Republic of the Philippines

BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

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Mission: Committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and technological fields; undertake research and
development, and extension services for the sustainable development in Bohol and the country.

ANSWER SHEET
WORLD HISTORY 2

Name: Lorelyn Mae S. Torrrenueva

Chapter 27: The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914
Activity 6
SECTION 1
TERMS & NAMES
1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• imperialism
 The policy or action by which one country forcefully gains and keeps control of another country or
territory. Most often, countries use military means to gain economic and political control in other
countries.
• racism
 The belief that one race is superior to others.
• Social Darwinism
 The theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as
Charles Darwin had perceived in plants and animals. According to the theory, the weak were
diminished and their cultures delimited while the strong grew in power. Concept of "survival of the
fittest".
• Berlin Conference
 It was a method of dividing the continent of Africa between the European Powers.
• Shaka
 He became chief of the Zulus in 1816, who used highly disciplined warriors and good military
organization to create a large centralized state.
• Boer
 Also known as Afrikaners, they are Dutch settlers known who gradually took Africans’ land and
established large farms.
• Boer War
 Also known as the South African War between the British and the Boers and was the first modern
“total” war. The Boers launched commando raids and used guerrilla tactics against the British. The
 British countered by burning Boer farms and imprisoning women and children in disease-ridden
concentration camps. Black South Africans were also involved in the war. Some fought; others
served as scouts, guards, drivers, and workers. Many black South Africans were captured by the
British and placed in concentration camps, where over 14,000 died. Britain finally won the war.
MAIN IDEAS
3. Why did the Europeans control such a small portion of Africa in the 1800s?
 European travel into the interior on a large-scale basis was virtually impossible. Europeans could
not navigate African rivers, which had many rapids, cataracts, and changing flows.
4. What were some of the internal factors that contributed to imperialism in Africa?
 Factors within Africa also made the continent easier for Europeans to colonize. Africans’ huge
variety of languages and cultures discouraged unity among them. Wars fought between ethnic
groups over land, water, and trade rights also prevented a unified stand. Europeans soon learned
to play rival groups against each other.
5. Why did the Boers and the British fight over southern Africa?
 Diamonds and gold were discovered in southern Africa in the 1860s and 1880s. Suddenly,
adventurers from all parts of the world rushed in to make their fortunes. The Boers tried to keep
these “outsiders” from gaining political rights. An attempt to start a rebellion against the Boers
failed. The Boers blamed the British and, in 1899, took up arms against them.

CRITICAL THINKING & WRITING

7. FORMING OPINIONS Why do you think Africans weren’t interested in buying European products?
 They weren’t interested in buying European products because they didn't want to buy products
from people trying to take over their land. Also, they didn't want industrialized products they
preferred traditional things.
8. DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE What sort of problems might result from combining or
splitting groups of people without regard for ethnic or linguistic traditions?
 It can lead to wars because differences often generate hate because people aren’t tolerant of other
beliefs. The community isn’t going to be as efficient because language is what allows people to
communicate and they can’t unite without expressing ideas on how to unite.
SECTION 2
TERMS & NAMES
1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• paternalism
 A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving
them rights
• assimilation
 The adoption of a conqueror's culture by a conquered people, a policy in which a nation forces or
encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs
• Menelik II
  He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889. He successfully played Italians, French, and British
against each other, all of whom were striving to bring Ethiopia into their spheres of influence. In the
meantime, he built up a large arsenal of modern weapons purchased from France and Russia.
MAIN IDEAS
3. What idea is the policy of assimilation based on?
 That policy was based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture
and become like the French.
4. Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful?
 African resistance movements usually unsuccessful because of the Europeans' superior arms. The
contest between African states and European powers was never equal.
5. How did colonial rule cause a breakdown in traditional African culture?
 Traditional authority figures were replaced. Homes and property were transferred with little regard
to their importance to the people. Men were forced to leave villages to find ways to support
themselves and their families. Contempt for the traditional culture and admiration of European life
undermined stable societies and cause identity problems for Africans.
CRITICAL THINKING & WRITING
7. COMPARING How was the policy of paternalism like Social Darwinism?
 The British thought the Africans were unfit to rule a country, that only Europeans could; which is
like Social Darwinism because according to Darwin, only the fittest will come out on top and
survive.
8. ANALYZING CAUSES Why would the French and Russians sell arms to Ethiopia?
 French and Russians sold arms to Ethiopia, because they don't want Italy to bring Ethiopia into
their sphere of influences. They probably hoped to start an alliance with Ethiopia to overtake the
Italians and the British.

SECTION 3
TERMS & NAMES
1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• geopolitics
 An interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products, played an important role in the
fate of the Ottoman Empire
• Crimean War
 A conflict lasting from 1853 to 1856, in which the Ottoman Empire, with the aid of Britain and
France, halted Russian expansion in the region of the Black Sea. It was the first war in which
women, led by Florence Nightingale, established their position as army nurses. It was also the first
war to be covered by newspaper correspondents.
• Suez Canal
 A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea.
MAIN IDEAS
3. What is geopolitics?
  Geopolitics is an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products, played an
important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire.
4. Why did Great Britain want to control the Suez Canal?
 Britain viewed it as a "Lifeline of the Empire" because it allowed Britain quicker access to its
colonies in Asia and Africa.
5. Why did the Persian people oppose their ruler’s policy of selling business concessions to Europeans?
 They opposed it because they were backed by their religious leader who feared change or disliked
Western influence in their nation.
CRITICAL THINKING & WRITING
6. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING How were the reactions of African and Muslim rulers to imperialism
similar? How were they different?
 They both resisted European efforts to colonize. Muslims tried to modernize first, while many
Africans did not and were forced to give up their lands.

SECTION 4
TERMS & NAMES
1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• sepoy
 An Indian soldier serving under British command.
• “jewel in the crown”
 The most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies.
• Sepoy Mutiny
 The uprising of Indian soldiers against British soldiers due to the refusal to accept new rifles
because they were greased with pork, against the Muslim religion and greased with beef fat that
went against the Hindi religion as they considered the cow scared.
• Raj
 Refers to British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria.
MAIN IDEAS
3. Why did Britain consider India its “jewel in the crown”?
 At first, the British treasured India more for its potential than its actual profit. The Industrial
Revolution had turned Britain into the world's workshop, and India was a major supplier of raw
materials for that workshop. Its 300 million people were also a large potential market for British
made goods. These included things like spices, textiles, cotton, and the opium that the British
would sell in China to be able to buy tea. Because India had so many people and so much wealth,
it was the "jewel in the crown" of the British Empire.
4. Why didn’t Indians unite against the British in the Sepoy Mutiny?
 The Indians could not unite against the British due to weak leadership and serious splits between
Hindus and Muslims. Hindus did not want the Muslim Mughal Empire restored. Indeed, many
Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule.
5. What form did British rule take under the Raj?
  British power changed hands from the East India Company or private enterprise to the British
government taking direct command of India by sending British troops into India.
CRITICAL THINKING & WRITING
6. MAKING INFERENCES How did economic imperialism lead to India’s becoming a British colony?
 The British East India Company had its own army but was unable to regain control during the
Sepoy Mutiny. This opened the way for Britain to step in, seize control, and claim India as a colony.
8. SYNTHESIZING How did imperialism contribute to unity and to the growth of nationalism in India?
 Imperialism contributed to unify and growth of nationalism in India because it did rid of slavery, and
brought in new standards of humanity, and taught the Indian people how to come together in some
ways. It also separated the Muslims and the Hindu, which created a great amount of nationalism
within those two groups, but Britain knew that they would never come together as one group. This
was good for the British because they knew if the groups couldn’t come together, they couldn’t
revolt as well.
SECTION 5

TERMS & NAMES

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• Pacific Rim
 An economic and social region including the country's surrounding the pacific-ocean.
• King Mongkut
 Was Siam king (now known as Thailand) who remained separate by promoting Western learning
and maintaining friendly relations with the major European powers. He is remembered as a
modernizer and spiritual leader of his country. The play, King and I, is based loosely on his life.
• Emilio Aguinaldo
 Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the
independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by
the United States Army in 1901.
• annexation
 The formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation.
• Queen Liliuokalani
 The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business
interests.
MAIN IDEAS
3. How were the Dutch East India Trading Company and the British East India Company similar?
 They were both established to monopolize trade in a particular part of the world; the Dutch wanted
to control the spice trading industry around the Indian Ocean and the British wanted control of the
Mediterranean Sea.
4. What changes took place in Southeast Asia as a result of colonial control?
 Economies grew based on cash crops or goods that could be sold on the world market. Roads,
harbors, and rail systems improved communication and transportation buy mostly benefited
European business. Millions of people from other areas of Asia and the world migrated to work on
 plantations and in the mines in Southeast Asia. The region became a melting pot of Hindus,
Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists. This led to racial and religious clashes.
5. Why did some groups believe that the United States should colonize like the Europeans?
 Some groups wanted to fulfill its destiny as a world power, colonizing like the Europeans.
CONNECT TODAY
Research to find out about the economic situation of Southeast Asian countries today. Rank the
economies and present your findings in a bar graph.

SOUTHEAST ASIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH FORECASTS

8

0
ei di
a or ia os ia ar ne
s re nd am s ia
un bo i m es La ys nm pi po la tn A
-2 Br tT on al
a
ya li p g a ai ie st
Ca
m s In
d M M i in Th V ea
Ea Ph S
uth
-4 So

-6

-8

2020 (Previous) 2020 (New) 2021 (Previous) 2021 (New)

Unit: Percent (%)

Source: Asian Development Bank

Rank 2020 2021

Previous New Previous New
1 Vietnam Vietnam Vietnam and Vietnam
Myanmar
2 Myanmar Myanmar Philippines Philippines and
Malaysia
3 Laos Brunei Laos Myanmar
4 Indonesia Laos Cambodia Cambodia
5 Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Indonesia
6 Brunei and East Timor Indonesia Laos
Philippines
7 Malaysia Malaysia East Timor East Timor
8 Singapore Philippines Brunei Thailand
9 East Timor Cambodia Thailand Singapore
10 Thailand Singapore Singapore Brunei
11 Thailand