SOLARES, FIEL ERICSON R.

BSCE 4 – MECHANICS OF FLUIDS: ACTIVITY NO. 2

1. A vertical rectangular gate as shown is 5 m wide, 9 m high is hinged at the top, has oil (sp.gr. = 0.84)
standing 10 m deep on one side, the liquid surface being under a pressure of -16.48 kPa.
a. Compute the hydrostatic force acting on the gate.
b. How far is the force acting below the hinged?
c. How much horizontal force applied at the bottom of is needed to open the gate?

SOLUTION:
a. Force acting on the gate:
𝝆𝒐𝒊𝒍
𝑺𝑮𝒐𝒊𝒍 =
𝝆𝒘

𝝆𝒐𝒊𝒍
0.84 =
1 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3

𝑘𝑔
𝝆𝒐𝒊𝒍 = 0.84 ⁄ 3
𝑚
𝑷 = 𝝆𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒈𝒉𝟏
𝑘𝑔
16.48 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (0.84 ⁄ 3 ) (9.81 𝑚⁄ 2 ) (ℎ1 )
𝑚 𝑠
𝒉𝟏 = 2 𝑚

𝒉𝟐 = 10 − ℎ1 − 4.5 = 3.5 𝑚

𝑭𝑷 = 𝜸𝒉𝑨
𝑭𝑷 = (𝝆𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒈)𝒉𝑨

𝑭𝑷 = (0.84 𝑘𝑁⁄ 3 ) (9.81 𝑚⁄ 2 ) (3.5𝑚)(5𝑚)(9𝑚)

𝑚 𝑠
𝑭𝑷 = 1297.863 𝑘𝑁

b. Location of the force below the hinged:

𝑰𝒄
𝒆=
𝑺𝒄 𝑨

(𝟓)(𝟗)𝟑
[ ]
𝟏𝟐
𝒆 = (𝟑.𝟓)(𝟓)(𝟗)

𝒆 = 1.929 𝑚
𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟗 + 𝟒. 𝟓

𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒅 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟐𝟗 𝒎

c. Horizontal force needed to open the gate:

𝚺𝑴𝒐 = 𝟎
F(9) = 1297.863(6.429)
𝑭 = 𝟗𝟐𝟕. 𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝒌𝑵
 2. A gate 3m high, 1.5m wide is hinged at point B and rests against a smooth wall at A. Point A is 1.8m
vertically above B. If the total depth of sea water is 4.6m
a. Compute the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate.
b. Compute the location of the center of pressure from B
c. Compute the horizontal force exerted by the wall at A.

SOLUTION:

a. Total hydrostatic force acting on the gate:

1.8
𝒉𝟏 = 4.6 − = 3.7 𝑚
2
𝑷 = 𝜸𝒔𝒘 𝒉𝟏 𝑨
𝑷 = (10.06 𝑘𝑁⁄ 3 ) (3.7𝑚)(1.5𝑚)(3𝑚)
𝑚
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟔𝟕. 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵

b. Location of the center of pressure from B:

1.8
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
2.4
𝜽 = 36.87°
3.7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 36.87° =
𝑦
𝒚 = 6.17 𝑚

𝑰𝒄
𝒆=
𝒚𝑨
1.5(3)3
[ 12 ]
𝒆= (6.17)(1.5)(3)
𝒆 = 0.122 𝑚
𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑩 = 1.5 − 0.122
𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎

c. Horizontal force exerted by the wall at A:

𝚺𝑴𝒐 = 𝟎
F(sin 36.87°) (3) = 167.50(1.38)
𝑭 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟐 𝒌𝑵
 3. Assuming the unit weight of water = 9.79 kN/m3
a. Compute the horizontal component of the hydrostatic force on the quarter of circle face of the tank
shown.
b. Compute the vertical component of the hydrostatic force on the quarter of circle face of the tank
shown.
c. Compute the resultant force.

SOLUTIONS:

a. Horizontal component of the hydrostatic force:

̅𝑨
𝑷𝒉 = 𝜸𝒘 𝒉
𝑷 = 9.79 𝑘𝑁⁄ 3 (4.5𝑚)(1𝑚)(7𝑚)
𝑚
𝑷 = 𝟑𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵

b. Vertical component of the hydrostatic force:

𝑷𝒗 = 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝜋(1)2
𝑷𝒗 = [(5𝑚)(7𝑚)(1𝑚) − (7)] (9.79 𝑘𝑁⁄ 3 )
4 𝑚
𝑷𝒗 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝑵

c. Resultant force
𝑹 = √(288.827)2 + (308.385)2
𝑹 = 𝟒𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟏𝟗 𝒌𝑵