Rev Report C Block GCRG Lko

SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR
Multi Storey Building

‘C-BLOCK’
At G.C.R.G., LUCKNOW
INDEX
01.00 INTRODUCTION
02.00 WORK SCOPE
03.00 LOCATION & PERIOD OF INVESTIGATIONS
04.00 SITE INVESTIGATIONS & IN-SITU TESTS
05.00 SAMPLING
06.00 LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
07.00 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH
08.00 BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
09.00 POSITION OF WATER TABLE
10.00 GENERAL NATURE OF THE UNDERNEATH SOIL
11.00 SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
12.00 LIMITATIONS
ANNEXURE
I Details of the IS Code regarding Bearing Capacity

on Shear Consideration
II Recorded Values of the SPT
III Bore Log chart
IV Sample calculation for Safe Bearing capacity
V Laboratory results
VI Particle Size Distribution curves
VII Plate Load Test Results
VIII Load Vs Settlement Curve
IX Bore Hole Location Layout Plan
01.00 INTRODUCTION:
For the proposed 7-Storey building, named C-BLOCK’
the necessity for Geo-Technical investigation is felt for
design and proportion of foundation. Accordingly the
investigation is assigned to our concern G.B.S. ENGINEERS,
1 & 2, Bilal market, Near Forest Check Post, Khadri,
Sitapur road, Lucknow.
02.00 WORK SCOPE:

In all three points, each of 16.00M depth are taken
up for investigation. In addition one Plate Load Test is
also taken up for determination of Modulus of Subgrade
Reaction. Accordingly, based on test results, making
suitable recommendation for foundation. The field testing
such as Standard Penetration Test and recording of Water
Table was carried out, including conduction of Plate Load
Test and soil samples were collected for determination of
Index properties. The Layout plan for the bore hole
location and Plate Load Test is enclosed with the report.
03.00 LOCATION & PERIOD OF INVESTIGATIONS:

The site of work is a plot measuring nearly 60Mx21M
is proposed for the building. The location of investigation
point and the Plate Load Test is marked on the attached
plan. The investigations and testing has been conducted in
the third quarter of the month of October’ 2010.
04.00 SITE INVESTIGATIONS & IN-SITU TESTS

The investigation at the site itself included the
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the observation of
water table for the exploratory points while Plate Load
Test is conducted and corresponding recording of
measurement is also taken at the field itself.
05.00 SAMPLING
The disturbed samples have been at every meter depth
while undisturbed samples are taken at regular interval of
1.50M and only those samples were taken up for testing
which were found to be appropriate in terms of disturbance.
The Thin walled Sampler as per IS:2132-1972 was used for
extracting undisturbed soil samples.
06.00 LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
The selected Disturbed and Un-disturbed samples
collected from the site were tested for the following Index
properties in the laboratory:
1. Sieve analysis
2. Atterberg’s limits
3. Natural moisture content
4. Bulk density
5. Particle Size Analysis
6. Specific gravity
7. c & Φ test or Tri-axial compression Test
8. Consolidation test
9. Testing for harmful salts
07.00 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH

The bearing capacity of shallow foundations has been
worked out on two considerations, firstly, the foundations
should be safe against shear failure as per IS: 6403-1981
and, secondly, foundations should be safe against excessive
settlement as per IS: 1904-1978. The depth of foundation is
governed by para 4.2, sub-para 4.2.1(d) of IS: 1080-1980.
Investigations have been carried out in reference to Indian
Standard Specifications. The minimum value of results for
evaluation of Safe Bearing capacity has been considered.
08.00 BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATIONS

Bearing Capacity have been evaluated in terms of the
provisions of IS code and a factor of safety 3 has been
considered.
09.00 POSITION OF WATER TABLE

The water table is encountered at around 12.60M.
10.00 GENERAL NATURE OF UNDERNEATH SOIL

Three investigation points coupled with one plate
load test are undertaken. Exploratory points, being 16.00M
deep from existing ground surface. While Plate Load Test is
conducted at the level of 1.00M from existing Ground level.
On the basis of attached bore log chart and results of
samples collected from site an opinion could be framed
regarding general nature and type of soil. It is found that
the underneath soil is primarily consisting of silty clay
of CL group from the top till 5.00M level passed. It is
being of low plasticity with liquid limit remaining limited
to 35% and Plasticity index more than 7. Further it is also
observed that this silty clay layer is containing
appreciable percentage of kankars in its lower portion
while kankars are almost absent in the top 1.50M portion.
After the silty clay layer the coarse grained soil
conforming to silty sand and SM group starting emerging
which continues till around 13.00M level. The percentage of
fines in this layer being remained more than 12%. Finally
the silty clay layer of medium plasticity, conforming to CI
group, starts from here onwards and continues till the end
of investigation. The deep layer is having the plasticity
index more than 7 but liquid limit varying In the range of
35% to 50% and hence making it silty clay of medium
plasticity. The moisture content is increasing in the
downward direction, initially at slow pace but at faster
rate as the investigation level reaches the water table.
The water table is found to exist at the depth of 12.60M.
The SPT value are found to be reasonable in the upper
portion, but as the soil being clayey the settlement would
be the function of cohesion values
11.00 SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:

On the basis of investigation, bearing resistance of
underneath soil at proposed site could be assessed. The
investigations have been conducted at three points each
being 16.00M deep. As per sample calculations for isolated
footing of 1.00Mx1.00m size, the values of safe bearing
capacities are being tabulated here-as-under.
Bore Hole No.-1

Square Depth of Allowable Bearing pressure T/m2
footing open Shear Settlement Recommended
(m) foundation consideration consideration
1.0x1.0 1.50 9.49 8.87 8.87
1.0x1.0 1.75 10.45 10.19 10.19
1.0x1.0 2.00 11.20 11.34 11.20
1.0x1.0 4.00 18.45 14.55 14.55
Further under the revised proposal, the provision for

one basement has been incorporated. The height of basement
is tentatively proposed to be 3.00M. Further, out of this
3.00M height 0.75 m is exposed over the land and the
remaining 2.75m would be under ground. Thus from this floor
level i.e. 2.25m below GL, the footing depth is proposed to
be placed at a further depth of 1.75m. Thus the overall
depth of footing would be 4.00m depth from the lowest level
of existing ground. Accordingly the bearing capacity
calculations are also carried out for the level also.
It is observed from sample calculations that the
bearing capacity is increasing with increase in depth on
account of shear criterion as well as controlled settlement
criterion. However the variation is not proportionate. At
the depth of 1.50m and 1.75m, the values of bearing
capacities being higher based on shear criterion while
these higher in terms of controlled settlement criterion.
And the least values out of two criterions should be
adopted. In the present case of multi storey building, a
safe bearing capacity of 10.19 T/m2 at 1.75m depth or 11.20
T/m2 at 2.00m depth from the existing ground level may be
adopted. In case the provision for basement, of 3.00m
height, out of which 0.75m is exposed over the existing
ground level, is also made, than a safe bearing capacity of
14.55 T/m2 may be adopted at the depth of 4.00M below
existing ground level. Accordingly Isolated or, as a better
alternate, Raft foundation is suggested. In case bearing
capacity is required at some other depth or for some other
type of footing, safe bearing capacity may accordingly be
evaluated. It is to be noted that the above values of safe
bearing capacities are corresponding to the lowest level of
plot of land. It is further suggested that one P.C.C.
flexible layer in suitable mix proportion must be laid
below the footing level after proper ramming the sub
surface soil to ensure better output.
(TAZEEN KHAN) (Er. M. T. KHAN)

Proprietor Rtd. Suptt Engineer
GBS ENGINEERS UP Irrigation
Department
12.00 LIMITATIONS:
Every technical investigation work is always has its
own boundaries within which it is applicable. Therefore a
number of assumptions are made for arriving at practicable
inference. Some of these may or may not be in the control
of investigator, while others depend on other factor.
However all possible afford have been made to ensure good
work for the building in question. The present report has
been prepared with utmost care with respect to
investigations, and the consequent recommendations within
the framework of IS specifications. But still it has got
the following limitations, which are beyond the control of
any engineer, and depends only on the given conditions.
1. Present report is based on results of investigations

carried out by manual auguring and pressure boring and the
report, and corresponding recommendations, are based on
these values.
2. The natural moisture content of the soil is an important
property and is an instant characteristic and changes from
time to time depending upon the surface drainage conditions
as well as surface recharge and ground water recharge
conditions. As such value of natural water content
represents the values at the given level at the time of
investigations which would vary in the coming months.
3. The most important field test, Standard Penetration Test
has been carried out at site to assess in-situ penetration
resistance of soil on existing conditions which may vary
under different moisture contents.
4. The average value of particle size, as per IS code, have
been considered as such all particles falling in the range
of one mesh size to the next shall pass through the
opening. And the assumption is well permissible in
accordance with the IS Code.
5. Only those values have used which are reliable and those
giving absurd results are neglected. Further failed or
slipped soil samples has not been considered laboratory
testing and furthermore only selected soil samples are
subjected to laboratory testing.
6. The type of foundation has been considered as open square
foundation of unit size i.e. 1.00Mx1.00M. The bearing
capacity at various levels namely, 1.50M, 1.75M, 2.00M and
4.00M has been evaluated for the sake of sample
calculations. However different footing size and shape may
also be considered at these levels too, which will result
in different bearing capacity.
ANNEXURE - I
BEARING CAPACITY ON SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS:
In case of local shear failures, following formula is
recommended, as per IS:6403-1981, para 5.1.2
qd’= c.Nc.sc.dc.ic. + q(Nq-1).sq.dq.iq + 0.5 B.r.sr.dr.ir.W'
where,
qd’ = Ultimate net bearing capacity.
q = Effective overburden.
Nc’ Nq’ & Nr’ = Bearing capacity factors
Sc’ Sq’ & Sr’ = Shape Factors
dc’ dq’ & dr’ = Depth factors
ic’ iq’ & ir’ = Inclination factors
W' = Water table correction factor
SQUARE FOOTING:
The values of shape factors for isolated square footing as
per IS:6403-1981 are as follows:
Sc = 1.30
Sq = 1.20
Sr = 0.80
The values of depth factors for the footing are given by

the following formula, as per code
dc = 1.0 + 0.2 Df/B. No

dq = dr = 1.0 + 0.1 Df/B. No for ф < 10o
= 1.0 for ф > 10o
where,
No = Square of tan (45+ ф/2)
Df = Depth of footing.
B = Width or Diameter.
Inclination factors for the footing considering the general

ground as leveled i.e. α as 00.
Ic = iq = Square of (1- α/90)

Ir = Square of (1- α/90)
The values of bearing capacity factors are given in Table

(1) pp. 08 under the para 5.1.1.
SETTLEMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
The safe bearing capacity pressure is to be so restricted
that it neither exceeds the net bearing capacity on shear
consideration, nor does it results in settlement exceeding
the permissible values as per Indian Standard Code of
Practice.
For non-cohesive strata, the settlement is worked out on

the basis of Standard Penetration Test values in accordance
with IS: 8009 (Part I). The settlement of non cohesive
soils takes place rather quickly immediately after the
application of load. In most of the cases the immediate
settlement is the final settlement. In such cases it is not
possible to obtain the stress-strain characteristics of the
in-situ soil and hence the semi-empirical methods are used.
The standard penetration test could be used for the
determination of settlement on such soils. IS:8009 (Part I)
gives a chart for the calculation of settlement per unit
pressure as a function of the width of footing and the
standard penetration number.
The settlement under any pressure is computed assuming that

the settlement is proportional to the intensity of pressure.
In case of cohesive strata, the settlement is worked out by

the following formula,
S = Cc. H (log10 (po + p)/po)/(1+eo)
where,
s = settlement.
Cc = Compression Index.
eo = Void ratio for pressure po.
p = Original pressure at mid point of clay layer.
Po = Change in pressure at mid depth of clay layer.
H = Thickness of clay layer under consideration.
The total settlement is the sum of initial and

consolidation settlement.
ANNEXURE - II
VALUES OF STANDARD PENETRATION TEST
(Recorded Values with Due Corrections)
Site Name : C-Block, G.C.R.G., Lucknow.

Client : G.C.R.G., Lucknow.
DEPTH Bore Hole-01 Bore Hole-02 Bore Hole-03

(Meters) N1 N2 N3 N' N1 N2 N3 N' N1 N2 N3 N'
01.35-01.80 03 03 04 07 03 03 04 07 03 03 04 07
02.85-03.30 03 04 04 08 03 04 05 09 03 04 05 09
04.35-04.85 03 04 05 09 04 04 05 09 05 05 06 11
05.85-06.30 04 05 06 11 04 05 06 11 04 05 06 11
07.35-07.85 04 06 07 13 04 05 05 10 05 06 07 13
08.85-09.30 04 05 07 12 05 06 07 13 05 06 08 14
10.35-10.80 05 06 07 13 05 07 07 14 06 07 08 15
11.85-12.30 06 07 07 14 05 07 07 14 07 07 07 14
13.35-13.85 05 07 08 15 06 07 08 15 07 08 07 15
14.85-15.30 05 07 08 15 07 07 09 16 06 08 09 17
GBS ENGINEES
ANNEXURE – IV
(SAMPLE CALCULATIONS)
Site Name : C-Block, G.C.R.G., Lucknow.
BORE HOLE No. - 1

As underlying soil is cohesive for considerable depth
Cohesion c : 00.13 kg/cm2
Av. of angle of friction φ : 14.00 Degrees.
Water Table Correction factor, W’: 01.00
Voids Ratio e : 00.670
Since value of actual void ratio comes out to be within the

range of 0.55-0.75, hence mixed failure shall take place.
A. Square footing of Size 1.00Mx1.00M at 1.50M Depth:
FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS:

GENERAL SHEAR FAILURE: Average value of effective overburden
comes out,
q = 1.50 x (1.61/10)
= 0.2415 kg/cm2.
Shape factors for square footing are,

Sc = 1.30 Sq = 1.20 Sr = 0.80
Depth factors, for square footing of size 1.00Mx1.00M placed

at a depth of 1.50M from bed level are,
dc = 1.0 + 0.2x(Df/B).tan (450 + φ /2)
= 1.0 + 0.2x(1.50/1).tan (450 + 140/2)
= 1.3840
dq & dr = 1.1920
The inclination factors are,

Ic = 1.0 iq = 1.0 ir = 1.0
The bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, and Nr for general shear
failure are obtained by linear interpolation corresponding
to the values of angle of internal friction as 140, from the
values of φ =100 and 150.
Nc’ = 10.98 - (10.98 – 8.35) x 1.0/5
= 10.98 - 0.5260 = 10.4540
Nq’ = 3.94 - (3.94 – 2.47) x 1.0/5
= 3.94 – 0.2940 = 3.6460
Nr’ = 2.65 - (2.65 – 1.22) x 1.0/5
= 2.65 – 0.286 = 2.364
As the water table is lying at a level beyond the effective
zone of influence, hence Water Table Correction Factor,
W' = 1.00
Net ultimate bearing capacity as per IS code, for general
shear failure, is given as follows,
qd = 0.13 x 10.454 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.3840
+ 0.2415 x (3.646 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.1920 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.61 x 2.364 x 0.8 x 1.1920x1.0x1.0)/10
= 2.445148784 + 0.914038473 + 0.181471987
= 3.540659244 Kg/cm2
= 35.4065924 Tonnes/m2
= 35.41 Tonnes/m2 (say)
Considering a factor of safety as 3.00 the net safe bearing

capacity works out as follows,
= 35.41/3.0
= 11.8033 Tonnes/m2
LOCAL SHEAR FAILURE:

The bearing capacity factors are obtained on the basis of
Mobilized values of 140 as follows;
φ = tan-1 (0.667 x tan φ )
= tan-1 (0.667 x tan 140) = 9.440
Hence mobilized values of bearing capacity factors Nc’, Nq’,

and Nr’ by linear interpolation corresponding to the values
of angle of internal friction, φ =50 and 100.
Nc’ = 8.35 - (8.35 – 6.49) x 0.56/5
= 8.35 - 0.208 = 8.142
Nq’ = 2.47 - (2.47 – 1.57) x 0.56/5
= 2.47 – 0.101 = 2.369
Nr’ = 1.22 - (1.22 – 0.45) x 0.56/5
= 1.22 – 0.086 = 1.134
Considering the same values shape factor, depth factor, etc.

as before Net ultimate bearing capacity as per IS code, for
local shear failure, is given as follows,
qd = 0.13 x 8.142 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.3840

+ 0.2415 x (2.369 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.1920 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.61 x 1.134 x 0.8 x1.1920x1.0 x1.0)/10
= 1.904381232 + 0.392732555 + 0.087051283
= 2.38416507 Kg/cm2
= 23.8416507 Tonnes/m2
= 23.84 Tonnes/m2
Considering a factor of safety as 3.00 the net safe bearing

capacity works out as follows,
= 23.84/3.0
= 7.94667 Tonnes/m2
Actual value of safe bearing capacity could be evaluated by

linear interpolation corresponding to actual void ratio.
Hence, Safe value of bearing capacity

= 11.80 - {(11.80-7.95)/(0.75-0.55)} x (0.67-0.55)
= 11.80 - (3.85/0.2) x 0.12
= 11.80 – 2.310 = 9.49 T/m2
Let us adopt the value of safe bearing capacity as 9.49 T/m 2

for isolated square footing of unit size placed at 1.50M
below existing GL.
B. Square footing of Size 1.00Mx1.00M at 1.75M Depth:

comes out,
q = 1.75 x (1.61/10)
= 0.2818 kg/cm2.

Sc = 1.30 Sq = 1.20 Sr = 0.80

dc = 1.0 + 0.2x(Df/B).tan (450 + φ /2)
= 1.0 + 0.2x(1.75/1).tan (450 + 140/2)
= 1.4480
dq & dr = 1.2240

Ic = 1.0 iq = 1.0 ir = 1.0
Considering values of bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, and Nr

for general shear failure for φ =140 as before.
Nc’ = 10.4540 Nq’ = 3.6460 Nr’ = 2.364
Water Table Correction Factor, W' = 1.00

qd = 0.13 x 10.454 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.4480

+ 0.2818 x (3.646 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.2240 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.61 x 2.364 x 0.8 x 1.2240x1.0x1.0)/10
= 2.58048804 + 1.095200145 + 0.186343718
= 3.862031903 Kg/cm2
= 38.62031903 Tonnes/m2
With F.O.S. as 3.00, safe bearing capacity works out as,

= 38.62/3.0
= 12.87333 Tonnes/m2

φ = tan-1 (0.667 x tan φ )
= tan-1 (0.667 x tan 140) = 9.440
Considering mobilized values of bearing capacity factors for

φ =9.440 as before
Nc’ = 8.142 Nq’ = 2.369 Nr’ = 1.134

qd = 0.13 x 8.142 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.4480

+ 0.2818 x (2.369 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.2240 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.61 x 1.134 x 0.8 x1.2240x1.0 x1.0)/10
= 1.992445104 + 0.566639833 + 0.08938823
= 2.648473167 Kg/cm2
= 26.48473167 Tonnes/m2
= 26.49 Tonnes/m2

= 26.49/3.0
= 8.83 Tonnes/m2


= 12.87 - {(12.87-8.83)/(0.75-0.55)} x (0.67-0.55)
= 12.87 - (4.04/0.2) x 0.12
= 12.87 – 2.424 = 10.446 T/m2
below existing GL.
C. Square footing of Size 1.00Mx1.00M at 2.00M Depth:

comes out,
q = 2.00 x (1.61/10)
= 0.322 kg/cm2.
where,
Sc = 1.30 Sq = 1.20 Sr = 0.80

dc = 1.0 + 0.2x(Df/B).tan (450 + φ /2)
= 1.0 + 0.2x(2.00/1).tan (450 + 140/2)
= 1.5120
dq & dr = 1.2560

Ic = 1.0 iq = 1.0 ir = 1.0
Considering values of bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, and Nr

for general shear failure for φ =140 as before.
Nc’ = 10.4540 Nq’ = 3.6460 Nr’ = 2.364

qd = 0.13 x 10.454 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.5120
+ 0.3220 x (3.646 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.2560 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.61 x 2.364 x 0.8 x 1.2560x1.0x1.0)/10
= 2.671289712 + 1.284152486 + 0.191215449
= 4.146657648 Kg/cm2
= 41.46657648 Tonnes/m2

= 41.47/3.0
= 13.82333 Tonnes/m2

φ = tan-1 (0.667 x tan φ )
= tan-1 (0.667 x tan 140) = 9.440

φ =9.440 as before
Nc’ = 8.142 Nq’ = 2.369 Nr’ = 1.134
qd = 0.13 x 8.142 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.5120

+ 0.3220 x (2.369 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.2560 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.61 x 1.134 x 0.8 x1.2560x1.0 x1.0)/10
= 2.080508976 + 0.664400889 + 0.091725177
= 2.836635043 Kg/cm2
= 28.36635043 Tonnes/m2
= 28.37 Tonnes/m2

= 28.37/3.0
= 9.456667 Tonnes/m2


= 13.82 - {(13.82-9.46)/(0.75-0.55)} x (0.67-0.55)
= 13.82 - (4.36/0.2) x 0.12
= 13.82 – 2.6160 = 11.204 T/m2

below existing GL.
D. Square footing of Size 1.00Mx1.00M at 4.00M Depth:

Cohesion c : 00.14 kg/cm2
Av. of angle of friction φ : 15.00 Degrees.
Water Table Correction factor, W’: 01.00
Voids Ratio e : 00.71
Since value of actual void ratio comes out to be within the

range of 0.55-0.75, hence mixed failure shall take place.

comes out,
q = 4.00 x (1.62/10)
= 0.6480 kg/cm2.
where, Shape factors for square footing are,

Sc = 1.30 Sq = 1.20 Sr = 0.80
dc = 1.0 + 0.2x(Df/B).tan (450 + φ /2)
= 1.0 + 0.2x(4.00/1).tan (450 + 150/2)
= 2.0426
dq & dr = 1.5213

Ic = 1.0 iq = 1.0 ir = 1.0
Bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, and Nr for general shear

failure corresponding to values of angle of internal
friction as 150,
Nc’ = 10.98 Nq’ = 3.94 Nr’ = 2.65

qd = 0.14 x 10.980 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 2.0426
+ 0.6480 x (3.940 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.5213 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.62 x 2.650 x 0.8 x 1.5213x1.0x1.0)/10
= 4.081850136 + 3.477910867 + 0.261237636
= 7.820998639 Kg/cm2
= 78.20998639 Tonnes/m2

= 78.21/3.0
= 26.07 Tonnes/m2

φ = tan-1 (0.667 x tan φ )
= tan-1 (0.667 x tan 150) = 10.1330
= 100 (say)

φ =100 from IS code,
Nc’ = 8.35 Nq’ = 2.47 Nr’ = 1.22
Considering depth factors as before,

dc = 2.0426
dq & dr = 1.5213
Ic = 1.0 iq = 1.0 ir = 1.0
qd = 0.14 x 8.350 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 2.0426
+ 0.6480 x (2.470 - 1) x 1.2 x 1.5213 x 1.0
+ (0.5 x 1.00 x 1.62 x 1.220 x 0.8 x1.5213x1.0 x1.0)/10
= 3.10413922 + 1.738955434 + 0.120267892
= 4.963362547 Kg/cm2
= 49.63362547 Tonnes/m2
= 49.63 Tonnes/m2
= 49.63/3.0
= 16.54333 Tonnes/m2


= 26.07 - {(26.07-16.54)/(0.75-0.55)}x(0.71-0.55)
= 26.07 - (9.53/0.2) x 0.16
= 26.07 – 7.624 = 18.446 T/m2

below existing GL.
FROM SETTLEMENT CONSIDERATIONS:

Top soil is clayey, consisting of silty clay (CL) for nearly
5.50m depth. Allowable settlement is considered to be as
65mm, as per IS:1904-1966. Thus when footing is placed at a
1.50m depth, remaining thickness of silty clay layer would
be 4.00m followed by coarse grained soil layer. Settlement
of foundation is to be evaluated as per para 9.2.3 as laid
down in IS:8009 (Part-I)-1976. Total settlement, (Sf), will
consist of immediate settlement, (Si) and consolidation
settlement (Sc).
Assuming clayey soil strata to be consisting of two layers

each of 2.00M thickness.
FOOTING LEVEL – 1.50M

Ist CL-LAYER OF 2.00M THICK & FOOTING PLACED AT 1.50M DEPTH:
Thickness of silty clay layer = 5.50M
Depth of foundation = 1.50M
Effective thickness below = 5.50 – 1.50 = 4.00M
Foundation.
Stress intensity at the base of footing will equal to

bearing strength on shear failure criteria i.e. 9.49 T/m2.
Initial pressure on top of First CL-Layer i.e. footing base

α1 = (1.50) x 1.61 = 2.415 T/m2.
Pressure increase on top of First CL-Layer i.e. footing base,

(Δα)t = 9.49 T/m2
Pressure increase at middle of First CL-Layer,

(Δα)m = 9.49/(1.00+1.00x2) = 3.1633 T/m2.
Pressure increase at bottom of the First CL-Layer,
(Δα)b = 9.49 /(1.00+2.00x2) = 1.8980 T/m2
Average pressure increase at the center of First CL-Layer

(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b ]
= (1/6) x (9.49 + 4x3.1633 + 1.8980)
= 4.006866 T/m2
Therefore, settlement of this layer is given as

= (0.154)/(1+0.67) x 2.00 x log10 [(2.415+4.0069)/2.415]
= 0.092215568 x 2.00 x 0.424746403
= 0.078336462 m = 78.34 mm
Consolidation settlement of First layer, Sc = 78.34 mm
IInd CL-LAYER OF 2.00M THICK & FOOTING PLACED AT 1.50M DEPTH:

Initial pressure on top of Second CL-Layer i.e. footing base

α1 = (3.500) x 1.61 = 5.635 T/m2.
Pressure increase on top of Second CL-Layer i.e. base of

First layer,
(Δα)t = 1.8980 T/m2
Pressure increase at middle of Second CL-Layer,

(Δα)m = 1.8980/(5.00+1.00x2) = 0.2711 T/m2.
Pressure increase at bottom of the Second CL-Layer,

(Δα)b = 1.8980/(5.00+2.00x2) = 0.2109 T/m2
Average pressure increase at the center of Second CL-Layer
(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b ]
= (1/6) x (1.8980 + 4x0.2711 + 0.2109)
= 0.5322 T/m2

= (0.154)/(1+0.67) x 2.00 x log10[(5.635+0.5322)/5.635)]
= 0.092215568 x 2.00 x 0.039194112
= 0.00722861460 m = 7.23 mm
Consolidation settlement of second layer, Sc = 7.23 mm

Total consolidation settlement of both layers,
= 78.34 + 7.23 mm = 85.57 mm
Now, immediate settlement may be determined from the

following formula
Si = (qn B)/E x (1-μ2) x Ip
Assuming E = 650 T/m2, μ = 0.3, and from IS table Ip = 1.12
Immediate settlement, Si = [(9.49x1.00)/650] x (1-0.32)x1.12

= 0.01488032 m = 14.88 mm
Hence, combined consolidation & immediate settlement will be

= 85.57 + 14.88 = 100.45 mm
Settlement of subsequent layer i.e. sandy soil layer could

be determined based on stress coming over it from silty clay
layer resting over it vis-à-vis SPT values as follows
The pressure at the sandy soil layer is 0.2109 T/m2

The SPT value at this level is 8.
As per IS:8009(Part-I)-1976, settlement for unit pressure,

1.0 kg/cm2 (or 10 T/ m2) corresponding to SPT value of 8 is
4.0cm i.e. 40mm, hence the settlement corresponding to
= (40/10) x 0.2109
= 0.8436 mm = 0.84 mm
Whence total foundation settlement will be = 100.45+0.84 mm

= 101.29 mm
Considering depth correction as 0.85 and rigidity correction
as 0.8, the value of total settlement fall to
= 101.29x0.85x0.80 = 69.5572 mm = 69.56 mm
Further settlement is exceeding the permissible limit hence

in order to control the settlement the bearing capacity
should fall. For a settlement of 57.23mm safe bearing
capacity comes out to be 9.49 T/m2 and hence the safe value
of bearing capacity corresponding to maximum settlement of
65mm will be given as follows:
= (9.49/69.56) x 65
= 8.8679 T/m2 = 8.87 T/m2 (say)
Hence, based on controlled settlement, adopt safe value

bearing capacity as 8.87 T/m2 at a depth of 1.50M from
existing level of ground.
Effective Thickness below = 5.50 – 1.75 = 3.75M
Foundation.
Ist CL-LAYER OF 2.00M THICK AND FOOTING PLACED AT 1.75M

DEPTH:
Considering First layer as 2.00M thick while second layer
being 1.75M thick.


α1 = (1.75) x 1.61 = 2.8175 T/m2.
Pressure increase on top of First CL-Layer i.e. base of

footing,
(Δα)t = 10.45 T/m2

(Δα)m = 10.45/(1.00+1.00x2) = 3.4833 T/m2.

(Δα)b = 10.45/(1.00+2.00x2) = 2.0900 T/m2

(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b ]
= (1/6) x (10.45 + 4x3.4833 + 2.0900)
= 4.4122 T/m2

= (0.154)/(1+0.67) x2.00xlog10 [(2.8175+4.4122)/ 2.8175]
= 0.092215568 x 2.00 x 0.409256351
= 0.0754796 m = 75.48 mm

IInd CL-LAYER OF 1.75M THICK & FOOTING PLACED AT 1.75M DEPTH:

α1 = (3.75) x 1.61 = 6.0375 T/m2.

First layer,
(Δα)t = 2.0900 T/m2

(Δα)m = 2.0900/(5.00+0.875x2) = 0. 3096 T/m2.

(Δα)b = 2.0900/(5.00+1.50x2) = 0.2613 T/m2

(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b ]
= (1/6) x (2.0900 + 4x0.3096 + 0.2613)
= 0.5983 T/m2

= (0.154)/(1+0.67) x 1.75xlog10[(6.0375+0.5983)/6.0375)]
= 0.092215568 x 1.75 x 0.041036144
= 0.0066222998 m = 6.62 mm

= 75.48 + 6.62 mm = 82.10 mm

following formula

= 0.01488032 m = 14.88 mm

= 82.10 + 14.88 = 96.98 mm


1.0 kg/cm2 (or 10 T/ m2) corresponding to SP value of 8 is
= (40/10) x 0.2613
= 1.0452 mm = 1.05 mm
Whence total foundation settlement will be = 96.98 +1.05 mm

= 98.03 mm
= 98.03x0.85x0.80 = 66.66 mm
= (10.45/66.66) x 65
= 10.1898 T/m2
= 10.19 T/m2 (say)

bearing capacity as 10.19 T/m2 at 1.75M below existing GL.

Foundation.
Ist CL-LAYER OF 2.00M THICK AND FOOTING PLACED AT 2.00M

DEPTH:
Considering First layer as 2.00M thick while second layer
being 1.50M thick.


α1 = (2.00) x 1.61 = 3.220 T/m2.

footing,
(Δα)t = 11.20 T/m2

(Δα)m = 11.20/(1.00+1.00x2) = 3.7333 T/m2.

(Δα)b = 11.20/(1.00+2.00x2) = 2.240 T/m2

(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b ]
= (1/6) x (11.20 + 4x3.7333 + 2.2400)
= 4.7289 T/m2
= (0.154)/(1+0.67) x2.00xlog10 [(3.220+4.7289)/3.220]
= 0.092215568 x 2.00 x 0.392451161
= 0.072380213 m = 72.38 mm

IInd CL-LAYER OF 1.50M THICK AND FOOTING PLACED AT 2.00M
DEPTH:

α1 = (4.00) x 1.61 = 6.440 T/m2.

First layer,
(Δα)t = 2.240 T/m2

(Δα)m = 2.240/(5.00+0.75x2) = 0.3446 T/m2.

(Δα)b = 2.240/(5.00+1.50x2) = 0.2800 T/m2

(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b]
= (1/6) x (2.240 + 4x0.3446 + 0.2800)
= 0.6497 T/m2

= (0.154)/(1+0.67) x 1.50xlog10[(6.440+0.6497)/6.440)]
= 0.092215568 x 1.50 x 0.041741991
= 0.0057738809 m = 5.77 mm

= 72.38 + 5.77 mm = 78.15 mm

following formula

= 0.01488032 m = 14.88 mm

= 78.15 + 14.88 = 93.03 mm


1.0 kg/cm2 (or 10 T/ m2) corresponding to SP value of 8 is
= (40/10) x 0.2800
= 1.12 mm = 1.12 mm
Whence total foundation settlement will be = 93.03 +1.12 mm

= 94.15 mm
= 94.15x0.85x0.80 = 64.022 mm

= (11.20/64.02) x 65
= 11.3396 T/m2
= 11.34 T/m2 (say)


Foundation.
CL-LAYER OF 1.50M THICK AND FOOTING PLACED AT 4.00M DEPTH:

As remaining thickness of silty clay layer at 4.00M level of
footing is only 1.50m, hence considering one silty clay
layer of 1.50M thickness for settlement purposes and
remaining settlement would be evaluated in terms of SPT
values on subsequent layers.


α1 = (4.00) x 1.62 = 6.480 T/m2.

footing,
(Δα)t = 18.45 T/m2
(Δα)m = 18.45/(1.00+0.75x2) = 7.380 T/m2.

(Δα)b = 18.45/(1.00+1.50x2) = 4.6125 T/m2

(Δα) = 1/6 [(Δα)t +4 (Δα)m + (Δα)b ]
= (1/6) x (18.45 + 4x7.380 + 4.6125)
= 8.7638 T/m2

= (0.172)/(1+0.71) x1.50xlog10 [(6.480+8.7638)/6.480]
= 0.100584795 x 1.50 x 0.371516811
= 0.056053413 m = 56.05 mm
Consolidation settlement of clayey layer, Sc = 56.05 mm

following formula

= 0.034189527 m = 34.19 mm

= 56.05 + 34.19 = 91.24 mm

The pressure at top of sandy soil layer 5.50m is 4.850 T/m2

and SPT value at this level is 9.

3.8cm i.e. 38mm, hence corresponding settlement
= (38/10) x 4.850
= 18.43 mm
Similarly, pressure intensity at 7.00m depth would be

= = 4.85/(1.00+1.50x2) = 1.2125 T/m2.
The SPT value at this level is also 9.

= (38/10) x 1.2125
= 4.4075 mm
In the same way, pressure intensity at 8.50m depth would be

= = 1.2125/(1.00+3.00x2) = 0.1732 T/m2.

= (30/10) x 0.1732
= 0.51963 mm
Pressure intensities over subsequent layers would be

insignificant, hence negligible settlement would take occur.
Whence total foundation settlement will be

= 91.24 + 18.43 + 4.41 + 0.52 mm
= 114.60 mm

= 114.60x0.85x0.80 = 77.928 mm

= (18.45/77.93) x 65
= 14.5547286 T/m2
= 14.55 T/m2 (say)

ANNEXURE - VII
RESULTS OF PLATE LOAD TEST
Site Name : C-Block, G.C.R.G. Campus, Lucknow.
Plate Size : 450mm x 450m

Pit Size : 1.50M x 1.50M
Depth of Pit : 1.00M
SN Applied Applied Final Average

Load Pressure Settlement settlement
(T/m2) DG1 DG2 (mm)
1 0.75 Tonnes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 mm
2 2.00 Tonnes 9.88 0.62 0.66 0.64 mm
3 4.00 Tonnes 19.75 1.10 1.20 1.15 mm
4 6.00 Tonnes 29.63 1.70 1.74 1.72 mm
5 8.00 Tonnes 39.51 2.16 2.24 2.20 mm
6 10.00 Tonnes 49.38 14.75 14.65 14.70 mm
7 12.00 Tonnes 59.26 26.42 26.62 26.52 mm
G.B.S. ENGINEERS
ANNEXURE - IX
LAY OUT PLAN FOR BORE HOLE & P.L.T. LOCATIONS
Site Name : C-Block, G.C.R.G. Campus, Lucknow.

G.B.S. ENGINEERS

Rev Report C Block GCRG Lko

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SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR

Multi Storey Building

I Details of the IS Code regarding Bearing Capacity

02.00 WORK SCOPE:

03.00 LOCATION & PERIOD OF INVESTIGATIONS:

04.00 SITE INVESTIGATIONS & IN-SITU TESTS

07.00 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH

08.00 BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATIONS

09.00 POSITION OF WATER TABLE

10.00 GENERAL NATURE OF UNDERNEATH SOIL

11.00 SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:

Bore Hole No.-1

Further under the revised proposal, the provision for

(TAZEEN KHAN) (Er. M. T. KHAN)

1. Present report is based on results of investigations

qd’= c.Nc.sc.dc.ic. + q(Nq-1).sq.dq.iq + 0.5 B.r.sr.dr.ir.W'

Sc’ Sq’ & Sr’ = Shape Factors

dc’ dq’ & dr’ = Depth factors

ic’ iq’ & ir’ = Inclination factors

W' = Water table correction factor

The values of depth factors for the footing are given by

dc = 1.0 + 0.2 Df/B. No

Inclination factors for the footing considering the general

Ic = iq = Square of (1- α/90)

The values of bearing capacity factors are given in Table

For non-cohesive strata, the settlement is worked out on

The settlement under any pressure is computed assuming that

In case of cohesive strata, the settlement is worked out by

S = Cc. H (log10 (po + p)/po)/(1+eo)

The total settlement is the sum of initial and

Site Name : C-Block, G.C.R.G., Lucknow.

DEPTH Bore Hole-01 Bore Hole-02 Bore Hole-03

BORE HOLE No. - 1

Since value of actual void ratio comes out to be within the

A. Square footing of Size 1.00Mx1.00M at 1.50M Depth:

FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS:

Shape factors for square footing are,

Depth factors, for square footing of size 1.00Mx1.00M placed

The inclination factors are,

Considering a factor of safety as 3.00 the net safe bearing

LOCAL SHEAR FAILURE:

Hence mobilized values of bearing capacity factors Nc’, Nq’,

Considering the same values shape factor, depth factor, etc.

qd = 0.13 x 8.142 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.3840

Considering a factor of safety as 3.00 the net safe bearing

Actual value of safe bearing capacity could be evaluated by

Hence, Safe value of bearing capacity

Let us adopt the value of safe bearing capacity as 9.49 T/m 2

B. Square footing of Size 1.00Mx1.00M at 1.75M Depth:

FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS:

Shape factors for square footing are,

Depth factors, for square footing of size 1.00Mx1.00M placed

The inclination factors are,

Considering values of bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, and Nr

Water Table Correction Factor, W' = 1.00

Net ultimate bearing capacity as per IS code, for general

qd = 0.13 x 10.454 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.4480

With F.O.S. as 3.00, safe bearing capacity works out as,

LOCAL SHEAR FAILURE:

Considering mobilized values of bearing capacity factors for

Considering the same values shape factor, depth factor, etc.

qd = 0.13 x 8.142 x 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.4480