NCCI: Design Model For Non-Bearing Column Splices SN023a-EN-EU

NCCI: Design model for non-bearing column splices

SN023a-EN-EU

This NCCI provides rules for verifying the adequacy of a "non-bearing column splice" for
a column in "simple construction". It also provides rules for the determination of the
tensile tying resistance of the splice for structural integrity. The rules may be used to
evaluate the overall resistance of the splice, for all the possible modes of failure, based on
the rules in EN 1993-1-8 for determining the resistances of individual components in a
connection.
Contents
1. General 2
2. Design model 3
3. Parameters 5
4. Flange cover plate 7

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
5. Flange cover plate bolt group 8
6. Web cover plate 10
7. Web cover plate bolt group 10
8. Column web bolt group 12
9. Structural integrity (under tying force) 13
10. Limits of application 14
11. Background 14
Created on Friday, September 19, 2008
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1. General
A non-bearing column splice is a splice where the forces are transferred through the cover
plates and bolts and not through any bearing between the ends of the column. Typical non-
bearing column splices are shown in Figure 1.1. Such splices are used where full continuity
of stiffness is not required. Details of the frame configuration and splice positions for such
splices are given in SN025.
Guidance on the initial sizing of non-bearing splices is given in SN024. The design model for
these splices is explained below.
1 1 1 1
G G G G
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Key: 1. Packs (shaded where hidden behind web splice plates)
G Gap between column sections
Figure 1.1 Typical Non-bearing column splices

a) External flange cover plates for sections of the same serial size
b) External and internal flange cover plates for sections of the same serial size
c) Internal flange cover plates for sections of the same serial size
d) External flange cover plates for sections of a different serial size
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2. Design model
The design model can be adopted for non-bearing column splices of all the types shown in
Figure 1.1. However, for brevity, the detailed procedure is demonstrated in this NCCI only
for a non-bearing column splice with external flange cover plates and two web cover plates
(i.e. on both sides of column web), as shown in Figure 1.1(d).
The design model assumes that bending moment and part of the axial force is resisted by the
flange cover plates. Shear force and part of the axial force is resisted by the web cover plates.
As an alternative to this assumption, it can be assumed that bending moment and axial force is
resisted by the flange cover plates, and the web cover plates resist the shear force only, but
that procedure is not shown here.
It is assumed that the details of the bolt layouts are such that there is no possibility of local
buckling of the cover plates between the fasteners and hence this NCCI only considers
resistances of cross-sections.
Opinions vary about the type of bolts to be used for non-bearing column splices. If splices are
placed in accordance with section 3 of SN025, then non-preloaded bolts in category A

connection may be used. Where slip is unacceptable, then pre-loaded bolts in Category B
connection (Slip-resistant at serviceability limit state) or a Category C connection (Slip-
resistant at ultimate limit state) should be used.
For maximum design compression force in the flange cover plates and maximum
compression in the web cover plates (see Figure 2.1):
It is assumed that all the beams are subjected to permanent and variable actions in
combination.
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M Ed NEd = NEd,G + NEd,Q

N Ed VEd = VEd,G + VEd,Q
V Ed
MEd is the nominal design moment (see
SN005) (due to permanent and
variable actions) in the upper column,
i.e. at the floor level immediately
below the splice.
= MEd,G + MEd,Q
V Ed For evaluation of NEd,fp,c and NEd,wp, see

N Ed,fp,c
2 N Ed,wp Sections 4 and 6.
Figure 2.1 For maximum compression in flange and web cover plates
For maximum design tension force in the flange cover plates (see Figure 2.2):
For nominal design moment MEd, it is assumed that the beams causing the moment are
subject to permanent and variable actions in combination
For design axial force in the column NEd,G, it is assumed that all the beams are subject to
permanent actions only.
M Ed NEd,G is the axial force in the column due
to permanent action on all the beams
N Ed,G
V Ed VEd = VEd,G + VEd,Q
MEd is the nominal design moment (see

SN005) (due to permanent and
variable actions) in the upper column,
i.e. at the floor level immediately
below the splice.
= MEd,G + MEd,Q
N Ed,fp,t
For evaluation of NEd,fp,t, see Section 4.
Figure 2.2 For maximum tension in flange cover plates

The design resistance and mode of failure of the connection is the value and mode that has the
lowest resistance of all the possible modes of failure. For rules for each of the modes of
failure, refer to Table 2.1 given below.
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Table 2.1 Design resistance of non-bearing column splice
Mode of failure Section number

Flange cover plate NRd,fp,c 4
NRd,fp,t
Flange cover plate bolt group VRd,fp 5
VRd,fp,ser
Web cover plate NRd,wp,c 6
Web cover plate bolt group VRd,wp 7
VRd,wp,ser
Column web bolt group VRd,w 8
VRd,w,ser
Structural integrity of the splice NRd,u 9
A list of parameters specific to the design model is given in Section 3.
The limitations to the applicability of the rules are given in Section 10.
The background to the rules is given in Section 11.

3. Parameters
e 1,fp
p1,fp
Lj p1,fp n fp= 8
p1,fp
gv h fp
p1,fp
Lj p1,fp n fp= 8
p1,fp
e 2,fp p 2,fp e 2,fp

b fp
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t f,uc
e 2,w
t pa
e 1,wp
e 1,w p 1,wp n wp= 4

gv
hwp
p 1,wp n wp= 4
e 2,wp p 2,wp e 2,wp

b wp
t fp
t f,lc
Figure 3.1 Column splice details and parameters
Afp Area of one flange cover plate

Awp Area of one web cover plate
Af,lc Area of one flange of lower column
Af,uc Area of one flange of upper column
As Tensile stress area of bolt
Auc Area of upper column
Aw,lc Area of web of lower column
Aw,uc Area of web of upper column
bf,uc Width of flange of upper column
bfp Width of flange cover plate
bwp
Width of web cover plate

d Diameter of bolt
do Diameter of bolt hole
fub Ultimate tensile strength of bolts
fu,p Ultimate tensile strength of cover plates
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fu,uc Ultimate tensile strength of upper column

fy,p Yield strength of cover plates
fyb Yield strength of the bolts
hfp Height of flange cover plate
huc Depth of upper column
hwp Height of web cover plate
nfp Number of bolts between one flange cover plate and upper column
nwp Number of bolts between web cover plate and upper column
tf,lc Thickness of flange of lower column
tf,uc Thickness of flange of upper column
tfp Thickness of flange cover plate
tpa Thickness of packing
tw,lc Thickness of web of lower column
tw,uc Thickness of web of upper column
twp Thickness of web cover plate
Other symbols not given here are as defined in the relevant parts of EN1993.
4. Flange cover plate

The design axial resistance of the flange cover plate should be checked against design axial
force (both in compression and in tension):
NEd,fp,c ≤ NRd,fp,c (1) (For compression in flange cover plate)
NEd,fp,t ≤ NRd,fp,t (2) (For tension in flange cover plate)
The maximum compressive design force on the flange cover plate (NEd,fp,c) is calculated from:
⎛ Af,uc ⎞
+ (N Ed,G + N Ed,Q )⎜⎜
M Ed
N Ed,fp,c = ⎟⎟
huc ⎝ Auc ⎠
The maximum tensile design force on the flange cover plate (NEd,fp,t) is calculated from:
M Ed ⎛ Af, uc ⎞
N Ed, fp, t = − N Ed, G ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
huc ⎝ Auc ⎠
where:
MEd is nominal design moment (due to permanent and variable actions) in the upper
column, i.e. at the floor level immediately below the splice (see SN005).
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Note: If NEd,fp,t is less than zero, then there is no tensile force on the flange cover plate and
check (2) above is not required.
The design resistance of the flange cover plate in compression (NRd,fp,c) is calculated from
§ 6.2.4(2) of EN1993-1-1.
The design resistance of the flange cover plate in tension (NRd,fp,t) is calculated from § 6.2.3(2)
of EN1993-1-1.
⎛ Afp f y,p 0.9 Afp,net f u,p ⎞

N Rd,fp,t = min⎜⎜ ; ⎟
⎟
⎝ γ M0 γ M2 ⎠
where:
Afp,net = Afp − 2tfpdo
5. Flange cover plate bolt group

The design resistance of the flange cover plate bolt group should be checked against the
maximum design axial force (i.e. compressive) on the flange cover plate:
NEd,fp,c ≤ VRd,fp
Additionally, for Catgory B bolts, the design serviceability force should not exceed the design
slip resistance i.e. NEd,fp,c,,ser ≤ VRd,fp,ser
The design resistance of the bolt group is given as follows:
For Category A bolts: Bearing type (§ 3.4.1(1) (a) of EN1993-1-8)
VRd,fp = min ( ∑ Fb,Rd ; nfpFv,Rd)
where:
nfp is the number of bolts between one flange cover plate and upper column
Fb,Rd is the design bearing resistance of a single bolt on the flange cover plate, given in
Table 3.4 of EN1993-1-8 as:
k1α b f u,p d t fp
Fb,Rd =
γ M2
where, for this configuration:
⎛ e1, fp p1,fp 1 f ⎞
αb = min ⎜ ; − ; ub ; 1,0 ⎟
⎜ 3d o 3d o 4 f u, p ⎟
⎝ ⎠
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⎛ e2,fp p 2,fp ⎞
k1 = min ⎜⎜ 2 ,8 − 1,7; 1,4 − 1,7; 2 ,5 ⎟⎟
⎝ do do ⎠
Fv,Rd is the design shear resistance of a single bolt, given in Table 3.4 of EN1993-1-8.
However, a reduction factor, βp should be applied to Fv,Rd if the packing thickness,
tpa, is greater than one third of the nominal diameter of the bolt, d (see § 3.6.1(12) of
EN1993-1-8). The value of Fv,Rd is thus given by:
β pα v f ub As
Fv,Rd =
γ M2
⎛ 9d ⎞
Where β p = min⎜ ; 1⎟
⎜ 8d + 3tpa ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Category B bolts: Slip-resistant at serviceability limit state (§ 3.4.1(1) (b) of EN1993-1-8)
VRd,fp = min ( ∑ Fb,Rd ; nfpFv,Rd)

VRd,fp,ser = nfpFs,Rd,ser
where:
nfp, Fb,Rd and Fv,Rd are as defined above
Fs,Rd,ser is the design slip resistance per single friction surface of a single preloaded Class 8.8
or 10.9 bolt at the serviceability limit state, given in § 3.9.1 of EN1993-1-8 as:
ks μ
Fs, Rd,ser = Fp,c
γ M3,ser
For the serviceability limit state: γM3,ser = 1,1 (Table 2.1 of EN-1993-1-8)
For Category C bolts: Slip resistant at ultimate limit state (§ 3.4.1(1) (c) of EN1993-1-8)
VRd,fp = min ( ∑ Fb, Rd ; nfpFs,Rd)
where:
nfp and Fb,Rd are as defined above
Fs,Rd is the design slip resistance per single friction surface at the ultimate limit state,
given by:
ks μ
Fs, Rd = Fp,c
γ M3
For the ultimate limit state: γM3 = 1,25 (Table 2.1 of EN-1993-1-8)
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6. Web cover plate

In normal circumstances, the horizontal shear force VEd (the force arising from the moment
gradient and not due to wind forces) is resisted by the web cover plates. However, VEd is
usually small for columns in “Simple Construction” (see SN020) and therefore no specific
check is presented in this NCCI.
Neglecting VEd, the design axial resistance of the web cover plate should simply be checked
against the compressive design force:
NEd,wp ≤ NRd,wp,c
The compressive design force on one web cover plate (NEd,wp) is calculated from:
N Ed Aw,uc
N Ed, wp =
2 Auc
The design resistance of one web cover plate in compression (NRd,wp,c) is calculated from
§ 6.2.4(2) of EN1993-1-1.
Awp f y,p
N Rd, wp,c =
γ M0
If the cross-section resistance of the web cover plate does need to be checked for combined
axial and shear force then reference should be made to § 6.2.1 (5) of EN1993-1-8.
7. Web cover plate bolt group

Where the shear force VEd is neglected (see section 6), the design resistance of the web cover
plate bolt group should be checked against the compressive design force on the web cover
plate (NEd,wp, given in section 6 above):
NEd,wp ≤ VRd,wp
Additionally for category B bolts, the design force at the serviceability limit state should not
exceed the design slip resistance i.e. NEd,wp,ser ≤ VRd,wp,ser
Category A bolts: Bearing type (§ 3.4.1(1) (a) of EN1993-1-8)
VRd,wp = min ( ∑ Fb, Rd ; nwpFv,Rd)

where:
nwp is the number of bolts connecting the web cover plate and upper column
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Fb,Rd is the design bearing resistance of a single bolt on one web cover plate, given in
Table 3.4 of EN1993-1-8 as:
k1α b f u,p d t wp
Fb,Rd =
γ M2
where, for this configuration:
⎛ e1, wp p1, wp 1 f ⎞
αb = min ⎜⎜ ; − ; ub ; 1,0 ⎟⎟
⎝ 3d o 3d o 4 f u,p ⎠
⎛ e2,wp p2,wp ⎞
k1 = min ⎜⎜ 2 ,8 − 1,7; 1,4 − 1,7; 2 ,5 ⎟⎟
⎝ do do ⎠
Fv,Rd is given in section 5

VRd,wp = min ( ∑ Fb, Rd ; nwpFv,Rd)
VRd,wp,ser = nwpFs,Rd,ser
where:
nwp , Fb,Rd and Fv,Rd are as given above
ks μ
Fs,Rd,ser = Fp,c
γ M3,ser
For the serviceability limit state, γM3,ser = 1,1 (Table 2.1 of EN-1993-1-8)
Category C bolts: Slip resistant at ultimate limit state (§ 3.4.1(1)(c) of EN1993-1-8)
VRd,wp = min ( ∑ Fb, Rd ; nwpFs,Rd)
where:
nwp and Fb,Rd are as given above

Fs,Rd is given in section 5
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8. Column web bolt group

The design resistance of the upper column web bolt group should be checked against the
design axial force on the column web:
N Ed, w ≤ VRd, w
Additionally for category B bolts, the design serviceability force should not exceed the design
slip resistance i.e. NEd,w,ser ≤ VRd,w,ser
The compressive design force on the upper column web (NEd,w) is calculated from:
N Ed Aw,uc
N Ed, w =
Auc
Category A bolts: Bearing type (§ 3.4.1(1)(a) of EN1993-1-8)

VRd,w = min ( ∑ Fb,Rd ; 2nwpFv,Rd)
where:
nwp is the number of bolts connecting the web cover plate and upper column
Fb,Rd is the design bearing resistance of a single bolt on the column web, given in Table
3.4 of EN1993-1-8 as:
k1α b f u,uc d t w,uc

Fb,Rd =
γ M2
where for this configuration:
⎛ e1, w p1, wp 1 f ub ⎞
α b = min ⎜⎜ ; − ; ; 1,0 ⎟⎟
⎝ 3d 0 3d 0 4 f u,uc ⎠
⎛ p2, wp ⎞
k1 = min ⎜⎜1,4 − 1,7; 2 ,5 ⎟⎟
⎝ d0 ⎠
Fv,Rd is given in section 5

VRd,wp = min ( ∑ Fb, Rd ; 2nwpFv,Rd)
VRd,w,ser = 2nwpFs,Rd,ser
where:
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nwp , Fb,Rd and Fv,Rd are as given above
For Category C bolts: Slip resistant at ultimate limit state (§ 3.4.1(1)(c) of EN1993-1-8)
VRd,w ≤ min ( ∑ Fb,Rd ; 2nwpFs,Rd)
where:
nwp and Fb,Rd are as given above
9. Structural integrity (under tying force)

EN1993-1-8 does not give any guidance on tying resistance of connections. However,
because large strains and large deformations are associated with this failure mode, it is
recommended that ultimate tensile strengths (fu) can be used for calculating the tying
resistance and the partial factor for tying γM,u can be taken as 1,1.
Conservatively it can be assumed that the tying force at the column splice is resisted by the
flange cover plates only.
The design axial resistance of the column splice (in tension) should be checked against the
design tying force on the column:
NEd,u ≤ NRd,u
where:
N Rd, u = 2N Rd, u,fp
⎛ 0 ,9 Afp,net f u,p ⎞
N Rd,u,fp = min ⎜⎜ ; nfp Fv,Rd,u ; nfp Fb,Rd,u ⎟
⎟
⎝ γM,u ⎠
From Table 3.4 in EN1993-1-8:
α v f ub As
Fv,Rd,u = Fv,Rd = and
γ M,u
k1α b f u,p d tfp

Fb,Rd,u = Fb,Rd =
γ M,u
where:
nfp = Number of bolts between one flange cover plate and upper column
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γM,u = 1,1 for tying resistance

⎛ e1,fp p1, fp 1 f ub ⎞
α b = min⎜ ; − ; ; 1,0 ⎟
⎜ 3d 0 3d 0 4 f u, p ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ e2, fp p2, fp ⎞
k1 = min ⎜⎜ 2 ,8 − 1,7; 1,4 − 1,7; 2 ,5 ⎟⎟
⎝ d0 d0 ⎠
10. Limits of application

Bolts in normal holes:
Non-preloaded, class 4.6 to 10.9
Preloaded, class 8.8 or 10.9
To avoid local buckling of the cover plates, the distance between the fasteners must be equal
to or less than 9tε (see Note 2, to Table 3.3 in EN1993-1-8).
11. Background
The rules in this NCCI are based on :
(1) European recommendations for the design of simple joints in steel structures -
Document prepared under the supervision of ECCS TC10 by: J.P. Jaspart, S. Renkin
and M.L. Guillaume - First draft, September 2003.
(2) Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Connections (P212). The Steel Construction
Institute and The British Constructional Association Ltd., 2002.
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Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE NCCI: Design model for non-bearing column splices
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Abdul Malik The Steel Construction Feb 2005

Institute
Technical content checked by Edurne Nunez The Steel Construction Nov 2005
Institute
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 11/1/06
2. France A Bureau CTICM 11/1/06
3. Sweden A Olsson SBI 11/1/06
4. Germany C Müller RWTH 11/1/06
5. Spain J Chica Labein 11/1/06
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 11/05/06

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUIMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:

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