations of racism that diminish their dignity and
rights.363
The Constitution obligates the Government to protect pregnant employees, and the Labor Code
places specific limitations on their dismissal. In particular, an employer must obtain prior
authorization for dismissal of a pregnant employee from the appropriate judicial labor authority
by demonstrating cause for such employee’s dismissal. If a pregnant worker is fired without
such prior authorization, the employee must be reinstated immediately and awarded accrued
wages if she produces medical certification of her pregnancy within 20 days of her dismissal.364
The Constitution further prohibits the dismissal of an employee during the first year following
return from maternity leave; however, the Labor Code allows for dismissal after the first three
months for cause and with prior judicial authorization.365
357
Código de Trabajo, Articles 127, 138, and 213.A.15.
358
Government of Panama, Por la cual se Constituye la Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Mujeres Ley No.4 de enero
de 1999, as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 23,729 (February 6, 1999); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
359
Ibid., Article 4(9).
360
Ibid., Article 6.
361
Ibid., Article 11.
362
Ibid., Articles 25-27.
363
Ibid., Article 27.
364
Código de Trabajo, Articles 105 and 106. See also Constitución Politica de la República de Panamá, Article 68, and
Código de Trabajo, Article 107, which entitle pregnant employees to mandatory paid leave.
365
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 68. See also Código de Trabajo, Article 113.
The MIDES is responsible for public policy related to the promotion of equal opportunities for
women.370 Its National System for Training on Gender (Sistema Nacional de Capacitación en
Género) provides capacity building to governmental and non-governmental institutions to
strengthen their ability to formulate, implement, continue, and evaluate public policies,
programs, and projects on gender-related issues.371 Additionally, the MITRADEL, in
conjunction with private sector organizations and major unions, is required to implement a policy
of equal opportunities in employment and occupation for women, along with a corresponding
action plan.372
As of August 2010, there were 1,256,851 women and 2,450,374 men in the Panama population.
Nearly 48 percent of all women over the age of 15 and 80 percent of men over the age of 15
were in the labor force (economically active population); among these, female unemployment
was 8.5 percent and male unemployment was 5.3 percent.373
As of August 2010, women made up nearly 38 percent of the total labor force.374 Of those
working, the main occupations held by women were mobile street vendors (113,012), services
and sales clerks (111,230), office employees (108,251), and professionals (83,946) (see chart).375
366
International Labor Conference, 2007 Report of the CEACR, 312-313.
367
International Labor Conference, 2011 Report of the CEACR, 460 (citing the report).
368
Ibid. See also International Labor Conference, 2008 Report of the CEACR, 403.
369
International Labor Conference, 2010 Report of the CEACR, 723.
370
Por la cual se Constituye la Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Mujeres Ley No. 4 de enero de 1999, Article 5.
371
Government of Panama, Por el cual Se Crea el Sistema Nacional de Capacitación en Género, Decreto Ejecutivo No.
31 (2001), Article 1, as published in Gaceta Oficial No. 24,284, (September 7, 2004); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
372
Por el cual se Reglamenta Ley No. 4 de 29 Enero de 1999, Por la cual se Instituye la Igualdad de Oportunidades para
las Mujeres, Article 47.
373
Contraloría General de la República, Estadísticas del Trabajo, Vol. I – Encuesta de Mercado Laboral,table 441-04.
The unemployment rate for each gender is the percentage of the respective gender’s economically active population.
374
A United Nations Development Program publication on women’s labor force participation reported that from 1991 to
2003, women made up 34 to 37 percent of the labor force. See United Nations Development Program, Economía y Género
en Panamá: Visibilizando la Participación de las Mujeres, 2005, 60; available from
http://www.undp.org.pa/_pnud/Documents/PERFIL%20DE%20G%C3%89NERO%20-1.pdf.
On June 4, 1971, the Government of Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 107 on Indigenous
and Tribal Populations.377
As noted earlier, Panamanian labor law and Panama’s Constitution prohibit racial
discrimination.378 The Constitution also states that companies, foundations and associations
founded on the idea of racial or ethnic superiority and those that promote racial discrimination
will not be recognized by the Government.379 It further requires the Government to give special
attention to indigenous communities with the purpose of promoting their economic, social and
political participation.380
Several Government offices and advisory bodies have been established to promote the
development of indigenous people and communities and protect indigenous rights. For example,
Law No. 18 of 1952 created the Office of Indigenous Policy (Dirección Nacional de Política
Indigenista) within the Ministry of Government and Justice (Ministerio de Gobierno y
Justicia),381 which has as its objective the promotion of the overall development of indigenous
375
Contraloría General de la República, Estadísticas del Trabajo, Vol. I – Encuesta de Mercado Laboral,table 441-21.
Chart and percentages by USDOL.
376
ILO, LABORSTA Internet, [online] [cited March 22, 2011 ]; available from http://laborsta.ilo.org/. According to the
International Labor Office, these statistics describe workers who are at least 15 years old and were compiled using data
from the Panama Continuous Household Survey (Encuesta Continua de Hogares).
377
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
378
Que Prohibe la Discriminación Laboral y Adopta Otras Medidas, Asamblea Nacional Ley No. 11 (2005), Article 1. See
also Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 19.
379
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 39.
380
Ibid., Article 124.
381
Government of Panama, Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia, [online] [August 7, 2008]; available from.
http://www.mingob.gob.pa/ (last visited Jan. 14, 2011). See also Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean (ECLAC), Los Pueblos Indígenas de Panamá: Diagnóstico Sociodemográfico a Partir del Censo 2000,
According to the 2010 Census, Panama has a population of 3,405,813, of whom 12.3 percent are
indigenous.385 The U.S. Department of State notes that indigenous people comprise 19 percent
of the poor, and 34 percent of the extreme poor.386 It has also reported that according to the ILO,
indigenous workers are paid 32 percent less than non-indigenous workers in comparable
positions.387
The U.S. Department of State has reported that the majority of workers in sugar, coffee and
banana plantations are indigenous persons, and these workers labor in overcrowded and
unsanitary conditions.388 It has reported widespread social and employment discrimination
against indigenous people, noting that employers of indigenous workers frequently violate labor
laws concerning minimum wage, social security benefits, termination pay, and job security.389
However, due to staff constraints, the MITRADEL has provided limited oversight of working
conditions in remote areas.390
Low school completion and illiteracy among the indigenous population may also have an impact
on employment and wages,391 given the relationship between education and labor market
opportunities and outcomes. Poor access to schooling has been widely recognized as a problem
for indigenous people. In 2003, the Indigenous Assemblies and Organizations of Panama
(Congresos y Organizaciones Indígenas de Panamá) informed the CEACR that indigenous
People with disabilities in Panama have the right to economic and social security, a decent
standard of living, and remunerated employment and the right to form or join unions and
workers’ organizations.393 In addition, the Law on Equal Opportunities for People with
Disabilities establishes extensive rights and services in the public and private sectors for the
disabled. The law bans employment and workplace discrimination based on disability and
defines discrimination as exclusion or restriction based on a person’s disability, including the
failure to provide accommodations and to make the necessary adaptations to ensure the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise, in equal conditions, of the rights of the disabled.394 The Law
on Equal Opportunities provides that policies and programs regarding hiring and promotion,
conditions of work, remuneration, work environment, and job retention if injured at work must
be equitable and not discriminate against disabled persons.395 The law also requires that any
violations are to be reported to and investigated by the DNIT and provides for sanctions for
violators.396 The Labor Code gives mental or physical disability as a reason for dismissing an
employee with cause only when “[t]he mental or physical disability of an employee, properly
verified, or his loss of the qualifications required by law for the exercise of his occupation, that
[sic] makes the fulfillment of the essential obligations of the [employment] agreement
impossible.”397
The Law on Equal Opportunities charges the Government with developing policies, programs
and services that support equal access to employment opportunities,398 as well as providing
professional and occupational development services,399 such as vocational training workshops
and vocational rehabilitation for disabled persons. Each government agency must, according to
its ability, guarantee the full rights of the disabled.400 The Government, private enterprises, civic
and non-governmental organizations together are required to promote labor market-based
392
ILO CEACR, Direct Request, Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957 (No. 107), Panama (ratification:
1971) [online] 2005 [cited September 8, 2008]; available from http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/newcountryframeE.htm.
393
Government of Panama, Por la cual Se Protege a las Personas Discapacitadas Auditivas, Se Modifican los Artículos
19 y 20 de la Ley No. 53 de 30 de Noviembre de 1951 y Se Adoptan Otras Medidas, Asamblea Legislativa Ley No.1
(1992), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 21,964 (January 31, 1992), Article 9; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
394
Government of Panama, Por la cual Se Establece la Equiparación de Oportunidades para las Personas con
Discapacidad, Asamblea Legislativa Ley No. 42 (1999) as published in Gaceta Oficial No. 23,876 (August 31, 1999),
Article 3.5, 54; available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
395
Ibid., Article 41
396
Ibid., Article 54. See also Government of Panama, Por Medio del cual Se Reglamenta la Ley No. 42 de 27 de Agosto
de 1999, por la cual Se Establece la Equiparación de Oportunidades para las Personas con Discapacidad, Decreto
Ejecutivo No. 88 (2002),as published in Gaceta Oficial No. 24,682 (November 18, 2002), Article 53; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
397
Labor Code (trans. by Miller and Shirley), Article 213.B.4. See also Código de Trabajo.
398
Por la cual Se Establece la Equiparación de Oportunidades para las Personas con Discapacidad, Articles 3.7 and 6.
399
Ibid., Article 18.
400
Ibid., Article 8.
Executive Decree No. 103 established the National Secretariat for the Social Integration of
Persons with Disabilities (Secretaría Nacional para la Integración Social de las Personas con
Discapacidad (SENADIS)) within the Ministry of the Presidency in 2004.402 Law No. 23 of
2007 made the SENADIS an autonomous entity with its own budget.403 The SENADIS is
responsible for, among other things, convening and presiding over meetings of the National
Advisory Council for the Integration of People with Disabilities (Consejo Nacional Consultivo
para la Integración Social de las Personas con Discapacidad).404 This large public-private
multi-sector Council is responsible, in part, for promoting the rights of the disabled in
employment, proposing strategies to ensure their integration in the workplace and labor market
more broadly, and including disabled persons’ needs in the MITRADEL’s modernization
process.405
The Law on Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities states that disabled job applicants
who are as qualified as others should be given priority in hiring.406 Each employer of 50 or more
workers is legally required to have no less than two percent of its workforce consist of properly
qualified people with disabilities.407 The MITRADEL is responsible for monitoring compliance
with this requirement and for investigating complaints and sanctioning violators.408 Employers
who violate the two percent requirement are to be fined daily the minimum salary for each
disabled person that the employer is lacking in its workforce for as long as the shortage exists.
The funds collected from such fines are to be deposited in an account that will support, among
other things, vocational courses for the disabled.409
Some reports suggest that employer reluctance to hire persons with disabilities is a problem in
Panama. For example, in November 2007, only eight of 100 invited companies attended a
MITRADEL-sponsored job fair that aimed to facilitate employment of workers with
disabilities.410 A 2005 SENADIS report also notes that private businesses and governmental
401
Ibid., Article 23.
402
Government of Panama, Por el cual Se Crea la Secretaría Nacional para la Integración Social de las Personas con
Discapacidad y el Consejo Nacional Consultivo para la Integración Social de las Personas con Discapacidad, Decreto
Ejecutivo No. 103 (2004), as published in Gaceta Oficial No. 25,131 (September 7, 2004), Article 1; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. The Ministry of the Presidency is one of thirteen
ministries within the Executive Branch of the Government of Panama.
403
Government of Panama, Que Crea la Secretaria Nacional de Discapacidad, Asamblea Nacional Ley No. 23 (2007), as
published in Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 25,824 (June 29, 2007); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. See also U.S. Department of State, “Panama,” in
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2007, Section 5, Washington, D.C., March 11, 2008; available from
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100648.htm.
404
Que Crea la Secretaría Nacional, Article 3.
405
Ibid., Article 7.6. See also National Secretary of Disability, Política de Discapacidad de la Republica de Panama,
Panama: April 2009, available from http://www.senadis.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/Politicas.pdf (last visited Jan. 14,
2011).
406
Por la cual Se Establece la Equiparación de Oportunidades para las Personas con Discapacidad, Article 41.
407
Ibid., Article 44.
408
Ibid.
409
Ibid., Article 45.
410
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2007: Panama,” Section 5.
The MITRADEL and the Board of the Panama Institute of Rehabilitation Provisions (Patronato
del Instituto Panameño de Habilitación Especial) are responsible for promoting the integration
of rehabilitated persons into the workforce through the use of a registry and job placement
service. The MITRADEL is responsible for maintaining a record of those persons with
disabilities who have found work through the placement service.414
Law No. 59 of 2005 prohibits all forms of workplace and employment discrimination against,
and protects the rights of all workers (national or foreign) with chronic illnesses and involuntary
or degenerative diseases that produce work-related disabilities. Such workers have the right to
maintain their jobs in conditions equal to those prior to the medical diagnoses and may not be
lawfully fired if they are able to perform work responsibilities that are assigned appropriately for
their status, strengths, aptitudes, preparation, skills and new physical conditions.415 Exerting
pressure on or persecution such workers that leads to their job resignation is prohibited.416 Such
workers may only be dismissed with just cause and prior judicial authorization from the labor
courts or from the appeal and conciliation boards that handle matters regarding public
servants.417
According to the 2010 Census, three percent (100,643) of Panamanians are disabled.418 Using
data from the 2000 Census, the SENADIS estimated there were roughly 52,000 people with
disabilities, or 1.8 percent of Panama’s population of approximately 2.9 million.419 The
SENADIS estimated that among the population of Panamanians with disabilities the
unemployment rate was 18 percent,420 as compared to 13.5 percent for the non-disabled
population in that same year.421
411
President of the Republic, Plan Estratégico Nacional para la Inclusión Social de las Personas con Discapacidad y sus
Familias: 2005-2009, 18, Panama: August 2005; available from http://senadis.gob.pa/wp-
content/uploads/documentos/plan-estrategico-nacional.pdf.
412
Ibid., 18. See also U.S. Embassy-Panama City, reporting, August 15, 2007, Section 3.
413
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo, Volumen II. Empleo: Sectores Público y Privado: Año 2005, Panama:
December 2006; available from http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/.
414
Por la cual Se Protege a las Personas Discapacitadas Auditivas, Se Modifican los Artículos 19 y 20 de la Ley No. 53
de 30 de Noviembre de 1951 y Se Adoptan Otras Medidas, Asamblea Nacional Ley No. 1 (1992), Article 12.
415
Ibid., Article 2.
416
Ibid., Article 3.
417
Ibid., Article 4.
418
Censos Nacionales 2010, “Resultados Finales Básicos” (Dec. 15, 2010), table 17.
419
Plan Estratégico Nacional para la Inclusión Social de las Personas con Discapacidad, 14-15.
420
Ibid., 16. In a 2001 report, the MIDES estimates that this rate could be 40 percent in Panama Province (la Provincia de
Panamá), the Panamanian province that contains the capital and largest city, Panama City.
421
ILO, LABORSTA Internet
Law No. 3 of 2000 protects workers who are infected with, or are carriers of, sexually
transmitted diseases and workers with HIV/AIDS from discrimination, stigmatization, and
segregation in the workplace.422 It also provides such workers with the right to confidentiality
about their health, except in circumstances established in the Law regarding risky behavior.423
No employer in the public or private sector, whether national or foreign, may request medical
evidence from a worker regarding his or her HIV status for the purpose of hiring or retaining that
worker. A worker’s infection status is not cause for job dismissal.424 A worker is not obligated
to inform his or her supervisor nor work colleagues of his or her infection status. When it is
necessary to communicate such status, the worker may inform his or her supervisor, who should
keep such information in confidence and, if necessary, change the work conditions so the worker
can fulfill his or her functions according to medical advice.425 Law No. 3 states that the
following employment-related violations are subject to sanctions: an illegal request by an
employer for a diagnostic test of an employee or prospective employee; improper use of test
results for purposes of employment discrimination; and violation of a worker’s right to
confidentiality of test results as protected under this Law.426 Applicable sanctions are found in
Law No. 3, as well as the Health Code and the Criminal Code.427
The U.S. Department of State reports that discrimination against persons with HIV/AIDS in
employment is common due to ignorance of the law and a lack of compliance mechanisms.428
On June 19, 1970, the Government of Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 26 on the Creation of
Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery and ILO Convention No. 95 on Protection of Wages.429
The Constitution calls for a national minimum wage to be established to provide a decent
standard of living for workers in Panama.430 The Labor Code assigns responsibility for setting
minimum wage rates to the executive branch, which must take into consideration the
recommendations made by the tripartite National Commission on the Minimum Wage (Comisíon
Nacional de Salario Mínimo).431 Minimum wage rates are established based on industrial,
commercial or agricultural activity, and factors considered in determining such rates include
422
Government of Panama, General sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia
Humana y el SIDA, Asamblea Nacional Ley No. 3, Articles 31 and 37 (2000), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 23,964
(January 7, 2000); available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
423
Ibid., Article 34.
424
Ibid., Article 37.
425
Ibid., Article 38.
426
Ibid., Article 45.
427
Ibid., Article 46.
428
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 6.
429
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
430
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Articles 65 and 66.
431
Código de Trabajo, Articles 174.
The most recent adjustment of minimum wage rates took place on December 21, 2009. The
hourly base rates range from 1.06 to 2.0 balboas, with the lowest rate applying to workers in
small agricultural businesses (with ten or fewer employees) and the highest rate applying to
workers in various other sectors, including construction, transportation, and
telecommunications.434 The previous hourly base range established in December 2007 was 1.01
to 1.87 balboas.435 For domestic service workers, the minimum salary is set between 145 and
160 balboas (previously 121 to 134 balboas) per month.436
Fines for violating laws relating to the minimum wage vary from 100 to 500 balboas and can be
doubled for repeated violations.437
Most workers who are legally employed in the formal sector in urban areas receive at least the
minimum wage. However, workers in the informal sector can earn far below the minimum
wage. The U.S. Department of State reports that the Government is less likely to enforce
minimum wage laws in most rural areas, where many workers earn only three to six balboas per
day.438
The Government of Panama ratified ILO Conventions No. 30 on Hours of Work (Commerce and
Offices) on February 16, 1959, and No. 89 on Night Work (Women) on June 19, 1970.439
The Constitution requires overtime rates to be paid for all work in excess of eight hours per day
or 48 hours per week.440 The Labor Code establishes additional requirements for shifts involving
432
Ibid., Articles 172 and 174. The minimum wage rates are to be updated at least every two years and are to take into
account regional cost differences, the national economic situation, employment and fiscal policies, as well as workplace
hazards, working conditions, and occupational differences, when appropriate.
433
Government of Panama, Por la cual se Establece el Salario Mínimo Legal para los Servidores Públicos en Todo el
País, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 13 (2006), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 25,535 (May 2, 2006); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. See also Government of Panama, Por Medio del cual se
Fijan las Nuevas Tasas de Salario Mínimo en Todo el Territorio Nacional, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 7 (2006), as published
in Gaceta Oficial, No. 25,501 (March 10, 2006), Article 7; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx. See also MITRADEL Official, Written communication
to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, February 9, 2007.
434
Government of Panama, Por Medio del cual se Fijan las Nuevas Tasas de Salario Mínimo en Todo el Territorio
Nacional, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 263 (2009), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 26,431-B (December 21, 2009), Article
2; available from http://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/buscador.php.
435
Government of Panama, Por Medio del cual se Fijan las Nuevas Tasas de Salario Mínimo en Todo el Territorio
Nacional, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 46 (2007), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 25,938 (December 12, 2007), Article 2;
available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
436
Por Medio del cual se Fijan las Nuevas Tasas de Salario Mínimo en Todo el Territorio Nacional, Decreto Ejecutivo
No. 263 (2009), Article 4. Por Medio del cual se Fijan las Nuevas Tasas, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 46 (2007), Article 7.
437
Código de Trabajo, Article 180.
438
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7e.
439
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
440
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 66. The Constitution also establishes seven hours as the
maximum number of night hours.
For daytime overtime work, a worker is to be paid an additional 25 percent over that worker’s
normal wage. The employer must pay 50 percent over the normal wage when overtime occurs
during a nighttime work period and 75 percent over the normal wage for an extended mixed
schedule that began at night.443 If employees work more than three hours of overtime in one day
or more than nine overtime hours in a week, excess overtime hours must be paid at an additional
75 percent over the normal wage, notwithstanding additional penalties that may be imposed on
the offending employer.444 Violators of overtime laws and regulations may be fined 50 to 500
balboas by the MITRADEL or the labor courts.445
Special provisions concerning overtime hours and rates are made for work in EPZs and FTZs, in
the SEAB, on special construction sites and in construction that serves the national interest, in
small businesses, and in the maritime industry. In the EPZs and FTZs, there is a single overtime
wage rate of 25 percent over the normal wage for work in excess of eight hours per day;
overtime hours are limited to three per day.446 In the SEAB, overtime must be paid at a rate of
40 percent over the normal wage.447 Workers engaged in construction that either serves the
national interest or takes place on special construction sites such as highways, bridges, mines,
ports, and dams may also not work more than three overtime hours per day. In the event that this
limit is exceeded for any reason, an offending employer must pay the worker an additional 75
percent over the normal wage on the excess hours and may face additional penalties. For this
group of construction workers, overtime is defined as time that is beyond ordinary work hours, 448
even if such work is less than eight hours. Small business workers are to be compensated by a
single overtime rate of an additional 25 percent over the workers’ normal wages.449 For
seafarers, overtime hours, their limits per month, and overtime pay are set out in enrollment
441
Código de Trabajo, Articles 30, 31, and 33. The Código de Trabajo describes two periods of work: day work from 6
a.m. to 6 p.m. and night work from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m.
442
Ibid., Article 35.
443
Ibid., Article 33.
444
Ibid., Article 36. See also the MITRADEL website links to Dirección Nacional de Trabajo (then see Objetivos) and to
Dirección de Inspeciones regarding the National Directorate’s general authority to impose sanctions and the DNIT’s
general responsibility to coordinate with other agencies, available from http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/.
445
Ibid., Article 38.
446
Que establece un régimen especial, integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas y dicta
otras disposiciones, Ley 32 (2011), Article 64. These are the same provisions as previously contained in the General EPZ
Law. See also Por el cual se agiliza el tramite para el establecimiento de empresa en las zonas procesadoras, Article 11.
See also Dayra Berbey de Rojas, “Régimen Especial de las Zonas Procesadoras Para la Exportación,” in Contratos y
Regímenes Especiales de Trabajo, Panama: Juris Textos Editores, 2002, 54-55.
447
Que crea un régimen especial para el establecimiento y operación del Área Económica Especial de Barú, Ley 29 (June
8, 2010), Article 15.
448
Government of Panama, Por la cual se toman medidas relacionadas con los contratos de trabajo en la construcción
que se refieran a obras especializadas o de interés nacional, Ley No. 5 (1982), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 19,521
(March 10, 1982), Articles 2 and 5; available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
449
Government of Panama, Por la cual se dictan disposiciones laborales para promover el empleo y la productividad y se
adoptan otras normas, Ley No. 1 (1986), as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 20,513 (March 17, 1986), Articles 1-3;
available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
The CEACR has objected to the absence of an official annual limit on cumulative overtime hours
of work, as required by ILO Convention No. 30, and called upon the Government to change
Article 36 of the Labor Code accordingly to come into full compliance with the Convention.452
The Government report submitted to the Committee in 2007 and the findings of a February 2006
ILO technical assistance mission indicated that tripartite consensus had not been achieved
concerning an annual limit of overtime hours. The Committee in 2008 reminded the
Government of its primary responsibility for compliance with international labor standards and
full application of ratified Conventions and called upon the Government to resolve the issue
without delay in order to ensure its legislation is in line with ILO Convention No. 30. The
Committee further requested that the Government indicate the limits on daily and annual hours
of overtime work that apply to the public sector.453
The Constitution requires all employers to provide for a weekly rest period and to offer paid
vacation days.454 The Labor Code stipulates that workers are entitled to a day of rest each week,
with preference given to Sundays, and provides a list of mandatory days of rest comprising ten
national holidays and two days of national observance.455 An employee who works on a Sunday
or another normal rest day is to be paid an additional 50 percent above the normal daily wage
and is to be given an alternative rest day.456 For work on a national holiday, the worker is to be
paid 150 percent over the normal daily wage (for a total of 2.5 times the normal wage) and given
a day off.457
Panamanian law makes other special provisions concerning work on weekly days of rest,
holidays and days of national observance for certain categories of workers. EPZ and FTZ
employees are paid an additional 50 percent for work on scheduled days off, which may occur on
a fixed or rotating schedule, and are to be given an alternative rest day.458 Law No. 5 of 1982
provides a system by which workers engaged in certain construction projects may defer up to
three weekly days of rest for use at a later date and receive additional compensation for time
450
Por la cual se reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vías navegables y se dictan otras disposiciones, Articles 41 and 68.
451
Ibid., Articles 94, 95 and 99. Wages for these workers are understood to include payment for weekly days of rest,
holidays, days of national observance and additional days of rest granted as compensation for overtime worked.
452
See e.g. International Labor Conference, 2010 Report of the CEACR, 648-649.
453
International Labor Conference, 2008 Report of the CEACR, 581; see also International Labor Conference, 2006 Report
of the CEACR, 354-355; available from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc95/pdf/rep-iii-1a.pdf. See
also International Labor Conference, 2005 Report of the CEACR, 405.
454
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 70.
455
Código de Trabajo, Articles 40, 41 and 46.
456
Ibid., Article 48.
457
Ibid., Article 49.
458
Que establece un régimen especial, integral y simplificado para el establecimiento y operación de zonas francas y dicta
otras disposiciones, Article 63.
The Government of Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 81 on Labor Inspection on June 3,
1958, and ILO Convention No. 120 on Hygiene in Commerce and Offices on June 19, 1970. On
June 4, 1971, it ratified ILO Convention No. 68 on Food and Catering (Ships’ Crews) and ILO
Convention No. 92 on Accommodation of Crews Convention (Revised). It ratified ILO
Convention No. 167 on Safety and Health in Construction on January 31, 2008.462
The Constitution entrusts the Government with the responsibility of regulating and monitoring
workplace health and safety.463 The Labor Code requires employers to adopt health, safety, and
other necessary measures to ensure a safe and clean working environment and to prevent
workplace accidents and occupational illnesses and, to these ends, establishes a list of minimum
protective and preventative health and safety measures that employers must adopt.464 For
example, dangerous substances must be safely stored, and employers must provide workers with
the protective clothing and equipment necessary to safely perform their job functions,465 such as
boots, helmets, gloves, special clothing, or other similar equipment.466 Employers are also
obligated to notify employees of the hazards associated with operating machinery, provide them
with instructions for the safe operation of machinery and install safety devices in machines.467
Fines for violating the Labor Code’s industrial health and safety standards vary from 50 to 500
balboas; the severity of the violation and the number of people affected by it are taken into
account when determining the appropriate penalty.468
Employers are forbidden from requiring employees to perform work that endangers their health
or lives.469 The U.S. Department of State has reported, however, that in practice, workers
generally have not been permitted to leave their workstations when faced with an immediate
threat to their health and safety.470 Those who request inspections of the safety and health
conditions of their work environment are protected by law from retaliatory dismissal.471 In
addition, workers who have suffered workplace injuries are entitled to return to their jobs when
they are healthy, or they are to be given other responsibilities if their condition does not permit
459
Por la cual se toman medidas relacionadas con los contratos de trabajo en la construcción, Articles 1 and 3.
460
Por la cual se dictan disposiciones laborales para promover el empleo, Article 2.
461
Por la cual se reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vías navegables y se dictan otras disposiciones, Article 99.
462
ILO, Ratifications by Country.
463
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 110.
464
Código de Trabajo, Articles 128, 282, 292 and 295.
465
Ibid., Articles 283 and 284.
466
Ibid., Article 134.
467
Ibid., Article 286.
468
Ibid., Article 290.
469
Ibid., Article 138.
470
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7e.
471
Código de Trabajo, Article 138.
The responsibility for inspecting workplaces for occupational safety and health violations is
shared by the MITRADEL’s DNIT and the Social Security Administration (Caja de Seguro
Social, CSS), except for workplaces that are regulated and inspected by the AMP. MITRADEL
officials report that the DNIT and the CSS have equal authority and operate independently within
their own competencies, and coordinate information as appropriate. Inspectors from the
MITRADEL respond to complaints and carry out preventative inspections related to, for
example, salaries, overtime, and working conditions. Inspectors from the CSS conduct
preventative inspections of firms for compliance with social security requirements, for example,
the number of workers, required payment of CSS fees, and health and safety issues.474 In
addition to their technically trained inspectors, the CSS employs doctors, nurses, psychologists,
and other technicians who specialize in workplace health issues and carry out studies of specific
workplaces.475 The Government reported that in 2008 there were 27 inspectors at the DNIT
dedicated to occupational health and safety.476
For 2010, the DNIT conducted 3,239 health and safety inspections.477 The Government has
stated that it does not have data on whether these inspections led to sanctions.478 In 2010 the
DNIT conducted 1,713 inspections in the construction industry, approximately half of which
were due to requests.479 In 2010 the majority of workplace accidents were in the construction
industry.
Provisions in Law 68 of 2010 provide for increased monitoring to ensure construction workers’
safety. The new law requires the on-site engineer of a construction project to guarantee
compliance with safety measures and the proper use of equipment and tools. Businesses in non-
compliance will be fined from 1,000 to 10,000 balboas, and the on-site engineer could face
suspension and possible criminal sanctions.480 Law 68 also requires the promoter, constructor or
contractor to pay for the monthly salary of an on-site safety official from the MITRADEL. Non-
compliance will result in immediate suspension of the project and a fine of 1,000 to 20,000
balboas, based on whether the employer is a first-time or repeat offender and the value of the
472
Ibid., Articles 326-327.
473
Ibid., Articles 304-325. The amounts to which these individuals are entitled are detailed in the Código de Trabajo.
474
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 3.
475
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, May 26, 2005.
476
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009. This source reports that 627
inspections were conducted but does not specify a year.
477
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011.
478
See also MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, July 30, 2008.
479
U.S. Embassy-Panama City Official Email communication, February 24, 2011.
480
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Article 8. This law authorizes the same on-
site safety official as had already been called for in Executive Decree 15 of 2007. See Government of Panama, Por el cual
se Adoptan Medidas de Urgencia en la Industria de la Construcción con el Objeto de Reducir la Incidencia de Accidentes
de Trabajo, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 15 (2007), Articles 1 and 2, as published in Gaceta Oficial, No. 25,827 (July 4, 2007);
available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/main/LegispanMenu/Legispan.aspx.
In 2007, based on information provided by the Government, the CEACR noted that generally in
Panama there seemed to be a delay in the reporting of accidents and cases of occupational
disease to MITRADEL inspectors, who at times received notice only after cases had been
reported to an insurance fund.483 The U.S. Department of State reports in 2010 that the
MITRADEL and CSS do not adequately enforce health and safety standards in hazardous
worksites, particularly in the construction industry.484 It also reports that in the construction
industry, training for workers and inspectors is needed regarding new technologies, and that old,
broken or inadequate safety equipment is not being replaced due to cost concerns.485
The AMP processes complaints of health and safety violations and conducts inspections for
national fishing boats, ships or other vessels and international Panamanian-flagged vessels
worldwide.486 As noted previously, Panama has registered the most vessels in the world (eight
percent, followed by Liberia with two percent).487 Maritime employees can file health and
safety-related complaints confidentially with the AMP or, if abroad, through Panamanian
consulates.488 As mentioned in Section Three, a 2010 Ministerial Resolution has also made
available to maritime workers a free MITRADEL phone line (also available to the general
public) with which to file complaints alleging violations of labor laws, such as for dangerous
work conditions; when a complaint is received through the phone line, the DNIT is to respond to
the worker and to conduct an inspection.489 The DNIT is authorized to impose sanctions for
labor law violations on all docked vessels, while the AMP’s General Directorate of the Merchant
Marine is authorized to impose such sanctions for vessels at sea.490
Decree Law No. 8 of 1998 requires that ships have sufficient crew members to “guarantee the
safety of human life at sea” and “avoid the excessive fatiguing of [c]rew [m]embers.” In order to
be employed on a Panamanian ship, a worker must possess a medical certificate that indicates he
or she is fit to perform the maritime work his or her job requires. The Decree Law also defines
481
Que modifica artículos del Código de Trabajo y dicta otras disposiciones, Article 9.
482
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011.
483
International Labor Conference, 2007 Report of the CEACR, 374.
484
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7e. See also U.S. Department of State,
“Country Reports – 2007: Panama,” Section 6e; available from http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61736.htm. See
also MITRADEL, Noticias, Obrero accidentado no usaba implementos de seguridad,[online] September 13, 2007 [August
7, 2008]; available from http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/html/Noticias/Noticias.htm.
485
U.S. Department of State, “Country Reports – 2010: Panama,” Section 7e.
486
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
487
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat, Review of Maritime Transport 2010. The source
states that as of January 2010, Panama continued to be the largest flag of registration of the world fleet, carrying 23
percent of global deadweight tonnage.
488
MRE Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 23, 2009.
489
Por la cual se toman medidas para asegurar el cumplimiento de los derechos laborales de los trabajadores marítimos,
Article 1.
490
MITRADEL Official, Written communication to U.S. Embassy-Panama City, April 29, 2011, 3. See also the
MITRADEL website links to Dirección Nacional de Trabajo (then see Objetivos) and to Dirección de Inspeciones
regarding the National Directorate’s general authority to impose sanctions and the DNIT’s general responsibility to
coordinate with other agencies, available from http://www.mitradel.gob.pa/.
In 2008, the AMP conducted 923 inspections of national fishing and other vessels and 148
inspections of crew certifications (licenses) on such ships. The majority (157) of violations were
for lack of proper crew certifications (licenses), followed by 18 cases of insufficient food, though
the AMP reported that the most common complaints involved allegedly unpaid employee
benefits, broken contracts, and salary disputes.492
The ILO CEACR reports that the Government has yet to adopt sufficient laws or regulations to
carry out the provisions of Convention 68, including regarding inspections of food and other
measures necessary to ensure the health and well-being of crews.493
491
Por la cual se reglamenta el trabajo en el mar y las vías navegables y se dictan otras disposiciones, Articles 59-64, and
97.
492
U.S Embassy-Panama City, Email communication, April 4, 2007.
493
International Labor Conference, 2007 Report of the CEACR, 535.
CETIPPAT National Commission for the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of the Adolescent
Worker
Comité para la Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y Protección de la Persona Adolescente
Trabajadora
IFARHU Institute for Human Resources, Capacity Building, and Vocational Training
Instituto para la Formación y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Humanos
SENADIS National Secretariat for the Social Integration of Persons with Disabilities
Secretaría Nacional para la Integración Social de las Personas con
Discapacidad
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 3
REPUBLIC OF PANAMA........................................................................................................... 4
2
Introduction
This report on the laws of Panama that govern exploitative child labor has been prepared
pursuant to section 2102(c)(9) of the Trade Act of 2002 (“Trade Act”) (Pub. L. No. 107-210).
Section 2102(c)(9) provides that the President shall:
The President, by Executive Order 13277 (67 Fed. Reg. 70305 (Nov. 21, 2002)), assigned the
responsibility under section 2102(c)(9) to the Secretary of Labor and provided that it be carried
out in consultation with the Secretary of State and the United States Trade Representative
(USTR). The Secretary of Labor subsequently provided that such responsibilities would be
carried out by the Secretary of State, the USTR and the Secretary of Labor (67 Fed. Reg. 77812
(Dec. 19, 2002)). Please see Sections 5.4 and 5.5 of the Department of Labor’s Republic of
Panama: Labor Rights Report for information on the incidence and nature of forced labor and
child labor.
Pursuant to Section 2102(c)(9) of the Trade Act, this report provides information on the laws of
Panama governing exploitative child labor. The report relies upon reports and materials prepared
by U.S. Government agencies, the Government of Panama, international organizations such as
the International Labor Organization (ILO), and nongovernmental organizations.
There is no universally accepted definition of the term “exploitative child labor.” ILO
Convention 138 on the Minimum Age for Admission to Employment provides that the minimum
age of admission into employment or work in any occupation “shall not be less than the age of
completion of compulsory schooling and, in any case, shall not be less than 15.” 1 Countries
whose economies and educational facilities are insufficiently developed may initially specify a
minimum legal working age of 14 when ratifying the convention. Additionally, under Article
7(1) of the Convention, “National laws or regulations may permit the employment or work of
persons 13 to 15 years of age on light work which is (a) not likely to be harmful to their health or
development; and (b) not such as to prejudice their attendance at school, their participation in
vocational orientation or training programmes approved by the competent authority or their
capacity to benefit from the instruction received.” Countries that have specified a minimum
legal working age of 14 may permit persons 12 to14 years of age to engage in light work, as
defined in Article 7(1). Examples of such light work may include work in a family business, on
a family farm, after school, or in a legitimate apprenticeship opportunity that is not hazardous
and does not affect a child’s attendance at school.
1
ILO Convention 138, Article 2(3).
3
The ILO has defined the “worst forms” of child labor in ILO Convention 182 on the Worst
Forms of Child Labor, which prohibits such labor for “all persons under the age of 18.” 2 Under
Article 3 of ILO Convention 182, the term “worst forms of child labour” comprises:
(a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and
trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory
labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed
conflict;
(b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of
pornography or for pornographic purposes;
(c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for
the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international
treaties;
(d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is
likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children. 3
According to Convention 182, the types of work referred to under Article 3(d) “shall be
determined by national laws or regulations or by the competent authority . . . taking into
consideration relevant international standards, in particular Paragraphs 3 and 4 of the worst
Forms of Child Labour Recommendation, 1999.” 4
Republic of Panama
Panama ratified ILO Convention No. 138 on the Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
and ILO Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor on October 31, 2000. 5
Panama’s Constitution, Family Code, and Labor Code set the minimum age for employment at
14 and at age 15 for children who have not completed primary school. 6 Similarly, the Law on
Education mandates that children under the age of 15 cannot work or participate in other
activities that deprive them of their right to attend school regularly. 7
2
ILO, C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999, Articles 2, 3 and 4; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp2.htm., Articles 1 and 2.
3
ILO, C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999, Article 3; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp2.htm.
4
Ibid., Article 4.
5
ILO, Ratifications by Country. For information on the prevalence and nature of child labor in Panama, enforcement of
child labor laws, and policies and programs on the issue, please see the U.S. Department of Labor’s 2009 Trade and
Development Act (TDA) Report and the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) reports available
at: http://www.dol.gov/ilab/highlights/if-20101215.htm. The 2010 TDA and TVPRA reports are expected to be published
in September 2011.
6
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá con reformas hasta 2004, Article 70. See also Código de la Familia,
(1994), Article 508; available from http://www.legalinfo-panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_index.htm. See also
Código de Trabajo (1971), Article 117(1) and (2).
7
Ley Orgánica de Educación, (1946), Article 46; available from http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/busca/index-legispan.asp.
4
The Constitution allows children below the minimum age to work under conditions established
by laws. 8 The Family and Labor Codes appear to allow for light work in agriculture that does
not prejudice school attendance starting at age 12, 9 but provisions regarding hours of work are
not well defined. The Labor Code states that minors 12 to 15 years of age may be employed in
agriculture if the work is outside regular schooling hours. 10 Similarly, the Family Code permits
children between the ages of 12 and 14 to perform agricultural labor as long as the work does not
interfere with schooling. 11 Neither provision sets limits on the total number of hours that
children may work, nor define the kinds of light work that children may perform in agriculture.
The CEACR has noted that neither the Family nor the Labor Codes provide clear regulations for
the conditions under which children age 12 to 14 may engage in light agricultural work. 12
Various laws and an executive decree govern hazardous work by children. The Family Code and
the Labor Code prohibit children less than age 18 from certain activities and types of hazardous
work, including work in venues where alcohol is sold, in public transport, with electricity, with
toxic substances, and underground. 13 Both the Labor Code and Penal Code establish penalties
for employing children in hazardous or illegal occupations. 14 Panamanian law also penalizes the
use of children in certain activities involving illegal substances. 15
Executive Decree No. 19 of 2006 provides a comprehensive list of the hazardous work for
children, banned both by the Labor and Penal Codes. The Decree clarified the types of work
considered hazardous for children under age 18, including work under water or on ships, with
pesticides, involving exposure to extreme weather conditions, with heavy equipment or
dangerous tools, involving carrying heavy loads, in the transport of goods or people, and in trash
8
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Article 70.
9
Código de Trabajo, Article 119. See also Código de la Familia, Article 716.
10
Código de Trabajo, Article 119. See also Paula Antezana Rimassa, Trabajo Infantil en la Agricultura, ILO, 2007, 40-
41.
11
Código de la Familia, Article 716. There is some conflict between the provisions of the laws discussed above and the
Agriculture Code. That Code prohibits children under 14 years of age from paid work in agriculture, even with parental
permission. However, because the Family Code repeals or amends any laws referring to family or minors that are
inconsistent with the Code, and the Agriculture Code was passed in 1962, this age limitation presumably controls in case
of discrepancy. See Government of Panama, Por la cual se aprueba el codigo agrario de la Republica (1962), as
published in Gaceta Oficial, no. 14,726 (August 21, 1962), Article 403; available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/busca/index-legispan.asp. See also Código de la Familia, Article 838. See also Código de
Trabajo, Article 119.
12
ILO Committee of Experts, Individual Direct Request concerning Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Panama
(ratification: 2000), [online] 2006 [cited April 26, 2010]; available from http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-
lex/pdconv.pl?host=status01&textbase=iloeng&document=18523&chapter=9&query=%28C138%29+%40ref+%2B+%28
Panama%29+%40ref&highlight=&querytype=bool&context=0. See also Código de la Familia, Article 716. See also
Código de Trabajo, Article 119.
13
Government of Panama, Código de Trabajo, Article 118; available from
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/42679/67564/S95PAN01.htm. See also Government of Panama, Código
de la Familia, Article 510; available from http://www.legalinfo-panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_index.htm.
14
Código de Trabajo, Article 125. See also Código Penal de la República de Panamá Adoptado por la Ley 14 de 2007,
con las modificaciones y adiciones introducidas por la Ley 26 de 2008, la Ley S de 2009, la Ley 68 de 2009 y la Ley 14 de
2010, (April 26, 2010), Article 198; available from http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/sp/pan/sp_pan-int-text-cp.pdf
15
Código Penal, Article 203.
5
recycling. 16 The Decree indicates that existing laws are to be used to sanction violations,
although it is unclear whether in practice either the Labor or Penal Codes are being applied
against employers hiring children to perform the hazardous work identified in the Executive
Decree. 17
There are additional protections in the Panamanian Penal Code against the worst forms of child
labor. The Penal Code prohibits soliciting and paying for prostitution with a minor and
benefiting from the proceeds of child prostitution. 18 Additionally, the Penal Code provides
comprehensive prohibitions against child pornography, including its production, distribution,
possession, or promotion. Child sex tourism is also prohibited.19 Trafficking of minors
domestically and internationally for sexual purposes is punishable with prison and fines. 20
The Penal Code does not include a ban on child trafficking for forced labor, but prohibits the sale
of children and provides for penalties that are increased if actions result in sexual exploitation,
forced labor, or servitude of children. 21 Panama also has no laws that explicitly prohibit the use
of forced or compulsory child labor, although the Constitution of Panama, as well as the
Panamanian Penal Code, afford related protections that can be used to prohibit forced labor. 22
The Family Code guarantees children protection against being kidnapped, sold, or trafficked for
any purpose, but does not include penalties. 23
16
Decreto Ejecutivo Número 19: Que aprueba la lista del trabajo infantil peligroso, en el marco de las peores formas del
trabajo infantil, 25,569, (June 12, 2006); available from
http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/PDF_NORMAS/2000/2006/2006_548_0012.pdf.
17
Creative Associates International, Inc., Destino: Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Panama (El
Destino hacia la Educación: Disminuyendo y Erradicando el Trabajo Infantil para Nuevas Oportunidades), Government
Performance Results Act Reporting, Washington, D.C., September 16, 2008, 2.
18
Código Penal, Articles 176 and 182.
19
Ibid., Articles 180, 181, 183-186.
20
Ibid., Articles 177 and 179. See also ILO Committee of Experts, Individual Direct Request concerning Forced Labour
Convention, 1930 (No. 29) Panama (ratification: 1966), [online] 2010 [cited April 26, 2010]; available from
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-
lex/pdconv.pl?host=status01&textbase=iloeng&document=23934&chapter=9&query=%28C029%29+%40ref+%2B+%28
Panama%29+%40ref&highlight=&querytype=bool&context=0.
21
Código Penal, Article 207.
22
Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Articles 21 and 40. See also Código Penal, Article 149. See also
U.S. Embassy- Panama, E-mail Communication to USDOL Official, April 20, 2011. See also Mendoza, Eduardo.
"Ejecutivo analiza proyecto sobre la trata de personas. "
23
Código de la Familia, Article 489 (18); available from http://www.legalinfo-
panama.com/legislacion/familia/codfam_IIprem.pdf.
6
Plan to Implement and Enforce the
United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement
This report fulfills the requirements of Section 2108(a) of the Trade Act of 2002 (“the
Act”). Section 2108(a) requires that when the President submits a trade agreement to
Congress under the Act, the President also must submit a plan for implementing and
enforcing the agreement. Specifically, the plan must include the following:
The Office of Management and Budget has requested appropriate agencies to provide
information on any additional staffing and equipment that will be required to implement
and enforce the United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement and the costs
associated with these needs. The Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland
Security, and Labor estimate 8.5 staff are required to implement the United States –
Panama Trade Promotion Agreement.
No additional budget proposals for FY 2012 are anticipated to implement and enforce
the United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement. For those areas where agencies
have identified additional staffing and resource needs, the Administration intends to
adjust existing budgeted resources and does not anticipate requesting additional funding
from Congress.
Section 2108(a)(1)—Border Personnel Requirements
The Department of Homeland Security has identified the following staffing needs
to implement and enforce the United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement.
These staff and equipment requirements indicate reassigned resources rather than
indication of increased need.
The following agencies have identified staffing needs to implement and enforce
the United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement. These staff and equipment
requirements indicate reassigned resources rather than indication of increased need.
2
Department of Intellectual property 1 N/A *
Commerce rights training and trade
compliance (Patent and
Trademark Office)
Department of Monitor, help enforce, .5 N/A *
Labor and administer the labor
chapter.
* indicates cost is less than $500,000.
The United States – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement is not expected to have
any measurable impact on state and local governments.
3
REPORT ON THE U.S. EMPLOYMENT IMPACT OF THE
UNITED STATES–PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT
Pursuant to section 2102(c)(5) of the Trade Act of 2002, the United States Trade
Representative, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, provides the following
Report on the U.S. Employment Impact of the United States–Panama Trade Promotion
Agreement. The report was prepared by the U.S. Department of Labor.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………….. 3
I. Introduction: Overview of the U.S. Employment Impact Report. ………………………….. 4
A. Scope, Outline, and Data Sources of the Report..……….……………………………... 4
B. Legislative Mandate…………………………………………………………………….. 4
C. Public Outreach and Comments………………………………………………………… 5
1. Responses to Federal Register Notice………………………………………………. 5
2. Reports of the Labor Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations and Trade Policy
and Other Advisory Committees……………………………………………………... 5
II. Background and Contents of the United States– Panama Trade Promotion Agreement
(TPA).. …………………………………………………………………………………...... 6
A. Bilateral Economic Setting…………………………………………………….……….. 6
1. Population and the Economy…………………………………………….………….. 6
2. Labor Force……………………………………………………………….………..... 7
a. U.S. Labor Force…………………………………………………….…………... 7
b. Panama’s Labor Force…………….…………………………………….………. 7
3. International Merchandise Trade..………………………………………….……….. 8
a. Global Merchandise Trade…..…………………………………………….…….. 8
b. Bilateral Merchandise Trade..…………………………………………………... 8
4. International Trade in Services…………………………………………….………... 8
5. Foreign Direct Investment…...…………………………………………….………... 9
6. Summary and Conclusions……………………..……………………….…………... 9
B. Barriers to Bilateral Trade Prior to the TPA…..………………………………………... 9
1. Merchandise Trade...………………………………………………………………... 9
2. Trade in Services…………………………………………………………….……… 10
C. Major Elements of the TPA….…………………………………………………………. 11
III. Potential Employment Effects of the TPA…..…………………………………………….. 11
A. The Current Volume and Industrial Structure of U.S.-Panama Trade…………………. 12
B. The Potential Effects of Removing Current Barriers to Trade……………………….… 14
C. Features in the TPA that Affect the Adjustment Process…………………………......... 15
IV. The Labor Chapter of the TPA…..…..…………..……………………………………....... 16
Tables………………………………………………………………………………………….... 18
Table III.1: U.S. Exports to Panama by NAICS-based Sector and Subsector, 2006-2010…….. 19
Table III.2: U.S. Imports from Panama by NAICS-based Sector and Subsector, 2006-2010…. 20
Table III.3: Customs Value, Dutiable Value, Calculated Duties, and Average Rate of Duty
on U.S. Imports from Panama by NAICS-based Subsector, 2010……………........ 21
2
Executive Summary
This employment impact report was prepared pursuant to section 2102(c)(5) of the Trade
Act of 2002. Section 2102(c)(5) requires the President to review and report to the
Congress on the impact of future trade agreements on U.S. employment and labor
markets. This report describes the relevant provisions of the United States–Panama
Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA), including a summary of the labor provisions of the
TPA, and assesses the potential employment effects of the TPA.
The major finding of this report is that the TPA is not expected to have a measurable
effect on employment in the United States. This finding is attributable to: (i) the very
small size of Panama’s economy relative to the United States; (ii) the very small volume
of bilateral trade between the two countries; (iii) the fact that over 98 percent of all U.S.
imports from Panama already enter the United States duty-free; (iv) provisions in the
TPA for the gradual removal of U.S. tariffs on import-sensitive goods from Panama over
an extended period; and (v) safeguards contained in the TPA to attenuate the effects of
certain increases in imports.
3
I. Introduction: Overview of the U.S. Employment Impact Report
This employment impact report provides background and context for the United States–
Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA), including the bilateral economic setting,
current barriers to bilateral trade, and the major elements of the TPA (found in Part II).
The report then considers the potential employment effects of the TPA on the United
States (Part III). Finally, the report briefly describes the Labor Chapter of the TPA (Part
IV). All of the referenced data tables appear at the end of this report.
Unless otherwise specified, the value of U.S. imports and exports used in this report are
based on compilations of official statistics gathered by the U.S. Department of
Commerce. They are extracted from the U.S. International Trade Commission’s
(USITC) Interactive Tariff and Trade Dataweb. 1
B. Legislative Mandate
This report on the U.S. employment impact of the TPA is prepared pursuant to section
2102(c)(5) of the Trade Act of 2002 (“Trade Act”) (Pub. L. No. 107-210). Section
2102(c)(5) provides that the President shall review the impact of future trade agreements
on United States employment, including labor markets, modeled after Executive Order
13141 to the extent appropriate in establishing procedures and criteria. The report is
prepared for the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate and is made available to the public.
The President, by Executive Order 13277 (67 Fed. Reg. 70305 (Nov. 21, 2002)), assigned
the responsibility for conducting reviews under section 2102(c)(5) to the United States
Trade Representative (USTR). USTR delegated its responsibility to the Secretary of
Labor with the requirement that reviews be coordinated through the Trade Policy Staff
Committee (67 Fed. Reg. 71606 (Dec. 2, 2002)).
1
The USITC Interactive Tariff and Trade Dataweb is available at http://dataweb.usitc.gov/. All trade data
are in nominal (current dollar) terms. The value of U.S. imports is the customs value (the appraised value
of the merchandise, exclusive of import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges incurred in placing the
merchandise alongside the carrier at the port of exportation) of U.S. merchandise imports for consumption
(the amount that immediately enters U.S. consumption channels, but not bonded warehouses or Foreign
Trade Zones). The value of U.S. exports is the free alongside ship (FAS) value of domestic U.S.
merchandise exports (goods that are grown, mined, produced, or manufactured in the United States and
sent to foreign countries).
4
C. Public Outreach and Comments
The U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) and USTR jointly published a notice in the
Federal Register on April 20, 2004. The notice announced the initiation of the review
that resulted in this report. It requested written comments from the public on potentially
significant sectoral or regional employment impacts (both positive and negative) of the
TPA in the United States. The public was invited to comment also on other likely labor
market effects of the TPA. 2
• The American Sugar Alliance (ASA) urged that the impact of granting increased
market access for sugar from Panama under the TPA be considered in the context
of market access commitments made with the Central American countries and the
Dominican Republic. The ASA believes that combined these commitments pose
a major threat to the U.S. sugar industry and threaten the livelihood of the more
than 146,000 workers employed directly or indirectly by the U.S. sugar industry.
Section 2104(e) of the Trade Act requires that advisory committees provide the President,
USTR, and Congress with reports under section 135(e)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as
amended, not later than 30 days after the President notifies Congress of his intent to enter
into an agreement. All of the advisory committee reports were submitted by April 25,
2007, and are available on the USTR Web site. 3
The Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) and nearly all of
the other trade advisory committees expressed the view that the TPA is in the economic
interest of the United States and stated their support for it. The ACTPN found the TPA
2
See 69 Fed. Reg. 21177 (Apr. 20, 2004).
3
See http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/panama-tpa/advisory-group-reports-
panama-trade-promotion-agre.
5
“to be strongly in the best economic interest of the United States” and that it “should be
enacted into law as soon as possible.”
The Labor Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations and Trade Policy (LAC) argued
that the agreement would not promote the economic interests of the United States. The
LAC also found that it would not protect the fundamental human rights of workers in
either country. They asserted that provisions in the TPA represent a step backwards from
the unilateral trade preference programs – the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
and the CBERA – that currently apply to Panama. The LAC expressed concerns that the
TPA’s labor provisions only commit the Parties to enforce their own labor laws. The
LAC argued that the TPA’s dispute resolution procedures provide for capped penalties
lower than those for other violations of the TPA, with little punitive or deterrent effect for
violations of the Labor Chapter. Regarding these concerns, it is important to note that the
Labor Chapter and dispute resolution procedures were subsequently modified in May
2007. 4
The LAC also expressed concerns about the TPA’s rules of origin and safeguard
provisions, which, in their view, fail to adequately protect workers from import surges
that may result. They expressed further concerns that the TPA’s provisions on
investment, government procurement, and services could constrain the ability of both
governments to regulate in the public interest and to provide public services.
Panama’s population in 2009 was 3.5 million, approximately 1.1 percent of that of the
United States. 5 It has a land area slightly smaller than the State of South Carolina.
Panama’s GDP was $24.7 billion in 2009, approximately 0.2 percent that of the U.S.
gross domestic product (GDP) of $14.1 trillion. Panama’s gross national income (GNI)
per capita was $6,570, approximately 14.2 percent that of U.S. per capita GNI of
$46,360. Unlike most Latin American countries, Panama’s economy is predominately
based on services. These account for more than three-quarters of its GDP.
4
Relative to trade agreements approved prior to May 2007, the obligations of the Labor Chapter have been
strengthened in two ways. First, the Parties commit to adopt and maintain, and to enforce in practice, labor
laws that protect the fundamental rights stated in the 1998 International Labor Organization (ILO)
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up. In trade agreements prior
to May 2007, and the Labor Chapter as originally negotiated in the TPA, the obligation was to strive to
enforce existing national labor laws and internationally recognized labor rights. Second, disputes arising
under the Labor Chapter will be handled according to the same procedures as commercial disputes arising
under other chapters, rather than according to procedures specific to labor disputes.
5
The data in this section are from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The World
Development Indicators database is available online at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator. GDP figures
are in current U.S. dollars. GNI per capita figures are in current U.S. dollars and use the Atlas Method.
6
2. Labor Force
In 2010, the U.S. civilian labor force totaled 153.9 million workers. 6 The U.S. civilian
labor force consists of employed and unemployed persons in the civilian non-institutional
population age 16 and older.
A total of 139.1 million workers were employed in the United States in 2010. 7
Employment was distributed across activities as follows: 1.6 percent in agriculture, 17.2
percent in industry, and 81.2 percent in services. 8 The unemployment rate in the United
States was 9.6 percent. Persons are classified as unemployed if they had no employment
during the reference week, had actively looked for work in the prior four weeks, and are
currently available for work.
In 2010, Panama’s labor force consisted of approximately 1.6 million workers. 9 The
Panamanian labor force consists of employed and unemployed persons in the civilian
non-institutional population who are age 15 and older.
A total of 1.5 million were employed in Panama in 2010. Employment was distributed
across activities as follows: 17 percent in agriculture, 18 percent in industry, and 64
percent in services. 10 In Panama, the official definition of unemployment is broader than
in the United States. The unemployed in Panama include those without work but actively
looking (as in the United States), and also those without work who have given up looking
for work because they believe no work is available (unlike the United States). By
Panama’s definition, its unemployment rate was 6.5 percent in 2010. Panama’s “open
unemployment rate” is defined more similarly to the unemployment rate in the United
States. It was 4.7 percent in 2010.
6
All data on the U.S. labor force are annual averages based on the Current Population Survey. They are
available on the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Web site at http://www.bls.gov/cps/.
7
Employment and unemployment data refer to the civilian labor force.
8
Percent of total employment in agriculture, industry, and services is the terminology used in most
databases with cross-country coverage. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, and construction. U.S.
employment data broken out by activity (i.e., services, industry, and agriculture) are classified according to
the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) in the Current Population Survey.
Therefore, they are not strictly comparable with other countries’ data.
9
Unless noted otherwise, the labor force statistics presented in this section come from the Republic of
Panama Office of Statistics and Census publication Situacion Social: Estadisticas del Trabajo Volumen 1:
Agosto de 2010. Available online (in Spanish) at
http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/cuadros.aspx?ID=050331. Labor force information represents the
weekly average of estimates for August 2010.
10
USDOL’s calculation using employment figures reported in Situacion Social: Estadisticas del Trabajo
Volumen 1: Agosto de 2010.
7
3. International Merchandise Trade
Based on available statistics from the WTO, total U.S. merchandise trade with the world
amounted to $2.7 trillion ($1.1 trillion in merchandise exports and $1.6 trillion in
merchandise imports) in 2009. 11 The United States was the world’s third largest
merchandise exporter (behind China and Germany) and the number one merchandise
importer. The United States’ primary export partners were the European Union, Canada,
Mexico, and China. Its primary import partners were China, the European Union,
Canada, and Mexico.
Panama’s total merchandise trade with the world amounted to $8.7 billion ($948 million
in merchandise exports and $7.8 billion in merchandise imports) in 2009. Panama was
ranked the 143rd largest merchandise exporter and the 92nd largest merchandise importer
in the world. Panama’s major exports included bananas, shrimp, sugar, coffee, and
clothing. Its major imports included capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, and
chemicals. 12 Panama’s primary export partners were the United States, the European
Union, and Costa Rica. Its primary import partners were the United States, the European
Union, Costa Rica, Mexico, and China.
U.S. bilateral merchandise trade with Panama represents a very small share of total U.S.
merchandise trade. 13 U.S. merchandise exports to Panama amounted to $5.7 billion in
2010. These accounted for 0.5 percent of all U.S. merchandise exports to the world.
Panama ranked as the 36th largest U.S. merchandise export market. U.S. merchandise
imports from Panama amounted to $376.1 million. These accounted for 0.02 percent of
all U.S. merchandise imports from the world. Panama ranked as the 93rd largest source
for U.S. merchandise imports.
The United States was the world’s number one commercial services exporter ($476.0
billion) and number one commercial services importer ($334.3 billion) in 2009, based on
data from the WTO. 14 By comparison, Panama’s exports of commercial services to the
11
Unless otherwise noted, data for this and the next paragraph are from the WTO and are based on total
merchandise trade. WTO Trade Profiles (March 2011) by country are available at
http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFHome.aspx?Language=E. Numbers may not add to
totals due to rounding.
12
See CIA World Fact Book profile for Panama. Available online at:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html.
13
As noted in section I.A of this report, trade data, unless otherwise noted, are from the USITC Dataweb.
All trade data are in nominal (current dollar) terms. Imports are the customs value of imports for
consumption. Exports are the FAS value of domestic exports.
14
WTO statistics and rankings refer to commercial services, which exclude trade in government services
not included elsewhere. See WTO Trade Profiles (March 2011).
8
world amounted to $5.5 billion (ranked 61st) and its imports of commercial services from
the world totaled $2.1 billion (ranked 91st). Panama’s services exports were more than
five times larger than their merchandise exports ($948 million). Most of Panama’s total
exports consisted of exports of services related to the Panama Canal, in particular,
transportation through the Panama Canal.
The United States does not keep statistics on bilateral services trade with Panama.
U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Panama was $7.8 billion (on a historical-cost
basis) in 2009, up from $6.2 billion in 2008. Panamanian FDI in the United States was
$1.0 billion (on a historical-cost basis) in 2009 up from $822 million in 2008. 15
In 2009, Panama’s inward stock of FDI was estimated to be $18.7 billion and its outward
stock of FDI was estimated to be $29.2 billion. 16
Panama’s population, economy, and labor force are substantially smaller than those of the
United States. The United States exports significantly more merchandise to Panama than
it imports from the country ($5.7 billion compared to $376.1 million). Panama ranks 36th
as a destination for U.S. exports and 93rd as a source for U.S. merchandise imports. The
small size of the Panamanian economy relative to that of the United States and the
dominance of other partners in U.S. trade greatly limit the effect that the TPA can have
on aggregate levels of U.S. employment.
1. Merchandise Trade
The United States and Panama are members of the WTO. WTO members are obligated
to accord “most favored nation/normal trade relations” (MFN/NTR) 17 tariff treatment to
the goods of other WTO members. Under MFN, with certain exceptions, if a tariff is
applied to a good from one Member country, the same tariff must be applied to the same
good from all member countries. 18
15
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business (Sept. 2010), pp. 70-71 and 105-106.
Available online at http://www.bea.gov/scb/toc/0910cont.htm. This source defines foreign direct
investment position in the United States as the value of foreign direct investors’ equity in, and net
outstanding loans to, their U.S. affiliates. The position may be viewed as the foreign direct investors’ net
financial claim on their U.S. affiliates whether in the form of equity or debt.
16
See United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, World Investment Report 2010 Country Fact
Sheets. Available online at http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=2441&lang=1.
17
U.S. law uses the term “normal trade relations” (NTR) instead of the term “most favored nation” (MFN)
to describe the principle of nondiscriminatory treatment of trading partners. The WTO uses the term MFN.
18
Among the allowable exceptions to MFN are bilateral free trade agreements. Any removal of tariffs
agreed between the United States and Panama in the TPA does not have to be extended to other countries.
9
According to the WTO, Panama’s simple average MFN applied tariff rate was 7.1
percent for all products in 2009. 19 The average was 13.4 percent for agricultural products
(based on the WTO definition) and 6.2 percent for non-agricultural products. In addition
to tariffs, many imports are subject to a five percent transfer tax. 20 Foods, feeds,
pharmaceuticals, goods to be re-exported, and transactions in any free trade zone are
exempt from the transfer tax. Special import licenses are required in a select set of
circumstances.
The United States maintains a transparent and largely open trade regime, although it
maintains some non-tariff barriers to trade. According to the WTO, the United States’
simple average MFN applied tariff rate was 3.5 percent for all products in 2009. 21 The
average was 4.7 percent for agricultural products (based on the WTO definition) and 3.3
percent for non-agricultural goods. The WTO Secretariat recently noted that “the U.S.
trade and investment regimes are among the most open in the world, and have remained
so throughout the period under review.” 22 Most imports either enter the United States
duty-free or at low tariffs, although the United States maintains some relatively high
tariffs on sensitive products, including tobacco, certain dairy products, sugar, textiles and
apparel, and footwear. 23
2. Trade in Services
The U.S. services and investment regimes are generally open, with some exceptions. 25
For example, in the maritime sector, cabotage laws reserve domestic routes to U.S.
See Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld, International Economics (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley,
2009), p. 239. See also WTO, Principles of the Trading System, available online at
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact2_e.htm#nondiscrimination.
19
Averages are simple averages of MFN applied tariffs. See WTO Tariff Profile for Panama. Available
online at http://stat.wto.org/TariffProfile/WSDBTariffPFHome.aspx?Language=E.
20
Unless otherwise noted, the discussion on Panama is based upon 2010 National Trade Estimate Report
on Foreign Trade Barriers: Panama (Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, 2010). Available online at
http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reports/2010/NTE/2010_NTE_Panama_final.pdf
21
Averages are simple averages of MFN applied tariffs. See WTO Trade Profile for the United States,
available online at http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFHome.aspx?Language=E.
22
World Trade Organization, Trade Policy Review United States, Report by the Secretariat,
WT/TPR/S/235 (Geneva, August 2010), paragraph 1, p. vii. Available online at
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp335_e.htm.
23
World Trade Organization, Trade Policy Review United States, Report by the Secretariat,
WT/TPR/S/235 (Geneva, August 2010), paragraph 32, p. 26.
24
The discussion on Panama is based on 2010 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers:
Panama (Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, 2010).
25
See World Trade Organization, Trade Policy Review United States, Report by the Secretariat,
WT/TPR/S/160 (Geneva, June 2008).
10
operators and provide government support for U.S.-flag vessels. Similarly, the United
States restricts foreign ownership and control of U.S. air transport carriers, and the
provision of domestic air service is restricted to U.S. carriers.
The TPA consists of a Preamble, 22 chapters and associated annexes, and letters. The
chapters are: Initial Provisions; General Definitions; National Treatment and Market
Access for Goods; Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures; Customs Administration and
Trade Facilitation; Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures; Technical Barriers to Trade;
Trade Remedies; Government Procurement; Investment; Cross-Border Trade in Services;
Financial Services; Telecommunications; Electronic Commerce; Intellectual Property
Rights; Labor; Environment; Transparency; Administration of the Agreement and Trade
Capacity Building; Dispute Settlement; Exceptions; and Final Provisions. There are three
annexes to the agreement that include non-conforming measures in services, investment,
and financial services. The complete text of the TPA is available on USTR’s Web site. 26
The major finding of this report is that the TPA is not expected to have a measurable
effect on employment in the United States.
While the potential impacts of the TPA have not been be quantified, the remainder of Part
III presents some qualitative observations that suggest minimal impacts on labor markets.
One is that nearly all U.S. imports from Panama already enter the United States duty-free.
Another is that the price paid by Panamanian consumers for U.S. goods will likely fall
more than the price paid by U.S. consumers for Panamanian goods. Finally, should there
be adverse short-term impacts, the TPA contains provisions meant to mitigate or correct
those impacts over time.
26
See http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/panama-tpa/final-text.
27
United States International Trade Commission. U.S. – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential
Economy-wide and Selected Sectoral Effects. Investigation No.TA-2104-025. September 2007. Available
online at http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub3948.pdf.
28
USITC, p. xv. The factors cited are “the small size of Panama’s economy relative to that of the United
States, Panama’s small share of U.S. trade (about 0.1 percent of total U.S. goods trade in 2006), and the
duty-free access that most Panamanian products already receive in the U.S. market.”
11
A. The Current Volume and Industrial Structure of U.S.–Panama
Trade
U.S. merchandise exports to Panama represent a small share of all U.S. merchandise
exports. Over the past five years, Panama’s share of total U.S. merchandise exports has
increased from 0.3 percent in 2006 to 0.5 percent in 2010. In 2010, U.S. merchandise
exports to Panama amounted to $5.7 billion. They have been concentrated primarily in a
few industrial subsectors (based on the North America Industrial Classification System,
NAICS), all within the manufacturing sector: petroleum and coal products;
transportation equipment; chemicals; machinery, except electrical; and computer and
electronic products (see Table III.1). 29
U.S. merchandise imports from Panama represent a very small share of all U.S.
merchandise imports. Over the past five years, Panama’s small share of all U.S.
merchandise imports has remained constant, accounting for just 0.02 percent of all U.S.
merchandise imports from the world. In 2010, U.S. merchandise imports from Panama
amounted to $376.1 million. They have been concentrated in the following NAICS-
based subsectors: U.S. goods returned and re-imported items; fresh, chilled, or frozen
fish and other marine products; waste and scrap; agricultural products; primary metal
manufacturing; and food and kindred products (see Table III.2).
Many goods from Panama have long been granted reduced duties or duty-free entry to the
United States through MFN treatment or under unilateral U.S. trade preference
programs, 30 including the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) 31 and the GSP. 32 In 2010,
98.2 percent of all U.S. merchandise imports from Panama entered the United States
duty-free, while the remaining 1.8 percent was subject to an average 3.5 percent rate of
duty. On a NAICS subsector basis:
29
For the purposes of relating foreign trade statistics to U.S. industrial output and employment, the Bureau
of the Census has mapped 10-digit Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) numbers used
for U.S. exports and import statistics to their closest NAICS-based code. Some categories of traded items
have no direct domestic counterpart. NAICS-based 91000-99000 categories were created to classify such
goods. For example, NAICS 99000—Special Classification Provisions, not otherwise specified or
included, contains primarily imports and exports of low-value shipments not specified by kind, exposed
film and prerecorded tapes, articles imported for repairs, returned goods, and articles donated to charity.
30
The subsequent list omits the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft. In 2010, $22,908 of imports from
Panama entered duty-free under this Agreement.
31
Initially launched in 1983, through the CBERA, and substantially expanded in 2000 through the U.S.-
Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA), the CBI currently provides beneficiary countries with
duty-free access to the U.S. market for most goods. For more information see: http://www.ustr.gov/trade-
topics/trade-development/preference-programs/caribbean-basin-initiative-cbi.
32
The U.S. GSP is a program designed to promote economic growth in the developing world by providing
preferential duty-free entry for about 4,800 products from 131 designated beneficiary countries and
territories. The GSP program expired on December 31, 2010. For more information see
http://www.ustr.gov/trade-topics/trade-development/preference-programs/generalized-system-preference-
gsp.
12
• $330.6 million of U.S. merchandise imports from Panama entered duty-free under
MFN duty-free or under special temporary rate provisions. These accounted for
87.9 percent of all U.S. imports from Panama. Duty-free imports under these
provisions consisted primarily of U.S. goods returned and re-imported items (39
percent); fresh, chilled, or frozen fish and other marine products (26 percent);
waste and scrap (11 percent); primary metal manufacturing (8 percent); and
agricultural products (6 percent).
• $28.4 million of U.S. merchandise imports from Panama entered duty-free under
the provisions of the CBI. These accounted for 7.6 percent of all U.S. imports
from Panama. CBI-duty-free imports consisted primarily of food and kindred
products (41 percent); agricultural products (37 percent); primary metal
manufacturing (8 percent); and beverages and tobacco products (8 percent).
• $10.2 million of U.S. merchandise imports from Panama entered duty-free under
the provisions of the GSP program. These accounted for 2.7 percent of all U.S.
imports from Panama. GSP-duty-free imports consisted primarily of food and
kindred products (75 percent); agricultural products (8 percent); and wood
products (6 percent).
About $6.9 million – or 1.8 percent – of all U.S. merchandise imports from Panama
incurred duties. At the average 3.5 percent ad valorem tariff rate, estimated total duties
were $238,644.
In 2010, U.S. imports from Panama in the following NAICS-based subsectors faced
averages of duties of six percent or higher on goods subject to duty (see Table III.3):
• apparel and accessories (average rate of duty on dutiable goods, 15.9 percent);
• leather and allied products (11.2 percent);
• textile mill products (7.1 percent);
• textiles and fabrics (6.1 percent);
• fresh, chilled, or frozen fish and other marine products (6.0 percent); and
• food and kindred products (6.0 percent).
Considering individual goods, 33 the ten leading U.S. merchandise imports accounted for
75.7 percent of all U.S. merchandise imports from Panama. Each of the ten leading
imports received duty-free treatment. Eight of the ten leading imports – U.S. goods
returned; gold waste and scrap; shrimps and prawns; nonmonetary gold bullion and dore;
smelts, cusk, and hake; other fresh or chilled fish, swordfish steaks, and other swordfish;
fresh or dried bananas; and frozen fillets of fresh-water fish – received MFN duty-free
treatment. One good – raw sugar cane – received duty-free treatment for certain volumes
of raw sugar within a tariff rate quota under both the GSP and CBI. The final good –
fresh or dried pineapples – received duty-free treatment under the CBI.
33
This paragraph examines imports on an eight-digit HTS tariff line basis.
13
B. The Potential Effects of Removing Current Barriers to Trade
The immediate effects of the TPA will come from the removal of tariffs on bilateral
merchandise trade and the provision of expanded market access (through preferential
tariff rate quotas) on specific sensitive goods (mainly agricultural items).
Recall that in 2009, Panama’s average applied import tariff was 7.1 percent. In contrast,
the U.S. average applied tariff was just 3.5 percent. 34 Tariff rates on specific items are
designated at the tariff line level. Prior to the TPA, 37 percent of U.S. tariff lines and 30
percent of Panamanian tariff lines were MFN duty-free. When the TPA enters into force,
an additional 60 percent of U.S. tariff lines and 45 percent of Panamanian tariff lines will
be duty-free immediately. 35 Duties on other goods will be phased out over varying
transition periods. The Panamanian tariff commitments represent increased duty-free
access for U.S. exporters. The U.S. tariff commitments under the TPA largely make
permanent duty-free benefits already afforded to Panama under the CBI and the GSP.
Currently GSP benefits and certain benefits under CBI, including those for textiles, are
subject to periodic expiration and legislative renewal.
For these reasons, the simultaneous removal of barriers by each of the Parties will likely
mean that the price paid by Panamanian consumers of U.S. goods will fall more than the
price paid by U.S. consumers of Panamanian goods. Accordingly, it is reasonable to
expect that the lowering of the barriers through the TPA will have a greater positive
effect on U.S. exports to Panama than on Panamanian exports to the United States.
The TPA will also require Panama to further open its services market to U.S. service
providers. 36 Under the TPA, Panama commits to provide substantial market access
across its entire services regime, including financial services. Panama will provide
improved access in sectors including express delivery and grant new access in
professional services that previously had been reserved exclusively to Panamanian
nationals. Panama will allow Panamanian mutual funds and pension funds to obtain
certain management services and advice from U.S. financial institutions. Because the
U.S. services market is already very open (see section II.B.2 of this report), the TPA will
likely not have as much of an effect on U.S. imports of services from Panama.
Under the TPA, Panama commits to open its government procurement market, including
the Panama Canal, to U.S. goods, services and suppliers and to follow procedures that
will ensure that its procurements are transparent, predictable, and fair. Panama is an
observer to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement, but not a party to the
Agreement. 37
34
See WTO Tariff Profiles for Panama and the United States, available online at:
http://stat.wto.org/TariffProfile/WSDBTariffPFHome.aspx?Language=E
35
The figures presented include both agricultural tariff lines and industrial and textile tariff lines. For a
more detailed discussion of the tariff staging commitments of the TPA, see USITC (2007) Tables 2.1 and
2.2. Available online at http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub3948.pdf.
36
The discussion in this paragraph and the following two paragraphs is based upon 2010 National Trade
Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers: Panama (Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, 2010).
37
See http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/memobs_e.htm#parties.
14
In the longer term, the TPA may also lead to increased FDI between Panama and the
United States. The TPA creates a more stable legal framework for investors. All forms of
investment are protected under the agreement. The United States already affords equal
treatment to non-U.S. investors. U.S. investors in Panama will newly enjoy the right to
establish, acquire, and operate investments on an equal footing with local investors in
almost all sectors.
This section discusses features in the TPA that affect the extent and speed of adjustments
that may follow from increased bilateral trade between the United States and Panama.
• Suspend the further reduction of the rate of customs duty provided for that good
under the TPA; or
• Increase the rate of customs duty on the good to a level not to exceed the lesser of
the MFN applied rate of duty on the good in effect at the time the action is taken
or the MFN applied rate of duty on the good in effect on the day immediately
preceding the date of entry into force of the TPA.
A safeguard action may be in place for up to four years, but must terminate at the end of
the transition period. Neither Party may impose a bilateral safeguard measure more than
once on the same good. The Party taking the action must provide appropriate trade
liberalizing compensation in the form of concessions having substantially equivalent
trade effects or equivalent to the value of the additional duties expected to result from the
measure. Each Party retains its rights and obligations for global safeguard actions under
Article XIX of GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.
Products benefiting from preferential treatment under the TPA must originate in Panama
or the United States. Final products from other countries are ineligible for preferential
treatment under the TPA. The TPA contains strict rules of origin, including requirements
that specify that items from outside the two countries must undergo substantial
transformation within the United States or Panama to be eligible for benefits under the
TPA.
38
The transition period is ten years, except that for any good for which a Party will eliminate tariffs over a
period of more than ten years, the transition period is the tariff elimination period.
15
Finally, some goods traded between the countries will not become duty-free immediately.
The TPA specifies that tariffs on sensitive goods will be phased out over transition
periods that range from two to seventeen years (see also Section III.B of this report).
The Labor Chapter of the TPA 39 contains provisions that support protection of labor
rights and enforcement of labor laws, thereby helping to preserve a level playing field for
American workers. It satisfies the relevant provisions of the Trade Act of 2002 and
reflects the May 10, 2007, Congressional-Executive Agreement on Trade.
Article 16.1 of the Chapter reaffirms the Parties’ obligations as members of the
International Labor Organization (ILO). Article 16.2.1 commits each Party to “adopt and
maintain in its statutes and regulations, and practices thereunder,” fundamental labor
rights as stated in the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at
Work, 40 and includes a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor. 41 Article 16.2.2
further provides that “neither Party shall waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to
waive or otherwise derogate from, its statutes or regulations implementing” the obligation
in Article 16.2.1 “in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.” Article
16.3 states that “a Party shall not fail to effectively enforce its labor laws, 42 including
those it adopts or maintains in accordance with Article 16.2.1, through a sustained or
recurring course of action or inaction, in a manner affecting trade or investment between
the Parties.” Article 16.4 obligates each Party to provide procedural guarantees for
enforcement of its labor laws, including access to labor tribunals, proceedings that are
transparent and comply with due process of law, and remedies to ensure enforcement of
labor laws.
All obligations in the Chapter are subject to the same dispute settlement procedures and
enforcement mechanisms as commercial obligations in the TPA. The Chapter also
39
Full text available from http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/panama-tpa/final-
text.
40
The ILO Declaration states that all ILO members have an obligation “to respect, to promote and to
realize, in good faith and in accordance with the Constitution, the principles concerning the fundamental
rights which are the subject of those Conventions, namely: (a) freedom of association and the effective
recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (b) the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory
labour; (c) the effective abolition of child labour; and (d) the elimination of discrimination in respect of
employment and occupation.” See http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc86/com-
dtxt.htm.
41
Establishing a Party’s violation of Article 16.2.1 requires demonstration that the Party “has failed to
adopt or maintain a statute, regulation, or practice in a manner affecting trade or investment between the
parties [to the agreement].”
42
Article 19.8 defines “labor laws” for the purposes of the Agreement as “a Party’s statutes and
regulations, or provisions thereof, that are directly related to the following internationally recognized labor
rights: (a) freedom of association; (b) the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (c) the
elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor; (d) the effective abolition of child labor, a
prohibition on the worst forms of child labor, and other labor protections for children and minors; (e) the
elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation; and (f) acceptable conditions of
work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health.”
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establishes a labor cooperation and capacity building mechanism to improve labor
standards and advance common commitments regarding labor matters.
17
Tables
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Table III.1: U.S. Exports to Panama by NAICS-based Sector and Subsector, 2006-2010
Total U.S. Exports to Panama………………..……………….. 2,523.6 3,492.4 4,614.6 4,063.2 5,708.1 0.5 100
11—Agriculture and Livestock Products………………..…… 87.7 136.2 184.7 145.7 170.6 0.3 3.0
111—Agricultural Products………………………...…………… 82.0 130.1 177.5 137.4 162.8 0.3 2.9
112—Livestock and Livestock Products……………………….. 3.7 4.1 4.7 5.7 5.4 0.3 0.1
113—Forestry Products…………………………………..…….. 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 (1) (1)
114—Fresh, Chilled, or Frozen Fish and Other Marine
Products………………………………………………………….. 1.2 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.8 (1) (1)
21—Oil, Gas, Minerals and Ores…………………...…………. 5.3 9.6 18.1 5.4 5.1 (1) 0.1
211—Oil and Gas……………………………………………...… 1.0 8.0 8.4 3.2 0.1 (1) (1)
212—Minerals and Ores………………………………...………. 4.3 1.6 9.7 2.2 5.1 (1) 0.1
91-99—Special Classification Provisions………………..……. 118.3 163.6 245.3 214.8 302.9 0.4 5.3
91—Waste and Scrap…………………………………….……... 3.3 6.3 9.1 7.5 14.7 0.1 0.3
92—Used or Second-hand Merchandise…………………….….. 5.6 9.2 11.1 13.6 10.8 0.2 0.2
99—Special Classification Provisions, not otherwise specified or
included……………………………………………………..…… 109.5 148.1 225.0 193.7 277.4 0.6 4.9
Note: The NAICS-based industry structure presented in this table is based on the HTS-to-NAICS concordance developed by the U.S. Census
Bureau, as extracted from the USITC Dataweb. The NAICS-based manufacturing sector includes many processed agricultural products that are
often considered agricultural products. Under alternative aggregation schemes, including the WTO’s definition of agricultural products, many of
the products classified in NAICS-based subsectors 311 (Food and Kindred Products) and 312 (Beverages and Tobacco Products), would be
considered agricultural products. The value of U.S. exports is the free alongside ship (FAS) value of domestic U.S. merchandise exports at the
U.S. port of export. Because of rounding, figures may not add to totals shown.
Source: USDOL tabulations of tariff and trade data from the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission.
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Table III.2: U.S. Imports from Panama by NAICS-based Sector and Subsector, 2006-2010
Total U.S. Imports from Panama……………..………………. 337.6 361.4 373.7 296.0 376.1 0.02 100.0
11—Agriculture and Livestock Products………………..…… 132.6 130.9 131.5 95.3 117.7 0.25 31.3
111—Agricultural Products………………………...…………… 28.1 28.5 32.4 20.3 30.7 0.13 8.2
112—Livestock and Livestock Products……………………….. 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 (1) (2) (3)
113—Forestry Products…………………………………..…….. (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (3)
114—Fresh, Chilled, or Frozen Fish and Other Marine
Products………………………………………………………….. 104.4 102.2 98.9 74.9 87.0 0.78 23.1
51—Information…………………..……………………………. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
511—Publishing Industries (except Internet)………………..….. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
91-99—Special Classification Provisions………………..……. 101.0 126.0 125.1 112.9 173.9 0.24 46.3
91—Waste and Scrap…………………………………….……... 19.5 26.7 27.8 18.0 36.6 0.70 9.7
92—Used or Second-hand Merchandise…………………….….. 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.6 0.04 0.7
98—U.S. Goods Returned and Reimported Items……………… 69.2 94.6 90.8 90.7 130.5 0.32 34.7
99—Special Classification Provisions, not otherwise specified or
included……………………………………………………..…… 10.7 3.7 5.4 3.1 4.2 0.02 1.1
(1) Less than $50,000.
(2) Less than 0.005 percent.
(3) Less than 0.05 percent.
Note: The NAICS-based industry structure presented in this table is based on the HTS-to-NAICS concordance developed by the U.S. Census
Bureau, as extracted from the USITC Dataweb. The NAICS-based manufacturing sector includes many processed agricultural products that are
often considered agricultural products. Under alternative aggregation schemes, including the WTO’s definition of agricultural products, many of
the products classified in NAICS-based subsectors 311 (Food and Kindred Products) and 312 (Beverages and Tobacco Products), would be
considered agricultural products. The value of U.S. imports is the customs value (the appraised value of the merchandise, exclusive of import
duties, freight, insurance, and other charges incurred in placing the merchandise alongside the carrier at the port of exportation) of U.S.
merchandise imports for consumption (the amount that immediately enters U.S. consumption channels, but not bonded warehouses or Foreign
Trade Zones). Because of rounding, figures may not add to totals shown.
Source: USDOL tabulations of tariff and trade data from the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission.
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Table III.3: Customs Value, Dutiable Value, Calculated Duties, and Average Rate of Duty on U.S.
Imports from Panama by NAICS-based Subsector, 2010
(sorted by 2010 value of Calculated Duties)
Note: The customs value of U.S. imports is the appraised value of the merchandise, exclusive of import duties, freight, insurance, and
other charges incurred in placing the merchandise alongside the carrier at the port of exportation. The customs value given is for
imports for consumption, which represents the amount that immediately enters U.S. consumption channels, but not bonded
warehouses or Foreign Trade Zones. The dutiable value represents the customs value of the foreign merchandise imported into the
United States that is subject to duty. The calculated duty represents the estimated import duties collected. Estimated duties are
calculated based on the applicable rates of duty as shown in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States Annotated for
Statistical Reporting Purposes. Estimates of calculated duty do not necessarily reflect amounts of duty paid. The average rate of duty
is the ratio of calculated duties over dutiable value, expressed in percentage terms. Because of rounding, figures may not add to totals
shown.
Source: USDOL tabulations of official U.S. trade statistics from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census.
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