Medical Imaging: Image Acquisition Modalities (1/24)

Medical Imaging Introduction
• Role of medical imaging : assist

medical procedures
Achmad Rizal
Electronic System Laboratory
Electrical Engineering Department
IT Telkom Bandung
Acquisition is the process of building the image, usually by applying some
energy to the subject and sensing a response (e.g., a reflection, or
transmission)
Image processing is a series of operations we apply to the image to

enhance, alter, or select regions of interest
measurement or d 
• Thermal imaging • Ionizing vs. Non-ionizing Radiation
Modalities can be categorized based on amount of applied energy:
ionizing radiation: applied energy is sufficient to ionize atoms (eject

an electron from orbit, creating a positively charged ion). (e.g., X-
ray, CT, PET, SPECT)
non-ionizing radiation: insufficient energy to ionize atoms (e.g., MRI,

Ultrasound, Optical).
Typical block diagram

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Modalities Comparison (2/2) Closing Remarks
• Imaging Structure and Function • Various modalities in medical imaging
Structure imaging ÆX-ray, CTscan, USG, • Structural & functional imaging
MRI, Fundus camera
• Needs for medical image processing
Functional imagingÆ f-MRI, Nuclear
medicine (PET scan, spect scan) • Challenge: Combining structural and
functional information together in a
synergistic presentation. Example: display
Structure ÆTissue density; region size, shape,
blood flow distribution on top of a CT slice
and orientation.
of lung.
Function: Activity (metabolic rate), perfusion,
ventilation • Ultimate goal : To improve the quality of life
through improving Community Health Care
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References Behind The X-Ray

• Various e-book, journal, lecture notes • On Friday evening, 8 November 1895,
downloaded from internet Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (also
sometimes spelled Roentgen)
• Presentation materials from BME DAY
discovered a “new kind of ray” that
2007 penetrated matter.
• www.howstuffworks.com • Röntgen’s discovery was submitted for
publication on 28 December 1895 and
was published on 5 January 1896. A
portable X-ray unit was available from
the Sears catalog in late 1896. The cost
33
was $15. 34
X-Ray Dosage
• In 1901 Röntgen received the Nobel Prize for
Physics, which was the first Nobel Prize in
physics ever awarded. Unfortunately,
Röntgen, his wife, and his laboratory workers
all died prematurely of cancer.
• The first medical use of the X-ray was on 13
January 1896 by Drs. Ratcliffe and Hall-
Edwards, in which they showed the location
of a small needle in a woman’s hand. As a
consequence, Dr. J.H. Clayton performed the
first X-ray guided surgery nine days after the
publication of the existence of X-rays.
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Medical Imaging Introduction

• Role of medical imaging : assist

Image processing is a series of operations we apply to the image to

measurement or display step, where we summarize the properties of a

Medical Procedures * Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities

Image Acquisition Modalities Image Acquisition Modalities

Image courtesy of A.D.A.M

Image Acquisition Modalities

– Helps doctors determine the degree of the

Image Acquisition Modalities

Modalities can be categorized based on amount of applied energy:

ionizing radiation: applied energy is sufficient to ionize atoms (eject

non-ionizing radiation: insufficient energy to ionize atoms (e.g., MRI,

Typical block diagram

References Behind The X-Ray

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