FORMULA DERIVATIONS

In flash ADC,there are 3 components that important to converted the analog to digital
output :
A) Voltage divider circuit (VDR)
B) Comparator
C) Priority encoder

Formula :
First,to design the flash ADC we must know how much comparator and resistor that
been used and it is can be solved by using these formula;
 2n-1 = comparator

 2n = resistor
n = Bit

Next,the value of every v in each resistor can be found by using these formula :

R Vref
x Vref 
1 =
R  2R 8
V

RR 2
x Vref  Vref
V2 = 8R 8 ………

Vref
8
1 LSB =
 Figure 1.1

From the figure 1.1,shown the example of 3-bits Flash ADC.

23 = 8 resistors

28-1 = 7 comparators
In this ADC,there are 8 resistors and 7 comparators that been used and the value of v
are shown below :
Vref = 8V
Vref 8
  1v
V1 = 8 8
 2 2 7
Vref  (8)  2v (8)  7v
V2 = 8 8 …….. V7 = 8

After all the value of resistor,comparator and v have been calculated we can
convert the ADC.From the example,the value of analog input voltage(Vin) which is
5.5v and it is on the positive sign and for the value of v was connected to negative
sign.If the input voltage was high than reference voltage,so the value will be 1 and if
the input voltage was low than reference voltage,the value will be 0 as
well.Therefore,the values in each comparator is (0 0 1 1 1 1 1),the input voltage 5.5v
are greater than 5v but it less than 6 so it is assign in input 5 because it is a priority
input and it is ignoring those lower input.Hence,the final input is 5 and the ouput will
be ( 1 0 1 ).

Figure 1.2

From the figure 1.2 shown same 3-bit Flash ADC but using a different input
voltage which is 3.5v.The value for each comparators are slightly difference which is
(0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ) and as we know the input voltage is 3.5v,so it is between input 3 and 4
but it is actually assign to 3 and the output will be ( 0 1 1).