Marking Scheme for HCI 2018 Prelim Paper 1

Qn Suggested Solution Marking Scheme

1 y G1 – Shape with at least 2
[2] features correct

G1 – all features correct

SR: The maximum point
y = f '( x) could be in the first or second
quadrant

x
1. x-intercept ( a, 0 )
2. x-intercept ( c,0)
3. H.A y = m (above x-axis)
4. y-intercept above H.A y = m

2 Let required equation be y = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d , a, b, c, d ∈ ¡ .

[4] Substitute (0, 0) into equation,
B1 – d = 0 [SOI]
∴ d =0

0.153 a + 0.152 b + 0.15c = 0.1

0.33 a + 0.32 b + 0.3c = 0.125 M1 – Formulate system of
equations with at least 1
0.63 a + 0.62 b + 0.6c = 0.1
equation correct
Using GC, A1 – Correct equation
50 5 B1 – Correct conclusion with
a= , b = − , c =1 substitution of x = 0.45 into (*)
27 2
50 3 5 2 (SOI)
Required equation is y = x − x + x …(*)
27 2
Substitute x = 0.45 into (*), y = 0.1125
∴ the manufacturer's claim is accurate.

3(a)
[1] Q

l
O

p × (a − q) is the shortest distance (or perpendicular distance)

% % % B1 – Correct Geometrical
from Q to l . Interpretation

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OR
p × (a − q) is the area of the parallelogram with adjacent
% % %
vectors p and a − q .
% % %

3(b)
[4] B1 – Writing 3rd side of Δ as
b−a
% %
M1 – Apply cosine rule to obtain
2 2 2
b − a = a + b − 2 a b cos θ
By cosine rule, % % % % %%
2 2 2
b − a = a + b − 2 a b cos θ 2
% % % % %% M1 – Write b − a as
(b − a).(b − a) = a. a + b. b − 2 a b cos θ % %
% % % % %% %% % % (b − a).(b − a) and expand
b. b − b. a − a. b + a. a = a. a + b. b − 2 a b cos θ % % % %
%% %% %% %% %% %% % %
−2a. b = −2 a b cos θ AG1 – Obtain
%% %%
a. b = a b cos θ (shown) −2a. b = −2 a b cos θ and show
%% % % %% %%
that a. b = a b cos θ
%% % %
4(i) 1 1 AG1 – Make use of a > 0,
[7] =
4 2 1 1
compare a+ > to show
Since a > 0, 4 2
1 1 3 1
a+ > >0 − a + <1
4 4 2 4
1 1
a+ >
4 2
1 1
− a+<−
4 2
3 1
∴ − a + <1 (shown)
2 4

1 1
a+ > >0
4 4

(ii) x2 − x − a
≤2 M1 – Place all terms on one side
x −1
and take common denominator
x2 − x − a
−2≤0
x −1
(Algebraic method)

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x2 − x − a − 2x + 2 M1 – Attempt to factorise
≤0 x2 − 3x + 2 − a
x −1
by completing the square or
x 2 − 3x + 2 − a
≤0 using formula
x −1
Method 1: (Algebraic method)
( x − 32 ) 2 − ( 32 ) 2 + 2 − a
≤0
x −1
( x − 32 )2 − ( 14 + a)
≤0
x −1
( x − 32 ) 2 − ( 1+44a ) 2 M1 – Find all the critical values
≤0 and attempt to using a number
x −1 line determine range of x
( x − 32 + 1+24 a )( x − 23 − 1+24 a )
≤0
x −1
 3 1    3 1 
x −  − + a   x −  + + a 
  2 4     2 4   A1 – Correct answer
≤0
x −1
3 1 
Since a is a positive constant,  − + a  < 1 (from (i))
2 4  (Graphical method)
3 1  3
And  + + a  > > 1 M1 – Attempt to sketch graph to
2 4  2 locate parts of the graph below
x-axis

∴ x ≤ 32 − 1+24a or 1 < x ≤ 32 + 1+24a

M1 – Attempt to find x-
intercepts of graph
Method 2: (Graphical method)
a x−2
x−2− ≤0
x −1 x − 1 x 2 − 3x + 2 − a
y
x2 − x A1 – Correct answer
− 2x + 2 − a
−2 x + 2
O −a
x

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x 2 − 3x + 2 − a
Let =0
x −1
∴ x 2 − 3x + 2 − a = 0
3 ± 9 − 4(2 − a )
∴ x=
2
3 1+
=2± 2 a 4

x 2 − 3x + 2 − a
Since ≤ 0,
x −1
∴ x ≤ 32 − 1+24a or 1 < x ≤ 32 + 1+24a

x2 − x − a M1 – Replace x with 1 − x
Replace x in ≤ 2 with 1 − x , we obtain
x −1
(1 − x)2 − (1 − x) − a
≤2
(1 − x) − 1
1 − 2 x + x2 −1 + x − a
≤2
−x
x2 − x − a
≤2
−x
a + x − x2
≤2
x
Hence A1 – Correct answer
1 − x ≤ 32 − 1+24a or 1 < 1 − x ≤ 32 + 1+24a
∴ x ≥ − 12 + 1+24a or − 12 − 1+24a ≤ x < 0

5(i) 1 1 M1 – Apply factor formula

[8] f (r ) − f (r − 1) = cos[α + (r + ) β ] − cos[α + (r − ) β )]
2 2
1
= − 2sin(α + r β ) sin β
2 A1 – Correct answer
(By factor formula)
5(ii) n n
1 M1 – Able to use part (i)
r =0
[f ( r ) − f ( r − 1)] = 
r =0
[ − 2sin(α + r β ) sin β ]
2
1 n
= −2sin β  sin(α + r β )
2 r =0

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sin α + sin(α + β ) + sin(α + 2 β ) + ... + sin(α + nβ )
n
=  sin(α + r β )
r =0
n
M1 – Attempt to use MOD,
 sin(α + r β )
r =0 must show the cancellation and
1 n at least 2 rows in front and at the
=−
1  [f (r ) − f (r − 1)] end
2sin β r =0
2
f (0) − f (1) 
 +f (1) − f (2) 
1  
=−  +... 
1 
2sin β + f (n − 1) − f (n − 2) 
2  
 + f (n) − f (n − 1)] 

1
=− [f (n) − f (−1)]
1
2sin β M1 – Apply factor formula
2
1 1 1
=− {cos[α + (n + ) β ] − cos(α − β )}
1 2 2
2sin β
2
1 n n +1
=− [−2sin(α + β ) sin( )β ]
1 2 2
2sin β
2
A1 – Obtain a and b correctly
n n +1
sin(α + β ) sin( )β
= 2 2 − − − (1)
1
sin β
2
n n +1
Where p = and q = .
2 2
5(iii) Sub β = π Differentiate (1) wrt α : M1 – Sub β = π and attempt to
cos α + cos(α + π ) + cos(α + 2π ) + ... + cos(α + nπ ) differentiate (1) wrt α
 nπ   n + 1  
cos  α +  sin  π 
 2   2  
=
π
sin
2
 nπ   n + 1  
= cos  α +  sin  π  A1 – Show all steps clearly with
 2   2  
the correct answer

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Alternative Solution: M1 – Use of
cos α + cos(α + π ) + cos(α + 2π ) + ... + cos(α + nπ ) π 
n cos θ = sin  − θ  , β = −π
=  cos(α + r β ) 2 
r =0
n
π 
=  sin  − α − r β 
r =0 2 
π nπ    n + 1  
sin  − α −  sin −π  
2 2    2  
=
 π
sin  − 
 2
π nπ    n + 1  
= sin  − α −  sin π  
2 2    2   A1 – Show all steps clearly with
 nπ    n + 1   the correct answer
= cos  α +  sin π  
 2    2  
6(i) dx
[4] = 2 cos t dx dy
dt M1 – Either or correct
dy dt dt
= − sin t
dt
dy − sin t tan t
= =− dy
dx 2 cos t 2 A1 – Correct in terms of t
dx
Equation of tangent T is
tan p
y − 1 − cos p = − ( x − 2sin p)
2 M1 – Form equation of tangent
tan p sin 2 p
y = 1 + cos p − x+
2 cos p
cos 2 p + sin 2 p tan p
= 1+ − x
cos p 2
tan p
= 1 + sec p − x
2
2 y + x tan p = 2(1 + sec p ) AG1 – Correct equation of T
6(ii) When y = 0,
[5] tan p M1 – Substitute x = 0, y = 0 to
x = 1 + sec p find A and B.
2
2 + 2sec p Also accept x = 2 cot p + 2 cosec
x= 2 2
tan p p or x = + .
tan p sin p
When x = 0, y = 1 + sec p

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Method 1: M1 – Apply mid-point formula
 1 + sec p 1 + sec p  x +x y +y 
Coordinates of M =  ,  . M = 1 2 , 1 2 
 tan p 2   2 2 
1 + sec p A1 – Obtain x and y coordinates
y=  sec p = 2 y − 1 of M.
2
1 + sec p 2y
x= =
tan p tan p

Using 1 + tan 2 p = sec2 p , M1 – Form cartesian equation of

2 locus of M using
 2y 
1 +   = (2 y − 1) 2 1 + tan 2 p = sec2 p
 x 
4 y2
1+ 2 = 4 y2 − 4 y +1
x
y = yx 2 − x 2
x 2 = y ( x 2 − 1)
x2 A1 – Correct cartesian equation
y=
x2 −1 of locus of M.
Method 2: M1 – Express
 1 + sec p  x +x y +y 
Coordinates of M =  cot p + cosec p, . M = 1 2 , 1 2 
 2   2 2 
1 + sec p
y=  sec p = 2 y − 1
2 A1 – Obtain x and y coordinates
cos p + 1 of M.
x = cot p + cosec p =
sin p
Using sin 2 p + cos2 p = 1 ,
M1 – Form cartesian equation of
locus of M using
sin 2 p + cos2 p = 1

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2 2 A1 – Correct cartesian equation
 cos p + 1   1 
  +  =1 of locus of M.
 x   2 y −1 
2
 1 
 2 y − 1 + 1
  + 1
2
=1
x (2 y − 1) 2
(2 y ) 2 1
+ =1
(2 y − 1) x (2 y − 1) 2
2 2

4 y 2 + x 2 = (4 y 2 − 4 y + 1) x 2
y 2 = y 2 x 2 − yx 2
x 2 = y ( x 2 − 1)
x2
y=
x2 −1
7 [11] By Plan A, area painted on the nth day B1 – Correct formula
(i) = 7 – (n – 1)0.5
= 7.5 – 0.5n
(ii) n M1 – Form an inequality or use
Total area painted on n days = [ 2(7) − ( n − 1)0.5] ≥ 40
2 GC table involving the sum of
Method 1: AP formula

SR: If students form equation

instead of inequality, award 1
out of 2 marks.

A1 – Correct answer
n Area
7 38.5 < 40
8 42 > 40

He will finish painting his room on the 8th day.

Method 2: M1 – Form an inequality or use

Total area painted on n days = GC table involving the sum of
AP formula

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n
[ 2(7) − (n − 1)0.5] ≥ 40 SR: If students form equation
2
28n − n( n − 1) ≥ 160 instead of inequality, award 1
out of 2 marks.
n 2 − 29n + 160 ≤ 0

A1 – Correct answer

7.41 ≤ n ≤ 21.6
But 7.5 − 0.5n > 0  n < 15
So 8 ≤ n ≤ 14 . Least n = 8.
He will finish painting his room on the 8th day.

(iii) For n ≥ 15, area painted on the nth day = 0 and painting B1 – Correct reason
stops. Therefore Plan A cannot be applied to an arbitrarily
large wall.

14 B1 – Correct largest area.

By GC or using [ 2(7) − (14 − 1)0.5] = 52.5 , largest area that
2
Plan A can be applied to is 52.5 m2.

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(iv) 1 − 0.8n M1 – Apply correct GP formula
7 ≥ 0.7 × 40 for Sn
1 − 0.8
1 − 0.8n M1 – Form inequality Sn ≥
≥4
0.2 0.7×40 and attempt to solve
1 − 0.8n ≥ 0.8 algebraically.
0.8n ≤ 0.2
n ln 0.8 ≤ ln 0.2 A1 – Correct number of days.
n ≥ 7.21
He needs 8 days to finish painting at least 70% of his room.
(v) If he chooses Plan B, total area painted after an infinite
7 B1 – Correct conclusion with
number of days = = 35 < 40 . He cannot finish
1 − 0.8 reason with correct formula for
painting his room. Therefore he should choose Plan A. sum to infinity used and the
answer is < 40
8[10] x+2
y=
(i) x(x + k)
dy x ( x + k ) − ( x + 2 )( 2 x + k ) dy
= 2
M1 – Attempt to find using
dx  x ( x + k )  dx
quotient/product rule
x 2 + kx − 2 x 2 − kx − 4 x − 2k
= 2
 x ( x + k ) 
x 2 + 4 x + 2k
=− 2
 x ( x + k ) 

dy
Let = 0  x 2 + 4 x + 2k = 0
dx M1 – Use Discriminant < 0 to
For no stationary points, obtain a linear inequality involving
Discriminant < 0 k
16 − 4 ( 2k )(1) < 0
k >2

x+2 1
When k = 2, y = = , x ≠ −2
x ( x + 2) x
 No stationary points when k = 2 A1 – correct answer k ≥ 2

∴k ≥ 2

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8(ii) y
G1 – Shape (with 2 turning points)
G1 – at least 4 out of 6 features
G1 – All correct

1. x-intercept ( −2, 0 )
2. min ( −4.83, −0.0858)
x
3. max ( 0.828, −2.91)
4. V.A x = 2
5. V.A x = 0 (SOI)
6. H.A y = 0 (SOI)

8(iii) m = 0, − 0.0858 or − 2.91 ( to 3s.f ) B1 – All 3 values correct

8(iv) x 4 − 4 x3 + 3x 2 + x − 2 = 0
x 4 − 4 x3 + 3x 2 + 2 x = x + 2
x ( x − 2 ) ( x 2 − 2 x − 1) = x + 2 M1 – attempt to find the expression
of the second curve by rearranging
x+2 the terms
x2 − 2 x −1 = And sketch the correct curve
x ( x − 2)
y = x2 − 2 x −1

2
Sketch the graph of y = x − 2 x − 1 in (ii)
y

AG1 – conclude with reference

to diagram

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2
Since the graph y = x − 2 x − 1 intersect the graph
x+2
y= at two distinct points, there are 2 real roots to
x ( x − 2)
the equation x 4 − 4 x 3 + 3 x 2 + x − 2 = 0 .

9[12] 4iz − w = 9i − 13 ------- (1) M1 – Either let

(a) (4 + 2i) w* = z + 3i -----(2) z = x + iy , x ∈ ¡ , y ∈ ¡ or
Let w = x + iy w = a + ib a ∈¡ , b ∈ ¡ and
4i[(4+2i)( x − iy ) − 3i] − ( x + iy ) = 9i − 13 attempt to solve the
4i[(4x +2xi − 4iy + 2 y − 3i] − x − iy ) = 9i − 13
simultaneous equations
16ix − 8 x + 16 y + 8 yi+12 − x − iy = 9i − 13

Compare real and imaginary parts M1 – Use of w* = x − iy and

16y − 9 x = −25 ------- (3)
attempt to compare real and
16y + 8 y − y = 9 imaginary parts to form two
16x + 7 y = 9 ---------- (4) simultaneous equation
From (3)
16 y + 25
x=
9
From (4)
 16 y + 25 
16   + 7y = 9
 9 
256 y + 400 + 63 y = 81
319 y = −319
y = −1 A1 – Either Obtain w = 1 − i or
16( −1) + 25 z = 2+3i
x= =1
9
∴ w = 1− i A1 – All the answers correct
z = (4 + 2i)(1 + i) − 3i = 2+3i

9(bi) u2 u 25
2 B1 – Correct value of r i.e
*
= * = u 2 25
v v 6 =
v* 6
 u2 
arg  *  = 2 arg u − arg v * ----- (1)
v  π
π π π B1 – Correct arg v* = −
i −i i 6
v = 6e 2 e 3
= 6e 6

π M1 – Apply correct properties

arg v* = −
6 arg u 2 − arg v *
From (1)

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 u2 
arg  * 
v 
 7π   π 
= 2 −− 
 12   6 
4π
= u2
3 A1 – Correct answer for
v*
 u2  4π 2π
Arg  *  = −2π + =−
v  3 3
 2π 
u 2 25 − i 
= e 3 

v* 6
9 7
nπ i M1 – Apply properties of
(bii) un
5e n 12
 u2 
=
v * π
− i arg  *  using previous part and
6e 6 v 
π
7
5n  12 nπ + 6 i (2k + 1)π
= e equate it to either or
6 2
To be purely imaginary (2k − 1)π
OR to compare it with
7 nπ + 2π (2k + 1)π 2
= , k ∈¢
12 2 π 3π 5π
± ,± ,± ... or to equate
12k + 4 = 7n 2 2 2
k = 2, n = 4 real part to zero and solve for n
k = 9 , n = 16
k = 16 , n = 28 A1 – All three answers for n are
correct by observation

10[14]
(a)(i)
x x + 1 dx
M1 – Identify correct u and v '
2x 2
= ( x − 1) 2 −  ( x − 1) 2 dx
3 3
and use the correct formula for
3 3 integration by parts
2x 4
= ( x − 1) 2 + ( x − 1) 2 + c
3 5

3 15 A1 – Correct answer

u = x  u' =1
2 3
v ' = x −1  v = ( x − 1) 2
3

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10
y
(a)(ii)

0 x

a + 30 = a + x x − 1
a + 30 = a + x x − 1
900 = x 2 ( x − 1) B1 – Attempt to solve for x = 10
x 3 − x 2 − 900 = 0
x = 10

10
Vc = π  a + x x + 1 dx
1
10 M1 – Correct Vc or
= π [ ax ]0 +  x x + 1 dx
10

( )
1 2
10 9π a + 30
= 9aπ +

1
x x + 1 dx

10

= 9aπ +  2 x( x − 1) 2  − 2 ( x − 1) 2 dx
3 3
10

3 1 3
1
10

= 9aπ + π  2 x( x − 1) 2 − 4 ( x − 1) 2 
3 5

3 15 1
= 9aπ + π  2700 − 972 
 15 15 
 1728  3
=  9a +  π units
 15 

( )
2
V = 9π a + 30 − Vc
M1 – Find the required volume
1728
( )
2
= 9π ( a + 30) − (9a + )π using V = 9π a + 30 − Vc
15
774π 3
= units
5 A1 – Obtain Exact volume
774
π
5

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10 y
(c)(i)

O x
M1 – Attempt to find area of
n − 1 rectangles with the area of
1  1 the first and the last rectangle
Area of 1st rectangle = ln 1 +  correct
n  n
1  2
Area of 2nd rectangle = ln 1 + 
n  n
1  3
Area of 3rd rectangle = ln 1 + 
n  n
Μ
1  n −1 
Area of ( n − 1) th rectangle = ln 1 + 
n  n 

1  1  2  3  n − 1 
A=  ln 1 +  + ln 1 +  + ln 1 +  + L + ln 1 + 
n  n  n  n  n  
1  1  2  3   n − 1 
= ln 1 + 1 + 1 + L 1 + 
n  n  n  n   n  
1  n + 1  n + 2  n + 3   2n − 1  
= ln    L  
n  n  n  n   n  
1  ( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3)K ( 2n − 1) 
= ln   AG1 – Apply laws of logarithms
n  n n −1  to show the expression given

1 1
10
u = ln(1 + x)  u ' = M1 – Use lim A =  ln (1 + x ) dx
(c)(ii) 1+ x n →∞ 0

v ' = 1 v = x and apply integration by parts

correctly
1
lim A =  ln (1 + x ) dx
n →∞ 0

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 Marking Scheme for HCI 2018 Prelim Paper 1

Qn Suggested Solution Marking Scheme

1 1 1 1
= [ x ln(1 + x ) ]0 −  1 −  1 − 1 + x dx
1
dx M1 – Rewrite as
0 1+ x 0

= [ x ln(1 + x)]0 − [ x − ln(1 + x)] and integrate correctly

1 1
0

= ln 2 − [1 − ln 2] A1 – Correct answer in exact

2
= 2 ln 2 − 1 units form

11(i) 4000
Floor area xy = 4000  y =
x
2
 y
Area A = 2(4 x) + 2 x ( 0.01y ) 2 2
+ 
2
M1 – Express A in terms of x and
y
2 2
 40002   4000  4000
= 8 x + 2 x  0.01 2  +   M1 – Substitute y =
 x   2x  x
1600002 20002
= 8x + 2 x +
x4 x2
6400 AG1 – Able to simplify to given
= 8 x + 4000 +1 expression
x2
11(ii) dA  6400 
−1/2
 12800  M1 – Apply Chain Rule to get
= 8 + 2000  2 + 1 − 3  = 0
( f (x) )  − 3  .
dx 1 −1/2 k
 x   x 
−1/2 2  x 
 6400  25600000
 2 + 1 =8
M1 – Equate
dA
= 0 and
 x  x3
dx
3200000 6400 simplify to given expression
3
= +1
x x2
A1 – Correct value of a in any
1.024 × 1013 6400
= 2 +1 form e.g. a = 32000002 = 2010.
x6 x
13
a = 1.024 × 10
11(iii)

B1 – Correct value of x to 3 s.f.

By GC, x = 140.6342 = 141 to 3 s.f.

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 Marking Scheme for HCI 2018 Prelim Paper 1

Qn Suggested Solution Marking Scheme

Method 1: B1 – Apply 1st or 2nd derivative test

x 140.63– 140.63 140.63+ [only award mark if value of x is
–ve 0 +ve correct]
dA
dx
\ – /
Method 2:
−1/2
d 2 A  6400   76800000 
= + 1  
dx 2  x 2   x4 
−3/2
 6400   12800000  12800 
+  2 + 1  −  − 3 
 x   x3  x 
> 0 when x = 140.6342
Hence A is minimum when x = 141 to 3 s.f. B1 – Correct minimum cost
 6400 
Minimum Cost = 8(140.6342) + 4000 2
+ 1  2.50
 140.6342 
= $14317.43 (nearest cents)
= $14300 (to 3 s.f.)
11(iv) −1/2
dA  6400  25600000
From (ii), = 8 −  2 + 1 M1 – Attempt Chain rule to find
dx  x  x3
dA
dA dA dx or apply implicit
When x = 200, = dx
d t dx d t differentiation to obtain an
  6400 −1/2 25600000  dA dx
= 8 −  2
+ 1 2 equation involving and
  200  2003  dt dt
= 10.0577
M1 – Attempt to substitute
= 10.1 unit 2 /min (3 s.f.) dx
x = 200 and =2
dt

A1 – Correct answer to 3 s.f.

12(i) the concentration of A and B at time t are ( a − x ) and (b − x ) B1 – both answers correct
mol/dm3 respectively

12(ii) dx B1 – Correct answer

= k ( a − x )(b − x ), k ∈ ¡ +
dt
12(iii) dx B1 – Correct Max value for x is
Max value for x is a, Q = 0 and after x = a there is no
dt a
more concentration of substance A for reaction to continue. B1 – state correct reason

Page 17 of 18
 Marking Scheme for HCI 2018 Prelim Paper 1

Qn Suggested Solution Marking Scheme

12(iv) dx M1 – correct method of
= k (a − x) 2
dt integration  (a − x) −2 dx

 (a − x)
−2
dx = kt
(a − x)−1 = kt + C
1
x=a− − − − (1) A1 – correct expression (1)
kt + C
1 accept Answer without constant
When t = 0, x = 0  c =
a
M1 – Use of initial value to find
1
x=a− constant
1
kt +
a
a A1 – Correct particular solution
x=a−
akt + 1 x=a−
a
akt + 1
x

S A1 – correct graph with

t asymptote and initial value
0 labelled

12(v) dx1 dx B1
=4
dt dt
12(vi) B2 – one mark for each curve
showing clearly relative position
x Do not Accept graphs with S and
S1 overlapping each other at the
S
S1 tail ends

t
0

12(vii) From the graph, α < β . B1 – correct α < β

dx dx
Q 1 for S1 > for S and both curves start from the origin.
dt dt B1 – correct reason explain
using the concentration of the

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