Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Special Edition
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Aiki News
Please note that the author and publisher of this instructional
book are NOT RESPONSIBLE in any manner whatsoever for any
injury that may result from practicing the techniques and/or
activities following the instructions given within. Since the
physical activities described herein may be too strenuous in
nature for some readers to engage in safely, it is essential that
a physician be consulted prior to training.
ISBN 4-900586-56-0
6M;W+¹Nʪ
ZË«Äz°@ ...................... 122 Tanken tsuki kokyunage ............................ 122
Zæè¬èÔµ ........................ 124 Tankendori kotegaeshi ................................ 124
Zæèܳ@ Z ...................... 126 Tankendori gokyo urawaza ......................... 126
Î@Äè ............................ 128 Ken tai ken kote ........................................ 128
Î@Ê ............................... 130 Ken tai ken men ........................................ 130
Î@Ë« ............................. 134 Ken tai ken tsuki ....................................... 134
eË«Äz° ........................ 136 Juken tsuki kokyunage .............................. 136
eæèÄz° ........................ 138 Jukendori kokyunage ................................. 138
eË«Z³ ............................ 140 Juken tsuki rokkyo .................................... 140
eË«Äz° ......................... 144 Juken tsuki kokyunage .............................. 144
eÎe .............................. 146 Juken tai juken .......................................... 146
æèÄz° .......................... 148 Yaridori kokyunage ..................................... 148
I®ì ................................. 150 Shumatsu dosa .......................................... 150
ÀèZÄz@ P .......................... 154 Suwariwaza kokyuho 1 ............................... 154
ÀèZÄz@ Q ......................... 156 Suwariwaza kokyuho 2 ............................... 156
ÀèZÄz@ R .......................... 158 Suwariwaza kokyuho 3 ............................... 158
ÀèZÄz@ S ......................... 160 Suwariwaza kokyuho 4 ............................... 160
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ièæèÄz@j............. 162 Hiriki no yosei (Morotedori kokyuho) ........... 162
MÌ^® ................................ 164 Se no undo ................................................. 164
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Foreword
I still remember vividly how ecstatic I was when Stanley Pranin first
showed me the book titled Budo written by the Founder Morihei Ueshiba. I
felt convinced that this book was the only document that could validate my
aikido and that the founder had come to assist me. I hoped it wasnt just a
dream.
Around that time, there were those who referred to my aikido as Saito-
ryu aikido. I wanted to answer them saying that it wasnt true and that my
aikido is Ueshiba Morihei-ryu. It was very difficult to restrain myself. In the
early 1960s, even though the Founder was still enjoying good health, he did
not teach weapons or basic taijutsu techniques anywhere other than Iwama.
His teaching elsewhere consisted mainly of demonstration-like performances
with little explanation. This is why my aikido was misunderstood as I have
mentioned above.
Since I discovered Budo, I have always kept it at hand wherever I have
gone. I think I was given the mission of introducing the Founders tech-
niques to as many people as possible because I am entrusted with his dojo.
Fortunately, the techniques I learned directly from the Founder over many
years are nearly the same as the basics presented in Budo.
For this reason, I was delighted to accept the invitation to demonstrate
and explain the techniques of Budo for the next book in my technical series
Takemusu Aikido published by Aiki News.
Aikido is a martial art created by the Founder Morihei Ueshiba. I will be
very pleased if this book can provide a helpful reference for those who
believe that the Founders basic techniques should be the starting point
for their practice of aikido.
Morihiro Saito
at the Aiki Shrine,
May 1999
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Editor's Note
I have long wished to undertake together with Morihiro Saito Shihan this
project of presenting Morihei Ueshibas Budo to a worldwide audience. Saito
Shihan is eminently qualified to provide a detailed view of the historical evo-
lution of aikido technique having lived and trained at the Founders side in
Iwama for more than 20 years.
This special edition of the Takemusu Aikido technical series presents an
historical overview of the Founders aikido techniques from the time of the
mid-1930s through the Iwama period following World War II. It is based on
technical material contained in the manual entitled Budo published in 1938
by Morihei Ueshiba supplemented by the detailed commentary of Morihiro
Saito Shihan.
I would like to express my gratitude to Hitohiro Saito Shihan, 6th dan, for
his cooperation in demonstrating many of the techniques covered in this
volume. Special thanks also go to Jöran Fagerlund and Daniel Toutain, both
high-ranking students of Saito Sensei, for their assistance in taking ukemi
for the technical sequences of this book.
Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Sonoko Tanaka for
her outstanding work in editing and translating the text in coordination with
Saito Sensei. Aiki News Japanese editor Ikuko Kimura also reviewed and
edited the final manuscript.
It is my hope that the publication of this book will contribute greatly to
the preservation and dissemination of the Founders technical legacy.
Stanley A. Pranin
Editor-in-chief, Aikido Journal
May 1, 1999
Introduction to Budo
by Stanley A. Pranin
w¹xÉ¢Ä
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w¹xºa 13 Ns
Budo, 1938 »êÍ 1938NAJcÉæè©ïoųê½w¹x
Æ¢¤Zp̱ÆÅ éB1981 N 11 ÉwC
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14wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
Contents of Budo
Budo measures 18 x 26.7 cm and contains 50 pages
divided into two parts. The first section consists of a
one-page composition titled Dobun (Essay of the Way),
followed by 26 doka (songs or poems), a two-page table
of contents, and an eight-page essay titled The Essence
of Techniques. The second part presents 50 techniques
demonstrated by Morihei Ueshiba in 119, 5.3 cm square
photographs. The technical material covered includes
preparatory exercises, basic techniques, knife (tantodori)
and sword-taking techniques (tachidori), sword vs.
sword forms (ken tai ken), mock-bayonet (juken) tech-
niques, and finishing exercises (shumatsu dosa). Budo
is the only work on aikidoUeshibas art was actually w¹xæè
called aiki budo at this stagein which the Founder Specimen page from Budo
»µÄI®ìÅ éB
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Morihiro Saito referring to Budo
while instructing at Iwama Dojo éBJcÆêz{ÌïÌIÈÖWÍmçêĢȢ
ªAêz{ÉÖ·é¿ÆðjIwiÌîñðí¹
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16wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
Prince Kaya
Prince Kaya, whose Japanese name was, Tsunenori
Kayanomiya, was born in January, 1900. He was the first
son of Prince Kuninori Kayanomiya. The Kayanomiya family
was established as an independent family lineage in 1900.
At the age of 14, Tsunenori attended the Army Central Prepa-
ratory School and was groomed for a military career. He later
attended the Army Officers School and the Army College. As
an army officer, his impressive resume includes the following
posts: Commanding Officer of the Cavalry Regiment, Superin-
tendent of the Army Toyama School, and Superintendent of
the Army College. He rose ultimately to the rank of Lieutenant-
General in the Imperial Japanese Army and was later awarded
the Grand Order of the Chrysanthemum, Third Rank. Also, he
was a first cousin of Nagako Kuninomiya, the mother of the
present Emperor Akihito, who married the Showa Emperor,
Hirohito, in 1924.
Prince Kaya served as Superintendent of the Army Toyama
School in Tokyo from 1942-43. The tradition at the school was
ºaUN ¤RËRwZ
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18wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
Ü\ãÌêz{ ºa 17 N ¤RËRwZ·ã
Prince Kaya in his 50s Prince Kaya when Superintendent of Toyama School, 1942
½OY^²ÌãCÒÆ¢¤±ÆÉÈéB¿ÈÝÉË
RwZ·ÌACúÔÍAðã 1 NÅ Á½BOYÍ
1930 N ÉAÅæ¶ÌíqÆÈÁ½ªAᢠÍ
cyp¥ÌàÆÅmÃðµÄ¢½BOYÍܽAúI
í¹ðh³êðÁ½Éà©©íç¸AÅG
̺mBðØ豯½±ÆÅêôpYÆÈÁ½B
Å͹ÆƵÄÌJcÌ^¿ð^Á½OYàA
âªÄÍJcÌM·×«xÒÆÈÁ½B1930 N
ãyÑ 40 NãO¼Éí½èAJcÍËRwZÅñV
ðó¯ÈªçèúIÉw±·éæ¤ÉÈÁ½ªA±ê
ÔòõV
ÍOYÆÌÖW©çÆvíêéB
Mitsunosuke Akazawa
Jcªêz{ÉÂlIÉC¹ð³¦Ä¢½Æ¢
¤ÀAܽêz{Ì¢gªðl¦ÄàA
w¹xÍ
aºÌ½ßÉìçê½Æ¢¤àªÄÍÜé¾ë¤B
åvÈmÃêƵķñ¾Á½É éJcÌ
cÙ¹êÍA
w¹xªs³ê½ 1938 N ÉÍ
Cð¸¢Â Á½Bí̽ßÉíqBÍêlܽ
ÐÆèÆÁÄ¢Á½BJcÌèðµÄ¢½àíq
ÌÙÆñǪ¥W³ê½èAuèºÆµÄâì
AWAÉh³ê½B
¹êÉÍw±Òàí¸©µ©¨ç¸Am÷éí
qÌ͸ÁÄ¢Á½B»µÄíÌe¿ªÈé
ÆAJcÍËRwZðͶßA¤RìwZAºw
ZACR@ÖwZA¤RåwZACRåwZACRº
wZÈÇÌRÌ{Ýų¦é±Æª½ÈÁ½B
`ÌÆÔòõV
ÔòÌL·éw¹xÌÅãÌy[WÉÍu
`ÌvÆè«ÅL³êĨèA³çÉu1938 N
Ugú@ÔòõVlvÆ éBÔòõVAPO
20wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
were lost to the war effort. Most of the old live-in disciples who
served as teaching assistants were conscripted or volunteered
into military service and many were stationed abroad in China
and Southeast Asia. Faced with a thining teaching staff, few
students attending his private dojo, and the intensification of
Japans war effort, Ueshiba spent much of his time instructing
at such military institutions as the Toyama School, Nakano Spy
School, Naval Academy, Naval War College, Army Secret Police
School, Naval Machinist and Fireman School, Army University,
and other military establishments.
YqÍ»ê¼êw¹xðö©Á½iPOYÍ
1939 NPjª»¶·éÌÍêûÅ éB±Ì £«
ÉÍuAÅçv̼Æóª éB
uAÅçvÍ
Jcª¶OÉgÁ½RÂ̼OÌÐÆÂÅ èAå{
³Ìw±Òoû¤mOY¹t©çö¯çê½àÌÅ
éBà¤êû¼É©Â©Á½w¹xÉàAútàÜ
ßÄ·×į¶£«ª©êÄ¢éªA±êÍJcÌ
e°Å éíOÌíqA)cP²É£æ³ê½àÌ
Å éB
ܸA
u`ÌvÆ¢¤¾tÌg¢ûÉ¢Äl
¦ÄÝæ¤B±êÍå¬C_pÌÚ^Égíêé
ÔòõVÉ¡æ³ê½w pêÅAå¬ÅÍæRiKÌZÌxi36 ÌZj
¹x
ÌÅãÌO[9É é£« ÉnBµ½±ÆðÓ¡·éBgËÛæ¶ÉæéÆAJ
JcÌóÆ AÅçv
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cÍ 1922 NÉcyp¥©ç±ÌÚ^ðò³êÄ
¢éB1930 NãÉÍAJcÍA±Ìå¬ÌÚ^p
Inscription in back of copy of Budo
êðA©ªÅö¯½ÆóÉp¢Ä¢éBµ©µAJc
presented to Mitsunosuke
Akazawa with signature and seal ªgpµ½±Ìu`ÌvªA»ÌÜÜå¬ÌÚ
of Moritaka Ueshiba.
^ÌZðÓ¡·éí¯ÅÍÈ¢BÀÛAÆóðö
¯éû@àêѵĨç¸A»êÙÇ©ç«¿ñ
Ƶ½]¿§xªÅ«Ä¢½©Í^íµ¢BܵÄA
±ÌZpw¹xÍAC¹ðwñÅ¢½ÒÆ¢¤
æèJcÌãÒâ¼Ìdvl¨É¡æ³êÄ¢½æ
¤¾©çÅ éB
ÔòPOYª»ÝL·éw¹xÍAå{³Ì
MÒÅ Á½ÌAõVÉ¡æ³ê½Bå{³
Í_¹ÌêhÅ èA1900 NÌͶߩç{©ç
µµ¢e³ðó¯é 1935 NÜÅÌÔAú{ÅLM
ÒðWßÄ¢½BJcÍAJX}Iw±ÒÅ Á½
oû¤mOY¹ț¢éå{³ÌMSÈMÒÅ
èA²ÌêõÅ Á½Bïé§âÔ¬ÅXÖÇ·ð
µÄ¢½ÔòõVÍAå{³âÔx·Å Á
22wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
Technical Analysis
From a technical standpoint, Budo offers numerous insights
into the prewar martial art of Morihei Ueshiba. It provides a
capsule view of those techniques that Ueshiba considered the
basics and the way they were executed in the mid-1930s. The
½B1932 NÉÍASIȹ¦ïƵÄåú{
¹égïªoû¤mOY¹tÉæÁÄnݳêéÆA
JcÍ»Ìï·ÆÈèA½Ìå{³ÌMÒBÉC
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B
JcÍÔòõV©çðó¯éÈÇÂlI
ɶ`ª Á½BÂÜè 1939 NAJcªâÔÉ©È
èLåÈynðwü·éÛAÔòÌ¢bÉÈÁÄ¢
éÌÅ éBâÔÉÆÆA»Ì±«É¹êð¢Á½J
cÍA1942 NÉâÔÌnÉÚÁ½B»ÌãAC_
Ðð§µA1964 NÉÍqaª¢c³ê½B{aÍ
»ÝàqaÌãëÉÌÌÜÜcÁÄ¢éB
ZÌàeÉ¢Ä
1938 NÉs³ê½w¹xÍAíOÌJcÌ
pÉ¢ÄÌZpIÈ©ðð^¦ÄêéBJcªî
{ÆÝȵ½ZªA1930 N ÌâèûÅvñ³ê
ĨèAZÌðàÍÈÅAñíÉLvÅ éBܽ
w¹xÉ éZÍAJcªcyp¥©çwñ¾å
¬C_p©ç»ãÌC¹ÖÆÏíè Á½
iKð\íµÄ¢éB
w¹xÉ é¢Â©Ìî{
ZAá¦Îê³Aüèg°Alû°Í·ÅÉAí
ãâÔÅJcª³¦½`ÆÙÆñǯ¶àÌÅ éB
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ZªYÝo³êéæ¤ÉÈèA±êðuYCi³
ÀÈéZð¶Ýo·Cj
vÆÄÔæ¤ÉÈÁ½B
ܽw¹x̽ÌZªíZÅ é±ÆÉÁ
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24wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
V¬@Æ
Ìgì_êYÌ
1980 N iÊ^Ej
Kashima Shinto-r yu
sword demonstration by
the late Headmaster
Koic hir o Yoshikawa
(right), c. 1980
ÌmÃÌJc ´öƵÄAJcÌZÉe¿ð^¦½¢Â©Ìp
ó¯ÍÒÄ¡çOtÍ
ª©¢¾¹éBÐÆÂÍA
w¹xªí³ê½ É
1960 N âÔÉÄ
JcªµÄ¢½Æ³êéA500NÌ`ðÂ
Founder Morihei Ueshiba practicing V¬ÌpÌe¿Å éB
w¹xÉÍAV
the sword with the author in Iwama,
c. 1960 ¬Ìg¾©çÌfU誢©ÜÜêÄ¢éB
1937 NÉAÔòPOYƤÉJcÍïé§Ì
É éV¬Ì¹êɳ®ÉüåµÄ¢éB
Jc
Í̹êÅÍÀÛÉmÃ͵ȩÁ½ªAV
¬Ìw±ÒªêNöÌÔAJc̹êÉTêñÊ
¢AgËÛæ¶ÆÔòðÜÞlÌíqÉpð³
¦½BJcÍMSɱêçÌÁÊmÃðÏ@µA»Ì
ãAgËÛæ¶âÔòðèɵA1955 Nç
¢ÜűêçÌp̤𱯽BÌ¿ÉAâÔÅ
Ä¡çOtͪ»ÝÌ`Én§Ä½CÌZÍA
±êçÌ`ɹðu¢½àÌÅ éB
26wYC¹xʪ
Introduction to Budo
Publishing History
Budo was privately published by Ueshiba in a limited edi-
tion and was not distributed through any commercial outlet.
In fact, in the publication note at the end of the book, the
indication Not for sale appears in bold type. From anecdotal
information we know that only a few hundred copies were
printed. Kisshomaru also mentioned in an interview that he
still had in his possession quite a number of uncirculated
copies of Budo. Based on this and the scant number of known
surviving copies, it is safe to assume there was only a single
printing.
For the sake of completeness, it should also be mentioned
that Ueshiba published an earlier manual in 1933. This was a
larger work titled Budo Renshu containing some 211 techniques
depicted in the form of line drawings which covered Ueshibas
ܽAepªw¹xÉüÁÄ¢é±Æ©çAê
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Introduction to Budo
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Introduction to Budo
Historical Importance
In summary, there are several reasons why the manual Budo
is of great importance to aikido history. It is the only source of
organized technical sequences demonstrated by Morihei
Ueshiba replete with explanations. Another large collection of
technical photos of Ueshiba taken at the dojo of the Kodansha
Founder Seiji Noma also survives, but these photographs dating
from 1935 have never been ordered or classified. Moreover, Budo
provides clear testimony to the eclectic nature of Ueshibas tech-
nical system that included not only hundreds of empty-handed
arts, but also numerous weapon-based techniques. Ueshibas
fascination and experimentation with weapons training lasted
most of his martial career. His training with the sword and
staff, in particular, heavily influenced his understanding of the
martial principles of body movement (taisabaki), entering (irimi),
combative distance (maai), and timing.
Although Budo was published in 1938 during the middle
phase of the development of aikido, it is surprisingly modern
in the sense that the Founder had already distanced himself
from the more rigid jujutsu techniques of the Daito-ryu school
in favor of the flowing, circular movements which would come
to characterize modern aikido as we know it today.
Stanley Pranin
May 1999
çÌøFÅ·*
* The use of bold italic type in the following text
denotes oral teachings of Morihei Ueshiba and cites
from the Founders 1938 Training Manual Budo. Also,
note that the main technical sequences are
designated with white numbers on a black
background while photos of alternate views and
close-ups are indicated by black numbers against a
white background.
ZF[MZ¹NÌðà((¶FÄ¡çO
Commentary on the 1938
Training Manual of Morihei Ueshiba
by Morihiro Saito, 9th dan