Occupational Safety

Occupational safety is your legal right to work in conditions that are free of known dangers.
The requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 helps employers prevent the
number of workplace injuries, illnesses and deaths.
Occupational Safety and Health Act
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 was passed to promote safer workplace
conditions in the US. The law established the federal Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), which sets and enforces workplace health and safety standards, and the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NOSH),

REPUBLIC ACT 11058

President Duterte signed the Republic Act 11058 (Occupational Safety and Health Standards
Law) on August 17,2018 which it mandates strict compliance of employers to workplace safety
standards.

Employers are now required to comply with occupational and safety and health standards
including informing workers on all types of hazards in the workplace, and having the rights to
refuse unsafe work, as well as providing facilities and personal protective equipment for the
workers, among the others.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

By virtue of the powers vested in the Department of Labor and Employment under Article 162 of
the Labor Code of the Philippines, this Occupational Safety and Health Standards is
hereby promulgated for the guidance and compliance of all concerned. This body of standards
rules and regulations shall hereafter be referred to as “Standards”
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) Formulated in 1978

Rule 1000 – General Provision

Duties of Employer
• Furnish safe and Healthful working conditions
• Give job safety instruction
• Comply with OSHS
• Use approved safety devices

Duties of Worker
• Cooperate with management
• Report unsafe condition
• Use all safe devices
RULE 1010 OTHER SAFETY RULES
1011: Promulgation of Rules -Safety and health rules may be promulgated, amended,
modified, or
Revoked in Different manner.
1012: Special Rules
1012.01: Work Conditions or Practices Not Covered by Standards - Any specific rule
applicable to a condition, practice, means, methods, operations or processes shall also
apply to other similar work situations for which no specific rule has been established.
1012.02: Abatement of Imminent Danger
1012.03: Suspension of Rules
1012.04: Variation Order
1013: Hazardous Workplaces
RULE 1020 REGISTRATION

1021: General Provisions – Every employer as defined in Rule 1002 (1) shall register his
business with the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction
thereof to form part of a databank of all covered establishments.
1022: Registrable Unit The establishment regardless of size of economic activity, whether
small, medium or large scale in one single location, shall be one registrable unit.
1023: Period of Registration
(1) Existing establishments shall be registered within sixty (60) days after the
effectivity of this Standards.
(2) New establishments shall register within thirty (30) days before operation.
1024: Registration
(1)Registration shall be made inform DOLE-BWC-IP-3 in three copies and
to be submitted to the Regional Labor Office or authorized
representatives.
(2) Registration shall be free of charge and valid for the lifetime of the establishment
except when any of the following conditions exists, in which case, re-registration as if it
were a new establishment is required:
a) change in business name,
b) change in location,
c) change in ownership, or
d) re-opening after previous closing.
(3) Registration shall include a layout plan of the place of work floor
by floor, in a scale of 1:100 meters white or blue print showing all the physical
features of the workplace including storage, exits, aisles, machinery, clinic, emergency
devices and location.
(4) The registration form may be reprinted or reproduced and the back page may be used
for other information.
RULE 1030 -TRAINING OF PERSONNEL IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
1031: Training Programs
1032: Accreditation - The Secretary may issue accreditation or authority to recognized
organizations or groups of persons to conduct occupational safety and health training.
1032.01: Criteria for Training
1032.02: Audit Systems
1033: Training and Personnel Complement
1034.01: Qualifications of a Safety Consultant
1034.02: Prohibition in the Practice of Occupational Safety and Health
 No person or organization may be allowed, hired or otherwise employed in the practice of
occupational safety and health unless the requirements of this Rule are complied with.

What are the Purposes of Occupational Safety?

Occupational safety deals with all aspects of physical, mental and social health and safety in a
workplace, it also affects company reputation and productivity. The prevention amongst workers
of departures from health caused by their working conditions. The protection of workers in their
employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health.

What is Emergency?
An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property,
or environment. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the
situation.

WHAT IS OCCUPATIONAL INJURY?

Occupational injuries are defined as any personal injury, disease or death resulting from
occupational accident. It can result from physical, biological, chemical hazards.
Examples of Occupational Injuries
• Sprains, Strains and Tears
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Overexertion
• General soreness and Pain
• Back Pain

House Keeping
Materials Handling and Storage
Fire Safety
Electrical Safety
Machine Safety

Housekeeping
Why is housekeeping important?

5S
The 5S, a Japanese concept that aims to optimize time for production, is a very practical, simple
and proven approach to improving housekeeping in the workplace.
Materials Handling and Storage
Materials Handling and Storage
It is a technique which includes the art of lifting, placing, storing or movement of materials
through the use of one’s physical strength or appropriate handling equipment.
TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS

Manual Materials Handling

Mechanical Materials Handling

Manual Materials Handling

Manual materials handling (MMH) means moving or handling things by lifting, lowering,
pushing, pulling, carrying, holding, or restraining using one’s physical strength.

MANUAL MATERIALS HANDLING HAZARDOUS?

MMH is always hazardous but the level of hazard depends on what you are handling, what the
task is, and what the conditions are at the workplace or work site.
Mechanical Materials Handling

this pertains to use of rigid, manually or mechanically-powered equipment mainly for handling
bulky and heavy items.

MANUALLY POWERED MATERIALS

HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Stair climbing truck

Dump trucks
PRECAUTIONS THAT MUST BE OBSERVED!

A worker must not operate an equipment if he is not trained to use it;

Operators must be certified and authorized;
Operators must be trained in safety and health involving handling equipment operation; and,
Equipment must be properly maintained and regularly inspected.

Material Storage
Material Storage
Materials storage could easily be neglected at times in an actual work setting. When neglected,
it leads to cluttering, piling of one material over another and obstruction of passageways.
Materials should be stored neatly and orderly.
THINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN SETTING UP A STORAGE AREA
Store materials at a convenient height.
Leave the lowest shelf unused if necessary.
Use vertically mobile shelves to avoid bending and overhead reaching.
Use bin racks for storing small items.
Store heavy and frequently used materials at waist height.
Do not store materials at floor level.
Use hand trucks with elevating devices in storage and loading areas.
Use trucks with a tilting device to avoid bending.
Use elevating platforms to avoid overhead reaching.

The Fire Triangle and the Fire Tetrahedron

Fire Triangle and the Fire Tetrahedron
Fuel: Any material that will burn is classified as fuel
Flammable substance
Combustible substance
Flashpoint
Oxygen: We need oxygen which combines with fuel while burning
Heat – completes the chemistry of fire

How to extinguish a fire?

A. Removing fuel
B. Removing oxygen

Oxygen cannot be eliminated completely so what one can do is:

1. Separate it from the fire through smothering the burning area with a non-combustible
material – this is called “suffocating the fire.”
2. Reduce the concentration of oxygen below the concentration necessary to support
combustion. This is accomplished by discharging carbon dioxide or other inert gases into the
fire

Removing heat
If we reduce the heat below the kindling point or flashpoint, we stop the release of combustible
vapors and gases and extinguish the fire. To achieve this, it is necessary to remove the heat at
a greater rate than the total heat that is being evolved from the fire. The most common agent
used is water or incorporated in foam.
D. Interrupting the chain reaction
Interrupt the chain reaction by inhibiting the oxidation process and the production of
flammable vapors that react with oxygen, then we extinguish the fire

Common Causes of Fire

Electricity
Control
conduct regular inspection and maintenance of electrical installation
employ trained and licensed electrician
follow Philippine Electrical Code and Occupational Safety and Health Standards

Friction sparks
Control
Preventive maintenance program to keep bearings well-oiled and do not run hot. And keep
accumulation of flammable dust or lint on them to a minimum.
Keep oil holes of bearings covered to prevent dust and gritty substances from entering the
bearing

Open flames
Control
providing a "No Smoking Area" at specified times where supervision can be maintained.
marking areas where exposure is severe with conspicuous “No Smoking” signs, prohibiting
employees from even carrying matches, lighters and smoking material of any kind
Welding and cutting sparks
Control time for welding and cutting:
Move combustibles a safe distance away - 35 ft. horizontally or
Move work to a safe distance
Protect the exposed combustibles with suitable fire resistant guards and provide a trained fire
watcher with extinguishing equipment readily available
Cover openings in walls, floors or ducts should be if within 35 ft of the work.
Implement "Hot Work Permit System"
PREVENT THE SPREAD OF FIRE
These are the three (3) methods of heat transfer and how it can be controlled:

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

COMMON EXTINGUISHERS
Permanent or "built-in" fire extinguishers
Examples include:
standpipe and hose
automatic sprinkler system
fire hydrant
fire pump
fire truck
automatic extinguishing system
2. Portable extinguishers
These are used extensively to lessen the danger from fire. After such a system is installed, its
proper maintenance and regular inspection is suggested to ensure its usefulness when needed.

Electrical Safety
Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks and electrocution (death). Assume that all
overhead wires are energized at lethal voltages. Never assume that a wire is safe to touch even
if it is down or appears to be insulated. Never touch a fallen overhead power line. Warn people
not to touch the vehicle or the wire.
Elements of Electricity
Voltage - is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes charged electrons
(current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating a light.

Resistance - is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit.

Current - is a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms.

Hazards of Electricity

Electric shock
Burns
Fire

COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL INJURIES/ACCIDENTS

(a) touching of live parts
(b) short circuit
(c) inadequate guarding
(d) overloading
(e) breaking of connections

Four main types injuries caused

by electric currents
Electrocution (fatal)
Electric shock
Burns
Falls

Classification of hazardous locations

Class I – locations where flammable gases or vapors are present or likely to become present.
Class II – applies to combustible dusts.
Class III – locations are those where easily ignitable dust such as textile fibers are present but
not likely to be suspended in the air in sufficient concentration to produce an easily ignitable
atmosphere.

SAFETY RULES TO FOLLOW:

do not guess
(b) use proper instruments
(c) always use safety device
(d) lock out and tag out (LOTO)
(e) never work alone
(f) use danger signs
(g) keep temporary electrical wiring safe
(h) strictly observe rules of Philippine Electrical Code (PEC)
(i) work with qualified men only
(j) ensure proper maintenance
Machine Safety
Machine Safety
Machines can help improve production efficiency in the workplace. However, their moving
parts, sharp edges, and hot surfaces can also cause serious workplace injuries such as crushed
fingers or hands, amputations, burns, or blindness. Safeguards are essential to protect workers
from injury.
Industrial Hygiene
RULE 1070
Rule 1070 (occupational health and environment control) of the occupational safety and health
standard establishes the threshold limit values for toxic and carcinogenic substances and
physical agents that may be present in the atmosphere of the work environment. Threshold
limit values (TLV) are airborne concentration of the substances and represent conditions under
which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed daily without adverse
effect.

Industrial Hygienist
The science and the art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of
environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness,
impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and efficiency among workers or
citizens of the community.

Industrial Hygienist
A person who’s study , training, and experience can:
Anticipate
Recognize
Evaluate
Control workplace environment

Industrial Hygienist
Mainly to protect the health of the employees, to maintain an objective toward the recognition,
evaluation and control of health hazards regardless of external influences, realizing that the
health and welfare of workers and others may depend upon the industrial hygienist professional
judgment, to counsel employees regarding the health hazards and the necessary precautions to
avoid adverse health effects, to respect confidences, advise honestly and report findings and
recommendations accurately,.
Role of the safety officer in the
Industrial Hygiene program
After the industrial hygienist surveys the plant, makes recommendations and suggests certain
control measures, the responsibility to see to it that the control measures are being applied and
followed belongs to the safety officer.
Role of Occupational Health Physician in
Industrial Hygienist program
The Industrial Hygienist effectively provides information about the manufacturing operations
of the company to its medical department.
Control Measures for OSH Hazards
Control measures include actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the
hazard, or the control measure could be to remove the hazard or to reduce the likelihood of the
risk of the exposure to that hazard being realised.

A simple control measure would be the secure guarding of moving parts of machinery
eliminating the potential for contact. When we look at control measures we often refer to the
hierarchy of control measures.
Heirarchy of Control Measures
Substitute the hazard with a lesser risk
Substituting the hazard may not remove all of the hazards associated with the process or
activity and may introduce different hazards but the overall harm or health effects will be
lessened. In laboratory research, toluene is now often used as a substitute for benzene. The
solvent-properties of the two are similar but toluene is less toxic and is not categorised as a
carcinogen although toluene can cause severe neurological harm.
Eliminate the hazard
Elimination of the hazard is not always achievable though it does totally remove the hazard
and thereby eliminates the risk of exposure. An example of this would be that petrol station
attendants in Ireland are no longer exposed to the risk of chronic lead poisoning following the
removal of lead from petrol products sold at forecourts.
Isolate the hazard
Isolating the hazard is achieved by restricting access to plant and equipment or in the case of
substances locking them away under strict controls. When using certain chemicals then a fume
cupboard can isolate the hazard from the person, similarly placing noisy equipment in a non-
accessible enclosure or room isolates the hazard from the person(s).
Engineering controls
Engineering Controls involve redesigning a process to place a barrier between the person and
the hazard or remove the hazard from the person, such as machinery guarding, proximity
guarding, extraction systems or removing the operator to a remote location away from the
hazard.
Administrative controls
Administrative controls include adopting standard operating procedures or safe work practices
or providing appropriate training, instruction or information to reduce the potential for harm
and/or adverse health effects to person(s). Isolation and permit to work procedures are
examples of administrative controls.
Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment (PPE) include gloves, glasses, earmuffs, aprons, safety
footwear, dust masks which are designed to reduce exposure to the hazard. PPE is usually seen
as the last line of defence and is usually used in conjunction with one or more of the other
control measures. An example of the weakness of this control measure is that it is widely
recognised that single-use dust masks cannot consistently achieve and maintain an effective
facepiece-to-face seal, and cannot be adequately fit-tested and do not offer much,
Occupational Health
Occupational health is a field of health care made up of multiple disciplines dedicated to the
well-being and safety of employees in the workplace. It has a strong focus on injury prevention
and employee education. Occupational health services include employee wellness, pre-
placement testing, ergonomics, occupational therapy, occupational medicine, and more.
Is Occupational Health Important?
The whole objective of Occupational Safety and Health is to prevent diseases, injuries, and
deaths that are due to working conditions; no one should have to su_er a job related injury or
disease because of their employment.
significant changes are constantly occurring in the workplace for example:

Longer working hours

Compacted working weeks
Decreased job security
The pressure of working weekends to catch up for the week ahead
& More people are being employed on a temporary basis
All these factors add to stress and sadly are now realities of the modern workplace, which
consequently puts increasing pressure on Occupational Health because employment affects the
health and lives of workers.
Personal Protective Equipment
is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect
the wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards addressed by protective equipment
include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.
Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational safety and health purposes
Is PPE Important?
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards
when engineering controls and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce
these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the
serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at the source and may result in employees
being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails
Making the workplace safe includes providing instructions, procedures, training and
supervision to encourage people to work safely and responsibly.
Even where engineering controls and safe systems of work have been applied, some hazards
might remain. These include injuries to:

the head and feet, eg from falling materials

the eyes, eg from flying particles or splashes of corrosive liquids
the skin, eg from contact with corrosive materials
the body, eg from extremes of heat or cold

PPE is needed in these cases to reduce the risk.

Types of PPE
Personal protective equipment can be categorized by the area of the body protected, by the
types of hazard, and by the type of garment or accessory.

Respirators
Respirators serve to protect the user from breathing in contaminants in the air, thus preserving
the health of one's respiratory tract. There are two main types of respirators. One type of
respirator functions by filtering out chemicals and gases, or airborne particles, from the air
breathed by the user
Skin protection
Any form of PPE that acts as a barrier between the skin and the agent of exposure can be
considered skin protection. Because much work is done with the hands, gloves are an essential
item in providing skin protection. Some examples of gloves commonly used as PPE
include rubber gloves, cut-resistant gloves, chainsaw gloves and heat-resistant gloves. For
sports and other recreational activities, many different gloves are used for protection, generally
against mechanical trauma.
Eye protection
type of personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to prevent injury to the eye.
 Eyes are easily injured by many things such as small particles, chemicals, biological agents,
strong visible light and non-visible rays. Eyes should be protected by using appropriate eye
protection
Hearing protection
devices used to protect the ear, either externally from elements such as cold, intrusion
by water and other environmental conditions, debris, or specifically from noise. High levels of
exposure to noise may result in noise-induced hearing loss. Measures to protect the ear are
referred to as hearing protection, and devices for that purpose are called hearing protection
devices.
OSH Programming
a definite plan of action designed to prevent accidents and occupational diseases. Some form
of a program is required under occupational health and safety legislation in most jurisdictions.
A health and safety program must include the elements required by the health and safety
legislation as a minimum.
Programming Elements
While organizations will have different needs and scope for specific elements required in their
health and safety program, the following basic items should be considered in each case:
Program Elements
Individual responsibility.
Joint occupational health and safety committee.
Health and safety rules.
Correct work procedures.
Employee orientation.
Training.

Workplace inspections.
Reporting and investigating accidents/incidents.
Emergency procedures.
Medical and first aid.
Health and safety promotion.
Workplace specific items.

Training of Personnel on OSH

aims at improving the capability, capacity, and performance of staff, leading to safe and health-
oriented behaviour, often linked directly to specific tasks. Education in contrast refers much
more generally to the ‘process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated
knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to another
Training should first of all start with a needs assessment, identifying the problems to be
addressed.

Training is not only something the employer has to provide but also something the worker has
to take seriously. The directive states under ‘Workers’ obligations’.

Training Courses

OSH Legislation
OSH Related Laws
Commonwealth Act No.104
Commonwealth Act No.104
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 104 - AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE SECRETARY OF LABOR
TO PROMULGATE AND ENFORCE RULES, REGULATIONS, AND ORDERS FOR THE
SAFETY OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN MINES, QUARRIES, METALLURGICAL
OPERATIONS AND OTHER ENTERPRISES
Section 1. The Secretary of Labor is hereby authorized to promulgate and enforce rules,
regulations, and orders to establish safety standards and otherwise to promote and increase the
safety of laborers and employees in mines, quarries or metallurgical operations and other
industrial enterprises, against danger of injury, or disease: Provided, That whenever, in the
opinion of the Secretary of Labor, the enforcement of any rule, regulation, or order may prove
detrimental to the normal operation of the enterprises enumerated herein, he may make
exemptions which he shall revoke when conditions warrant such revocation.
Section2. For the proper enforcement of this Act, the Secretary of Labor shall appoint one
Senior Safety Engineer, who shall be a duly licensed mining, mechanical or naval engineer
possessing not less than four years experience in actual practice in the Philippines, and one
Junior Safety Engineer, who shall be a duly licensed mining or mechanical engineer possessing
experience of not less than two years. The said engineers shall aid the Secretary of Labor in
establishing safety standards and perform other duties which the Secretary may prescribe from
time to time.
Section3. It shall be the duty of every person, partnership, association, company, firm or
corporation, engaged in mining, quarrying, metallurgical operation or any other industrial
enterprise, to give every facility to the Safety Engineers mentioned in the preceding section
and other agents whom the Secretary of Labor may designate for the inspection of works,
processes, and any other unit of the industrial enterprise, and otherwise facilitate the
performance of their duties imposed by the provisions of this Act.
Section4. Every person, partnership, association, company, firm or corporation mentioned in
section three hereof shall, for the protection of all its laborers and employees against accident
or diseases, provide reasonable and approved safety devices, tools and appliances in
accordance with the rules, regulations and orders promulgated pursuant to this Act.
Section5. An Advisory Safety Council is hereby created which shall be composed of the
Undersecretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative, as chairman, one mining
engineer to be designated by the mining operators, one representative of other industrial
undertakings to be designated by industrial concerns, one representative of industrial accident
insurance companies, one representative of the public, the last two to be designated by the
Secretary of Labor. The Council shall serve for two years without compensation, and shall
advise the Secretary of Labor in the formulation of safety orders, rules and regulations, safety
devices and safety standards, designed to safeguard the health and lives of workers in mining
and other industrial operations.

Section6. A violation of any of the provisions of this Act or any of the orders, rules, and
regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, shall subject the manager, superintendent or other
officer directly concerned to a fine of not less than fifty pesos nor more than five hundred
pesos, or to imprisonment for not less than ten days nor more than six months, or both, in the
discretion of the court.
Section7. To carry out the purposes of this Act, there is hereby appropriated, out of any funds
in the Philippine Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of eight thousand pesos for
salaries, wages, and other expenses necessary for the enforcement hereof: Provided, That the
Senior Safety Engineer shall receive a salary of three thousand six hundred pesos per annum,
and the Junior Safety Engineer, three thousand pesos per annum: Provided, further, That
subsequent appropriations for the enforcement of this Act shall be included in the General
Appropriation Act.

Section8. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

OSH Related Laws
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7920

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A MORE RESPONSIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE

REGULATION FOR THE PRACTICE, LICENSING, AND REGISTRATION OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS AND ELECTRICIANS.
Republic Act No. 8495
An Act Regulating the Practice of Mechanical Engineering in the Philippines

Amended Commonwealth Act No. 294.

An Act to regulate the practice of mechanical engineering in the Philippines, to provide for
licensing the operating personnel in mechanical plants and for other purposes.
Philippine constitution

Constitutional Mandate to safeguard the worker’s social and economic well-being as well as
his physical safety and health.
Labor Code of the Philippines
PRESIDENTIAL DEGREE NO. 442, AS AMENDED

A DEGREE INSTITUTING A LABOR CODE THEREBY REVISING AND

CONSOLIDATING LABOR AND SOCIAL LAWS TO AFFORD PROTECTION TO
LABOR, PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
AND ENSURE INDUSTRIAL PEACE BASED ON SOCIAL JUSTICE

END

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