Version PREVIEW – HW 13 – riley – (99941) 1

This print-out should have 19 questions. under a heavy piston occupies a volume of
Multiple-choice questions may continue on 3.2 L.
the next column or page – find all choices The heat capacity of air under constant
before answering. 5
volume is R.
2
Find the new volume of the gas if 4.6 kJ is
Thermal Energy in a Room
transferred to the air.
001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Correct answer: 4.68773 L.
How much thermal energy is in the air in a
room with volume 34 m3 at −0.7 ◦ C? Assume Explanation:
that the pressure remains at 1.013 × 105 Pa.
Correct answer: 8.6105 × 106 J.
Given : T = 340 K ,
Explanation: V = 3.2 L , and
Q = 4.6 kJ .
Let : V = 34 m3 and The piston moves to keep the pressure con-
P = 1.013 × 105 Pa . W
stant and equal , where A is the cross
A
5 section of the piston. For a process with con-
Take air as a diatomic gas, so that CV = R.
2 stant pressure the amount of heat transferred
Then to the gas equals
5
U = n CV T = n R T (1)
2 Q = n CP ∆T (1)
From the equation of state for an ideal gas,
The change in the internal energy for an ideal
nRT = P V (2) gas can be written as
∆U = n CV ∆T (2)
Substituting (2) into (1)
and work done on the gas equals
5
U= PV W = P ∆V . (3)
2
5 From (3) with the help of (1) and
= (1.013 × 105 Pa)(34 m3 )
2
5 7
= 8.6105 × 106 J CP = CV + R = R+R= R
2 2
we have
002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points n R ∆T
How much thermal energy is in the air in a ∆V =
P
room with volume 34 m3 at 23 ◦ C? 7

Correct answer: 8.6105 × 106 . n R ∆T
2 2
Explanation: =
7 P
If we raise the temperature, expanding air 2 n CP ∆T
escapes so that the room contains the same =
7 P
internal energy at all temperatures. There- 2Q
fore, =
7P
U = 8.6105 × 106 J . 2 QV
=
7 nRT
One Mole of Air 2 (4.6 kJ × 1000 J/kJ) (3.2 L)
=
003 10.0 points 7 (1) (8.31451 J/K mol) (340 K)
One mole of air at 340 K confined in a cylinder = 1.48773 L
 Version PREVIEW – HW 13 – riley – (99941) 2
Finally,
006 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
Vf = V + ∆V What is the final temperature?
= 4.68773 L Correct answer: 233.947 K.

Explanation:
Adiabatic Expansion
From the equation of state for an ideal gas
004 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
we have
2 mol of an idea gas (γ = 1.4) expands slowly
and adiabatically from a pressure of 5 atm
and a volume of 11 L to a final volume of 27 L. P1 V1
T1 =
The universal gas constant is nR
8.31451 J/K · mol. (1.44085 × 105 Pa) (0.027 m3 )
What is the final pressure? =
(2 mol) (8.31451 J/K · mol)
Correct answer: 1.42236 atm. = 233.947 K .
Explanation:

Let : P0 = 5 atm = 5.065 × 105 Pa , AP B 1993 FR 5

V0 = 11 L = 0.011 m3 , 007 (part 1 of 6) 10.0 points
V1 = 27 L = 0.027 m3 , One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is taken
n = 2 mol and through the cycle “abca” shown schemati-
cally in the diagram. State “a” has volume
R = 8.31451 J/K · mol . 0.0177 m3 and pressure 1.19 × 105 Pa, and
Since an adiabatic process for an ideal gas is state “c” has volume 0.0501 m3 . Process “ca”
described by P V γ = const, we have lies along the 253 ±1 K isotherm.
The molar heat capacities for the gas are
P0 V0γ = P1 V1γ 20.8 J/mol · K and 12.5 J/mol · K.
So, “P V ” diagram
16
 γ
V0
P1 = P0 14
V1
11 L
 1.4
12
a b
= (5 atm)
Pressure (×104 Pa)

27 L
= 1.42236 atm . 10

8
25

005 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

3±

What is the initial temperature? 6

1
K

Correct answer: 335.047 K.

Explanation: 4 c
From the equation of state for an ideal gas
we have 2
P0 V0
T0 = 0
nR 0 10
20 30 40 50 60 70
(5.065 × 105 Pa) (0.011 m3 ) Volume (×10−3 m3 )
=
(2 mol) (8.31451 J/K · mol) Determine the temperature Tb of state “b”.
= 335.047 K . Correct answer: 717.051 K.
 Version PREVIEW – HW 13 – riley – (99941) 3
Explanation:
009 (part 3 of 6) 10.0 points
Determine the change in the internal energy
Let : Pb = 1.19 × 105 Pa , ∆Uab = Ub − Ua .
Vb = 0.0501 m3 , and Correct answer: 5789.81 J.
R = 8.31447 J/mol · K. Explanation:
In an isobaric process the change in internal
Using the ideal gas equation energy is given by
Pb Vb
Tb = ∆Uab = Qab − W
R
(1.19 × 105 Pa) (0.0501 m3 ) = Qab − P ∆V
= = Qab − P [Vb − Va ]
8.31447 J/mol · K
= (9645.41 J)
= 717.051 K .
− (1.19 × 105 Pa)(0.0501 m3 − 0.0177 m3 )
= 5789.81 J .
008 (part 2 of 6) 10.0 points
Determine the heat Qab added to the gas dur-
ing process “ab”. 010 (part 4 of 6) 10.0 points
Correct answer: 9645.41 J. Determine the work Wbc done by the gas on
Explanation: its surroundings during process “bc”.
Correct answer: 0.
Explanation:
Let : Pa = 1.19 × 105 Pa ,
W = P ∆V and ∆V = 0, so W = 0 .
Va = 0.0177 m3 ,
n = 1 mol , and 011 (part 5 of 6) 10.0 points
cp = 20.8 J/mol · K . The net heat added to the gas for the entire
cycle is 1660 J.
For state “a” Determine the net work done by the gas on
Pa Va its surroundings for the entire cycle.
Ta = Correct answer: 1660 J.
R
(1.19 × 105 Pa) (0.0177 m3 ) Explanation:
=
8.31447 J/mol · K
= 253.329 K , Let : Q = 1660 J .
For a complete cycle the change in internal
so
energy ∆U is zero, so
Q = n cp ∆T
W = Q = 1660 J .
= (1 mol)(20.8 J/mol · K)
× (717.051 K − 253.329 K) The work is simply the net heat added to the
= 9645.41 J , gas.

where Q is the heat transferred, n is the num-
ber of moles, cp is the the molar heat capacity
for a constant pressure process (such as pro-
cess “ab”), and ∆T is the change in tempera-
ture from “a” to “b”.
012 (part 6 of 6) 10.0 points
Determine the efficiency of a Carnot engine
that operates between the maximum and min-
imum temperatures in this cycle.
Correct answer: 0.646707.
 Version PREVIEW – HW 13 – riley – (99941) 4
Explanation: What is its maximum theoretical effi-
The Carnot efficiency is ciency?
Correct answer: 0.671955.
Tc
η =1− . Explanation:
Th
The maximum temperature from part 1
and the minimum temperature is isotherm. Given : Tc = 430◦ C = 703 K and
Therefore Th = 1870◦ C = 2143 K .
Ta
η =1− The theoretical maximum efficiency is
Tb
253.329 K Tc
=1− ec = 1 −
717.051 K Th
= 0.646707 . 703 K
=1− = 0.671955 .
2143 K
Tipler PSE5 19 21
013 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points 016 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
An engine with 36% efficiency does 95 J of Its actual efficiency is 42%.
work in each cycle. How much mechanical power does the en-
How much heat is absorbed in each cycle? gine deliver if it absorbs 2.94 × 105 J/s of
Correct answer: 263.889 J. energy each second from the hot reservoir?
Correct answer: 123.48 kW.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Let : W = 95 J and
ǫ = 36% = 0.36 .
Given : Qh = 2.94 × 105 J/s and
The heat absorbed is
ec = 42% = 0.42 .
W 95 J
Qin = = = 263.889 J . The Carnot efficiency is
ǫ 0.36
W
014 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points ec =
Qh
How much heat is rejected in each cycle?
Correct answer: 168.889 J. and the power is
Explanation:
W
The heat rejected is P =
t
Qout = Qin (1 − ǫ) ec Qh
=
= (263.889 J)(1 − 0.36) t
(0.42) (2.94 × 105 J/s)
 
1 kW
= 168.889 J . =
1 1000 W
= 123.48 kW .
Serway CP 12 27
015 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
One of the most efficient engines ever built is Refrigerator Compressor
a coal-fired steam turbine in the Ohio valley, 017 10.0 points
driving an electric generator as it operates The interior of a refrigerator has a surface
between 1870◦ C and 430◦ C. area of 4.3 m2 . It is insulated by a 1.3 cm
 Version PREVIEW – HW 13 – riley – (99941) 5
thick material that has a thermal conductiv-
ity of 0.0189 J/m · s ·◦ C. The ratio of the heat Power Plant Efficiency
extracted from the interior to the work done 018 10.0 points
by the motor is 5.1% of the theoretical maxi- A power plant operates at a 33.1 % efficiency
mum. The temperature of the room is 20.6◦ C, during the summer when the sea water for
and the temperature inside the refrigerator is cooling is at 26.3 ◦ C. The plant uses 350 ◦ C
4.6◦ C. steam to drive the turbines.
Determine the power required to run the Assuming that the plant’s efficiency
compressor. changes in the same proportion as the ideal
Correct answer: 113.041 W. efficiency, what is the plant’s efficiency in the
winter when the sea water is at 16.3◦ C?
Explanation:
Correct answer: 34.1226 %.
Explanation:
2
Given : A = 4.3 m ,
L = 1.3 cm = 0.013 m ,
Given : es = 33.1 % ,
k = 0.0189 J/m · s ·◦ C ,
Th = 350◦ C = 623 K ,
Th = 20.6◦ C = 293.6 K , and
Tcs = 26.3◦ C = 299.3 K , and
Tc = 4.6◦ C = 277.6 K .
Tcw = 16.3◦ C = 289.3 K .
The coefficient of performance is The ideal Carnot summer efficiency is
COP = 0.051 COPmax Th − Tcs
ecs =
Th
Qc 0.051 Tc
= And in winter,
W Th − Tc
Qc (Th − Tc ) Th − Tcw
W = ecw =
0.051 Tc Th
Since the plant’s efficiency changes in the
The rate which heat is conducted into the
same proportion as the ideal efficiency, that
refrigerator is
is,
ew ecw
∆Q k A (Th − Tc ) =
= es ecs
∆t L
then
∆Q ecw
and the work is , so ew = es
COP ecs
T − Tcw
W = es h
P = Th − Tcs
∆t
Qc (Th − Tc ) 623 K − 289.3 K
= = (33.1 %)
∆t(0.051 Tc ) 623 K − 299.3 K
k A (Th − Tc )2 = 34.1226 % .
=
0.051 Tc L
(0.0189 J/m · s ·◦ C)(4.3 m2 ) Refrigerator Performance 03
=
(0.051)(277.6 K)(0.013 m) 019 10.0 points
· (20.6◦ C − 4.6◦ C)2 A vessel containing 6.17 kg of water at 16.3◦C
is put into a refrigerator. The 0.2641 hp motor
= 113.041 W . (1 hp = 746 W) runs for 9.4 min to cool the
 Version PREVIEW – HW 13 – riley – (99941) 6
liquid to the refrigerator’s low temperature,
2◦ C.
What is the COP of the refrigerator?
Correct answer: 3.32379.
Explanation:

Given : m = 6.17 kg ,
746 W
P = 0.2641 hp ·
1 hp
= 197.019 W ,
t = 9.4 min = 564 s ,
T1 = 16.3◦ C = 289.3 K , and
T2 = 2◦ C = 275 K .

The work done by the motor is

W = P t,

and the heat released from the water is

Q = c m (T1 − T2 ) ,

so according to the definition of the coefficient

of performance
heat transferred
e=
work done by pump
Q
=
W
c m (T1 − T2 )
=
Pt
(4186 J/kg · K)(6.17 kg)(289.3 K − 275 K)
=
(197.019 W)(564 s)
= 3.32379 .