http://www.simplecircuitdiagram.

com/2010/06/17/single-transistor-lead-acid-battery-monitor/

Single Transistor Lead

Acid Battery Monitor
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Power Failure Alarm Project

This project is a power supply monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when the mains
supply cuts off. At the same time, the light emitting diode will be turned ON. This device is
helpful to inform the loss of power supply to some critical installation such as a pump in a fish
tank. Once the buzzer sound, one will know that there is a loss of power supply and actions need
to be taken to rectify the situation by providing alternative power supply or relocating the
installation.

Circuit Description

The circuit shown below consists of a AC relay. If the mains input is 120V AC, use a 120V AC
relay. If the mains input is 240V AC, use a 240V AC relay. The relay is a Single Pole Double
Throw (SPDT) type where the COM will be connected to NC terminal if it is not energised.
Once energised, the COM terminal will be connected to the NO terminal.
ELECTRONICS FOR YOU ! JULY 2000

C I RC ICRUC UIITT I DI DE AES A S

M ost of the power-supply failure

indicator circuits need a separate
power-supply for themselves.
But the alarm circuit
presented here needs no additional
supply source. It employs
an electrolytic capacitor
to store adequate charge, to
feed power to the alarm circuit
which sounds an alarm
for a reasonable duration
when the mains supply fails.
During the presence of
mains power supply, the rectified
mains voltage is stepped
down to a required low level.
A zener is used to limit the
filtered voltage to 15-volt
level. Mains presence is indicated by an
LED. The low-level DC is used for charging
capacitor C3 and reverse biasing
switching transistor T1. Thus, transistor
T1 remains cut-off as long as the mains
supply is present. As soon as the mains
power fails, the charge stored in the capacitor
acts as a power-supply source for
S.C. DWIVEDI
M.K. CHANDRA MOULEESWARAN

POWER-SUPPLY FAILURE
ALARM
transistor T1. Since, in the absence of
mains supply, the base of transistor is
pulled ‘low’ via resistor R8, it conducts
and sounds the buzzer (alarm) to give a
warning of the power-failure.
With the value of C3 as shown, a goodquality
buzzer would sound for about a
minute. By increasing or decreasing the
value of capacitor C3, this time can be
altered to serve one’s need.
Assembly is quite easy. The values of
the components are not critical. If the
alarm circuit is powered from any external
DC power-supply source, the mainssupply
section up to points ‘P’ and ‘M’ can
be omitted from the circuit. Following
points may be noted:
1. At a higher DC voltage level, transistor
T1 (BC558) may pass some collector-
to-emitter leakage current, causing a
continuous murmuring sound from the
buzzer. In that case, replace it with some
low-gain transistor.
2. Piezo buzzer must be a continuous
tone version, with built-in oscillator.
To save space, one may use five smallsized
1000μF capacitors (in parallel) in
place of bulky high-value capacitor C3.

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