New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol.
23 : 431-489
OO28-825X/85/23O3-O431$2.5O/O © Crown copyright 1985
A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
with a synonymic checklist of species
P. J. BROWNSEY
National Museum, Private Bag
Wellington, New Zealand
D. R. GIVEN
Botany Division, DSIR
Private Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand
J. D. LOVIS
Botany Department, University of Canterbury
Christchurch, New Zealand
Abstract A revised classification and checklist
of New Zealand pteridophytes is presented, based
on recently published phyletic schemes for the
Pteridophyta, and on revisions of individual
families and genera. The list comprises 211 species
of which 22 are adventive and 189 native; the latter
include 8 unnamed species (either undescribed or
unidentified) and a further 6 which are subdivided
into separate subspecies. Of the native taxa, 89 spe-
cies (47%) and 3 subspecies (50%) are believed to
be endemic to the New Zealand botanical region.
Individual taxa are discussed with particular refer-
ence to recent revisions and areas requiring further
study. Synonymic and alphabetical lists are pro-
vided of all validly published pteridophyte names
based on New Zealand types or used by authors
with reference to the New Zealand flora. The more
important species erroneously or dubiously
recorded for New Zealand are also listed.
Keywords checklist; classification; erroneous
records; ferns; New Zealand flora; nomenclature;
plant taxonomy; pteridophytes; synonymic list
INTRODUCTION
The currently accepted standard reference work on
the New Zealand pteridophytes is still the treat-
ment by Allan (1961) in Volume I of the "Flora of
New Zealand". This has since been supplemented
by two well-illustrated and widely-read publica-
tions (Crookes 1963, Heath & Chinnock 1974), but
Received 5 October 1984; accepted 29 January 1985
431
regrettably neither of them is comprehensive in its
coverage, the former dealing only with the Filicop-
sida and the latter omitting many of the rarer and
South Island species.
Allan's work on the pteridophytes, though not
published until 1961, was actually completed many
years previously and was based on the classifica-
tion proposed by Holttum (1949). Holttum himself
(1973a) has now revised many of his earlier ideas
whilst in recent years several other workers (Nayar
1970, Crabbe et al. 1975, Lovis 1977, Pichi Ser-
molli 1977) have also produced phyletic schemes
of their own which depart radically from tradi-
tional ideas of fern evolution. In the light of these
changing concepts of fern classification it is clearly
desirable that some attempt be made to provide a
more modern arrangement for the New Zealand
pteridophyte flora.
Our concepts of families and genera are also
changing and in the twenty or more years since
Allan's work there have been major revisions of
such families as Hymenophyllaceae (Morton 1968),
Cyatheaceae (Tryon 1970), and Thelypteridaceae
(Holttum 1971) as well as generic revisions of Las-
treopsis (Tindale 1965), Doodia (Partis 1972), Tme-
sipteris (Chinnock 1975), Grammitis (Parris &
Given 1976), Lindsaea (Kramer & Tindale 1976),
Asplenium (Brownsey 1977a, b), Deparia (Kato
1984), and Hypolepis (Brownsey & Chinnock 1984).
These, together with other smaller revisions, addi-
tions of new species, and sundry nomenclatural
changes, have resulted in a situation where a high
proportion of the names used by Allan (1961) are
out of date.
In recent years, too, New Zealand botanists have
become increasingly aware of the importance of
adventive species. Though the number of intro-
duced pteridophytes is small, there are some which
are of significant distribution or economic impor-
tance. None are included in Allan's Flora, where
only the native species are dealt with, but they have
recently been listed by Brownsey (1980).
No comprehensive study of the New Zealand
pteridophyte flora similar to those produced by
Brownlie (1969, 1977) for New Caledonia and Fiji
has yet been attempted, and over two decades have
elapsed since the publication of Volume 1 of Allan's
Flora. The purpose of the present publication is
therefore to provide an interim review of the
increased knowledge of New Zealand pteridophyte
432
taxonomy and to suggest areas where further work
is desirable. Specifically this includes:
i) A revised classification and checklist of New
Zealand pteridophytes based on other recently
published phyletic schemes for the Pteridophyta.
ii) Comment on individual taxa with particular
reference to recent revisions and areas requiring
further study.
iii) A synonymic list of all the published pterido-
phyte names either based on New Zealand material
or used by authors with reference to the New
Zealand flora.
iv) A list of the more important species erro-
neously or dubiously recorded for New Zealand.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE NEW ZEALAND
PTERIDOPHYTA
In the last 15 years, at least five phylogenetic class-
ifications of the Pteridophyta or Filicopsida have
been proposed (Nayar 1970, Crabbe et al. 1975,
Lovis 1977, Pichi Sermolli 1977, Tryon & Tryon
1982). Despite many differences in the detailed
arrangements of families and genera in these
schemes and in the levels of the hierarchical groups
adopted, there are some encouraging signs of broad
agreement. Within the more advanced ferns, for
example, the classification of which has always
proved the most contentious, three major lines of
evolution have been recognised in all but the last
of the proposed schemes:
i) Schizaeoid ferns leading to the adiantoid ferns,
ii) Gleichenioid ferns leading to the dipteroid,
polypodioid, and grammitioid groups,
iii) Cyatheoid, thelypteroid, and dennstaedtioid
ferns leading to the asplenioid, dryopteroid, dav-
allioid, and blechnoid groups.
However, Jarrett (1980) has recently criticised the
association of the Polypodiaceae and Grammiti-
daceae with the gleichenioid ferns, and believes that
they are allied to advanced indusiate families (see
p. 439). Her ideas on the relationships of the poly-
podioid ferns are reflected in the essentially con-
servative scheme of Tryon & Tryon.
Placement of the filmy ferns and their satellite
groups remains the major area of disagreement
between the other four schemes, Nayar and Pichi
Sermolli including them in the cyatheoid line, whilst
Crabbe et al. and Lovis retain them as a quite
separate group. Of lesser concern are the Marsi-
leales which are placed as an off-shoot of the schi-
zaeoid line by Lovis and Pichi Sermolli but left
undecided by Crabbe et al. and ignored by Nayar.
Only Crabbe et al. and Pichi Sermolli have
treated the fern allies in detail but there appears to
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
be no major disagreement between them — neither
author choosing to include the Psilotales within the
Filicopsida as suggested by Bierhorst (1971, 1977).
Pichi Sermolli has, however, rearranged the fern
allies, moving the Psilotopsid line closer to the true
ferns.
The classification outlined here owes something
to all the recently proposed schemes but is iden-
tical to none of them. It is probably closest in over-
all concept to that of Pichi Sermolli, but differs in
the transposition of the schizaeoid and gleichenioid
lines, and most significantly in the hierarchical
levels adopted for different taxa. Pichi Sermolli is
more divisive in his taxonomic approach than us,
with the result that his subclasses correspond to
our orders, and his orders approximate to our
families. In the circumscription of families (though
not in systematic arrangement) our scheme is iden-
tical with that of Tryon & Tryon (1982) except for
the Grammitidaceae which they include with
Polypodiaceae.
No consideration has been given to subclasses or
subfamilies in this classification, the purpose being
simply to provide a more modern arrangement of
the New Zealand taxa rather than a complete phy-
logenetic break-down. The latter can only be
achieved by consideration of all the known fern
taxa and is outside the scope of the present paper.
Genera and species are arranged alphabetically
within families.
The list of species accepted here and the choice
of names for them are in some instances purely a
matter of personal opinion based on available
knowledge at this time. Some compromise has been
necessary, even between the three authors of this
paper — the question of Cyathea versus Alsophila
and Sphaeropteris being perhaps the best example.
It is hoped, however, that the list will provide a
reference point for future work on the New Zealand
flora, and that the accompanying notes will indi-
cate where the Rules of Nomenclature dictate the
adoption of a particular name, or alternatively
where a valid choice exists.
CHECKLIST OF NEW ZEALAND
PTERIDOPHYTA
A = species adventive in New Zealand
C = species confined to the Chatham Islands
E = species endemic to the New Zealand botanical
region
K = species confined to the Kermadec Islands
within the New Zealand region
PK = species confined to the Poor Knights Islands
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 433

PSILOTOPSIDA Todea barbara (L.) T. Moore

PSILOTALES SCHIZAEALES
Psilotaceae Schizaeaceae
Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Lygodium articulatum A. Rich. (E)
Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard Schizaea australis Gaudich.
lanceolata P. A. Dangeard bifida Willd.
sigmatifolia Chinnock dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith
tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh. (E) fistulosa Labill.
LYCOPSIDA Pteridaceae
Adiantum aethiopicum L.
LYCOPODIALES capillus-veneris L. (A)
Lycopodiaceae cunninghamii Hook. (E)
Lycopodium australianum Herter diaphanum Blume
cernuum L. formosum R. Br.
deuterodensum Herter fulvum Raoul (E)
fastigiatum R. Br. hispidulum Swartz
laterale R. Br. raddianum C. Presl (A)
ramulosum Kirk (E) viridescens Col. (E)
scariosum Forst. f. Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link
serpentinum Kunze Cheilanthes distans (R. Br.) Mett.
varium R. Br. sieberi Kunze
volubile Forst. f. Pellaea falcata (R. Br.) Fee
Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Hook. (E)
SELAGINELLALES sp. (dry rocky areas)
Selaginellaceae Pteris comans Forst. f.
Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun (A) cretica L. (A)
moellendorffii Hieron. (A) macilenta A. Rich. (E)
sp. (Whangarei Falls) (A) saxatilis Carse (E)
tremula R. Br.
ISOETALES GLEICHENIALES
Isoetaceae Gleicheniaceae
hoetes alpinus Kirk (E) Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) L. Underw.
kirkii A. Braun (E) Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br.
EQUISETOPSIDA microphylla R. Br.
EQUISETALES Sticherus cunninghamii (Hook.) Ching (E)
flabellatus (R. Br.) H. St. John
Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense L. (A) Grammitidaceae
Anarthwpteris lanceolata (Hook, f.) Pichi Serm.
FILICOPSIDA (E)
OPHIOGLOSSALES Ctenopteris hetewphylla (Labill.) Tindale
Ophioglossaceae Grammitis billardieri Willd.
Botrychium australe R. Br. ciliata Col. (E)
biforme Col. (E) givenii Parris (E)
lunaria (L.) Swartz magellanica Desv. subsp. magellanica
Ophioglossum coriaceum A. Cunn. magellanica Desv. subsp. nothofageti
petiolatum Hook. Parris
patagonica (C. Chr.) Parris
MARATTIALES poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi Serm.
Marattiaceae pseudociliata Parris (E)
Marattia salicina J. E. Smith rawlingsii Parris (E)
OSMUNDALES rigida Hombron (E)
Osmundaceae Polypodiaceae
Leptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) C. Presl Phymatosorus diversifolius (Willd.) Pichi Serm.
(E) novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm.
superba (Col.) C. Presl (E) (E)
Osmunda regalis L. (A) scandens (Forst. f.) Pichi Serm.
434 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

Polypodium vulgare L. (A) Hypolepis ambigua (A. Rich.) Brownsey et

Pyrrosia serpens (Forst. f.) Ching (E) Chinnock (E)
dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook.
HYMENOPHYLLALES distans Hook.
Hymenophyllaceae lactea Brownsey et Chinnock (E)
Hymenophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Kirk (E) millefolium Hook. (E)
atrovirens Col. (E) rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. (E)
bivalve (Forst. f.) Swartz subantarctica Brownsey et Chinnock
cupressiforme Labill. (E)
demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E) Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Diels (E)
dilatatum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E?) Lindsaea linearis Swartz
ferrugineum Colla trichomanoides Dryander
flabellatum Labill. viridis Col. (E)
flexuosum A. Cunn. (E) Paesia scaberula (A. Rich.) Kuhn (E)
lyallii Hook. f. Pteridium esculentum (Forst. f.) Cockayne
malingii Hook.) Mett. (E) Aspleniaceae
minimum A. Rich. (E) Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. subsp. bulbiferum
multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E) bulbiferum Forst. f. subsp. gracillimum
peltatum (Poiret) Desv. (Col.) Brownsey (E?)
pulcherrimum Col. (E) chathamense Brownsey (E, C)
rarum R. Br. flabellifolium Cav.
revolutum Col. (E) flaccidum Forst. f. subsp. flaccidum
rufescens Kirk (E) flaccidum Forst. f. subsp. haurakiense
sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz Brownsey (E)
(E) hookerianum Col.
scabrum A. Rich. (E) lamprophyllum Carse (E)
villosum Col. (E) lyallii (Hook, f.) T. Moore (E)
Trichomanes colensoi Hook. f. (E) oblongifolium Col. (E)
elongatum A. Cunn. obtusatum Forst. f. subsp. obtusatum
endlicherianum C. Presl obtusatum Forst. f. subsp. northlandi-
reniforme Forst. f. (E) cum Brownsey
strictum Hook, et Grev. (E) pauperequitum Brownsey et P. Jack-
venosum R. Br. son (E, PK)
Dicksoniaceae polyodon Forst. f.
Dicksonia fibrosa Col. (E) richardii (Hook, f.) Hook. f. (E)
lanata Col. (E) scleroprium Hombron (E)
squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz (E) shuttleworthianum Kunze (K)
terrestre Brownsey subsp. terrestre
Cyatheaceae terrestre Brownsey subsp. maritimum
Cyathea colensoi (Hook, f.) Domin (E) Brownsey (E)
cunninghamii Hook. f. trichomanes L. subsp. quadrivalens
dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz (E) Meyer emend. Lovis
kermadecensis W. R. B. Oliver (E, K) trichomanes L. subsp. (hexaploid)
medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman (A)
milnei Hook. f. (E, K) Pleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.) Fee
smithii Hook. f. (E)
Thelypteridaceae Dryopteridaceae
Christella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey et Jermy Arachniodes aristata (Forst. f.) Tindale (K)
sp. (Kermadecs, thermal areas) Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (A)
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl (A)
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching (K) Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (A)
Pneumatopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Holttum tasmanica Hook.
Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. Morton Deparia petersenii (Kunze) Kato subsp. congrua
(Brackenr.) Kato
Loxsomataceae tenuifolia (Kirk) Kato (E)
Loxsoma cunninghamii A. Cunn. (E) Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef.
Dennstaedtiaceae Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins (A)
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray (A)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 435

filix-mas (L.) Schott (A) Table 1 Numbers of native and adventive fern species
Lastreopsis glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale (E) in New Zealand.
hispida (Swartz) Tindale
microsora (Endl.) Tindale subsp. pen- Species Subspecies
tangularis (Col.) Tindale (E) Total Endemic Total Endemic
velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale (E)
sp. (Kermadecs) (E, K) Native 189* 89 (47%) 6t 3 (50%)
Polystichum cystostegia (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. (E) Adventive 22f
lentum (D. Don) T. Moore (A) Total 211
proliferum R. Br. (A)
richardii (Hook.) J. Smith (E) "includes 8 unnamed; fincludes 1 unnamed.
setiferum (Forsskal) Woynar (A)
silvaticum (Col.) Diels (E)
vestitum (Forst. f.) C. Presl (E)
sp. (Chathams, Snares?) (E?) COMMENT ON INDIVIDUAL TAXA
Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Ching The numbers of native and adventive species in
Davalliaceae New Zealand are given in Table 1.
Arthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) Hook. f.
Davallia tasmanii Field (E) Psilotaceae
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl (A) As discussed in detail elsewhere (Brownsey & Lovis,
hirsutula (Forst. f.) C. Presl (K) in prep.), we believe that the balance of morphol-
sp. (Kermadecs, thermal areas) ogical, cytological, and chemotaxonomic evidence
Blechnaceae does not support Bierhorst's (1971, 1977), proposal
Blechnum banksii (Hook, f.) Diels (E) to include the Psilotaceae within the Filicopsida.
chambersii Tindale Nor does the cytological evidence lend support to
colensoi (Hook, f.) Wakef. (E) Pichi Sermolli's (1977) recognition of two families
discolor (Forst. f.) Keys. (E) — Psilotaceae and Tmesipteridaceae. Our treat-
durum (T. Moore) C. Chr. (E) ment of the Psilotaceae with two genera, Psilotum
filiforme (A. Cunn.) Ettingsh. (E) and Tmesipteris, is therefore essentially
jluviatile (R. Br.) Salomon conservative.
fraseri (A. Cunn.) Luerssen Chinnock (1975, 1976) recognised four species of
membranaceum (Hook.) Mett. (E) Tmesipteris in New Zealand which are accepted
minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh. here. However, his two subspecies of T. elongata
nigrum (Col.) Mett. (E) are less easily justified.
norfolkianum (Heward) C. Chr.
penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhn Lycopodiaceae
procerum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E) A conservative treatment of the Lycopodiaceae has
vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn been adopted here. The family is in urgent need of
sp. (Green Bay form) (E) a comprehensive revision, both on a world-wide
sp. (blackspot form; B. capense sensu basis and within New Zealand. The distinction
Allan, 1961) (E) between Lycopodium and Phylloglossum is univer-
sp. (mountain form) (E) sally accepted but many authors subdivide Lyco-
Doodia aspera R. Br. podium further, Crabbe et al. (1975) accepting four
media R. Br. subsp. australis Parris genera, Pichi Sermolli (1977) six, and others still
milnei Carruth. (E, K) more. Until the classification of the Lycopodiaceae
mollis Parris (E) is more satisfactorily resolved we prefer to retain
squarrosa Col. the umbrella genus Lycopodium with a number of
subgeneric segregates (as proposed, for example, by
MARSILEALES Wilce 1972), especially as the adoption of some
Marsileaceae smaller genera would require new combinations
Pilularia novae-zelandiae Kirk (E) which in the present state of uncertainty is clearly
undesirable. Recent phytochemical work by Mark-
SALVINIALES ham et al. (1983) supports the division of the genus
Salviniaceae into at least three groups and emphasises the dis-
Azolla flliculoides Lam. tinctive nature of L. cernuum and L. scariosum,
pinnata R. Br. (A) suggesting that chemotaxonomy may prove a valu-
Salvinia molesta D. Mitch. (A) able tool in subdividing the family.
436 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

Within the New Zealand flora, L. billardieri, L. in which satisfactory characters are largely absent
novae-zelandicum and L. varium, previously con- and species limits more than usually open to dif-
sidered distinct, are here reduced to forms of one ferent interpretation by different workers (exem-
polymorphic species under the latter name. Fur- plified by the contrasting approaches of Clausen
ther work is required on this aggregate, including 1938b and Wieffering 1964). New Zealand material
the possibility that Forster's L. myrtifolium (whose has not been adequately studied and needs careful
type has not been located) is an earlier name for comparison with overseas types.
the species. The relationships between L. fastigia- Clausen (1938a,b) carried out a worldwide
tum and L. magellanicum, particularly in suban- monograph of the genus and cleared up some
tarctic regions, and between L. laterale, L. diffusum nomenclatural confusion which had previously
and L. ramulosum in Australia and New Zealand clouded the taxonomic problem. He showed that
are also in need of study. O. pedunculosum as originally described by Des-
vaux (1811) was a species with a distribution rang-
ing through Africa, India, and Indonesia. Later,
Selaginellaceae Pichi Sermolli (1954) pointed out that it was syn-
Three adventive species of Selaginella are present onymous with O. costatum described by Robert
in New Zealand. One of them, S. moellendorffii, is Brown (1810) from Australia, but, although Pichi
often cultivated in glasshouses and is occasionally Sermolli included "...? New Zealand" in its distri-
found naturalised in the Auckland area. Another, bution, O. costatum is not known to occur here.
S. kraussiana, is now widely distributed and is a Unfortunately the situation has become confused
potentially troublesome weed. The third species, as because Prantl (1884) later used the name O.
yet unidentified, has recently been collected from pedunculosum in a quite different sense to Desvaux
Whangarei Falls. for the plant now known as O. petiolatum Hook,
which has a much wider distribution in Central and
Isoetaceae South America, Africa, India, Japan, China, S.E.
Asia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and the Pacific
The two traditionally accepted species of Isoetes, Islands. Unfortunately Prantl's misinterpretation
I. alpinus, and /. kirkii, are retained here but recent of O. pedunculosum has been followed by many
work by Marsden & Chinnock (in prep.) suggests subsequent authors, including Dobbie (1951), Allan
that they may be better regarded as varieties of /. (1961), and Crookes (1963) who were evidently
kirkii. unaware of Clausen's work. Subsequently Wieffer-
ing (1964) has reduced O. petiolatum to synonymy
Equisetaceae in O. reticulatum L., two species which Clausen
(1938b) had kept separate, whilst conceding that
One aggressive adventive species, Equisetum they tended to intergrade. On the other hand, Wief-
arvense, has been recorded in several parts of the fering's O. reticulatum is, by his own admission,
country since 1920 and appears to be spreading "highly polymorphous" with chromosome num-
(Brownsey et al. 1985). bers ranging from n=120 to c.630. Hence, until such
time as a more satisfactory basis for defining spe-
Ophioglossaceae cies of Ophioglossum is found, we prefer to follow
The results of an investigation of Botrychium in the precedents established by Brownlie (1969, 1977)
New Zealand have recently been reported by Brag- in his Floras of New Caledonia and Fiji, and use
gins (1980). On the basis of such characters as frond the name O. petiolatum for a plant which is now
dissection, presence or absence of contractile roots, very rare in New Zealand (Brownsey 1985).
colour forms of the frond, and ecological require- The smaller and more common New Zealand
ments, Braggins concluded that the two tradition- species was first described as O. coriaceum by Cun-
ally recognised varieties of B. australe are better ningham (1837). However, Clausen (1938b) reduced
regarded as distinct species, and these are accepted South American, Australian, and New Zealand
here. The third species, B. lunaria, which had pre- material to subsp. coriaceum of the European O.
viously been collected only once in New Zealand lusitanicum. This treatment was accepted in Aus-
from Mt Torlesse by J. D. Enys in 1882, has recently tralia by Smith (1966) and Tindale (1972) but more
been found again (Druce 1984), almost 100 years recently Chinnock (1978) has included all Austral-
later in two sites in N.W. Nelson — Billies Knob ian and New Zealand material within O. lusitani-
in the Owen Range (CHR 389685), and on the cum. Cytological investigation of several New
summit of Mt Hoary Head (CHR 366084). Whether Zealand populations, including some dwarfed
it occurs in other alpine localities of the South coastal forms, has shown that n=120 (Brownsey
Island remains to be determined. unpub.) suggesting that there is indeed some cor-
Ophioglossum is a taxonomically difficult genus respondence between New Zealand plants and
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
European material of O. lusitanicum for which
Manton (1950) reported n=c.l25-13O. However,
Ninan (1956, 1958) reported n=240 in Indian plants
of this species and Verma (1957) n=510 for Aust-
ralian material indicating that, on a world-wide
basis, this is probably a complex polyploid series
requiring a great deal more investigation. Counts
of n=360 obtained for a population attributed to
O. coriaceum from the Port Hills, Christchurch
(Brownlie 1958, Lovis unpub.) indicate that here
also the species is cytologically intricate. Several
other names have been applied to New Zealand
material and the nature of these now requires fur-
ther investigation. Meanwhile, O. coriaceum is
conservatively retained until the taxonomy of
Ophioglossum in New Zealand is properly resolved.
The possibility of a third species of Ophioglos-
sum in New Zealand was raised by Harris (1955)
who noted that Chatham Islands specimens yielded
spores exactly similar to O. vulgatum L. from
Europe. However, these specimens are now known
to have come from a sheet of mixed collections
including both Chatham Island and European
material.
Marattiaceae
One species, M. salicina, is present in New Zealand.
It is cytologically distinct from the tropical M.
fraxinea with which it was earlier confused (see
Love et al. 1977).
Osmundaceae
Three genera of Osmundaceae occur in New
Zealand — Osmunda, Todea and Leptopteris. The
first is represented only by the adventive Osmunda
regalis, now well established in the North Island
especially around the Waikato River. The native
Todea and Leptopteris were all included in Todea
by Allan (1961) but are now almost universally
accepted as separate genera — the former with thick
leathery fronds, and sporangia confined to the lower
pinnae; the latter with thin translucent fronds, and
sporangia scattered over all the pinnae. The two
species of Leptopteris hybridise readily when they
meet in the wild, and such hybrids are now referred
to L. X intermedia (Brownsey 1981). A biosyste-
matic investigation of one such hybrid population
(Brownsey 1981) indicated that although Fl hybrids
were vigorous, had a normal meiosis, and pro-
duced well-formed spores, they did not appear to
give rise to an F2 generation.
Schizaeaceae
The Schizaeaceae is retained here in its traditional
sense, although there is beguiling cytological and
morphological evidence for the recognition of a
437
separate Lygodiaceae (Bierhorst 1971, Pichi-Ser-
molli 1977).
Three species of Schizaea (S. bifida, S. dicho-
toma, and S. fistulosa) have usually been recog-
nised in New Zealand together with a fourth taxon,
S. fistulosa var. australis, variously regarded as a
good alpine variety or merely a dwarfed form of
S. fistulosa. Brownlie (1965), with chromosome
counts of n=c.27O for S. fistulosa and n=94 for var.
australis, provided cytological evidence which sup-
ported the concept of two distinct taxa. Later, Lash
(1966) carried out a morphological and cytological
investigation of S. fistulosa for a M.Sc. thesis and
suggested (p. 49) that Brownlie's count of n=c.27O
was inadvertently made from a tapetal cell. His own
investigations produced counts of n=94 and
n=c. 150. However, whilst the larger counts were
generally from larger plants he concluded that the
cytological discontinuity could not be related to any
clear morphological discontinuity, and therefore did
not support the recognition of two separate taxa.
More recently, Brownsey (unpub.) obtained a count
of n=c. 190 from plants of S. fistulosa growing at
Waikumete in Auckland — approximately twice
the number recorded by both Lash and Brownlie
for var. australis. A more careful examination of
Lash's illustration of the cell with c. 150 chromo-
somes (fig. 17) suggests the presence of at least some
univalents. Failure of pairing could have resulted
from hybridisation. The possibility therefore exists
that two distinct species are present in New
Zealand, one with twice as many chromosomes as
the other, that they hybridise when they occur
together, and that there is some failure of pairing
of chromosomes in the hybrids resulting in a count
of c. 150. Whether this is true in detail requires fur-
ther investigation but we believe there is sufficient
evidence to justify recognition of a fourth species
in New Zealand. We refer it to S. australis for the
time being, though whether New Zealand material
is the same as the type from the Falkland Islands
also needs verification.
Pteridaceae
The Pteridaceae is interpreted here in the broad
sense of Tryon & Tryon (1982) to include all the
cheilanthoid, gymnogrammoid, adiantoid, and
pteridoid ferns, the origins of which, according to
most modern phyletic classifications, are to be
found in the schizaeoid ferns with which they share
some correspondence in chromosome number.
The genus Adiantum is represented in New
Zealand by nine species, three more than recorded
by Allan (1961). Two, A. capillus-veneris and the
widely cultivated A. raddianum*, have been intro-
duced, the remainder being truly native. Tindale
(1960c) showed that Australian and New Zealand
438
material previously referred to A. affine Willd.
should be called A. cunninghamii Hook., the type
specimen of A. affine being clearly identifiable as
A. capillus-veneris. Later, Tindale (1963b) distin-
guished a new species, A. silvaticum, from Aust-
ralian material of this complex with a distribution
in southern Queensland and north and central New
South Wales, A. cunninghamii being confined to
Queensland. More recently, in New Zealand, Parris
& Croxall (1974) have proposed that Colenso's A.
viridescens be readmitted as a species quite distinct
from both A. cunninghamii and A. fulvum, but one
which is very closely related to the Australian A.
silvaticum. The question remains as to whether the
Queensland plants of A. cunninghamii, with their
distinctive morphology and tropical habitat, should
continue to be referred to A. cunninghamii which
was first described from New Zealand. Both A. vir-
idescens and A. cunninghamii are listed here as New
Zealand endemics subject to further investigation.
Another problem is manifest in the A. hispidu-
lum complex. Parris (1980b) has suggested that both
A. hispidulum and A. pubescens are present in New
Zealand, a possibility first hinted at by Sykes (1977)
who referred Kermadec Island material to A.
pubescens rather than the traditionally accepted A.
hispidulum. Whether the differences in hair char-
acters on the underside of the lamina identified by
Parris are sufficient to warrant the recognition of
separate species is a matter of opinion. In the
absence of any obvious ecological differentiation,
and the lack of observations on this complex from
the remainder of its wide distribution, we prefer to
recognise only one species, A. hispidulum, albeit
with two forms.
The genus Cheilanthes has been revised very
recently in Australia by the late Helen Quirk (Quirk
et al. 1983). Her studies have shown that, as in
Europe and America, the genus in Australia is cyto-
logically complex and one in which apogamy plays
a significant role. Although she did not specifically
include New Zealand in her investigation, she con-
cluded that two species, C. distans and C. sieberi
* A more familiar name, particularly for cultivated
material of this species, is A. cuneatum Langsd. et F.
Fischer, but this is illegitimate because of the earlier
homonym A. cuneatum Forst. f., and most recent authors
have used the name A. raddianum C. Presl. However,
Nair & Ghosh (1974) state that "A. raddianum Presl is
different from A. cuneatum Langsd. et Fisch. in mor-
phology of leaf and propose instead the name A cunei-
pinnulum for the latter taxon. They give no further details
of the difference between the two, and cite no type or
authentic material examined. Until the types can be
investigated we prefer to retain the name A. raddianum.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
subsp. sieberi (but not subsp. pseudovellea Quirk &
Chambers), extend to New Zealand. A third spe-
cies, C. tenuifolia, previously recorded in New
Zealand, is now thought to be confined to Indo-
Malaysia and tropical Australia. However, Quirk
et al. considered that a fourth species, C. austro-
tenuifolia, with a distribution throughout southern
Australia probably occurs also in New Zealand.
Quirk examined three type specimens of New
Zealand origin but was unable to assign any of these,
or any other material, with certainty to C. austro-
tenuifolia. Indeed, she concluded (p. 521) that "...
more work is needed on the New Zealand Chei-
lanthes to determine their relationships, if any, to
the Australian species". This is especially pertinent
in view of the fact that Australian C. austrotenui-
folia is a sexually reproducing diploid, C. sieberi a
triploid, and C. distans a probable tetraploid, the
latter two species reproducing apogamously. C. sie-
beri is also an apogamous triploid here (Brownlie
1957).
Two species of Pellaea, P. rotundifolia and P.fal-
cata, have traditionally been recognised in New
Zealand and are listed here. A third, as yet undes-
cribed species, occurs around Wellington and in the
drier parts of Marlborough, Canterbury, and Otago.
All three species have close relatives in Australia,
and an investigation of the whole complex is in
progress (Brownsey, Given & Lovis, in prep.). Pre-
viously published chromosome counts suggest that
further cytological investigation will be rewarding.
Tindale (1972) gives "n=29 + 2, diploid hybrid
derivative (Manton)" for P. falcata var. nana in
Australia, whilst Brownlie (1954, 1957, 1961)
reports n=58 for New Zealand P. falcata, and P.
rotundifolia.
The genus Pteris in New Zealand and parts of
the Pacific has been the subject of a Ph.D. thesis
by Braggins (1975), and his investigations have
shown that significant nomenclatural changes will
be necessary. Until such time as his work is for-
mally published, however, one adventive and four
native species are accepted here, including P. sax-
atilis which has been shown to be cytologically dis-
tinct from P. macilenta (Walker 1962).
Gleicheniaceae
Walker (1966) and Lovis (1977) have pointed out
the strong cytological evidence which supports the
morphological recognition of five distinct taxa
within Gleichenia sens. lat. To some extent this is
also backed up by recent phytochemical work
(Wallace et al. 1983). Holttum (1959) referred these
five taxa to subgenera whilst Ching (1940) and,
more recently, Crabbe et al. (1975) treat them as
separate genera. The names used by different
authors vary but their concept of the entities
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
involved is essentially similar. They are regarded
here as distinct genera of which three occur in New
Zealand; Gleichenia sens. str. (n = 20, 22) with ulti-
mate pinnules about 1 mm long bearing a single
sorus and having undivided veinlets; Sticherus
(n=34) with much longer ultimate pinnules bear-
ing several sori each of 4-5 sporangia, and having
once-branched veinlets; and Dicranopteris (n=39)
with longer ultimate pinnules bearing several sori
of 6-10 sporangia and having veinlets at least twice
branched (see Holttum 1959, figs 1, 7, 8, 12, 15).
Identification of the New Zealand species of
Sticherus and Dicranopteris is straight-forward but
within Gleichenia sens. str. there are some awk-
ward problems. Two fairly well defined species are
present, together with an alpine form of less certain
status. The relationship of these taxa to those in
Australia and S.E. Asia, and the correct nomencla-
ture for them, is a very vexed question.
Central to the issue is the name G. circinnata
published by Swartz in 1801 without precise local-
ity, and only later (Swartz 1806) stated to be from
Botany Bay. Several more Australian species were
subsequently described by Robert Brown (1810)
including G. microphylla and G. dicarpa. Brown
indicated that G. microphylla and G. circinnata
might be synonymous but found Swartz's descrip-
tion unsatisfactory for a firm decision. A nomen-
clatural problem has arisen because of subsequent
different interpretations of the identity of G. cir-
cinnata. Christensen (1906) considered it to be an
earlier name for G. microphylla, and following his
work Cheeseman (1906) used the names G. circin-
nata and G. dicarpa for New Zealand material.
Later, Christensen (1910) changed his mind and
stated that G. circinnata was identical with G.
dicarpa, with the result that Allan (1961) adopted
the names G. circinnata and G. microphylla for the
New Zealand species. However, Holttum (1959)
provided cogent reasons for rejecting Christensen's
later interpretation, and indicated that G. circin-
nata and G. dicarpa were definitely not the same.
He was unable to determine the real identity of G.
circinnata (partly because of a problem of typifi-
cation) and, in the circumstances, it is probably best
to abandon the name as a nomen ambiguum. Holt-
tum accepted the name G. microphylla and included
New Zealand within its range of distribution. He
also restored the name G. dicarpa, but perhaps sig-
nificantly gave only Malaysia, Australia, and New
Caledonia for its distribution. Other authors (e.g.,
Brownlie 1969, Willis 1970, Tindale 1972) have,
however, continued to include New Zealand within
its range. The situation obviously requires clarifi-
cation, including the possibility that G. hecisto-
phylla might be an acceptable alternative name if
G. dicarpa is shown not to be a New Zealand
species.
439
The status of the alpine form variously referred
to G. dicarpa var. alpina or G. alpina requires fur-
ther investigation both here and in Australia.
Grammitidaceae
Most modern authors have distinguished the
Grammitidaceae from the Polypodiaceae, de la Sota
(1973) in a review of the Polypodiaceae going so
far as to conclude (p. 242) that the two are "not
closely related". On the other hand, Tryon & Tryon
(1982, p.685) state that "since there is no conclu-
sive evidence supporting discrete evolutionary
lineages, a single family is recognised". We have
followed the majority opinion and accepted two
families.
The Grammitidaceae is interpreted here as
including the genera Ctenopteris, Grammitis, and
Anarthropteris. The latter was placed in the Poly-
podiaceae by Allan (1961) but is now generally
regarded as more closely related to the Grammi-
tidaceae, although sometimes separated off in the
family Loxogrammaceae (e.g., Pichi Sermolli 1977).
It has frequently been reported as occurring in
Vanuatu (e.g., Allan 1961), but is not listed for that
region by Braithwaite (1975). We are unaware of
any collections from Vanuatu and believe it may
be a genus endemic to New Zealand.
The distinction between Ctenopteris with pin-
nate fronds and Grammitis with entire fronds is
accepted here, despite the occurrence of occasional
intergeneric hybrids (Parris 1977). The revision of
New Zealand Grammitis (Parris & Given 1976) is
adopted in its entirety except for the purely nomen-
clatural substitution of G. poeppigiana and G. rig-
ida for G. armstrongii and G. crassa (Parris 1980a).
Polypodiaceae
There are two current schools of thought regarding
the phylogenetic affinities of the Polypodiaceae,
usually also including the Grammitidaceae,
although Nayar (1970) has widely separated the two
in his scheme. The majority of recent authors (de
la Sota 1973, Crabbe et al. 1975, Lovis 1977, Pichi
Sermolli 1977) have allied the Polypodiaceae with
the Gleicheniaceae or Dipteridaceae largely on the
basis that this is an exindusiate line of ferns with
abaxial sori. However, Jarrett (1980) has argued
strongly that other characters, notably the structure
of the sporangium and indumentum of the game-
tophyte, indicate that the Polypodiaceae and
Grammitidaceae are related to advanced indusiate
families. It is still too early to assess Jarrett's con-
clusions since the full results of her survey and new
classification of the ferns are still awaited. Mean-
while we continue to ally the Polypodiaceae with
the Gleicheniaceae.
440
The Polypodiaceae is a small and relatively
unimportant family in New Zealand with just one
species each of Pyrrosia and the adventive Poly-
podium, and three of Phymatosorus, the limits of
which are not in doubt although their generic affin-
ity remains uncertain (de la Sota 1973). The species
placed in Phymatosorus were originally described
as Polypodium but were transferred to Microsorum
(as Micwsorium) by Copeland (1947). This was
disputed by Pichi Sermolli (1951) who thought they
better corresponded to Phymatodes, but this latter
name has now been shown to be illegitimate and
Pichi Sermolli (1973) has proposed the new genus
Phymatosorus, referring twelve species, including
the three New Zealand ones, to it. The genus Phy-
matosorus is accepted here although some authori-
ties (e.g., Tindale 1960a, 1961, 1972; Willis 1970)
continue to use Copeland's Microsorum.
Hymenophyllaceae
The classification of the Hymenophyllaceae adopted
here is a conservative one of convenience. Follow-
ing Tryon & Tryon (1982), only two genera,
Hymenophyllum, and Trichomanes, are recog-
nised, and no further subdivision is attempted.
Whilst appreciating that Hymenophyllum and Tri-
chomanes are large and potentially subdivisible
umbrella genera, no entirely satisfactory natural
classification of the filmy ferns has yet been
achieved, and it is therefore thought best to retain
the larger, more readily identifiable groupings until
such time as a world monograph is published.
Morton (1968) proposed six genera, Copeland
(1947) 34 genera and Pichi Sermolli (1977) as many
as 42 genera. A reassessment of these classifications
is currently being carried out by Iwatsuki (1975,
1977a,b, 1978, 1981, 1982), and it is hoped that
this may lead to a more generally acceptable sub-
division*. Lovis (1977) has summarised our
knowledge of chromosome numbers in the family
and has stressed the importance of further cyto-
logical research, for it is evident that chromosome
counts and karyotype analysis will ultimately prove
to be of the utmost importance in the classification
of the Hymenophyllaceae. Unfortunately its value
* Note added in proof: Iwatsuki (Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
35: 165-179, 1984) has just published a new scheme of
classification for the filmy ferns based chiefly on Asiatic
species. He states that the classical bigeneric system is
not natural at all and, instead, recognises eight genera,
some of which are subdivided into several subgenera.
The genera represented in New Zealand are Hymeno-
phyllum, Sphaerocionium, Crepidomanes, Cephalo-
manes and Cardiomanes. More time is needed to assess
this new classification but, if accepted, new combina-
tions would be required for most of the New Zealand
species here placed in Trichomanes.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
so far has been disappointingly negative in the sense
that taxa such as Mecodium, Meringium, and
Hymenophyllum sens, str., recognised on mor-
phological grounds, have proved to be cytologically
heterogeneous and therefore, very possibly,
unnaturally defined. Preliminary phytochemical
work on the family (Markham & Wallace 1980, p.
418, Wallace et al. 1982) suggests "... that a study
of the polyphenolics of the species ... should be a
useful aid in delineating lower taxa" although, par-
adoxically, the authors note that the "... all inclu-
sive genera, Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, are
not clearly delineated by their polyphenolic
characteristics".
In New Zealand, the Hymenophyllaceae with 27
species is the largest family of ferns, and Hymen-
ophyllum sens. lat. with 21 species the largest genus.
Despite the high number of species, however, the
taxonomy of the group at this level is generally well
resolved. Parris & Croxall (1972) showed recently
that H. cupressiforme is present here, distinct from
both H. revolutum and H. peltatum. The major
remaining area of difficulty concerns the H. aus-
trale aggregate where taxa such as H. atrovirens, H.
montanum and H. flexuosum need investigation in
relation to each other and to their Australian coun-
terparts. Brownlie (1959) suggested that all New
Zealand material previously referred to H. australe
was in fact either H. atrovirens or H. flexuosum
and that both species were distinct from the Aust-
ralian H. australe. This interpretation has been
followed both by us and by Croxall (1975) who gave
only an Australian distribution for H. australe, with
the closely related H. atrovirens in New Zealand.
Tindale (1963a), however, reduced H. atrovirens to
synonymy with H. australe, leaving only H. flex-
uosum as a distinct New Zealand taxon. On the
other hand, Allan (1961) accepted H. montanum
as a good species in addition to both H. atrovirens
and H. flexuosum, and there is field evidence to
support this treatment. The limits of the individual
taxa and their correct nomenclature require further
study.
More detailed cytological investigation of the
family is also desirable, both in species for which
counts are not yet known and in complexes such
as H. sanguinolentum/villosum where both n = 36
and n = 72 have been reported for H. sanguinolen-
tum (Brownlie 1954, 1961). Further work on this
complex is being carried out by Lovis & Daellen-
bach. Lovis has also shown (1982) that Colenso's
H. pygmaeum is a synonym of H. minimum.
Dicksoniaceae
Holttum & Sen (1961) included all tree ferns within
the one family, Cyatheaceae, but Holttum (in Holt-
tum & Edwards 1983) has now changed his mind,
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 441

and hence the family Dicksoniaceae is maintained nomenclaturally tortuous. Problems involved in the
here. two cases are discussed respectively by Morton
(1967) and Holttum (1973c). More recently, Holt-
Cyatheaceae tum (1977b) has monographed the Pacific and
A completely new classification of the Cyathea- Australian representatives of the family Thelypter-
ceae, based largely on stipe scale characteristics, has idaceae and suggested areas where further work is
recently been proposed by Tryon (1970) in which desirable.
six separate genera replace Cyathea sens. lat. Of
these, only Alsophila and Sphaeropteris occur in Loxsomataceae
New Zealand. The scheme is still highly contro- The systematic position of the family Loxsoma-
versial, and very recently has been criticised in taceae has always been a matter of conjecture.
detail by Holttum (in Holttum & Edwards 1983). Brownsey (1975) obtained a chromosome count of
He has put forward an alternative scheme in which n = 50 in the endemic, monotypic genus Loxsoma,
the genus is divided into two subgenera, Cyathea a number so distinct that it only emphasised the
and Sphaeropteris, each with a number of sections isolated evolutionary position of the family. More
and subsections. It should be noted that the differ- recently, however, Wagner (1980) has proposed that
ence between the two concepts of Sphaeropteris is the closely related neotropical genus Loxsomopsis
not merely one of rank but also of circumscription. with n=46 might have an affinity with the denn-
Tryon's scheme is open to criticism because of the staedtioid ferns. The close relationship between
abundant evidence of hybridisation between spe- Loxsomopsis and Loxsoma has been confirmed by
cies assigned by him to different genera. Most sig- a study of their flavonoids (Markham & Given
nificantly, Conant & Cooper-Driver (1980) have 1979). Brownsey (1983b) now suggests that they
shown that Alsophila bryophila X Nephelea porto- may occupy a position between the Dennstaedti-
ricensis and Alsophila dryopteroides X Nephelea aceae and Cyatheaceae, which is cytologically con-
portoricensis are examples of allohomoploid hybrid sistent with Lovis's (1977, p. 303) idea that the
speciation in the sense of Grant (1971). However, Dennstaedtiaceae originated by a long series of
to our minds, this type of micro-evolutionary inter- aneuploid reductions from a source in the
action, which results in fertile diploid hybrids, is Cyatheaceae.
not acceptable between validly distinct genera, and
in this instance, indicates that Tryon's genera are Dennstaedtiaceae
incorrectly defined. Holttum's scheme is also pre-
ferred for his account of the origin of indusia in The Dennstaedtiaceae is interpreted here in a rather
the family and, accordingly, a conservative nomen- broad sense to include all the dennstaedtioid,
clature is followed here. hypolepidoid, and lindsaeoid ferns — groups which
are consigned to independent families by Nayar
Fortunately, at the species level, the tree ferns in
(1970) and Pichi Sermolli (1977). In taking this
New Zealand pose no obvious taxonomic prob- contrary view we are much influenced not only by
lems now that the presence of Cyathea cunning- the recent review of Mickel (1973) but also by the
hamii has been confirmed (Tindale 1956, Holttum intriguing cytological theory proposed by Lovis
1964, Brownsey 1979a). (1977, p. 307) in the light of available chromosome
counts that "the Dennstaedtiaceae is based on one
Thelypteridaceae very ancient long aneuploid series". The validity
Our classification of the Thelypteridaceae follows of this novel suggestion remains to be proved, but
that proposed by Holttum (1971) for the Old World undoubtedly the Dennstaedtiaceae is both a family
representatives. Thus the five species of Thelypteris of taxonomically ill-defined genera, and one which
accepted in New Zealand by Allan (1961) are now is critical to any phylogenetic comprehension of the
distributed in five separate genera. Treatment of modern ferns.
the indigenous species of Macrothelypteris, Pneu- Within New Zealand the largest genus in the
matopteris, and Christella is taken from Holttum's family is Hypolepis which has just been revised by
monographs (1969, 1973b, 1976), although the Brownsey & Chinnock (1984) who accept seven
probability that two species of Christella may occur species and exclude three other commonly mis-
in New Zealand, one in thermal areas and the Ker- applied names (H. punctata, H. rugosula, and H.
madec Islands, and one in north Auckland, is being tenuifolia). One species, H. distans, is morpholog-
investigated (Given, Sykes & Bartlett, in prep.). The ically and cytologically distinct from the others; the
two remaining taxa, Thelypteris confluens and possibility that it should be referred to a separate
Cyclosorus interruptus, are components of geo- genus, and the evolutionary history of the hypo-
graphically widespread aggregates, being cytologi- lepidoid ferns in general, are discussed by Brown-
cally and morphologically complex, and sey (1983b).
442 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

The remaining members of the New Zealand Chile and Argentina, and Australia and New
Dennstaedtiaceae pose no real problems. Lindsaea Zealand.
in Australasia has recently been monographed by
Kramer & Tindale (1976) and their three New
Dryopteridaceae
Zealand species are accepted here. Leptolepia, Pae-
sia, Pteridium, and Histiopteris are all monotypic Our concept of the Dryopteridaceae is similar to
in this country, although Brownsey (1983b) ques- that of Nayar (1970) and Lovis (1977), and includes
tions whether Histiopteris should really be closely all the athyrioid, tectarioid, and dryopteroid ferns.
allied with the others. The inherent difficulties of It is at variance with Crabbe et al. (1975) who
attempting a classification of bracken throughout include also the Aspleniaceae (separated off by us
the world are well-known and have recently been on cytological grounds), and with other authors
discussed by Page (1976). Page accepts Tryon's including Pichi Sermolli (1977) who maintain a
(1941) taxonomic treatment of Pteridium as a distinction between the Athyriaceae and Dryopter-
monotypic genus with many varieties throughout idaceae (Aspidiaceae). Sledge (1973) has discussed
the world. However, we have followed Wakefield the reasons why this latter distinction is not entirely
(1957), Smith (1966), Holttum (1968), Willis (1970), satisfactory.
Tindale (1972), Brownlie (1969, 1977), and Chin- The Dryopteridaceae in New Zealand include a
nock (1978) in raising the Australasian and Pacific higher proportion of adventive ferns than any other
form of bracken to species status. family and this, together with some important
changes in the circumscription of individual gen-
era, has contrived to give the family a totally dif-
Aspleniaceae ferent complexion to that presented by Allan (1961).
The Aspleniaceae is interpreted here in its more Four athyrioid genera are present — Athyrium,
traditional sense, involving only the genus Asplen- Deparia, Diplazium, and Cystopteris. The first three
ium and its satellite genera, rather than in the broad genera were previously included in Athyrium sens,
sense of Crabbe et al. (1975) who include also the lat., but this large umbrella genus is now usually
athyrioid, tectarioid, and dryopteroid ferns. The regarded as being too broad in its circumscription.
cytological evidence alone (Lovis 1977) provides Various attempts to subdivide it have been made,
sufficient grounds for retaining the asplenioid ferns the most recent by Kato (1977) who summarises
as a distinct group. the earlier proposals. A distinction now seems
Asplenium in New Zealand has been revised by generally agreed between Diplazium with elongated
Brownsey (1977a,b) and his treatment is accepted sori arranged singly or back to back along a vein,
here, save only that the name A. oblongifolium is and Athyrium with sori either hooked or horse-shoe
substituted for the illegitimate A. lucidum (Brown- shaped across a vein, or reniform. Cytological evi-
sey 1979b). A. pauperequitum, endemic to the Poor dence lends support to the naturalness of these gen-
Knights Islands (Brownsey & Jackson 1984), and era with x=40 in Athyrium and x=41 in Diplazium
A. chathamense, endemic to the Chatham Islands (Lovis 1977). Athyrium sens. str. is represented in
(Brownsey 1985), have since been added to the flora, New Zealand only by the introduced A. filix-fem-
and the range of A. terrestre, previously considered ina, and Diplazium by D. australe, shared also with
endemic, extended to Victoria and Tasmania Australia. Kato (1977) departs from earlier classi-
(Brownsey 1983a). The hexaploid subspecies of A. fications by adopting the genus Deparia Hook, et
trichomanes (Lovis, unpub.) remains undescribed, Grev. in a broad sense to include also Lunathyr-
whilst forms of the A. flaccidum aggregate on the ium Koidzumi, Dryoathyrium Ching, and Athy-
Kermadec Islands and Antipodes Island require riopsis Ching. With x=40, the genus is fairly clearly
further investigation. distinguished by the presence of multicellular hairs
Pleurosorus is monotypic in New Zealand and on the lamina, and by the groove on the upper sur-
has been investigated by both Given (1972) and face of the main rachis not opening to admit the
Salvo et al. (1982). In line with recent trends to groove of the pinna rachises. Kato (1984) has just
submerge the satellite genera of Asplenium, the lat- completed a monograph of Deparia in which the
ter authors reduce Pleurosorus to a subgenus of New Zealand plant previously known variously as
Asplenium, but we prefer to maintain them as Athyrium japonicum or Lunathyrium japonicum is
separate genera for the reasons outlined by Lovis referred to Deparia petersenii subsp. congrua rather
(1973). Salvo et al. also propose reducing the three than D. japonica which is confined to Japan. He
known species of Pleurosorus to subspecies of one also recognises the enigmatic Asplenium umbro-
polymorphic aggregate (Asplenium subglandu- sum var. tenuifolium Kirk as a distinct endemic
losum in their scheme), in our opinion a retrograde species, Deparia tenuifolia, with a tripinnate frond
step since it obscures the very remarkable distri- compared to the bipinnate frond of D. petersenii.
bution of this genus with populations in Spain, Cystopteris with x=42 and with round sori and
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
ovate indusia is readily distinguished morpholog-
ically and cytologically from the other genera. It
has been monographed by Blasdell (1963) but his
conclusions have not been enthusiastically received
by most workers. In contrast to earlier authors who
had allied the New Zealand plant to the European
C. fragilis, he referred South American and Aus-
tralasian material to C. fragilis var. apiiformis —
a combination based on a type from the Falkland
Islands. Whether or not the South American plant
is truly identical to that in Australasia remains to
be established, but in any event the name C. tas-
manica (as a species or a variety) based on an Aust-
ralian type has priority over C. apiiformis when
applied to Australasian material. Blasdell made no
mention of C. tasmanica in his monograph, but in
the opinion of the present authors, and first pro-
posed by Lovis (1959), the Australian and New
Zealand material is sufficiently distinct to warrant
species status with this name. There is also present
in New Zealand an adventive species which is
referable to the European C. fragilis and which is
quite distinct from C. tasmanica. This adventive
plant has evidently been here from early European
times because Colenso's C. laciniatus is based on
such a form.
The largest and most important genus of the
Dryopteridaceae in New Zealand is Polystichum.
Four native species have traditionally been recog-
nised, but a fifth, probably undescribed, is present
on the Chatham Islands, and another curious form
on the Snares. The Australian P. proliferum, dis-
tinguished from the native P. vestitum on scale
characters and its bulbiferous frond, also occurs
sporadically in New Zealand where it is probably
adventive. Polystichum lentum and a cultivated
form of the European P. setiferum have also escaped
in some places.
Two other adventive genera occur in New
Zealand. One species of Cyrtomium is found in
parts of the northern North Island whilst further
south, particularly in Canterbury, three species of
Dryopteris have been recorded. The most wide-
spread is D. filix-mas, but sporadic populations of
its apogamous triploid relative D. affinis have also
been noted. In Dunedin, where D. affinis is actually
more abundant than D. filix-mas, occasional
hybrids have been found where the two species grow
together (Lovis & Brownsey, unpub.). Plants of D.
affinis so far investigated have been triploid
(Brownsey, unpub.) but whether any of the other
European cytotypes in this complex are also pres-
ent remains to be established. A third species, D.
dilatata, has been collected occasionally.
The genus Lastreopsis has recently been mono-
graphed by Tindale (1965) and her treatment is
adopted here. Lastreopsis hispida, L. velutina, and
L. glabella, are recognised together with a form
443
from the Kermadec Islands thought to be a new
species but still awaiting formal description {see also
Sykes 1977). Tindale also distinguished, as subsp.
pentangularis, tetraploid populations of L. micro-
sora occurring in New Zealand which were mor-
phologically separable from diploid populations in
Australia. However, she suggested that diploid
plants might also occur in New Zealand, and this
would bear further investigation.
The species referred to Lastreopsis by Tindale
were previously included in Ctenitis and Rumohra
(e.g., Cheeseman 1925, Allan 1961). Two other spe-
cies of Rumohra were also listed by Allan, but one
of them, R. aristata from the Kermadecs, has now
been transferred to Arachniodes (Tindale 1961).
Tindale herself referred to Arachniodes as "a rather
unsatisfactory genus placed mid-way between
Dryopteris sens, stricto and Polystichum" and
although she attempted to re-define the three gen-
era more clearly Sledge (1973) considers Arach-
niodes to be "justified more as a genus of
convenience than as a natural one". In accom-
modating elements which combine some features
of both Polystichum and Dryopteris it serves the
important practical function of keeping these two
much larger genera taxonomically distinct.
The remaining species of Rumohra in the New
Zealand flora, R. adiantiformis, is the subject of
considerable debate. Though the genus, with this
one wide-ranging southern hemisphere species and
five others endemic to Madagascar, appears to be
satisfactorily circumscribed, its placement in the
Dryopteridaceae is highly controversial. Most
modern authorities (e.g., Holttum 1968, p. 484,
Wakefield 1957, Tindale 1961, 1972, Crabbe et al.
1975) include it with the Davalliaceae on account
of its creeping dorsiventral rhizome and davallioid
main rachis. Recently, however, Kato (1974) and
Pichi Sermolli (1977) have shown that these char-
acters are found elsewhere in the Dryopteridaceae
but that features such as the peltate orbicular indu-
sia, the nature of the petiolar anatomy, and the
absence of articulation at the junction of stipe and
rhizome are alien to the concept of davallioid ferns.
Accordingly, we follow them and include Rumohra
with the Dryopteridaceae, albeit as a somewhat
anomalous element.
Davalliaceae
The Davalliaceae is construed here in a broad sense
to include both the davallioid and oleandroid ferns.
The family is of minor importance in New Zealand
with only one species of Arthropteris, three taxa of
Nephrolepis, all of limited distribution, and a single
species of Davallia, previously considered to be
endemic to the Three Kings Islands but recently
discovered in Puketi Forest, Northland (P. Bel-
lingham, pers. comm.).
444 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

Nephrolepis is in urgent need of a world-wide World plant, specifically including "Japan, New
revision and the nomenclature adopted here for Zealand, (and) tropical Asia", was N. auriculata (L.)
New Zealand material would almost certainly need Trimen. This conclusion has been accepted,
to be changed in such a monograph. Nevertheless, amongst others, by Nakaike (1975) in Japan and
Sykes (1977) gives good reasons for using the name Li (1975) in Taiwan. Unfortunately, however, Pichi
N. hirsutula for Kermadec Island plants previously Sermolli (1968) refers neither to this name, nor to
referred to N. exaltata. Two other taxa are present Alston & Bonner's paper. It therefore remains to
in the North Island — one native and confined to be established whether N. auriculata and N. tub-
thermal areas, the other a cultivated strain now erosa are the same (a problem beyond the scope of
naturalised in many warmer parts of the country. this paper) but if they are then N. auriculata would
They have often been regarded as the same species take priority as the older name.
in the past, but the cultivated plant is generally The problem in New Zealand is confounded still
larger and has underground tubers — a feature fre- further by the presence of a native species and a
quently absent from native populations. The cor- horticultural variety now widely established.
rect nomenclature for these taxa is still very Nephrolepis species are commonly cultivated in
uncertain. many parts of the world as "Sword ferns" or "Bos-
Central to any revision of Nephrolepis and to the ton ferns" and many ornamental varieties and
taxonomic problems posed by New Zealand strains of the wild species have been established in
material is the question of the identity of Polypo- cultivation. Morton (1958) describes some of the
dium cordifolium L., later transferred by Presl to more important of these but makes the point that
the genus Nephrolepis and subsequently credited N. cordifolia "is the only species that bears 'tubers'
with a widespread tropical distribution extending ". The adventive plant in New Zealand certainly
as far north as Japan and as far south as New bears tubers and would therefore seem to belong
Zealand. Pichi Sermolli (1968) was able to show to this aggregate, whatever its correct nomencla-
that the type of Linnaeus's Polypodium cordifolium ture might prove to be. The native plant, though,
is in fact plate 71 of Plumier's "Traite des Fougeres appears to lack tubers (see, for example, Sykes
de L'Amerique" illustrating a plant collected "dans 1977). B. W. McAlpin, currently working on the
une forest de la Bande du Sud, dans l'isle Saint classification of Nephrolepis cultivars, suggests (pers.
Domingue". However the identity of the plant comm.) that this is taxonomically very significant
remains unclear and Pichi Sermolli was forced to and an indication that the native plant may be a
conclude "I think that Plumier's plate 71, although completely different species. Meanwhile, until a
rough, reproduces a species of Nephrolepis. How- wide-ranging study of Nephrolepis is carried out,
ever, whether it shows the species currently called the two taxa present in New Zealand are conserv-
Nephrolepis cordifolia or another species of the atively referred to N. cordifolia.
genus is not wholly certain. Perhaps a research in
the region in which it was originally collected by Blechnaceae
Plumier could afford a final answer to this prob-
lem. For the time being I use the name NephrolepisThe Blechnaceae is a clearly defined and univer-
cordifolia in the current sense". However, Pichi sally accepted family, currently represented in New
Zealand by Doodia and Blechnum. However, two
Sermolli goes on to show that N. cordifolia, as con-
strued by Christensen (1906), is in fact an assem-Queensland species have recently been transferred
to the new genus Pteridoblechnum by Hennipman
blage of six closely related species. Relevant to the
New Zealand problem is his recognition of N. tub- (1976) who suggests that Blechnum fraseri, which
has always appeared somewhat out of place in
erosa (Bory ex Willd.) C. Presl with a distribution
in "Malgassia, Ceylon, India, N. Caledonia and Blechnum, may also belong here. Further investi-
certainly elsewhere" distinct from N. cordifolia gation is required before formalising the transfer.
"widely distributed in tropical America and in the Doodia has been revised by Parris (1972) and her
tropics of the Old World, but not in Africa". This treatment is accepted here, except that New Zealand
distinction has recently been accepted by Brownlie plants previously referred to the Australian D. cau-
(1977) for Fijian material which he refers to N. data are now recognised as a distinct species, D.
tuberosa. mollis (Parris 1980a). An extant population of D.
aspera in New Zealand is also recorded by Parris
However, in an earlier paper, Alston & Bonner (1980a).
(1956) had also concluded that Polypodium cordi- Blechnum is an extremely important genus in
folium L. was based on Plumier's plate 71. They New Zealand, being second only to Hymenophyl-
suggested that it appeared to represent the Amer- lum in terms of the number of species. A cytotax-
ican plant Nephrolepis occidentals (Kuhn) Kuntze, onomic investigation of the local representatives
and proposed that the correct name for the Old was the subject of an M.Sc. thesis by Chambers
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
(1954) which is slowly expanding into a world-wide
monograph. Recently Given (in prep.) has sug-
gested that the Blechnum capense aggregate, long
recognised as exceedingly polymorphic, comprises
five New Zealand taxa, with close relatives in Aus-
tralia and South Africa. Despite the fact that some
of these taxa are amongst the most common ferns
in New Zealand, only two have legitimate names
at present. The name B. capense (L.) Schldl., pre-
viously used for the best known of these taxa, is
predated by B. capense Burm. f. but, in any case,
is now known to apply only to South African
material; New Zealand plants once referred to this
species require a different name. They include two
forms. One ("black spot") is characterised by large
fronds with numerous pairs of pinnae which
decrease markedly in length towards the base of
the frond, and stipe scales with an obvious black
centre; this form occurs in a wide variety of hab-
itats but especially on road banks and cliff sides
(Crookes 1963, p. 312). The other ("mountain") has
a more truncate base to the frond and bronze
coloured pinnae with undulate margins, and occurs
primarily in mountain regions of the South Island
(Crookes 1963, p. 285). Plants with fronds similar
to "black spot" in outline but smaller in size, with
uniformly pale brown stipe scales, and with more
distant, thin textured, obtuse pinnae, occur in
swamps and other damp habitats; these are refer-
able to the Australian species, B. minus (Crookes
1963, p. 283 — as B. capense "swamp form"). The
name B. minus has been used incorrectly in New
Zealand by Allan (1961) and others for a plant
which should be called B. procerum. This is closely
related to the Australian B. wattsii Tindale (1963b),
and has relatively few pairs of more or less equally
sized, short, broad pinnae with rounded apices; it
occurs most commonly on forest floors (Crookes
1963, p. 281 — as B. minus.) The morphological
characteristics of these forms have also been well
illustrated recently by Molloy (1983). The fifth
taxon commonly known as the "Green Bay form"
(Crookes 1963, p. 287) occurs in steep-sided gullies
and cliffs, often in coastal habitats; it has frond
dimensions comparable to "black spot", but is del-
toid in outline with a long, thick stipe and numer-
ous pairs of pinnae which decrease in length towards
the apex of the frond.
Another problem is manifest in the B.
norfolkianum/chambersii/membranaceum aggre-
gate, a group of three species often difficult to dis-
tinguish satisfactorily and complicated by the
presence of hybrids in areas where two or more
occur together, as well as by a sorry history of
nomenclatural errors. B. chambersii is a new name
proposed by Tindale (1972) for the fern originally
known as B. lanceolatum. The latter name is ille-
gitimate because of an earlier homonym, and Tin-
445
dale (1960b) initially suggested B. aggregatum as
an alternative. However, the type specimen of this
name subsequently proved to be a hybrid (B.
chambersii X membranaceum) and the name B.
chambersii was adopted instead. Brownlie (1977)
then proposed a new combination, B. doodioides,
based on Fijian material which he suggested
extended to Australia and New Zealand; being an
earlier name it took preference over B. chambersii.
However, Parris (1980a) has pointed out that
Brownlie's B. doodioides is a later homonym of B.
doodioides Hook., and hence B. chambersii remains
the correct name for Australasian material.
The remaining species of Blechnum in New
Zealand appear to be fairly clearly defined now that
Wakefield (1956) has separated the local B. colen-
soi from the Australian B. patersonii. Nevertheless,
discrepancies in chromosome number between
Tasmanian and New Zealand representatives of the
genus suggest that further cytological investigation
in the two countries is desirable. Thus, B. penna-
marina and B. vulcanicum apparently have n=33
in Tasmania (Quinn 1961) but n=34 in New
Zealand (Brownlie 1954). Also, a polyploid series
has been detected in B. fluviatile with Tasmanian
representatives showing n=99, and New Zealand
specimens n=66 and n=33 (Chambers 1954) or
n=34 (Brownlie 1954). Lovis (1977) has already
pointed to the potential value of karyotype analysis
in Blechnum, and the Australasian region with its
abundance of species and variation in chromo-
some number would be a rich area for such a study.
Marsileaceae
The sole New Zealand representative is Pilularia
novae-zelandiae which is only doubtfully distinct
from the Australian P. novae-hollandiae A. Br.
Salviniaceae
One adventive species of Salvinia is present in the
warmer parts of New Zealand and is referred to
the newly described S. molesta (Mitchell 1974). At
various times the names S. natans (L.) All., S. hert-
zogii Sota and S. auriculata Aubl. have been used
for New Zealand material but are now believed to
have been mis-applied, S. molesta being distin-
guished by its small male sporocarps bearing empty
sporangia.
Two species of Azolla are present in New Zealand
— a widespread native species previously called A.
rubra and a recently arrived adventive species, A.
pinnata, still confined to the northern North Island.
Both occur also in Australia where A. rubra, the
type of which is Australian, has been reduced to
synonymy with the American A. filiculoides (Wake-
field 1957, Smith 1966, Willis 1970, Chinnock 1978)
446 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

or at best retained as a variety of that species (Tin-Where necessary an indication of their currently
dale 1972). This follows the work of Svenson (1944) accepted nomenclature is given, together with any
on the New World species of Azolla who found source listing their occurrence in New Zealand.
that the minor morphological characteristics dis- Authors names have been abbreviated according
tinguishing A. rubra were also present scattered to the Kew Draft Index (Halliday et al. 1980) with
through the range of variation of A. filiculoides in the following two exceptions: Cheesem. = T. F.
America. The latter name is therefore adopted here Cheeseman; Col. = W. Colenso. Titles of journals
for the New Zealand plant. follow the abbreviations in Botanico Periodicum
Huntianum, and of monographs those in Taxon-
omic Literature (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-83), except
that the words New Zealand and Nouvelle-Zelande
SYNONYMIC CHECKLIST OF VALIDLY have consistently been abbreviated to the letters
PUBLISHED PTERIDOPHYTE NAMES N.Z., and the title Essai d'une flore de la Nouvelle-
Zelande (Richard 1832) to Essai Fl. N.Z. Dates of
There follows a list of all validly published names publication for works issued in parts are taken from
and combinations either based on New Zealand Stafleu (1967) and Stafleu & Cowan (1976-83)
types or used by authors in reference to the New except for the two fern papers by Colenso in the
Zealand flora. The taxa are arranged according to Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science now known
the classification given above. Nomina nuda have to have been published in 1843 and 1845 (Plomley
been excluded and hybrid combinations are 1969).
included only when they have been given a specific In a work of this scale mistakes in the placing of
epithet (e.g., Doodia X digena) or where names synonyms will inevitably have occurred. It is hoped,
originally used for species have been shown to be however, that very few names relevant to the New
based on hybrid material (e.g., Blechnum X aggre- Zealand pteridophyte flora have actually been
gatum). Hybrid names are listed at the end of the overlooked, and that this listing will serve as a basis
appropriate generic section. for future taxonomic research.
Synonyms for each accepted species are given in
order of publication of the type on which they are
based. For geographically widespread species only
the more important synonyms and those based on
New Zealand material are given. By no means all PSILOTOPSIDA
the types have been examined by us, and unless we
have found evidence to the contrary, judgements PSILOTACEAE
of earlier authors have been accepted. Where there PSILOTUM Swartz
are contradictory opinions or no reliable decision Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Prodr. Fam.
can be made, lists of taxa requiring further investi- Aetheog. 112(1805)
gation are given, separate from the synonymy but Lycopodium nudum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1100 (1753)
under the name of the most closely related accepted Psilotum triquetrum Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)
species. 1800(2): 109(1802)
Adventive species are included with the native Bemhardia novae-hollandiae K. Miiller, Bot. Zei-
species and are indicated with an asterisk. Only tung (Berlin) 14: 237(1856)
basionyms and particularly important synonyms Psilotum heterocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
are given for these species. 237 (1888)
Mistaken identifications are listed in the custom- Psilotum novae-zelandiae Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot.
ary fashion. For example (p. 447), authors erro- France 66: 306 (1919)
neously identifying New Zealand material of
Lycopodium australianum Herter as L. selago L. TMESIPTERIS Bernh.
are listed after the entry "Lycopodium selago auctt. Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard, Botaniste 2:
non L. (1753): ....". Only the standard fern floras 213 (1890-91)
of New Zealand have been checked for this type Tmesipteris lanceolata M. Sykes, Ann. Bot. (Lon-
of inaccuracy, including the following works: Rich- don) 22: 64 (1908), non P. A. Dangeard (1890-
ard (1832), Cunningham (1837), Raoul (1846), 91)
Hooker (1855, 1867), von Mueller (1864), Thom- Tmesipteris tannensis var. elongata (P. A. Dan-
son (1882), Field (1890), Cheeseman (1906, 1925), geard) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 231 (1915)
Dobbie (1921, 1931, 1951), Allan (1961), and Tmesipteris tugana H. Barber, Victoria Naturalist
Crookes (1963). 71: 97 (1954)
Names of taxa dubiously or erroneously recorded Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard subsp.
for New Zealand are listed alphabetically on p. 472. robusta Chinnock, N.Z. J. Bot. 13: 763 (1975)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 447

Tmesipteris forsteri auctt. non Endl. (1833): A. Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1035 (1906); Cheesem.
Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 360 (1837); Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 99 (1925)
Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 36 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. Lycopodium cernuum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1103 (1753)
N.Z. 2: 51 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 391 Lepidotis cernua (L.) P. Beauv. Prodr. Fam.
(1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 108 (1882) Aetheog. 108 (1805)
Tmesipteris lanceolata P. A. Dangeard, Botaniste 2: Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco et Carv. Vase. Bol.
214 (1890-91) Soc. Brot. Ser. II, 41: 25 (1967)
Tmesipteris tannensis var. lanceolata (P. A. Dan- Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pichi Serm. Webbia 23:
geard) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 232, t. 1, 166 (1968)
f. 4 (1915) Lycopodium polycephalum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
Tmesipteris tannensis auct. non Bernh. (1801): 27: 401 (1895)
Sahni, Philos. Trans. Ser. B, 213: 143, pi. 5, f. Palhinhaea polycephala (Col.) Holub, Folia Geo-
8-9 (1925) bot. Phytotax. 20: 79 (1985)
Tmesipteris forsteri auctt. non Endl. (1833): A. Nessel (loc. cit.) refers New Zealand material of L.
Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 360 (1837); cernuum to two varieties which need further
Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 36 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. investigation:
N.Z. 2: 51 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 391 Lycopodium cernuum L. var. curvatum (Swartz)
(1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 108 (1882) Nessel, Die Barlappgewachse 354 (1939)
Tmesipteris sigmatifolia Chinnock, N.Z. J. Bot. 13: Lycopodium cernuum L. var. vulcanicum (Blume)
764(1975) Nessel, Die Barlappgewachse 354 (1939)
Tmesipteris tannensis var. elongata Sahni, Philos. Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter, Index Lyco-
Trans. Ser. B, 213: 143, pi. 5, f. 5-6 (1925), non pod. 15 (1949)
Domin (1915) Lycopodium densum Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 104,
Tmesipteris tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh. J. Bot. t. 251, f. 1 (1807), non Lam. (1778)
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 131, t. 2, f. 5a-f (1801) Lepidotis densa Rothm. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov.
Lycopodium tannense Sprengel, J. Bot. (Schrader) Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944), nom. nov. pro Lyco-
1799 (2): 267 (1800) podium densum Labill.
Bernhardia tannensis (Sprengel) K. Muller, Bot. Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub, Folia
Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 221 (1856) Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 442 (1983)
Tmesipteris fowerakeri H. Barber, Victoria Natu- Lycopodium fastigiatum R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)
ralist 71: 97 (1954) Lycopodium clavatum L. var. fastigiatum (R. Br.)
Benth. Fl. Austral. 7: 675 (1878)
Tmesipteris forsteri auctt. non Endl. (1833): A. Lycopodium curvifolium Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 360 (1837); 234 (1888), non Grev. et Hook. (1831)
Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 36 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. Lycopodium arcitenentis Herter, Index Lycopod.
N.Z. 2: 51 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 391 5 (1949), nom. nov. pro Lycopodium curvifol-
(1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 108 (1882) ium Col.
Lycopodium scopulosum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
235 (1888)
LYCOPSIDA Lycopodium decurrens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28:
617 (1896), non R. Br. (1810)
LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium cochinchense Herter ex Nessel,
LYCOPODIUM L. Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 172 (1940)
Lycopodium australianum Herter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
43: 42 (1909) The occurrence of the following taxa in New
Urostachys australianus (Herter) Herter ex Nes- Zealand needs further investigation (see also Allan,
sel, Die Barlappgewachse 49 (1939) Fl. N.Z. 1: 6, 1961):
Lycopodium australianum (Herter) Allan, Fl. N.Z. Lepidotis magellanica P. Beauv. Prodr. Fam.
1: 3(1961) Aetheog. 102 (1805)
Huperzia australiana (Herter) Holub, Folia Geo- Lycopodium magellanicum (P. Beauv.) Swartz,
bot. Phytotax. 20: 70 (1985) Syn. Fil. 180 (1806)
Urostachys cockaynei Herter ex Nessel, Revista Lycopodium clavatum L. var. magellanicum (P.
Sudamer. Bot. 6: 158, t. 7, f. 12 (1940) Beauv.) Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 1: 113 (1845)
Lycopodium selago auctt. non L. (1753): Hook. f. Lycopodium magellanicum (P. Beauv.) Swartz var.
Fl. N.Z. 2: 52 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. berggrenii Herter ex Nessel, Revista Sudamer.
389 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 103 (1882); Bot. 6: 170, t. 16, f. 86 (1940)
448
Lycopodium fastigiatum R. Br. var. colensoi Nes-
sel, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 171, t. 17, f. 91
(1940)
Lycopodium berggrenii (Herter ex Nessel) Herter,
Index Lycopod. 6 (1949)
Lycopodium laterale R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)
Lepidotis lateralis (R. Br.) Rothm. Feddes Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944)
Lateristachys lateralis (R. Br.) Holub, Folia Geo- Lycopodium myrtifolium Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.
bot. Phytotax. 18: 441 (1983)
Lycopodium consimilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16:
348 (1884)
Lycopodium ramulosum Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 11: Urostachys myrtifolius (Forst. f.) Herter, Index
456, t. 19b (1879)
Lateristachys ramulosa (Kirk) Holub, Folia Geo-
bot. Phytotax. 18: 441 (1983)
The occurrence of the following taxon in New
Zealand and the relationship of L. ramulosum to
L. laterale requires further study:
Lycopodium diffusum R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)
Lycopodium laterale R. Br. var. diffusum (R. Br.)
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 54 (1854)
Lepidotis diffusa (R. Br.) Rothm. Feddes Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944)
Lateristachys diffusa (R. Br.) Holub, Folia Geo-
bot. Phytotax. 18: 441 (1983)
Lycopodium scariosum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 87
(1786)
Stachygynandrum scariosum (Forst. f.) P. Beauv.
Prodr. Fam. Aetheog. 114 (1805)
Diphasium scariosum (Forst. f.) Rothm. Feddes
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 65 (1944)
Lycopodium decurrens R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)
Diphasium decurrens (R. Br.) Holub, Folia Geo-
bot. Phytotax. 20: 78 (1985)
Lycopodium lessonianum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.
59 (1832)
Lycopodium distans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 236
(1888)
Lycopodium serpentinum Kunze in Lehmann, PI.
Preiss. 2: 108 (1846)
Pseudolycopodiella serpentina (Kunze in Leh-
mann) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 442
(1983)
Lycopodium drummondii Spring, Monogr. Fam.
Lycopod. 2: 35 (1850)
Lepidotis drummondii (Spring) Rothm. Feddes
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 66 (1944)
Lycopodium carolinianum auctt. non L. (1753):
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 54 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.
N.Z. Fl. 390 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.
106 (1882)
Lycopodium varium R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)
Urostachys varius (R. Br.) Herter ex Nessel, Die
Barlappgewachse 192 (1939)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Huperzia varia (R. Br.) Rothm. Feddes Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 61 (1944)
Lycopodium flagellaria auctt. non Bory (1829): A.
Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 60 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-
panion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)
Lycopodium phlegmaria auct. non L. (1753): A.
Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)
The following combinations require further study:
87 (1786)
Stachygynandrum myrtifolium (Forst. f.) P. Beauv.
Prodr. Fam. Aetheog. 113 (1805)
Lycopod. 71 (1949)
Huperzia myrtifolia (Forst. f.) Holub, Folia Geo-
bot. Phytotax. 20: 75 (1985)
Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. alpinum R. Br.
Prodr. 165 (1810)
Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. umbrosum R. Br.
Prodr. 165 (1810)
Lycopodium pachystachyum Desv. in Poiret,
Encycl. Suppl. 3: 544 (1813)
Lycopodium billardieri Spring, Monogr. Fam.
Lycopod. 1: 56 (1842)
Urostachys billardieri (Spring) Herter ex Nessel,
Die Barlappgewachse 194 (1939)
Huperzia billardieri (Spring) Rothm. Feddes
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 61 (1944)
Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. billardieri (Spring)
Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 377 (1884)
Lycopodium selago L. var. flagellaria (A. Rich.)
F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 62 (1864)
Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. polaris Kirk,
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 376 (1884)
Urostachys varius (R. Br.) Nessel var. polaris
Herter ex Nessel, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 165,
t. 12, f. 59 (1940)
Urostachys polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Herter, Index
Lycopod. 76 (1949)
Huperzia polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Holub, Folia
Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 76 (1985)
Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. gracile Kirk,
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 377, t. 29 (1884)
Lycopodium billardieri Spring var. gracile (Kirk)
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1036 (1906)
Lycopodium novae-zelandicum Col. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 19: 275 (1887)
Huperzia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Holub, Folia
Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 75 (1985)
Urostachys helmii Nessel, Feddes Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 186 (1934)
Huperzia helmii (Nessel) Holub, Folia Geobot.
Phytotax. 20: 73 (1985)
Lycopodium volubile Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 86
(1786)
Lepidotis volubilis (Forst. f.) Rothm. Feddes
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944)
Pseudodiphasium volubile (Forst. f.) Holub, Folia
Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 442 (1983)
Lycopodium d'urvillaei A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 60
(1832), non Bory (1829)
Lycopodium volubile Forst. f. var. d'urvillaei (A.
Rich.) Nessel, Die Barlappgewachse 369 (1939)
PHYLLOGLOSSUM Kunze
Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze, Bot. Zeitung
(Berlin) 1: 721 (1843)
Lycopodium sanguisorba Spring, Monogr. Fam.
Lycopod. 2: 36 (1850)
SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA P. Beauv.
*Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun, Index
Sem. Horto Bot. Berol. anno 1859 collect. App.
22 (1860)
Lycopodium kraussianum Kunze, Linnaea 18: 114 Botrychium biforme Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 18: 223
(1844)
Selaginella denticulata auct. non Link (1841):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 1054 (1925)
* Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. in Engl. et
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 680 (1901)
* Selaginella sp.
ISOETACEAE
ISOETES L.
Isoetes alpinus Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 7: 377, t. 25
(1875)
Isoetes kirkii A. Braun, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss.
Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1869: 649 (1869)
Isoetes multiangularis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22:
449 (1890)
EQUISETOPSIDA
EQUISETACEAE
EQUISETUM L.
*Equisetum arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 1061 (1753)
FILICOPSIDA
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
BOTRYCHIUM Swartz
Botrychium australe R. Br. Prodr. 164 (1810)
Sceptridium australe (R. Br.) H. Lyon, Bot. Gaz.
40: 457 (1905)
Botrychium ternatum var. australe (R. Br.) Domin,
Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 224 (1915)
Botrychium erosum J. Milde, Bot. Zeitung (Ber-
lin) 22: 102 (1864)
449
Botrychium ternatum var. erosum (J. Milde) J.
Milde, Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 18:
509 (1868)
Botrychium australe var. erosum (J. Milde) Prantl,
Jahrb. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 340 (1884)
Botrychium cicutarium var. virginicum (Hook, f.)
W. L. Lindsay, Contrib. N.Z. Bot. 39 (1868)
Botrychium australe var. typicum R. T. Clausen,
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 38 (1938)
Botrychium virginicum auct. non Willd. (1810):
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)
Botrychium cicutarium auctt. non Swartz (1806):
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 387 (1864); J. B.
Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)
Botrychium ternatum auctt. non Swartz (1802): F.
Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 63 (1864); G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 99 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 157
(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1029 (1906);
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns, ed. 2, 384 (1921); Dobbie,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 436 (1931)
(1886)
Sceptridium biforme (Col.) H. Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 40:
457 (1905)
Botrychium australe var. millefolium (F. Hochst.
ex J. Milde) Prantl, Jahrb. KOnigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 3: 341 (1884)
Botrychium cicutarium Swartz var. dissectum
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 387 (1864), non A.
Gray (1848)
Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Swartz var. dis-
sectum G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 99 (1882)
Botrychium dissectum auct. non Sprengel (1804):
J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)
1800(2): 110(1801)
Osmunda lunaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 1064 (1753)
OPHIOGLOSSUM L.
Ophioglossum coriaceum A. Cunn. Companion Bot.
Mag. 2: 361 (1837)
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. subsp. coriaceum (A.
Cunn.) R. T. Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
19: 161 (1938)
The following names probably also apply to this
species, but their use by different authors needs
checking:
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L.: J. B. Armstr. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881); G. Thomson, Ferns
N.Z. 98 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 155 (1890);
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1027 (1906); Dobbie,
Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 378 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns
ed. 3, 430 (1931)
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. lusitanicum
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)
450
Ophioglossum gramineum Willd.: J. B. Armstr.
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. gramineum
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. minimum Hook. f.
Fl. N.Z. 2: 50 (1854)
Ophioglossum minimum J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 13: 342 (1881)
Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook. Exot. Fl. 1: t. 56
(1823)
Ophioglossum elongatum R. Cunn. ex A. Cunn.
Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)
Ophioglossum pedunculosum auctt. non Desv.
(1811): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 93 (1925);
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 10 (1951); Allan, Fl.
N.Z. 1: 14 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 10
(1963)
The following names probably also apply to this
species but their use by different authors needs
checking:
Ophioglossum vulgatum L.; G. Thomson, Ferns
N.Z. 98 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 155 (1890);
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1028 (1906); Dobbie,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 380 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns
ed. 3, 432 (1931)
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pedunculosum
(Desv.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 221 (1915)
The occurrence of the following taxa in New
Zealand requires further investigation:
Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Sp. PL 2: 1063 (1753)
Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. Prodr. 163 (1810)
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. costatum (R. Br.)
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)
MARATTIACEAE
MARATTIA Swartz
Marattia salicina J. E. Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 22:
s.n. (1812)
Marattia fraxinea auctt. non J. E. Smith (1790):
J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881);
G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 97 (1882); Field, Ferns
N.Z. 153 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1026
(1906); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 374 (1921);
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 92 (1925); Dob-
bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 426 (1931)
OSMUNDACEAE
LEPTOPTERIS C. Presl
Leptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) C. Presl,
Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 71 (1846)
Todea hymenophylloides A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.
97, t. 16 (1832)
Osmunda hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) J. B.
Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Todea pellucida Carmich. ex Grev. et Hook. Bot.
Misc. 3: 232 (1833)
Todea marginata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 419
(1897)
Leptopteris marginata (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 390
(1906)
Leptopteris superba (Col.) C. Presl. Gefassbilndel
Farrn 18 (1847)
Todea superba Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 188
(1845)
Osmunda superba (Col.) J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 13: 368 (1881)
Leptopteris X intermedia (Andre) Brownsey, N.Z.
J. Bot. 19: 351 (1981)
Todea intermedia Andre, 111. Hort. 24: 141, t. 290
(1877)
OSMUNDA L.
*Osmunda regalis L. Sp. PL 2: 1065 (1753)
TODEA Willd. ex Bernh.
Todea barbara (L.) T. Moore, Index Fil. cxix, 7
(1857)
Acrostichum barbarum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1072 (1753)
Osmunda barbara (L.) Thunb. Prodr. PL Cap. 171
(1800)
Todea africana Willd. ex Bernh. J. Bot. (Schrader)
1800(2): 126 (1802)
Todea rivularis Sieber ex Kunze, Analecta Pteri-
dogr. 7, t. 4(1837)
SCHIZAEACEAE
LYGODIUM Swartz
Lygodium articulatum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 96,
t. 15 (1832)
Lygodium gracilescens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28:
620 (1896)
SCHIZAEA J. E. Smith
Schizaea australis Gaudich. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris)
5: 98 (1825)
Schizaea ftstulosa var. australis (Gaudich.)
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 749 (1867)
Microschizaea australis (Gaudich.) C. Reed, Bol.
Soc. Brot. Ser. II, 21: 134 (1947)
Schizaea palmata Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud, Bot.
t. 4z (1843)
Schizaea bifida Willd. Abh. Kurfustl. - Mainz.
Akad. Niitzl. Wiss. Erfurt 2(6): 30, t. 3, f. 3 (1802)
Schizaea asperula Wakef. Victoria Naturalist 59:
89 (1942)
Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad.
Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 419, t. 9 (1793)
Acrostichum dichotomum L. Sp. PL 2: 1068 (1753)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 451

Osmunda dichotoma (L.) Sprengel, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1799 (2): 268 (1800)
Ripidium dichotomum (L.) Bernh. J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 127, t. 2, f. 3 (1802)
Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith var. forsteri
(Sprengel) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 207
(1915)
Schizaea fistulosa Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 103, t.
250, f. 3 (1807)
Microschizaeafistulosa(Labill.) C. Reed, Bol. Soc.
Brot. Ser. II, 21: 134 (1947)
Schizaea propinqua A. Cunn. Companion Bot.
Mag. 2: 362 (1837)
Schizaea fistulosa var. propinqua (A. Cunn.) Adiantum formosum R. Br. Prodr. 155 (1810)
Bonap. Notes Pterid. 13: 289 (1921)
PTERIDACEAE
ADIANTUM L.
Adiantum aethiopicum L. Syst. Nat. ed. X, 2: 1329 Adiantum pedatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 83
(1759)
Adiantum assimile Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800
(2): 83 (1802)
Adiantum trigonum Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 99,
t. 248, f. 2 (1807)
"Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Sp. PI. 2: 1096 (1753)
Adiantum affine Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 448 (1810)
Adiantum cunninghamii Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 52, t. 86a
(1851)
Adiantum trapeziforme Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84
(1786), non L. (1753)
Adiantum formosum R. Br. var. cunninghamii Adiantum viridescens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 27: 400
(Hook.) F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 72 (1864)
Adiantum affine Willd. var. chathamicum Field,
Ferns N.Z. 81 (1890)
Adiantum pullum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25: 319
(1893)
Adiantum affine Willd. var. pullum (Col.) Domin, ANOGRAMMA Link
Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 150 (1915)
Adiantum affine auctt. non Willd. (1810): G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 53 (1882); Field, Ferns
N.Z. 80 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 963
(1906); Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 136 (1921);
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 73 (1925); Dob-
bie, N. Z. Ferns ed. 3, 156 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z.
Ferns ed. 4, 218 (1951)
Adiantum formosum auctt. non. R. Br. (1810): A.
Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 88 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-
panion Bot. Mag. 2: 366 (1837); Raoul, Choix
PI. N.Z. 38 (1846)
The following taxon requires further study:
Adiantum affine Willd. var. heterophyllum Col.
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 218 (1888)
Adiantum diaphanum Blume, Enum. PI. Javae 215 Gymnogramma novae-zelandiae Col. Tasmanian
(1828)
Adiantum setulosum J. Smith, Companion Bot.
Mag. New Ser. 2: 22 (1846)
Adiantum tuberosum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
217 (1888)
Adiantum polymorphum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
215 (1888)
Adiantum diaphanum var. polymorphum (Col.)
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 961 (1906)
Adiantum affine auctt. non Willd. (1810): A. Rich.
Essai Fl. N.Z. 87 (1832); A. Cunn. Companion
Bot. Mag. 2: 366 (1837); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z.
38 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 20 (1854); Hook. f.
Handb. N.Z. Fl. 360 (1864)
Adiantum fulvum Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 9 (1846)
Adiantum hispidulum Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)
1800(2): 82(1802)
The relationship of this species to the following
taxon requires further investigation:
(1786), non L. (1753)
Adiantum pubescens Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. 1: 108,
t. 116 (1809), nom. nov. pro Adiantum pedatum
Forst. f.
* Adiantum raddianum C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 158
(1836)
Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. et F. Fischer, PI. Voy.
Russes Monde, Icon. Fil. 23, t. 26 (1818), non
Forst. f. (1786)
? Adiantum cunneipinnulum Nair et Ghosh, Acta
Bot. Indica 2: 78 (1974)
(1895)
Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link, Fil. Sp. 137 (1841)
Polypodium leptophyllum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1092 (1753)
Asplenium leptophyllum (L.) Swartz, Obs. Bot. 403
(1791)
Osmunda leptophylla (L.) Savigny in Lam. Encycl.
4: 657 (1798)
Acrostichum leptophyllum (L.) Lam. et DC. Fl.
Franc. 2: 565 (1805)
Grammitis leptophylla (L.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 218
(1806)
Gymnogramma leptophylla (L.) Desv. Ges. Naturf.
Freunde Berlin Mag. 5: 305 (1811)
Hemionitis leptophylla (L.) Lagasca, Gen. Sp. PI.
33 (1816)
Pityrogramma leptophylla (L.) Domin, Spisy Pfir.
Fak. Karlovy Univ. 88: 9 (1928)
J. Nat. Sci. 2: 165 (1845)
452
CHEILANTHES Swartz
Cheilanthes disians (R. Br.) Mett. Abh. Sencken-
berg. Naturf. Ges. 3: 69 (1859)
Notholaena distans R. Br. Prodr. 146 (1810)
Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze in Lehmann, PL Preiss.
2: 112 (1846)
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz var. sie-
beri (Kunze) Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 362 (1864)
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz subsp.
sieberi (Kunze) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 140
(1915)
The New Zealand species of Cheilanthes are in need
of investigation, including the following names
which have been applied to local material:
Trichomanes tenuifolia Burm. f. Fl. Indica 237
(1768)
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz, Syn. Fil.
129, 332 (1806)
Cheilanthes preissiana Kunze in Lehmann, PI.
Preiss. 2: 112(1846)
Cheilanthes ambigua Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Filic. 91 (1854), non A. Rich. (1832)
Cheilanthes kirkii J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
13: 360 (1881), non Hook. (1861), nom. nov.
pro Cheilanthes tenuifolia Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst.
6: 248 (1874), non Swartz (1806)
Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze var. deltoidea J. B.
Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 12: 346 (1880), nom.
nov. pro Cheilanthes tenuifolia Kirk (1874), non
Swartz (1806)
Cheilanthes venosa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25: 321
(1893)
Cheilanthes erecta Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 619
(1896)
Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Quirk et Chambers,
Austral. J. Bot. 31: 510 (1983)
PELLAEA Link
Pellaea falcata (R. Br.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 129 (1852)
Pteris falcata R. Br. Prodr. 154 (1810)
Platyloma falcata (R. Br.) J. Smith, J. Bot.
(Hooker) 4: 160 (1841)
Allosorus falcatus (R. Br.) Kunze, Index Fil. 10 Mertensia dichotoma (Thunb.) Willd. Kongl.
(1850)
Pteris seticaulis Hook. Icon. PL 3: t. 207 (1839)
Pellaea rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 136 Gleichenia dichotoma (Thunb.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 1:
(1858)
Pteris rotundifolia Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 79 (1786) Gleichenia hermanni R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)
Platyloma rotundifolia (Forst. f.) J. Smith, J. Bot.
(Hooker) 4: 160 (1841)
Allosorus rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Kunze, Index Fil.
10(1850)
The following taxon requires further investigation: Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)
Pellaea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia Hook. Sp.
Fil. 2: 136 (1858)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
PTERIS L.
Pteris comans Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 79 (1786)
Litobrochia comans (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 149 (1836)
*Pteris cretica L. Mant. PL 130 (1767)
Pteris lomarioides Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 380
(1881)
Pteris macilenta A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 82, t. 12
(1832)
Litobrochia macilenta (A. Rich.) J. Smith, J. Bot.
(Hooker) 4: 163 (1841)
Pteris pendula Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 218 (1888)
Pteris macilenta var. pendula (Col.) Cheesem.
Man. N.Z. Fl. 973 (1906)
Pteris saxatilis Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 59: 315
(1928)
Pteris macilenta var. saxatilis Carse, Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 51: 95 (1919)
Pteris tremula R. Br. Prodr. 154 (1810)
Pteris affinis A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 81 (1832)
Pteris tenuis A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2:
365 (1837)
Pteris tremula R. Br. var. tenuis (A. Cunn.) Domin,
Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 156 (1915)
The following taxon requires further investigation:
Pteris novae-zelandiae Field, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 38:
497 (1906)
GLEICHENIACEAE
DICRANOPTERIS Bernh.
Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) L. Underw. Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club 34: 250 (1907)
Polypodium lineare Burm. f. Fl. Indica 235, t. 67,
f. 2(1768)
Gleichenia linearis (Burm. f.) C. B. Clarke, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London, Bot. Ser. II, 1: 428 (1880)
Mertensia linearis (Burm. f.) Fritsch, Bull. Herb.
BoissierSer. II, 1: 1092 (1901)
Polypodium dichotomum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 338, t.
37 (1784)
Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 25: 167 (1804)
Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh. Neues
J. Bot. 1(2): 38 (1805)
12 (1844)
Mertensia hermanni (R. Br.) Poiret in Lam.
Encycl. Suppl. 3: 670 (1814)
GLEICHENIA J. E. Smith
Mertensia dicarpa (R. Br.) Poiret, Encycl. Suppl.
3: 670(1814)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 453

Platyzoma dicarpum (R. Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc. Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. semi-vestita
Linn. Paris 6: 199 (1827) (Labill.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 374 (1862)
Calymella dicarpa (R. Br.) C. Presl, Gefassbiindel Gleichenia microphylla R. Br. var. semi-vestita
Farm 30 (1847) (Labill.) Alderw. Malayan Fems Fern Allies 80
The presence of Gleichenia dicarpa in New Zealand (1917)
needs confirmation. If the new Zealand plant is Calymella semi-vestita (Labill.) Ching, Suny-
shown to be distinct from G. dicarpa elsewhere, atsenia 5: 288 (1940)
then the name G. hecistophylla would be a possible Gleicheniastrum microphyllum var. semi-vestitum
alternative. The following combinations have been (Labill.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 29: 45
proposed: (1950)
Gleichenia hecistophylla A. Cunn. Companion Bot. The following taxa require further investigation:
Mag. 2: 361 (1837) Gleichenia speluncae R. Br. var. glandulosa T.
Gleichenia semi-vestita Labill. var. hecistophylla Moore, Index Fil. 383 (1862)
(A. Cunn.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 5 (1854) Gleichenia punctulata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16:
Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. hecistophylla (A. 344 (1884)
Cunn.) Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 348 (1864) Gleichenia patens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 212
Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. var. hecistophylla (A. (1888)
Cunn.) G. Schneider, Book Choice Ferns 2: 219 Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. patens (Col.)
(1893) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 202 (1915)
Gleicheniastrum hecistophyllum (A. Cunn.) Nakai, Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. mendellii T.
Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 29: 44 (1950) Moore ex G. Schneider, Book Choice Ferns 2:
Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. var. major T. Moore, 216, f. 48 (1893)
Index Fil. 375 (1862) Gleicheniastrum circinnatum (Swartz) Nakai var.
Gleicheniastrum hecistophyllum (A. Cunn.) Nakai mendellii (T. Moore) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.
var. majus (T. Moore) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. 29: 44(1950)
Mus. 29: 44 (1950)
The status of an upland form closely related to G. The following name (and combinations based on
dicarpa needs further investigation both here and the same type) also requires further investigation
in Australia. The following combinations have been but is probably best abandoned as a nomen ambig-
proposed: uum (see p.439):
Gleichenia alpina R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810) Gleichenia circinnata Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)
Mertensia alpina (R. Br.) Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 1800 (2): 107 (1802)
670 (1814)
Platyzoma alpinum (R. Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc.
Linn. Paris 6: 199 (1827)
Calymella alpina (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.
49 (1836) STICHERUS C. Presl
Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. var. alpina (R. Br.) Sticherm cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) Ching,
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 5 (1854) Sunyatsenia 5: 283 (1940)
Gleichenia circinata Swartz var. alpina (R. Br.) Gleichenia cunninghamii Heward ex Hook. Sp.
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 44 (1951) Fil. 1: 6, t. 6b (1844)
The following name also requires further Mertensia cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) J.
investigation: Smith, London J. Bot. 2: 381 (1843)
Calymella major Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 29: Gleichenia ciliata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 414
41 (1950) (1897)
Sticherus ciliatus (Col.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.
Gleichenia microphylla R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810) 29: 41 (1950)
Mertensia microphylla (R. Br.) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. Gleichenia cunninghamii Heward ex Hook. var.
41 (1824) montanum Dobbie, N.Z. Fems ed. 3, 398, f. 142a
Calymella microphylla (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent. (1931)
Pterid. 49 (1836) Sticherus flabellatus (R. Br.) H. St. John. Occas.
Gleicheniastrum microphyllum (R. Br.) C. Presl, Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 17: 81 (1942)
Gefassbiindel Farm 30 (1847) Gleichenia jlabellata R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)
Gleichenia semi-vestita Labill. Sert. Austro-Cale- Mertensiaflabellata(R. Br.) Poiret in Lam. Encycl.
don. 8, t. 11 (1824) Suppl. 3: 670 (1814)
Gleicheniastrum semi-vestitum (Labill.) C. Presl, Gleichenia littoralis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 344
Gefassbiindel Farm 30 (1847) (1884)
454
GRAMMITIDACEAE
ANARTHROPTERIS Copel.
Anarthropteris lanceolata (J. Smith ex Hook, f.)
Pichi Serm. Webbia 29: 13 (1975)
Dictyopteris lanceolata J. Smith, J. Bot. (Hooker) Polypodium paradoxum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14:
4: 64 (1841), nom. nud.
Dictymia lanceolata J. Smith ex Hook. f. Fl. N.Z.
2: 43 (1854)
Anarthropteris lanceolata (J. Smith) L. Moore in
Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 1010 (1961), nom. illeg.
Polypodium dictyopteris Mett. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Grammitis magellanica Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freunde
Ser. IV, 15: 77 (1861)
Loxogramme dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. Univ.
Calif. Publ. Bot. 14: 369 (1929)
Anarthropteris dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. Gen. Fil. Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var.
218 (1947)
Polypodium cunninghamii Hook. Sp. Fil. 5: 58
(1864)
Polypodium attenuatum auctt. non R. Br. (1810):
A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 62 (1832); A. Cunn.
Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 362 (1837); Raoul,
Choix PI. N.Z. 37 (1846)
CTENOPTERIS Blume ex Kunze
Ctenopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Tindale, Amer.
Fern J. 41: 100 (1951)
Grammitis heterophylla Labill. Nov. Holl. PL 2:
90, t. 239 (1807)
Xiphopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Sprengel, Syst.
Veg. 4: 44 (1827)
Polypodium grammitidis R. Br. Prodr. 147 (1810)
Grammitis grammitidis (R. Br.) Keys. Polyp.
Herb. Bunge. 34 (1873)
Ctenopteris grammitidis (R. Br.) J. Smith, Hist.
Fil. 185 (1875)
Gymnogramma billardieri Kaulf. Wesen Far-
renkr. 81 (1827)
Polypodium billardieri (Kaulf.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 236
(1852), non R. Br. (1810)
GRAMMITIS Swartz
Grammitis billardieri Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 139 (1810)
Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
513 (1906), non R. Br. (1810)
Grammitis australis R. Br. Prodr. 146 (1810)
Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. Abh. Senck-
enberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 36 (1856), non Fee (1852)
Grammitis humilis Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud, Bot.
t. 2h (1843)
Grammitis ciliata Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:
166 (1845)
Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. ciliata
(Col.) Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 1 (ed. 2): 98 (1875)
Grammitis australis R. Br. var. villosa Hook. f. Fl. Grammitis australis R. Br. var. nana Franchet,
N.Z. 2: 44 (1854)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. villosum
(Hook, f.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1010 (1906)
Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. vil-
losum (Hook, f.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2,
80 (1925)
336(1882)
Grammitis givenii Parris in Parris et Given, N.Z.
J. Bot. 14: 96 (1976)
Berlin Mag. 5: 313 (1811) subsp. magellanica
Polypodium magellanicum (Desv.) J. W. Sturm,
Enum. PL Vase. Crypt. Chil. 12 (1858)
magellanicum (Desv.) C. Chr. Ark. Bot. 10: 15
(1910)
Grammitis billardieri Willd. var. magellanica
(Desv.) Sota, Opera Lilloana 5: 205 (1960)
Asplenium angustifolium Jacq. Collectanea 1:121
(1787)
Polypodium gramineum Poiret in Lam. Encycl. 5:
511 (1804), non Swartz (1788)
Grammitis araucana Philippi, Linnaea 33: 304
(1864)
Grammitis magellanica Desv. subsp. nothofageti
Parris in Parris et Given, N.Z. J. Bot. 14: 100
(1976)
Grammitis patagonica (C. Chr.) Parris in Parris et
Given, N.Z. J. Bot. 14: 108 (1976)
Polypodium patagonicum C. Chr. Ark. Bot. 10: 15
(1910)
Grammitis ciliata sensu Sota, Opera Lilloana 5:
209 (1960), non Col. (1846)
Grammitis poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi Serm. Webbia
32: 461 (1978)
Polypodium poeppigianum Mett. Abh. Sencken-
berg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 37 (1856)
Grammitis nana Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Filic. 1 (1854), non Fee (1853)
Grammitis australis R. Br. var. alpina S. Jones,
Handb. Ferns N.Z. 31 (1861)
Grammitis pumila J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
13: 341 (1881), non Swartz (1806)
Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. pumilum
(J. B. Armstr.) Cockayne, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 36:
325 (1904) — as P. australe pumila
Polypodium pumilum (J. B. Armstr.) Cockayne,
Rep. Bot. Survey Stewart Is. 47 (1909)
Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. pum-
ilum (J. B. Armstr.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed.
2, 80(1925)
Polypodium crassium Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17:
232 (1885)
Mission Sci. Cap Horn (Bot.) 5: 397 (1889)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. forma nana Phymatosorus novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm.
(Franchet) Skottsb. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap-
sakad. Handl. 56(5): 167 (1916)
Grammitis armstrongii Tindale, Contr. New South
Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 88 (1961)
Grammitis kerguelenensis Tard. Adansonia 2: 114
(1962)
Grammitis pseudociliata Parris in Parris et Given,
N.Z. J. Bot. 14: 106 (1976)
Grammitis rawlingsii Parris in Parris et Given, N.Z.
J. Bot. 14: 105 (1976)
Grammitis rigida Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud, Bot. t. Phymatosorus scandens (Forst. f.) Pichi Serm.
2f(1843)
Grammitis crassa Fee, Gen. Fil. 234, t. 1 (1852)
Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. rigida
(Hombron) Cockayne, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 36: 325
(1904) — as P. australe rigida
Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. rigi-
dum (Hombron) Cockayne, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 40:
305 (1908)
POLYPODIACEAE
PHYMATOSORUS Pichi Serm.
Phymatosorus diversifolius (Willd.) Pichi Serm.
Webbia 28: 459 (1973)
Polypodium diversifolium Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 166
(1810)
Microsorium diversifolium (Willd.) Copel. Univ.
Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 114 (1929)
Pleopeltis diversifolia (Willd.) Melvaine, Proc.
Linn. Soc. New South Wales 61: 120 (1936)
Phymatodes diversifolium (Willd.) Pichi Serm.
Webbia 8: 222 (1951)
Polypodium scandens Labill. Nov. Holl. PL 2: 91, *Polypodium vulgare L. Sp. PI. 1085 (1753)
t. 240 (1807), non Forst. f. (1786)
Polypodium billardieri R. Br. Prodr. 147 (1810)
Phymatodes billardieri (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 196 (1836)
Chrysopteris billardieri (R. Br.) Link, Fil. Sp. 123
(1841)
Drynaria billardieri (R. Br.) J. Smith, Companion
Bot. Mag. New Ser. 2: 14 (1846)
Pleopeltis billardieri (R. Br.) T. Moore, Index Fil.
lxxviii (1857)
Polypodium scandens Forst. f. var. billardieri (R.
Br.) F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 69 (1864)
Polypodium phymatodes auct. non L. (1771): A.
Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 66 (1832)
The following taxa require further investigation:
Polypodium viride Gilbert, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
26: 316 (1899)
Polypodium vulgare var. auritum Gilbert, Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club 26: 317 (1899)
455
Webbia 28: 459 (1973)
Polypodium novae-zelandiae Baker in Hook. Icon.
PI. 17: t. 1674 (1886)
Microsorium novae-zelandiae (Baker) Copel. Gen.
Fil. 196 (1947)
Phymatodes novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm.
Webbia 8: 222 (1951)
IPolypodium pustulatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.
81 (1786), nomen ambiguum — see Pichi Serm.
Webbia 8: 212 (1951)
Webbia 28: 459 (1973)
Polypodium scandens Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81
(1786)
Phymatodes scandens (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 196 (1836)
Drynaria scandens (Forst. f.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 271
(1852)
Microsorium scandens (Forst. f.) Tindale, Amer.
Fern. J. 50: 241 (1960)
Polypodium pustulatum auctt. non Forst. f. (1786):
A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 363 (1837);
Raoul, Choix PL N.Z. 37 (1846); Hook. f. Handb.
N.Z. Fl. 382 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.
89 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 141 (1890); Chee-
sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1013 (1906); Dobbie, N.Z.
Ferns ed. 2, 322 (1921); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.
ed. 2, 81 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 372
(1931)
Phymatodes pustulata auct. non C. Presl (1836):
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 42 (1854)
Microsorium pustulatum auct. non Copel (1947):
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 369 (1951)
POLYPODIUM L.
PYRROSIA Mirbel
Pyrrosia serpens (Forst. f.) Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot.
Soc. 1: 49 (1935) — as P. serpensis
Polypodium serpens Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81
(1786)
Polypodium eleagnifolium Bory in Duperrey, Voy.
Monde, Crypt. 259, t. 31, f. 1 (1829)
Polypodium stellatum Vahl, sensu A. Rich. Essai
Fl. N.Z. 64 (1832)
Niphobolus serpens (Forst. f.) Endl. Prodr. Fl.
Norfolk. 8 (1833)
Craspedaria serpens (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Epimel.
Bot. 263 (1851)
Cyclophorus serpens (Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
201 (1905)
Niphobolus bicolor Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 128 (1824)
Polypodium bicolor (Kaulf.) Mett. Abh. Senck-
enberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 125 (1856)
456
Pyrrosia bicolor (Kaulf.) Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot.
Soc. 1: 49 (1935)
Polypodium rupestre R. Br. var. sinuatum Col.
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 257 (1885)
Polypodium rupestre auct. non R. Br. (1810):
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864)
Niphobolus rupestris auctt. non Sprengel (1827):
A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 363 (1837);
Hook. f. FL N.Z. 2: 44 (1854); Raoul, Choix PI.
N.Z. 37 (1846)
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
HYMENOPHYLLUM J. E. Smith
Hymenophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Kirk, Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 10: app. p. 43, t. 21a (1878)
Trichomanes armstrongii Baker ex Hook, et Baker,
Syn. Fil. 452 (1868)
Microtrichomanes armstrongii (Baker) Copel.
Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 457 (1941)
Craspedophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Rae ex
Copel. Gen. Fil. 33 (1947)
Hymenophyllum cheesemanii var. armstrongii
(Baker) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 938 (1906)
Hymenophyllum cheesemanni Baker in Hook. f.
Icon. PI. 12: 30, t. 1132(1873)
Craspedophyllum cheesemanii (Baker) Wakef.
Victoria Naturalist 66: 59 (1949)
Hymenophyllum melanocheilos Col. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 17: 255 (1885)
Hymenophyllum atrovirens Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 186 (1845)
Mecodium atrovirens (Col.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
73: 457 (1941)
Hymenophyllum javanicum Sprengel var. atrovi-
rens (Col.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 60
(1874)
Hymenophyllum australe Willd. var. atrovirens
(Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 357 (1905)
Hymenophyllum montanum Kirk, Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 10: 394, t. 21b (1878)
Mecodium montanum (Kirk) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
67: 22 (1938)
This species complex requires further investigation
both here and in Australia. The following names
have been applied to New Zealand material:
Hymenophyllum australe Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 527
(1810)
Sphaerocionium australe (Willd.) C. Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)
Mecodium australe (Willd.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
67: 24 (1938)
Hymenophyllum crispatum Hook, et Grev. Icon.
Fil. 1: t. 77 (1828)
Hymenophyllum neo-zelandicum Gand. Bull. Soc.
Bot. France 60: 28 (1913)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Hymenophyllum bivalve (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 99 (1802)
Trichomanes bivalve Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84
(1786)
Sphaerocionium bivalve (Forst. f.) C. Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae 34 (1844)
Meringium bivalve (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
67: 44 (1938)
Hymenophyllum spathulatum Col. Tasmanian J.
Nat. Sci. 2: 184 (1845)
Hymenophyllum pyriforme Bosch, Ned. Kruidk.
Arch. 5(3): 173 (1863)
The following taxon requires further study:
Trichomanes pacificum Hedw. Fil. Gen. Sp. s.n.
(1799)
Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Labill. Nov. Holl.
PL 2: 102, t. 250, f. 2 (1807)
Hymenophyllum antarcticum C. Presl, Hymeno-
phyllaceae 50, t. 12a (1844)
Hymenophyllum demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800(2): 100(1802)
Trichomanes demissum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 85
(1786)
Sphaerocionium demissum (Forst. f.) C. Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)
Mecodium demissum (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp. J.
Sci. 67: 24 (1938)
Hymenophyllum aucklandicum Bosch, Ned.
Kruidk. Arch. 4: 393 (1859)
Hymenophyllum australe Willd. var. aucklandi-
cum (Bosch) C. Chr. Index Fil. 357 (1905)
The following Colenso names require further
investigation:
Hymenophyllum erecto-alatum Col. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 11: 431 (1879)
Hymenophyllum megalocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 15: 308 (1883)
Hymenophyllum demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.
megalocarpum (Col.) C. Chr. Index. Fil. 364
(1905)
Hymenophyllum polychilum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
24: 395 (1892)
Hymenophyllum demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.
polychilum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85:
24(1914)
Hymenophyllum dilatatum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800(2): 100 (1802)
Trichomanes dilatatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 85
(1786)
Sphaerocionium dilatatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)
Diplooephyllum dilatatum (Forst. f.) Bosch, Ver-
slagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad.
Wetensch. 11: 323 (1861)
Mecodium dilatatum (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp. J.
Sci. 67: 24 (1938)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 457

Leptocionium sororium C. Presl, Gesiassbtlndel Hymenophyllum pygmaeum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
Farm 28 (1847) 13: 376(1881)
Hymenophyllum ferrugineum Colla, Herb. Pedem. Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J.
6: 190 (1836)
Sphaerocionium ferrugineum (Colla) Copel. Phi- Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 102 (1802)
lipp. J. Sci. 67: 33 (1938) Trichomanes multifidum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.
Hymenophyllum subtilissimum Kunze, Analecta 85 (1786)
Pteridogr. 49 (1837) Davallia multifidum (Forst. f.) Sprengel, J. Bot.
Hymenophyllum frankliniae Col. Tasmanian J. (Schrader) 1799(2): 271 (1800)
Nat. Sci. 1: 378 (1843) Meringium multifidum (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp.
Hymenophyllum franklinianum Col. Tasmanian J. Sci. 67: 44 (1938)
J. Nat. Sci. 2: 183 (1845) Hymenophyllum truncatum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
Hymenophyllum aeruginosum (Poiret) Carmich. 23: 390 (1891)
war. franklinianum (Col.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 94 Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.
(1844) truncatum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85:
Sphaerocionium frankliniae (Col.) Iwatsuki, J. Fac. 25 (1914)
Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 213 (1982) Hymenophyllum alpinum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
31: 263 (1899)
Hymenophyllum aeruginosum auctt. non Car- Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.
mich. (1818): Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 15 (1854); alpinum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 25
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 355 (1864) (1914)
HymenophyllumflabellatumLabill. Nov. Holl. PI. Hymenophyllum oligocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z.
2: 101, t. 250, f. 1 (1807) Inst. 31: 264 (1899)
Mecodium flabellatum (Labill.) Copel. Philipp. J. Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.
Sci. 67: 21 (1938) oligocarpum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85:
Hymenophyllum nitens R. Br. Prodr. 159 (1810) 25 (1914)
HymenophyllumflexuosumA. Cunn. Companion Hymenophyllum peltatum (Poiret) Desv. Mem. Soc.
Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837) Linn. Paris 6: 333 (1827)
Mecodium flexuosum (A. Cunn.) Copel. Philipp. Trichomanes peltatum Poiret in Lam. Encycl. 8:
J. Sci. 67: 24 (1938) 76 (1808)
Hymenophyllum australe Willd. var. flexuosum Hymenophyllum unilaterale Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 521
(A. Cunn.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 361 (1905) (1810)
The Hymenophyllum australe complex, to which Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (L.) J. E. Smith var.
H. flexuosum and the following species belong, unilaterale (Willd.) G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 36
needs thorough investigation: (1882)
Hymenophyllum javanicum Sprengel, Syst. Veg. Hymenophyllum meyeri C. Presl, Hymenophyl-
4: 132 (1827) laceae 50 (1844)
HymenophyllumfyalliiHook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 16 (1854) Hymenophyllum pulcherrimum Col. Tasmanian J.
Trichomanes lyallii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et Nat. Sci. 2: 185 (1845)
Baker, Syn. Fil. 77 (1867) Mecodium pulcherrimum (Col.) Copel. Philipp. J.
Sphaerocionium lyallii (Hook, f.) Copel. Philipp. Sci. 67: 24 (1938)
J. Sci. 67: 33 (1938)
Hymenophyllum malingii (Hook.) Mett. Abh. Math. Hymenophyllum rarum R. Br. Prodr. 159 (1810)
Phys. Cl. Konigl. Sachs. Ges. Wiss. 7: 489, t. 1, Mecodium rarum (R. Br.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
f. 32 (1865) 67: 21 (1938)
Trichomanes malingii Hook. Gard. Ferns t. 64 Hymenophyllum semibivalve Hook, et Grev. Icon.
(1862) Fil. 1: t. 83 (1828)
Apteropteris malingii (Hook.) Copel. Philipp. J. Hymenophyllum imbricatum Col. Tasmanian J.
Sci. 67: 35, t. 1 (1938) Nat. Sci. 2: 187 (1845), non Blume (1828)
Sphaerocionium malingii (Hook.) Iwatsuki, J. Fac.
Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 214 (1982) Hymenophyllum revolutum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 186 (1845)
Hymenophyllum minimum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. Hymenophyllum zeelandicum Bosch, Ned. Kruidk.
91, t. 14, f. 2 (1832) Arch. 5(3): 175 (1863)
Meringium minimum (A. Rich.) Copel. Philipp. Hymenophyllum pusillum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
J. Sci. 73: 457 (1941) 12: 365 (1880)
458
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense auctt. non J. E.
Smith (1794): A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 91 (1832);
A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837);
Raoul, Choix PL N.Z. 39 (1846); Hook. f. Fl.
N.Z. 2: 11 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. Fl. N.Z. 352
(1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 35 (1882); Field,
Ferns N.Z. 65 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.
939 (1906); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 54 (1921);
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 13 (1925); Dob-
bie, N.Z. Fems ed. 3, 64 (1931)
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense var. cupressiforme
auctt. non Labill. (1807); Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 95
(1844); Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 11 (1854); Hook. f.
Handb. N.Z. Fl. 353 (1864)
Hymenophyllum rufescens Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst.
11: 457, t. 19a (1879)
Mecodium rufescens (Kirk) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
67: 21 (1938)
Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz, lipp. J. Sci. 67: 82 (1938)
J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (2): 101 (1802)
Trichomanes sanguinolentum Forst. f. Fl. Ins.
Austr. 84 (1786)
Mecodium sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C. Presl,
Epimel. Bot. 258 (1851)
Sphaerocionium sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C.
Presl, Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)
Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz var.
sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Hook, ex Hook. f. Fl. Reediella endlicheriana (C. Presl) Pichi Serm.
N.Z. 2: 14 (1854)
Hymenophyllum lophocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z.
Inst. 17: 255 (1885)
Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz
var. lophocarpum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot
20, 85: 24 (1914)
Hymenophyllum cristulatum Rosenstock, Feddes
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 14 (1908)
Hymenophyllum polyanthos auctt. non Swartz
(1802); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 39 (1846); G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 38 (1882); Field, Ferns
N.Z. 58 (1890); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 28
(1921)
Hymenophyllum scabrum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.
90, t. 14, f. 1 (1832)
Sphaerocionium scabrum (A. Rich.) C. Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae 34 (1844)
Diplooephyllum scabrum (A. Rich.) Bosch, Ver-
slagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad.
Wetensch. 11: 323 (1861)
Mecodium scabrum (A. Rich.) Copel. Philipp. J.
Sci. 67: 24 (1938)
Sphaerocionium glanduliferum C. Presl, Epimel.
Bot. 22, t. 12 (1851)
The following Colenso variety requires further
study:
Hymenophyllum scabrum var. hirtum Col. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 13: 379 (1881)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Hymenophyllum villosum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 185 (1845)
Mecodium villosum (Col.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.
67: 24 (1938)
TRICHOMANES L.
Trichomanes colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI.
10: t. 979 (1854)
Vandenboschia colensoi (Hook. f. ex Hook.) Copel.
Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 52 (1938)
Trichomanes elongatum A. Cunn. Companion Bot.
Mag. 2: 368 (1837)
Trichomanes rigidum Swartz var. elongatum (A.
Cunn.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. 86 (1868)
Selenodesmium elongatum (A. Cunn.) Copel. Phi-
Trichomanes polyodon Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28:
618 (1896)
Trichomanes endlicherianum C. Presl, Gefa'ssbun-
del Farm 25 (1847)
Crepidopteris endlicheriana (C. Presl) Copel. Phi-
lipp. J. Sci. 67: 58 (1938)
Crepidophyllum endlicherianum (C. Presl) C.
Reed, Amer. Fern J. 38: 89 (1948)
Webbia 24: 719 (1970)
Trichomanes erectum Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Filic. 250, t. 36, f. 1 (1854)
Trichomanes tenue Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Filic. 251, t. 36, f. 2 (1854)
Trichomanes alternans Carruth. in Seemann, Fl.
Viti. 343 (1873)
Trichomanes humile auctt. non Forst. f. (1786):
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 16 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.
N.Z. Fl. 356 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.
46 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 70 (1890); Chee-
sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 944 (1906); Dobbie, Fems
N.Z. ed. 2, 70 (1921); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.
ed. 2, 17 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 82
(1931)
Trichomanes reniforme Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84
(1786)
Cardiomanes reniforme (Forst. f.) C. Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae 13 (1844)
Trichomanes strictum Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.
Icon. Fil. 2: t. 122 (1829)
Trichomanes rigidum Swartz var. strictum (Men-
zies ex Hook, et Grev.) Field, Fems N.Z. 72
(1890)
Macroglena stricta (Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.)
Copel. Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 85 (1938)
Trichomanes leptophyllum A. Cunn. Companion
Bot. Mag. 2: 368 (1837)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 459

Trichomanes venosum R. Br. Prodr. 159 (1810) Alsophila cunninghamii (Hook. f. in Hook.) R.
Phlebiophyllum venosum (R. Br.) Bosch, Versla- Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 36 (1970)
gen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Cyathea dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
Wetensch. 11: 321 (1861) (Schrader) 1800 (2): 94 (1802)
Polyphlebium venosum (R. Br.) Copel. Philipp. J. Polypodium dealbatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 83
Sci. 67: 55 (1938) (1786)
Trichomanes venustula Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 12: Cyathea tricolor Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 15: 304
366 (1880) (1883)
Alsophila tricolor (Col.) R. Tryon, Contr. Gray
Herb. 200: 37 (1970)
DICKSONIACEAE Cyathea dealbata var. tricolor (Col.) Domin, Bib-
DICKSONIA L'Heritier lioth. Bot. 20, 85: 27 (1914)
Dicksonia fibrosa Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: The following taxa require further study:
179 (1845) Hemitelia falciloba Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 24: 394
Balantium fibrosum (Col.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 341 (1892)
(1852) Cyathea falciloba (Col.) Domin, Pterid. 264 (1929)
Dicksonia antarctica Labill. var. fibrosa (Col.) Cyathea kermadecensis W. R. B. Oliver, Trans. N.Z.
Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 10: app. xliii (1878) Inst. 42: 158 (1910)
Dicksonia sparmanniana Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. Alsophila kermadecensis (W. R. B. Oliver) R.
12: 363 (1880) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 37 (1970)
Dicksonia microcarpa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
214(1888) (Schrader) 1800 (2): 94 (1802)
Dicksonia fibrosa Col. var. microcarpa (Col.) C. Polypodium medullare Forst. f. PI. Esc. 74 (1786)
Chr. Index Fil. 221, 222 (1905) Sphaeropteris medullaris (Forst. f.) Bernh. J. Bot.
Dicksonia antarctica auctt. non Labill. (1807): (Schrader) 1800(2): 122 (1802)
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 9 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz var. integra
N.Z. Fl. 351 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 27 (1844)
31 (1882) Cyathea polyneuron Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 11: 429
Dicksonia lanata Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 181 (1879)
(1845) Cyathea medullaris var. polyneuron (Col.) C. Chr.
Balantium lanatum (Col.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 341 Index Fil. 194 (1905)
(1852) Cyathea milnei Hook, ex Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.
The following variety requires further investigation: 349 (1864)
Dicksonia lanata var. hispida Col. Tasmanian J. Alsophila milnei (Hook, ex Hook, f.) R. Tryon,
Nat. Sci. 2: 182 (1845) Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 37 (1970)
Dicksonia squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot. Cyathea smithii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 8, t. 72 (1854)
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 90 (1802) Hemitelia smithii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et
Trichomanes squarrosum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. Baker, Syn. Fil. 31 (1865)
86 (1786) Alsophila smithii (Hook, f.) R. Tryon, Contr. Gray
Balantium squarrosum (Forst. f.) Kunze, Index Fil. Herb. 200: 37 (1970)
11 (1850) The following taxa require further investigation:
Dicksonia gracilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 15: 306 Hemitelia stellulata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 18: 222
(1883) (1886)
Dicksonia squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz var. gracilis Hemitelia microphylla Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 27:
(Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 221 (1905) 399 (1895)
Hemitelia smithii var. microphylla (Col.) Chee-
sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 951 (1906)
CYATHEACEAE Cyathea novae-zelandiae Domin, Pterid. 264
CYATHEA J. E. Smith (1929), nom. nov. pro Hemitelia microphylla
Cyathea colensoi (Hook, f.) Domin, Pterid. 262 Col.
(1929) THELYPTERIDACEAE
Alsophila colensoi Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 8, t. 73
(1854) CHRISTELLA Leveille
Cyathea cunninghamii Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. Christella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey et Jermy,
10: t. 985 (1854) Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 338 (1973)
460
Polypodium dentatum Forsskal, Fl. Aegypt. Arab.
185 (1775)
Dryopteris dentata (Forsskal) C. Chr. Kongel.
Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math.
Afh. 6(1): 24 (1920)
Thelypteris dentata (Forsskal) E. St John, Amer.
Fern J. 26: 44 (1936); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 52 (1961)
Cydosorus dentatus (Forsskal) Ching, Bull. Fan
Mem. Inst. Biol. 8: 206 (1938)
Polypodium nymphale Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81
(1786)
Aspidium nymphale (Forst. f.) Schkuhr, Krypt.
Gew. 1: 36, t. 34 (1809)
Nephrodium nymphale (Forst. f.) Desv. Mem. Soc.
Linn. Paris 6: 258 (1827)
Dryopteris nymphalis (Forst. f.) Copel. B. P. Bishop
Mus. Bull. 59: 46 (1929)
Cydosorus nymphalis (Forst. f.) Ching, Bull. Fan
Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 247 (1941)
Thelypteris nymphalis (Forst. f.) C. Reed, Phyto-
logia 17: 297 (1968)
Aspidium molle Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800
(2): 34 (1802), nom. nov. pro Polypodium molle
Jacq. (1789), non Schreber (1771), nee All. (1785)
Nephrodium molle (Swartz) R. Br. Prodr. 149
(1810)
Dryopteris molle (Swartz) Hieron. Hedwigia 46:
348 (1907)
Nephrodium remotum Heward, London J. Bot. 1:
121 (1842)
Nephrodium molle Desv.; sensu Hook. f. Handb.
N.Z. Fl. 377 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.
84 (1882); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1006 (1906)
Dryopteris parasitica auct. non Kuntze (1891):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 36 (1925)
CYCLOSORVS Link
Cydosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito, Bot. Mag.
(Tokyo) 51: 714, f. 9 (1937)
Pteris interrupta Willd. Phytographia 13, t. 10, f.
1 (1794)
Thelypteris interrupta Iwatsuki, J. Jap. Bot. 38: 314 Nephrodium pennigerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Reliq.
(1963)
Nephrodium propinquum R. Br. Prodr. 148 (1810)
Nephrodium inaequilaterum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
20: 229(1888)
Dryopteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze var. gla-
bra (Mett.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 47
(1914)
The following names as used by New Zealand
authors should also be included here:
Nephrodium unitum R. Br. Prodr. 148 (1810):
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 749 (1864); G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 83 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 134
(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1005 (1906);
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 298 (1921); Dobbie,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 348 (1931)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Cydosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link, Hort. Berol.
2: 128 (1833): Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed 4, 266
(1951); Crookes, Ferns N.Z. ed. 6, 262 (1963)
Nephrodium gongyloides (Schkuhr) Schott, Gen.
Fil. t. 10 (1834): Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 47: 84
(1915)
Dryopteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze, Revis.
Gen. PI. 2: 811 (1891): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.
ed. 2, 37 (1925)
Thelypteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small, Ferns S.E.
States 248 (1938): Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 52 (1961)
MACROTHELYPTERIS (H. Ito) Ching
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching, Acta
Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310 (1963)
Polystichum torresianum Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy.
Uranie, Bot. 333 (1828)
Lastrea torresiana (Gaudich.) T. Moore, Index Fil.
106 (1858)
Thelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston, Lilloa 30:
111 (1960)
Aspidium uliginosum Kunze, Linnaea 20: 6 (1847)
Dryopteris uliginosa (Kunze) C. Chr. Index Fil.
Suppl. 3: 100 (1934)
Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan.
Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 342 (1936)
Nephrodium setigerum auctt. non Baker ex Hook.
et Baker (1867): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1004
(1906); Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 294 (1921);
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 344 (1931)
Dryopteris setigera auct. non Kuntze (1891):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 35 (1925)
PNEUMATOPTERIS Nakai
Pneumatopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Holttum, Blu-
mea 21: 305 (1973)
Polypodium pennigerum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.
82 (1786)
Aspidium pennigerum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 34 (1802)
Haenk. 1: 35 (1825)
Polystichum pennigerum (Forst. f.) Gaudich. in
Freyc. Voy. Uranie, Bot. 328 (1828)
Lastrea pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.
76 (1836)
Goniopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) J. Smith, J. Bot.
(Hooker) 4: 54 (1841)
Dryopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
283 (1905)
Cydosorus pennigerus (Forst. f.) Ching, Bull. Fan.
Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 247 (1941)
Thelypteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1:
51 (1961)
Aspidium cunninghamii Kunze, Linnaea 23: 225
(1850), nom. nov.
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 461

Phegopteris cunninghamii Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot.
Lips. 84 (1856)
GoniopterisforsteriT. Moore, Index Fil. 99 (1858),
nom. nov.
Aspidium novae-zelandiae Ettingsh. Denkschr.
Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23:
103 (1864)
Polypodium pennigerum Forst. f. var. hamiltonii
Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: 338 (1882)
Dryopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Chr. var. ham-
iltoni (Col.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 36
(1925)
Cyclosorus pennigerus (Forst. f.) Ching. var. ham- Pteris montana Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 172
iltoni (Col.) Crookes in Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.
4, 262 (1951)
Polypodium pennigerum var. giganteum Col.
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: 339 (1882)
Polypodium subsimilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
233 (1888)
THELYPTERIS Schmidel
Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. Morton, Contr. Polypodium amplum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 24: 396
U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 71 (1967)
Pteris confluens Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. 171 (1800) Hypolepis petrieana Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 50:
Aspidium thelypteris (L.) Swartz var. squami-
gerum Schldl. Adumbr. Fil. 23, t. 11 (1825)
Aspidium squamigerum (Schldl.) Fee, Mem. Foug.
8: 104 (1857)
Thelypteris palustris Schott var. squamigera
(Schldl.) Weath. in I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray
Herb. 73: 40 (1924); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 53 (1961)
Thelypteris squamigera (Schldl.) Ching, Bull. Fan.
Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 329 (1936) — as T.
squamulosa
Nephrodium squamulosum Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 39
(1854)
Nephrodium thelypteris Desv. var. squamulosum Hypolepis dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 61
(Hook, f.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 88 (1862)
Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. squamu-
losum sensu Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 33
(1925)
Lastrea invisa J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13:
359(1881)
LOXSOMATACEAE
LOXSOMA R. Br. ex A. Cunn.
Loxsoma cunninghamii R. Br. ex A. Cunn. Com- Hypolepis tenuifolia auctt. non Bernh. ex C. Presl
panion Bot. Mag. 2: 366, t. 31-2 (1837) — as
Loxoma
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
HISTIOPTERIS (J. Agardh) J. Smith
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 295
(1875)
Pteris incisa Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. 171 (1800)
Litobrochia incisa (Thunb.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.
149 (1836)
Phegopteris incisa (Thunb.) Keys. Polyp. Herb.
Bunge. 51 (1873)
Pteris vespertilionis Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 96, t.
245 (1807)
Litobrochia vespertilionis (Labill.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 149 (1836)
Histiopteris vespertilionis (Labill.) J. Smith, Hist.
Fil. 295 (1875)
Pteris brunoniana Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 12
(1833)
(1845)
Pteris alpina Field, Ferns N.Z. 97, t. 28, f. 2 (1890)
HYPOLEPIS Bernh.
Hypolepis ambigua (A. Rich.) Brownsey et Chin-
nock, N.Z. J. Bot. 22: 59 (1984)
Cheilanthes ambigua A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 84
(1832)
(1892), non Willd. (1810)
64 (1918)
Hypolepis tenuifolia auctt. non Bernh. ex C. Presl
(1836): Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 22 (1854) p.p.;
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 361 (1864) p.p.; G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 56 (1882) p.p.; Field, Ferns
N.Z. 84 (1890) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 965
(1906) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 68
(1925) p.p.; Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 56 (1961) p.p.
Hypolepis punctata auctt. non Kuhn (1868): Dob-
bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 166 (1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z.
1: 57 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 162
(1963)
(1852)
Cheilanthes dicksonioides Endl. Prodr. Fl. Nor-
folk. 15 (1833)
Hypolepis endlicheriana C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 162
(1836), nom. nov. pro Cheilanthes dicksonioides
Endl.
Cheilanthes pellucida Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.
2: 173 (1845)
Hypolepis tenuifolia (Forst. f.) Bernh. var. pellu-
cida (Col.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 60, t. 90a (1851)
(1836): Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 22 (1854) p.p.;
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 361 (1864) p.p.; G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 56 (1882) p.p.; Field, Ferns
N.Z. 84 (1890) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 965
(1906) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 68
(1925) p.p.; Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 160 (1931);
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 168 (1951); Allan, Fl.
N.Z. 1: 56 (1961) p.p.; Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed.
6, 164 (1963)
462 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

Hypolepis distans Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 70, t. 95c (1852) Dryopteris punctata auct. non C. Chr. (1905):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed 2, 35 (1925) p.p.
Hypolepis lactea Brownsey et Chinnock, N.Z. J. Bot.
22: 55 (1984) Hypolepis rugosula auctt. non J. Smith (1846):
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 162 (1951) p.p.; Allan,
Polypodium rugosulum auctt. non Labill. (1807): Fl. N.Z. 1: 55 (1961) p.p.; Crookes, N.Z. Ferns
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 41 (1854) p.p.; Hook. f. ed. 6, 158 (1963) p.p.
Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864) p.p.; F. Muell. Veg.
Chatham Isl. 68 (1864) p.p.
Polypodium punctatum var. rugosulum auctt. non LEPTOLEPIA Prantl
Hook, et Baker (1868); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.
86 (1882) p.p.; Field, Ferns N.Z. 136 (1890) p.p. Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Mett. ex Diels in
Hypolepis rugosula auctt. non J. Smith (1846): Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 212, f.
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 162 (1951) p.p.; Allan, 115 a,b(1899)
Fl. N.Z. 1: 55 (1961) p.p.; Crookes, N.Z. Ferns Davallia novae-zelandiae Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
ed. 6, 158 (1963) p.p. Sci. 2: 182 (1845)
Polypodium punctatum auctt. non Thunb. (1784); Microlepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) J. Smith, Cat.
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1008 (1906) p.p.; Dob- Kew Ferns (1856)
bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 306 (1921) p.p.; Dobbie, Dennstaedtia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Keys. Polyp.
N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 356 (1931) p.p. Herb. Bunge. 22 (1873)
Dryopteris punctata auctt. non C. Chr. (1905): Acrophorus hispidus T. Moore, Proc. Linn. Soc.
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 35 (1925) p.p. London 2: 286 (1854), nom. nov.
Hypolepis millefolium Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 68, t. 95b
(1852) LINDSAEA Dryander ex J. E. Smith
Hypolepis rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. Victoria Natu- Lindsaea linearis Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800
ralist 72: 159(1956) (2): 78 (1802)
Polypodium rufobarbatum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. Adiantum lineare (Swartz) Poiret in Lam. Encycl.
16: 347 (1884) Suppl. 1: 139 (1810)
Polypodium viscidum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. Lindsaea lunata Willd. Sp. PL 5: 421 (1810)
2: 164 (1845), non Roxb. (1816) Lindsaea trilobata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 345
Polypodium rugosulum auctt. non Labill. (1807): (1884), non Baker (1891)
Hook.f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 41 (1854) p.p.; Hook. f. Lindsaea linearis Swartz var. trilobata (Col.) C.
Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864) p.p.; F. Muell. Veg. Chr. Index Fil. 398 (1906)
Chatham Isl. 68 (1864) p.p. Lindsaea trichomanoides Dryander, Trans. Linn.
Polypodium punctatum var. rugosulum auctt. non Soc. London 3: 43, t. 11 (1797)
Hook, et Baker (1868): G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. Adiantum trichomanoides (Dryander) Poiret in
86 (1882) p.p.; Field, Ferns N.Z. 136 (1890) p.p. Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 140 (1810)
Polypodium punctatum auctt. non Thunb. (1784): Schizoloma trichomanoides (Dryander) Kuhn,
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1008 (1906) p.p.; Dob- Chaetopt. 26 (1882)
bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 306 (1921) p.p.; Dobbie, Adiantum cuneatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84
N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 356 (1931) p.p. (1786)
Dryopteris punctata auct. non C. Chr. (1905): Lindsaea cuneata (Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index. Fil. 392
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 35 (1925) p.p. (1906), non Willd. (1810)
Hypolepis rugosula auctt. non J. Smith (1846): Lindsaea lessonii Bory in Duperrey, Voy. Monde,
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 162 (1951) p.p.; Allan, Crypt. 278, t. 37, f. 2 (1829)
Fl. N.Z. 1: 55 (1961) p.p.; Crookes, N.Z. Ferns Lindsaea trichomanoides Dryander var. lessoni
ed. 6, 158 (1963) p.p. (Bory) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 19 (1854)
Hypolepis subantarctica Brownsey et Chinnock, Lindsaea cuneata (Forst. f.) C. Chr. var. lessonii
N.Z. J. Bot. 22: 57 (1984) (Bory) C. Chr. Index Fil. 395 (1906)
Polypodium viscidum auctt. non Roxb. in Beatson Lindsaea viridis Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 174
(1816): Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 1: 110 (1844); Raoul, (1845)
Choix PI. N.Z. 37 (1846) Odontosoria viridis (Col.) Kuhn, Chaetopt. 26
Polypodium rugosulum auctt. non Labill. (1807): (1882)
Hook.f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 41 (1854) p.p.; Hook.f. Stenoloma viride (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. Suppl.
Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864) p.p. 3: 174 (1934)
Polypodium punctatum auct. non Thunb. (1784): Sphenomeris viridis (Col.) Brownlie, Trans & Proc.
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1008 (1906) p.p. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 87: 197 (1959)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
PAESIA A. St. Hil.
Paesia scaberula (A. Rich.) Kuhn, Chaetopt. 27
(1882)
Pteris scaberula A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 82, t. 11
(1832)
Allosoms scaberulus (A. Rich.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 154 (1836)
Ornithopteris scaberula (A. Rich.) J. Smith, Hist.
Fil. 299 (1875)
Pteris microphylla A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag.
2: 366 (1837)
PTERIDIUM Gled. ex Scop.
Pteridium esculentum (Forst. f.) Cockayne, Rep. Bot.
Survey Tongariro Natl. Park 34 (1908)
Pteris esculenta Forst. f. PI. Esc. 74 (1786)
Allosoms esculentus (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 154 (1836)
Pteris aquilina L. var. esculenta (Forst. f.) Hook. f. Asplenium hookerianum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.
Fl. N.Z. 2: 25 (1854)
Ornithopteris esculenta (Forst. f.) J. Smith, Hist.
Fil. 298 (1875)
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. esculentum
(Forst. f.) Kuhn, Chaetopt. 27 (1882)
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. esculentum
(Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 591, 597 (1906)
Pteris aquilina auct. non L. (1753): F. Muell. Veg.
Chatham Isl. 73 (1864)
ASPLENIACEAE
ASPLEMUM L.
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80
(1786) subsp. bulbiferum
Asplenium marinum L. var. bulbifera (Forst. f.) F.
Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 66 (1864)
Caenopteris bulbifera (Forst. f.) Desv. Mem. Soc.
Linn. Paris 6: 268 (1827)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. subsp. gracillimum
(Col.) Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 60 (1977)
Asplenium gracillimum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22:
453 (1890)
Asplenium chathamense Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 23: Asplenium symmetricum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 31:
135 (1985)
Asplenium flabellifolium Cav. Descr. PI. 1: 257
(1801) — as A. flavelifolium
Aspleniumflabellifoliumvar. ramosum Col. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 20: 228 (1888)
Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80
(1786) subsp. flaccidum
Caenopterisflaccida(Forst. f.) Thunb. Nova Acta Asplenium lyallii (Hook, f.) T. Moore, Index Fil.
Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 9: 158, t. D,
f. 1-2 (1795)
Darea flaccida (Forst. f.) Willd. Sp. Fil. 5: 295
(1810)
Asplenium marinum L. var. flaccida (Forst. f.) F.
463
Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 67 (1864)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. flaccidum
(Forst. f.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 104
(1914)
Caenopteris odontites Thunb. Nova Acta Acad.
Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 9: 159, t. E, f. 1
(1795)
Darea odontites (Thunb.) Willd. Sp. Fil. 5: 296
(1810)
Asplenium odontites (Thunb.) R. Br. Prodr. 151
(1810)
Caenopteris novae-zelandiae Sprengel, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1799 (2): 269 (1800)
Asplenium heterophyllum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.
74 (1832)
Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. subsp. haurakiense
Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 70 (1977)
2: 169 (1845)
Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. hookeriana
(Col.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 35 (1854)
Asplenium adiantoides Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
Ser. Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Lam. (1786), nee
Raddi (1819)
Asplenium colensoi Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:
170 (1845) — as A. colensii
Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. colensoi (Col.)
Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. 10: t. 984 (1854)
Asplenium hookerianum var. colensoi (Col.) T.
Moore, Index Fil. 137 (1859)
Asplenium richardii var. colensoi (Col.) Hook. Sp.
Fil. 3: 197 (1860)
Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. minus Hook. f.
in Hook. Icon. PL 10: t. 983 (1854)
Asplenium hookerianum Col. var. minus (Hook, f.)
Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 101 (1914)
Asplenium raouli Mett. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf.
Ges. 3: 162 (1859)
Asplenium ornatum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22: 452
(1890)
Asplenium hookerianum Col. var. ornatum (Col.)
Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 101 (1914)
264(1899)
Asplenium ramosum Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3,
288, f. 95c (1931), non Sprengel (1802), nee
Poiret(1811)
Asplenium lamprophyllum Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst.
56: 81 (1926)
143 (1859)
Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. lyallii Hook. f.
Fl. N.Z. 2: 33, t. 77 (1854)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. lyallii G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 74 (1882)
464
Asplenium triste Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser.
Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Kaulf. (1824)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. triste (Raoul)
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 34 (1854)
Asplenium anomodum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 15:
309 (1883)
Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. anomodum (Col.)
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 991 (1906)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. anomodum
(Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 85, 20: 101 (1914)
Asplenium oblongifolium Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 171 (1845)
Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80
(1786), non Burm. f. (1768)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. lucidum
(Forst. f.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. 207 (1868)
Tarachia lucida (Forst. f.) Momose, J. Jap. Bot.
35: 315, t. 28-30(1960)
Asplenium lucidum var. paucifolium Hook. Sp. Fil.
3: 99 (1860)
Asplenium d'urvillei Mett. in Kuhn, Linnaea 36:
95 (1869)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. integrifolium
Szyszyl. in Wawra, Itin. princ. Coburgi 122
(1888)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80
(1786) subsp. obtusatum
Asplenium marinum L. var. obtusata (Forst. f.) F.
Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 66 (1864)
Asplenium obliquum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80
(1786)
Asplenium obtusatum var. obliquum (Forst. f.)
Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 1: 108 (1844)
Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. obliquum
(Forst. f.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 142 (1859)
Asplenium decurrens Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 316 (1810)
Asplenium apice-dentatum Hombron, Voy. Pole
Sud, Bot. t. la (1843)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. subsp. northlandi-
cum Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 49 (1977)
Asplenium pauperequitum Brownsey et P. Jackson,
N.Z. J. Bot. 22: 315 (1984)
Asplenium polyodon Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80
(1786)
Tarachia polyodon (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Epimel. Bot.
76(1851)
Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. var. polyodon
(Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 126 (1905)
Trichomanes adiantoides L. Sp. PI. 2: 1098 (1753)
Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 99
(1905), non Lam. (1786), nee Raddi (1819), nee
Raoul (1844)
Tarachia adiantoides (L.) Nakai ex Tuy. Bot. Mag.
(Tokyo) 49: 505 (1935)
Asplenium falcatum Lam. Encycl. 2: 306 (1786),
nom. illeg.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Asplenium forsterianum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 171 (1845)
Asplenium falcatum var. caudatum sensu Allan,
Fl. N.Z. 1: 71 (1961)
Asplenium caudatum auctt. non Forst. f. (1786):
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 372 (1864); G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 75 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 118
(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 989 (1906);
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 230 (1921); Cheesem.
Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 47 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z.
Ferns ed. 3, 256 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.
4, 327 (1951)
Asplenium falcatum auctt. non Swartz (1806): A.
Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 73 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-
panion Bot. Mag. 2: 364 (1837); Raoul, Choix
PI. N.Z. 37 (1846)
Asplenium richardii (Hook, f.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2:
35 (1854) — as A. richardi
Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. richardii
Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. 10: t. 977 (1854)
Asplenium raoulii Mett. var. richardii (Hook, f.)
Mett. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3: 162
(1859)
Asplenium scleroprium Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud,
Bot. t. Id (1843)
Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. scleroprium
(Hombron) T. Moore, Index Fil. 142 (1859)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. scleroprium G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 74 (1882)
Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. var. aucklandicum
Hookf. Fl. Antarct. 1: 109 (1844)
Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. aucklandicum
(Hook, f.) Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 1012 (1961)
Asplenium aucklandicum (Hook, f.) Crookes, N.Z.
Ferns ed. 6, 334 (1963)
Asplenium shuttleworthianum Kunze, Farrnkrauter
1: 26, t. 14 (1840)
Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. var. shuttlewor-
thianum (Kunze) Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 374
(1864)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. shuttlewor-
thianum (Kunze) G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 76
(1882)
Asplenium terrestre Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 71
(1977) subsp. terrestre
Asplenium terrestre Brownsey subsp. maritimum
Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 74 (1977)
Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. var. littoralis Dob-
bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 302, f. 102a (1931)
Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. PI. 2: 1080 (1753)
Asplenium melanolepis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:
227 (1888), non Franchet et Savat. (1879)
Asplenium trichomanes L. var. melanolepis (Col.)
C. Chr. Index Fil. 121 (1905)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
Asplenium hybrids
The following names, as used by New Zealand ARACHNIODES Blume
authors, possibly refer to hybrids but all need fur- Arachniodes aristata (Forst. f.) Tindale, Contr. New
ther investigation both here and elsewhere:
Caenopteris appendiculata Labill. Nov. Holl. PI.
2: 94, t. 243 (1807)
Asplenium appendiculatum (Labill.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 106 (1836)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. appendicula-
tum (Labill.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 101 (1905)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. decomposita
Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 232 (1885)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. Integra Kirk,
Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 232 (1885)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. laxa Hook. f.
Fl. N.Z. 2: 34(1854)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. pseudo-
lucidum Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 232 (1885)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. tripinnatum
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 34 (1854)
Asplenium canterburiense J. B. Armstr. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 14: 361 (1882)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. canterburiense
(J. B. Armstr.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 104 (1905)
Asplenium laxum R. Br. Prodr. 151 (1810)
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. pseudo-
falcatum Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 231 (1885)
Asplenium rotundifolium Ettingsh. Denkschr.
Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23: CYRTOMIUM C. Presl
73 (1864)
Asplenium tremulum Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud,
Bot. t. 3b, f. A (1843)
Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. tremulum
(Hombron) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 104 CYSTOPTERIS Bernh.
(1914)
PHYLL1TIS Hill
*Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman, Hist. Brit.
Ferns ed. 2, 10 (1844)
Asplenium scolopendrium L. Sp. PI. 2: 1079 (1753)
PLEUROSORUS Fee
Pleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 180
(1852)
Grammitis rutaefolia R. Br. Prodr. 146 (1810)
Gymnogramma rutaefolia (R. Br.) Desv. Mem.
Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 213 (1827)
Ceterach rutaefolium (R. Br.) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot.
Lips. 80(1856)
Gymnogramma pozoi (Lagasca) Desv. var. rutae-
folia (R. Br.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 379
(1874)
Gymnogramma alpina Potts, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 10:
361 (1879)
465
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 89 (1961)
Polypodium aristatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 82
(1786)
Aspidium aristatum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 37 (1802)
Nephrodium aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Reliq.
Haenk. 1: 37 (1825)
Polystichum aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 83 (1836)
Lastrea aristata (Forst. f.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 1:
86 (1858)
Dryopteris aristata (Forst. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 812 (1891)
Rumohra aristata (Forst. f.) Ching, Sinensia 5: 50
(1934)
Polystichopsis aristata (Forst. f.) Holttum, Rev. Fl.
Malaya 2: 486 (1955)
Byrsopteris aristata (Forst. f.) C. Morton, Amer.
Fern J. 50: 152, t. 14(1960)
ATHYRIUM Roth
*Athyriumfilix-femina(L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ.
3(1): 65 (1799)
Polypodium filix-femina L. Sp. PI. 2: 1090 (1753)
*Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.
86 (1836)
Polypodium falcatum L. f. Suppl. PI. 446 (1782)
*Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Neues J. Bot. 1(2):
27 (1805)
Polypodium fragile h. Sp. PI. 2: 1091 (1753) — as
P. Mix] fragile
Cystopteris laciniatus Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 31:
265 (1899)
Cystopteris tasmanica Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 199 (1846)
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. tasmanica
(Hook.) Hook. f. Fl. Tasman. 2: 136, t. 166
(1858)
Cystopteris novae-zelandiae J. B. Armstr. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 13: 360 (1881)
Woodsia laetevirens Prentice ex Bailey, Queens-
land Dept. Agric. Bull. 7: 37 (1891)
Cystopteris fragilis var. laetevirens (Prentice) C.
Chr. Index Fil. 657 (1906)
Cystopteris fragilis auctt. non Bernh. (1806):
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 358 (1864); G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 50 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 76
(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 957 (1906);
Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 112 (1921); Cheesem.
Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 27 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z.
Ferns ed. 3, 132 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.
466
4, 268 (1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 93 (1961);
Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 264 (1963)
Blasdell (Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 40, 1963) refers
New Zealand material to the following taxon which
needs further investigation:
Cystopteris apiiformis Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France
60: 28 (1913)
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. apiiformis
(Gand.) C. Chr. Index Fil. Suppl. 1913-1916, 11
(1917)
DEPARIA Hook, et Grev.
Deparia petersenii (Kunze) Kato, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)
90: 37 (1977) subsp. congrua (Brackenr.) Kato,
J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. Ill, 13: 426 (1984)
Asplenium petersenii Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr.
24 (1837)
Diplazium petersenii (Kunze) Christ, Bull. Acad.
Int. Geogr. Bot. 1902: 245 (1902)
Athyriopsis petersenii (Kunze) Ching, Acta Phy-
totax. Sin. 9: 66 (1964)
Lunathyrium petersenii (Kunze) H. Ohba, Sci.
Rep. Yokosuka City Mus. 11: 53 (1965)
Diplazium congruum Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Filic. 16: 141, t. 18, f. 2 (1854)
Athyrium congruum (Brackenr.) Copel. Univ.
Calif. Publ. Bot. 14: 359 (1929)
Asplenium japonicum auctt. non Thunb. (1784):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 996 (1906); Dobbie,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 268 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns
ed. 3, 318 (1931)
Diplazium japonicum auct. non Beddome (1876):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 44 (1925)
Athyrium japonicum auctt. non Copel. (1908):
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 272 (1951); Allan, Fl.
N.Z. 1: 95 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6,
268 (1963)
The following taxon requires further study:
Asplenium umbrosum var. leumfolia Dobbie, N.Z.
Ferns ed. 3, 314 (1931)
Deparia tenuifolia (Kirk) Kato, J. Fac. Sci. Univ.
Tokyo, Sect. Ill, 13: 407 (1984)
Asplenium umbrosum (Aiton) J. Smith var. ten-
uifolium Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 23: 425 (1891)
Asplenium umbrosum var. multifidum Dobbie,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 316, f. 104b (1931)
DIPLAZIUM Swartz
Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef. Victoria Natu-
ralist 58: 142, f. 3 (1942)
Allantodia australis R. Br. Prodr. 149 (1810)
Athyrium australe (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.
98 (1836)
Asplenium australe (R. Br.) Brackenr. U.S. Expl.
Exped., Filic. 173 (1854)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Athyrium umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl subsp. aus-
trale (R. Br.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 36, 147 (1905)
Athyrium umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl var. australe
(R. Br.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 86 (1914)
Allantodia tenera R. Br. Prodr. 149 (1810)
Asplenium brownii J. Smith, J. Bot. (Hooker) 4:
174 (1841), nom. nov. pro Allantodia australis
R. Br.
Athyrium brownii (J. Smith) J. Smith, Hist. Fil.
328 (1875)
Athyrium umbrosum auct. non C. Presl (1836):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 43 (1925)
Asplenium umbrosum auctt. non J. Smith (1842):
G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 77 (1882); Field, Ferns
N.Z. 125 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 995
(1906)
DRYOPTERIS Adanson
*Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins, Brit. Fern
Gaz. 12: 56 (1979)
Nephrodium affine Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Phi-
los. Soc. 6: 525 (1838)
Dryopteris borreri Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns ed.
3, 189 (1854), nomen inedit
Lastrea pseudomas Wollaston, Phytologist New
Ser. 1: 172 (1855)
Dryopteris pseudo-mas (Wollaston) Holub et Pou-
zar, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 2: 332 (1967)
*Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, Man. Bot.
North U.S. 631 (1848)
Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 2: 7
(1796)
*Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 9
(1834)
Polypodium filix-mas L. Sp. PI. 2: 1090 (1753)
LASTREOPSIS Ching
Lastreopsis glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale, Victoria
Naturalist 73: 183 (1957)
Nephrodium glabellum A. Cunn. Companion Bot.
Mag. 2: 367 (1837)
Lastrea glabella (A. Cunn.) Houlston et T. Moore,
Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 318 (1851)
Nephrodium decompositum R. Br. var. glabellum
(A. Cunn.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 39 (1854)
Aspidium glabellum (A. Cunn.) Lowe, Ferns Brit.
Exot. 6: 93, t. 32 (1857)
Dryopteris glabella (A. Cunn.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
267 (1905)
Ctenitis glabella (A. Cunn.) Copel. Gen. Fil. 124
(1947)
Nephrodium decompositum R. Br. var. micro-
phyllum Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 146 (1862)
Lastreopsis hispida (Swartz) Tindale, Victoria
Naturalist 73: 183 (1957)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
Aspidium hispidum Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 POLYSTICHUM Roth
(2): 39 (1802)
Polystichum hispidum (Swartz) J. Smith, J. Bot.
(Hooker) 4: 195 (1841)
Lastrea hispida (Swartz) Houlston et T. Moore,
Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 318 (1851)
Nephrodium hispidum (Swartz) Hook. Sp. Fil. 4:
150(1862)
Dryopteris hispida (Swartz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 813(1891)
Rumohra hispida (Swartz) Copel. Gen. Fil. 114
(1947)
Polypodium setosum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 82
(1786), non Thunb. (1782)
Polystichum schkuhrii C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 84
(1836)
Lastreopsis microsora (Endl.) Tindale, Victoria
Naturalist 73: 181 (1957) subsp. pentangularis
(Col.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl.
Herb. 3: 334 (1965)
Nephrodium pentangulamm Col. Tasmanian J.
Nat. Sci. 2: 169 (1845)
Ctenitis pentangularis (Col.) Alston, Amer. Fern
J. 45: 160 (1955)
Nephrodium decompositum R. Br. var. pubescens
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 39 (1854)
Nephrodium decompositum auctt. non R. Br.
(1810): F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 69 (1864);
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 378 (1864); G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 82 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 131
(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1002 (1906)
Lastrea decomposita auct. non J. Smith (1846): J.
B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 363 (1881)
Dryopteris decomposita auct. non Kuntze (1891):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 33 (1925)
Ctenitis decomposita auctt. non Copel. (1947):
Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 250 (1951); Allan, Fl. Aspidium wawraeanum Szyszyl. in Wawra, Itin.
N.Z. 1: 90 (1961)
Lastreopsis velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale, Victoria
Naturalist 73: 184(1957)
Aspidium velutinum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 70
(1832)
Nephrodium velutinum (A. Rich.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z.
2: 39, t. 80(1854)
Lastrea velutina (A. Rich.) Brackenr. U.S. Expl. *Polystichum setiferum (Forsskal) Woynar, Mitt.
Exped, Filic. 198 (1854)
Dryopteris velutina (A. Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Polystichum silvaticum (Col.) Diels in Engl. et
PI. 2: 814(1891)
Ctenitis velutina (A. Rich.) Copel. Gen. Fil. 124
(1947)
Lastreopsis sp. [Kermadec Islands — see Tindale,
Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 337,
1965]
467
Polystichum cystostegia (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 13: 364 (1881)
Aspidium cystostegia Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 26, t. 227
(1862)
Dryopteris cystostegia (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 812 (1891)
*Polystichum lentum (D. Don) T. Moore, Index Fil.
86, 95 (1858)
Aspidium lentum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 4
(1825)
*Polystichum proliferum (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 83 (1836)
Aspidium proliferum R. Br. Prodr. 147 (1810)
Polystichum richardii (Hook.) J. Smith, Hist. Fil.
220(1875)
Aspidium richardi Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 23, t. 222
(1862)
Dryopteris richardi (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 813 (1891)
Aspidium coriaceum (Swartz) Swartz var. acuti-
dentatum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 71 (1832)
Polystichum aristatum Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 37, t.
78 (1854), non C. Presl (1836)
Polystichum neo-zelandicum Fee, Mem. Soc. Sci.
Nat. Strasbourg 5: 99 (1857)
Polystichum lobatum (Hudson) C. Presl var. aris-
tatum (Hook, f.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 579 (1906)
Aspidium oculatum Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 24, t. 228
(1862)
Polystichum oculatum (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. Trans.
N.Z. Inst. 13: 364 (1881)
Dryopteris oculata (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 813 (1891)
Polystichum richardii var. oculatum (Hook.) C.
Chr. Index Fil. 85, 280 (1905)
princ. Coburgi 126, t. 15 (1888)
Aspidium zerophyllum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29:
418 (1897)
Polystichum zerophyllum (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
98 (1905), 589 (1906)
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. zerophyl-
lum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 56
(1914)
Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 49: 181 (1913)
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 192 (1899)
Polypodium sylvaticum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 163 (1845)
Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. sylvaticum
(Col.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 998 (1906)
Polystichum vestitum subsp. sylvaticum (Col.) C.
Chr. Index Fil. 568, 588 (1906)
468
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. silvaticum
(Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20,85: 56 (1914)
Polystichum vestitum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 83 (1836)
Polypodium vestitum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 82
(1786)
Aspidium vestitum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 37 (1802)
Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. vestitum
(Forst. f.) Hook, ex Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 375
(1864)
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. vestitum
(Forst. f.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 55 (1914)
Polystichum venustum Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud,
Bot. t. 5 m-n (1844)
Aspidium venustum (Hombron) Hook. f. Fl.
Antarct. 1: 106 (1844)
Aspidium pulcherrimum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 2: 167 (1845)
Aspidium waikarense Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.
2: 168 (1845)
Aspidium perelegans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 416
(1897)
Polystichum perelegans (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
87 (1905), 586 (1906)
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. perelegans
(Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 56 (1914)
Aspidium aculeatum auct. non Swartz (1802): F.
Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 70 (1864)
Aspidium proliferum auctt. non R. Br. (1810): A.
Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 69 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-
panion Bot. Mag. 2: 367 (1837); Raoul, Choix
PI. N.Z. 38 (1846)
RUMOHRA Raddi
Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Ching, Sinensia Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen, J. Linn. Soc,
5: 70 (1934)
Polvpodium adiantiforme Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.
82(1786)
Polystichum adiantiforme (Forst. f.) J. Smith, Hist. Nephrodium tuberosum (Bory ex Willd.) Desv.
Fil. 220 (1875)
Dryopteris adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Nephrolepis tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) C. Presl,
Gen. PL 3: 378 (1898)
Polypodium coriaceum Swartz, Prodr. 133 (1788)
Aspidium coriaceum (Swartz) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 40 (1802)
Tectaria coriacea (Swartz) Link, Hort. Berol. 2:
127 (1833)
Hypopeltis coriacea (Swartz) Bory in Bel. Voy.
IndesOr., Bot. 2: 70(1833)
Polystichum coriaceum (Swartz) Schott, Gen. Fil.
t. 9 (1834)
Aspidium capense Willd. Sp. PL 5: 267 (1810)
Polystichum capense (Willd.) J. Smith, Compan-
ion Bot. Mag. New Sen 2: 35 (1846)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Aspidium cunninghamii Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.
Sci. 1: 379 (1843)
Aspidium cunninghamianum Col. Tasmanian J.
Nat. Sci. 2: 166 (1845)
The following taxon requires further investigation:
Aspidium coriaceum Swartz var. integra A. Rich.
Essai Fl. N.Z. 71 (1832)
DAVALLIACEAE
ARTHROPTERIS J. Smith ex Hook. f.
Arthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) J. Smith ex Hook. f.
Fl. N.Z. 2: 43, t. 82 (1854)
Polypodium tenellum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81
(1786)
Polypodium filipes T. Moore, Gard. Chron. 388
(1855)
DAVALLIAJ. E. Smith
Davallia tasmanii Field, Ferns N.Z. 75, t. 24, f. 5
(1890) — asD. tasmani
Davallia tasmani Cheesem. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 23:
416(1891)
NEPHROLEPIS Schott
*Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.
79 (1836)
Polypodium cordifolium L. Sp. PL 2: 1089 (1753)
Aspidium cordifolium (L.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 32 (1802)
Nephrolepis sp.
The native New Zealand plant, previously referred
to the widespread N. cordifolia, appears to differ
from the introduced plant and requires further
investigation. The following names are relevant to
such an investigation:
Polypodium auriculatum L. Sp. PL 2: 1088 (1753)
Bot. 24: 152 (1887)
Aspidium tuberosum Bory ex Willd. Sp. PL 5: 234
(1810)
Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 252 (1827)
Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
Nephrolepisflexuosa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 231
(1888)
Nephrolepis hirsutula (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. 79 (1836)
Polypodium hirsutulum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81
(1786)
Aspidium hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 32 (1802)
Polystichum hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Bernh. J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1801 (1): 16 (1803)
Nephrodium hirsutulum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Reliq.
Haenk. 1: 32 (1825)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes
Lepidonevron hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Fee, Gen. Fil.
301 (1852)
Nephrolepis exaltata auctt. non Schott (1834):
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1007 (1906); Dobbie,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 304 (1921); Cheesem. Man.
N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 39 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns
ed. 3, 354 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 226
(1951)
BLECHNACEAE
BLECHNUM L.
Blechnum banksii (Hook, f.) Mett. ex Diels in Engl. Onoclea discolor (Forst. f.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 111
et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 249 (1899)
Lomaria banksii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 31, t. 76
(1854)
Spicanta banksii (Hook, f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Blechnum chambersii Tindale in Beadle et al. Fl.
Sydney Region 86 (1972), nom. nov. pro
Blechnum lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm
Stegania lanceolata R. Br. Prodr. 152 (1810)
Blechnum lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm,
Enum. PI. Vase. Crypt. Chil. 25 (1858), non Blechnum durum (T. Moore) C. Chr. Index Fil. 153
Raddi (1819)
Lomaria lanceolata (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg.
4: 62 (1827)
Spicanta lanceolata (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Struthiopteris lanceolata (R. Br.) Ching, Sun-
yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)
Lomaria doodioides Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,
Filic. 124 (1854)
Blechnum doodioides (Brackenr.) Brownlie, Pterid. Blechnumfiliforme(A. Cunn.) Ettingsh. Denkschr.
Fl. Fiji 318 (1977), non Hook. (1840)
Blechnum aggregatum auctt. non Tindale, Proc.
Linn. Soc. New South Wales 85: 254 (1960)
[= B. chambersii X membranaceum]
Blechnum colensoi (Hook. f. in Hook.) Wakef. Vic-
toria Naturalist 72: 159 (1956)
Lomaria colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. 7: t.
627-8 (1844)
Lomaria heterophylla Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.
2: 175 (1845), non Desv. (1811)
Blechnum patersoni (R. Br.) Mett. var. elongatum
(Blume) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 109
(1914), pro parte
Lomaria patersoni auctt. non Sprengel (1827): G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 64 (1882); Field, Ferns
N.Z. 98 (1890); Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 180
(1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 200 (1931)
Lomaria elongata auctt. non Blume (1828):
Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 29 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.
N.Z. Fl. 367 (1864)
469
Lomaria patersoni var. elongata auct. non Hook,
et Baker (1874): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 975
(1906)
Blechnum patersoni auctt. non Mett. (1856): Dob-
bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 280 (1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z.
1: 80(1961)
Blechnum discolor (Forst. f.) Keys. Polyp. Herb.
Bunge. 66 (1873)
Osmunda discolor Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 78 (1786)
Hemionitis discolor (Forst. f.) Schkuhr, Krypt.
Gew. 1: 7, t. 6 (1809)
Gymnopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Bernh. Neues J.
Bot. 1 (2): 20(1805)
(1806)
Lomaria discolor (Forst. f.) Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 293
(1810)
Stegania discolor (Forst. f.) A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.
87 (1832)
Spicanta discolor (Forst. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Struthiopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Ching, Sun-
yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)
(1905)
Lomaria dura T. Moore, Gard. Chron. 290 (1866)
Spicanta dura (T. Moore) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI.
2: 821 (1891)
Struthiopteris dura (T. Moore) Ching, Sunyatsenia
5: 243 (1940)
Lomaria rigida J. Smith, Ferns Brit. For. 290
(1866)
Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23:
57, t. 6, f. 5 (1864)
Lomaria filiformisA. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag.
2: 363 (1837)
Spicanta filiformis (A. Cunn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Struthiopteris filiformis (A. Cunn.) Ching, Sun-
yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)
Lomaria propinqua A. Cunn. Companion Bot.
Mag. 2: 364 (1837)
Lomaria pimpinellifolia Hook. f. London J. Bot.
3: 412 (1844)
Stenochlaena heteromorpha J. Smith, J. Bot.
(Hooker) 4: 149 (1841)
Lomariopsis heteromorpha (J. Smith) T. Moore,
Index Fil. xvii (1857)
Lomariopsis htigelii C. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 263
(1851)
Stenochlaena htigelii (C. Presl) Fee ex L. Underw.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 46 (1906)
Blechnum reptans Luerssen, Fil. Graeff. 142 (1871)
470
Blechnum fluviatile (R. Br.) Lowe ex Salomon,
Nomen. Gefasskrypt. 115 (1883)
Stegania fluviatilis R. Br. Prodr. 152 (1810)
Lomaria fluviatilis (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4:
64 (1827)
Spicanta fluviatilis (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Lomaria rotundifolia Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. Blechnum nigrum (Col.) Mett. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
1: 377 (1843), non Blume (1828)
Lomaria rotundifolia Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
Ser. Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Blume (1828), nee
Col. (1843)
Lomaria fluviatilis (R. Br.) Sprengel var. ramosa
Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 225 (1888)
Blechnum fraseri (A. Cunn.) Luerssen, Flora 59: 292 Polybotrya nana Fee, Hist. Acrostich. 75, t. 38, f.
(1876)
Lomaria fraseri A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag.
2: 364 (1837)
Spicanta fraseri (A. Cunn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.
PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Struthiopteris fraseri (A. Cunn.) Ching, Sun-
yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)
Diploblechnum fraseri (A. Cunn.) DeVol in Li et
al. Fl. Taiwan 1: 153, t. 52 (1975)
Blechnum membranaceum (Col. ex Hook.) Mett. ex
Diels in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4):
249 (1899)
Lomaria membranacea Col. ex Hook. Sp. Fil. 3:
34, t. 145 (1859)
Spicanta membranacea (Col. ex Hook.) Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 821 (1891)
Struthiopteris membranacea (Col. ex Hook.)
Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 243 (1940)
Lomaria oligoneuron Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16:
346 (1884)
Lomaria intermedia Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 19: 274
(1887)
Blechnum hamiltonii C. Chr. Index Fil. 155 (1905),
nom. nov. pro. Lomaria intermedia Col.
Struthiopteris intermedia (Col.) Ching, Suny-
atsenia 5: 243 (1940)
Lomaria pygmaea Col. Trans N.Z. Inst. 25: 322
(1893)
Blechnum pygmaeum (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 158
(1905)
Lomaria alternans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 616
(1896)
Blechnum alternans (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 150
(1905)
Blechnum minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh. Denkschr. Kais- Lomaria parvifolia Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 224
erl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23: 63,
t. 8, f. 5, 12 (1864)
Stegania minor R. Br. Prodr. 153 (1810)
Lomaria minor (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4: 65
(1827)
Lomaria procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel var. minor (R.
Br.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 27 (1854)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
Lomaria capensis (L.) Willd. var. minor (R. Br.)
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 981 (1906)
Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. minus (R. Br.)
Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 116 (1914)
Lomaria procera var. gracilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.
25: 323 (1893)
Ser. IV, 15: 69 (1861)
Lomaria nigra Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 1: 375
(1843)
Spicanta nigra (Col.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2:
822 (1891)
Struthiopteris nigra (Col.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5:
243 (1940)
1 (1845)
Blechnum norfolkianum (Heward) C. Chr. Index Fil.
157 (1905)
Lomaria norfolkiana Heward, London. J. Bot. 1:
122 (1842)
Blechnum lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm var.
norfolkianum (Heward) Domin, Biblioth. Bot.
20, 85: 113(1914)
Lomaria acuminata Baker ex Hook, et Baker, Syn.
Fil. ed. 2, 481 (1874), non Desv. (1811)
Lomaria attenuata auctt. non Willd. (1810):
Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 368 (1864); G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 65 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 101
(1890)
Blechnum penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 92
(1868)
Polypodium penna-marina Poiret in Lam. Encycl.
5: 520(1804)
Lomaria penna-marina (Poiret) Trev. St. Leon,
Atti Reale 1st. Veneto Sci. Ill, 14: 570 (1869)
Struthiopteris penna-marina (Poiret) Maxon et C.
Morton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 44 (1939)
Stegania alpina R. Br. Prodr. 152 (1810)
Lomaria alpina (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4: 62
(1827)
Blechnum alpinum (R. Br.) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot.
Lips. 64 (1856)
Lomaria linearis Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 1:
376 (1843)
Lomaria pumila Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser.
Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Kaulf. (1824)
Spicanta pumila (Raoul) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PL
2: 822 (1891)
(1888)
Blechnum parvifolium (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 157
(1905)
Lomaria distans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 615
(1896)
Blechnum hillii C. Chr. Index Fil. 155 (1905), nom.
nov. pro Lomaria distans Col.
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 471

Struthiopteris distans (Col.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: Blechnum sp. ("mountain")

243 (1940) Blechnum X aggregatum (Col.) Tindale, Proc. Linn.
Blechnum procerum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot. Soc. New South Wales 85: 254 (1960), pro sp.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 75 (1802) [= B. chambersii Tindale X membranaceum
Osmunda procera Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 78 (1786) (Col. ex Hook.) Mett]
Onoclea procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel, J. Bot. Lomaria aggregata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 223
(Schrader) 1799 (2): 267 (1800) (1888)
Asplenium procerum (Forst. f.) Bernh. Abh. Kur- Blechnum incertae sedis
flirstl- Mainz. Akad. Niltzl. Wiss Erfurt 2(7): 17, The following names are of uncertain status and
t. 1, f. 1 (1802) require further investigation:
Stegania procera (Forst. f.) R. Br. Prodr. 153 (1810) Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. hookerianum
Lomaria procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4: Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 115 (1914)
65 (1827) Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. contractum
Parablechnum procerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Epi- Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 15 (1914)
mel. Bot. 109 (1851) Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. acuminatum
Blechnopteris procera (Forst. f.) Trevis. St. Leon, Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 115 (1914)
Atti Reale 1st. Veneto Sci. II, 2: 166 (1851) Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. auriculatum
Lomaria latifolia Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 115 (1914)
175 (1845) Lomaria paleacea Potts, N.Z. Country J. 6: 84
Lomaria duplicata Potts, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9: 491 (1881)
(1877)
Blechnum minus auctt. non Ettingsh. (1864): Allan, DOODIA R. Br.
Fl. N.Z. 1: 81 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns, ed. Doodia aspera R. Br. Prodr. 151 (1810)
6, 280 (1963) Woodwardia aspera (R. Br.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 207
Blechnum vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn, Ann. Mus. (1852)
Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 284 (1869) Doodia media R. Br. Prodr. 151(1810) subsp. aus-
Lomaria vulcanica Blume, Enum. PI. Javae 202 tralis Parris, N.Z. J. Bot. 10: 593 (1972)
(1828) Doodia kunthiana auctt. non Gaudich. (1827): A.
Spicanta vulcanica (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 365 (1837);
PI. 2: 822 (1891) Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 38 (1846)
Lomaria deltoides Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 1: Doodia milnei Carruth. in Seemann, Fl. Viti. 352
376 (1843) (1873)
Lomaria deflexa Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:
Doodia media R. Br. var. milnei (Carruth.) Baker
178 (1845) ex Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 482 (1874)
Lomaria paucijuga Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 222 Doodia caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. milnei (Car-
(1888) ruth.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 126 (1915)
Blechnum sp. ("Green Bay") Doodia connexa sensu Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.
Lomaria capense var. carsi Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns 369 (1864), non Kunze (1848)
ed. 3, 222, f. 76c (1931) — as Lomaria australis IDoodia media R. Br. var. connexa G. Thomson,
var. carsi but corrected in errata Ferns N.Z. 71 (1882)
Blechnum sp. ("black spot") Doodia mollis Parris, N.Z. J. Bot. 18: 145 (1980)
Stegania procera (Forst. f.) R. Br. var. stipulosa A. Doodia media R. Br. var. caudata G. Thomson,
Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 86, t. 13 (1832) Ferns N.Z. 71 (1882)
Lomaria procera var. tegmentosa Hombron, Voy. Doodia caudata auctt. non R. Br. (1810): A. Rich.
Pole Sud, Bot. t. 2e (1843) Essai Fl. N.Z. 76 (1832); A. Cunn. Companion
Lomaria procera var. flagelliformis Szyszyl. in Bot. Mag. 2: 364 (1837); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z.
Wawra, Itin. princ. Coburgi 121 (1888) 38 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 37 (1854) excl.
Lomaria capensis auctt. non Willd. (1810): Chee- syn.; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 37 (1864); Chee-
sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 980 (1906); Dobbie, N.Z. sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 986 (1906); Cheesem. Man.
Ferns ed. 2, 196 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 63 (1925); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 77
3,216(1931) (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 310 (1963)
Blechnum capense auctt. non Schldl. (1825): Doodia squarrosa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 382
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 58 (1925); Allan, (1881)
Fl. N.Z. 1: 80 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns, ed. Doodia caudata Baker, Ann. Bot. (London) 5: 221
6, 282 (1963) (1891)
472
Doodia caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. squarrosa (Col.) Recorded by Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. V,
C. Chr. Index Fil. 242 (1905)
Doodia X digena Parris, N.Z. J. Bot. 10: 596 (1972) Cyclophorus confluens (R. Br.) C. Chr. Index Fil.
[= D. caudata (Cav.) R. Br. X media R. Br.
subsp. australis]
MARSILEACEAE
PILULARIA L.
Pilularia novae-zelandiae Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9:
547, t. 29 (1877)
Calamistrum novae-zelandiae (Kirk) Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 822 (1891)
SALVINIACEAE
AZOLLA Lam.
Azolla filiculoides Lam. Encycl. 1: 343 (1783)
Azolla rubra R. Br. Prodr. 167 (1810)
Azolla filiculoides Lam. var. rubra (R. Br.) Stras- Davallia pinkneyi Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 415
burger, Ueber Azolla 78 (1873)
* Azolla pinnata R. Br. Prodr. 167 (1810)
SALVINIA Seguier
*Salvinia molesta D. Mitch. Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 251
(1972)
SPECIES ERRONEOUSLY OR DUBIOUSLY
RECORDED FOR NEW ZEALAND
Adiantum clavatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 83
(1786), non L. (1753) = Davallia forsteri Car-
ruth, ex Hook, et Baker (see below)
Alsophila lunulata (Forst. f.) R. Br. Prodr. 158
(1810) = Sphaeropteris lunulata (Forst. f.) R.
Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 22 (1970)
Recorded by Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic.
286 (1854)
Angiopteris aurata Vriese in Vriese et Hartig, Mon-
ogr. Maratt. 22 (1853)
Aspidium serra (Swartz) Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)
1800(2): 33(1802)
Recorded by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 68 (1832); A.
Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 367 (1837); Raoul,
Choix PI. N.Z. 38 (1846)
Asplenium difforme R. Br. Prodr. 151 (1810)
Recorded by Hook. f. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 1:
128 (1857); T. Moore, Index Fil. 124 (1859); C.
Chr. Index Fil. 108 (1905)
Asplenium flexuosum Schrader, Goett. Gel. Anz.
916 (1818)
Recorded by Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. V,
18: 309(1873)
Asplenium vulcanicum Blume, Enum. PL Javae 176
(1828)
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23
18: 306 (1873)
198 (1908) = Pyrrosia confluens (R. Br.) Ching,
Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 49 (1935)
Recorded by C. Chr. loc. cit.; Domin, Biblioth.
Bot. 20, 85: 188 (1915)
Davallia forsteri Carruth. ex Hook, et Baker, Syn.
Fil. ed. 2, 470 (1874) = Sphenomeris angusti-
folia (Bernh.) Brownlie, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc.
N.Z. 87: 196 (1959)
Recorded by Hook, et Baker loc. cit.; G. Thom-
son, Ferns N.Z. 49 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 74
(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 956 (1906); J.
B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 364 (1881) —
as Microlepia forsteri J. B. Armstr.; C. Chr. Index
Fil. 464 (1906) — as Odontosoria angustifolia
(Bernh.) C. Chr.
(1897) = Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl,
Epimel. Bot. 95 (1851)
Microlepia pinkneyi (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 427
(1906)
The dubious record of this species in New Zealand
is explained by Brownlie, Trans. & Proc. Roy.
Soc. N.Z. 87: 195 (1959)
Davallia dubia R. Br. Prodr. 157 (1810) = Culcita
dubia (R. Br.) Maxon, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:
458 (1922)
Recorded by J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13:
368 (1881); ibid. 12: 346 (1880) — as Den-
nstaedtia dubia J. Smith (see Kirk, N.Z. J. Sci
1: 387, 1882)
Grammitis scolopendrina Bory in Duperrey, Voy.
Monde, Crypt. 257, t. 30, f. 1 (1829) = Loxo-
gramme scolopendrioides (Gaudich.) C. Morton,
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 33: 242 (1973)
Recorded by Bory loc. cit.; A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.
62 (1832); A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2:
362 (1837); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 37 (1846)
Hymenophyllum ciliatum (Swartz) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) ' 1800 (2): 100 (1802) =
Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800 (2): 99 (1802)
Recorded by Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 747 (1867);
Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 63 (1874); G.
Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 43 (1882); Field, Ferns
N.Z. 64 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 937
(1906); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 11 (1925);
Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 29 (1961)
Hymenophyllum emarginatum Swartz, J. Bot.
(Schrader) 1800(2): 101 (1802)
Recorded by Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. V,
18: 266 (1873)
Hymenophyllum secundum Hook, et Grev. Icon.
Fil. 2: t. 133 (1829)
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 473

Recorded also by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 94 (1832); ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES
A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837);
Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 39 (1846) Page
Acrophorus hispidus T. Moore 462
Hymenophyllum tortuosum Hook, et Grev. Icon. Acrostichum barbarum L. 450
Fil. 2: t. 129 (1829) dichotomum L. 450
Recorded also by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 94 (1832); leptophyllum (L.) Lam. et DC. 451
A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837);
Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 39 (1846) Adiantum aethiopicum L. 433, 451
affine auctt. non Willd. 451
Lindsaea incisa Prentice, J. Bot. 11: 295 (1873) affine Willd. 438, 451
Recorded by C. Chr. Index Fil. 394 (1906) affine var. chathamicum Field 451
Lindsaea microphylla Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) affine var. heterophyllum Col. 451
1800 (2): 79 (1802) affine var. pullum (Col.) Domin 451
Recorded by Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. 110 (1867) assimile Swartz 451
(in error for L. viridis Col. — see Baker, J. Bot. capillus-veneris L. 433, 437, 451
13: 108-10, 1875); C. Chr. Index Fil. 395 (1906) clavatum Forst. f. 472
Lindsaea repens (Bory) Beddome, Ferns S. India cuneatum Forst. f. 438, 462
72, t. 209 (1864) cuneatum Langsd. et F. Fischer 438, 451
Recorded by Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 85 cunneipinnulum Nair et Ghosh 438, 451
(1914) cunninghamii Hook. 433, 438, 451
Lomaria germainii Hook. Sp. Fil. 3: 32 (1859) = diaphanum Blume 433, 451
Blechnum germainii (Hook.) Christ, Bull. Herb. diaphanum var. polymorphum (Col.) Cheesem.
Boissier, Ser. II, 2: 554 (1902) 451
formosum auct. non R. Br. 451
Lomaria subcordata Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. formosum R. Br. 433, 451
V, 18: 316 (1873) = Blechnum subcordatum formosum var. cunninghamii (Hook.) F. Muell.
(Fourn.) Brownlie, Fl. Nouv. Caledon. 3: 248 451
(1969) fulvum Raoul 433, 438, 451
Phymatodes viellardii (Mett.) Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. hispidulum Swartz 433, 438, 451
Bot. Ser. V, 18: 287 (1873) lineare (Swartz) Poiret 462
Polypodium acrostichoides Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. pedatum Forst. f. 451
81 (1786) = Pyrrosia acrostichoides (Forst. f.) polymorphum Col. 451
Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 69 (1935) pubescens Schkuhr 438, 451
Recorded by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 63 (1832) pullum Col. 451
raddianum C. Presl 433, 437, 451
Polypodium invisum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81 setulosum J. Smith 451
(1786) = Sphaerostephanos invisus (Forst. f.) silvaticum Tindale 438
Holttum, Allertonia 1: 211 (1977) trapeziforme Forst. f. 451
Polystichum mohrioides (Bory) C. Presl, Tent. trichomanoides (Dryander) Poiret 462
Pterid. 83 (1836) trigonum Labill. 451
Recorded by Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: 386 (1882); tuberosum Col. 451
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 998 (1906) — as Aspi- viridescens Col. 433, 438, 451
dium mohrioides; Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 242 Allantodia australis R. Br. 466
(1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 89 (1961); Crookes,
N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 238 (1963) tenera R. Br. 466
Allosorus esculentus (Forst. f.) C. Presl 463
Pteris longifolia L. Sp. PI. 2: 1074 (1753) falcatus (R. Br.) Kunze 452
Recorded by J. Buchanan, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: rotundifolius (Forst. f.) Kunze 452
356 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 90 (1890) scaberulus (A. Rich.) C. Presl 463
Tmesipteris truncata (R. Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Alsophila colensoi Hook. f. 459
Paris 6: 192 (1827) cunninghamii (Hook. f. in Hook.) R. Tryon 459
Recorded by Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 231 kermadecensis (W. R. B. Oliver) R. Tryon 459
(1915) — as T. tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh. var. lunulata (Forst. f.) R. Br. 472
truncata (R. Br.) Domin; C. Reed, Bol. Soc. Brot. milnei (Hook, ex Hook, f.) R. Tryon 459
40: 85 (1966) smithii (Hook, f.) R. Tryon 459
Trichomanes bipunctatum Poiret in Lam. Encycl. tricolor (Col.) R. Tryon 459
8: 69 (1808) Anarthropteris dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. 454
Recorded by Copel. Philipp. J. Sci. 51: 177 (1933) lanceolata (J. Smith) L. Moore 454
474 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

lanceolata (J. Smith ex Hook, f.) Pichi Serm. adiantoides Raoul var. colensoi (Col.) Hook. f.
433, 454 463
Angiopteris aurata de Vriese in Vriese et Hartig adiantoides Raoul var. hookeriana (Col.)
Hook. f. 463
472 adiantoides Raoul var. minus Hook. f. in
Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link 433, 451 Hook. 463
Apteropteris malingii (Hook.) Copel. 457 adiantoides Raoul var. richardii Hook. f. in
Hook. 464
Arachniodes aristata (Forst. f.) Tindale 434, 465 angustifolium Jacq. 454
Arthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) J. Smith ex Hook. f. anomodum Col. 464
435, 468 apice-dentatum Hombron 464
Aspidium aculeatum auct. non Swartz 468 appendiculatum (Labill.) C. Presl 465
aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. sylvaticum (Col.) aucklandicum (Hook, f.) Crookes 464
Cheesem. 467 australe (R. Br.) Brackenr. 466
aculeatum var. vestitum (Forst. f.) Hook, ex brownii J. Smith 466
Hook. f. 468 bulbiferum Forst. f. 434, 463
aristatum (Forst. f.) Swartz 465 bulbiferum subsp. gracillimum (Col.) Brownsey
capense Willd. 468 434, 463
cordifolium (L.) Swartz 468 bulbiferum var. appendiculata (Labill.) C. Chr.
coriaceum (Swartz) Swartz 468 434, 463
coriaceum var. acutidentatum A. Rich. 467 bulbiferum var. canterburiense (J. B. Armstr.) C.
coriaceum var. Integra A. Rich. 468 Chr. 465
cunninghamianum Col. 468 bulbiferum var. decomposita Kirk 465
cunninghamii Col. 468 bulbiferum var. flaccidum (Forst. f.) Domin 463
cunninghamii Kunze 460 bulbiferum var. Integra Kirk 465
cystostegia Hook. 467 bulbiferum var. laxa Hook. f. 465
glabellum (A. Cunn.) Lowe 466 bulbiferum var. pseudo-lucidum Kirk 465
hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Swartz 468 bulbiferum var. shuttleworthianum (Kunze) G.
hispidum Swartz 466 Thomson 464
lentum D. Don 467 bulbiferum var. tremulum (Hombron) Domin
mohrioides Bory 473 465
molle Swartz 460 bulbiferum var. tripinnatum Hook. f. 465
novae-zelandiae Ettingsh. 461 bulbiferum var. triste (Raoul) Hook. f. 464
nymphale (Forst. f.) Schkuhr 460 canterburiense J. B. Armstr. 465
oculatum Hook. 467 caudatum auctt. non Forst. f. 464
pennigerum (Forst. f.) Swartz 460 chathamense Brownsey 434, 442, 463
perelegans Col. 468 colensoi Col. 463
proliferum auctt. non R. Br. 468 decurrens Willd. 464
proliferum R. Br. 467 difforme R. Br. 472
pulcherrimum Col. 468 d'urvillei Mett. 464
richardi Hook. 467 falcatum auctt. non Swartz 464
serra (Swartz) Swartz 472 falcatum Lam. 464
squamigerum (Schldl.) Fee 461 falcatum var. caudatum sensu Allan 464
thelypteris (L.) Swartz var. squamigerum flabellifolium Cav. 434, 463
Schldl. 461 flabellifolium var. ramosum Col. 463
tuberosum Bory ex Willd. 468 flaccidum Forst. f. 434, 442, 463
uliginosum Kunze 460 flaccidum subsp. haurakiense Brownsey 434,
velutinum A. Rich. 467 463
venustum (Hombron) Hook. f. 468 flaccidum var. aucklandicum Hook. f. 464
vestitum (Forst. f.) Swartz 468 flaccidum var. littoralis Dobbie 464
waikarense Col. 468 flaccidum var. shuttleworthianum (Kunze)
wawraeanum Szyszyl. in Wawra 467 Hook. f. 464
zerophyllum Col. 467 flexuosum Schrader 472
Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. 464 forsterianum Col. 464
adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. var. polyodon (Forst. f.) gracillimum Col. 463
C. Chr. 464 heterophyllum A. Rich. 463
adiantoides Raoul 463 hookerianum Col. 434, 463
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 475

hookerianum var. colensoi (Col.) T. Moore 463 trichomanes var. melanolepis (Col.) C. Chr. 464
hookerianum var. minus (Hook, f.) Domin 463 triste Raoul 464
hookerianum var. ornatum (Col.) Domin 463 umbrosum auctt. non J. Smith 466
japonicum auctt. non Thunb. 466 umbrosum var. leumfolia Dobbie 466
lamprophyllum Carse 434, 463 umbrosum var. multifidum Dobbie 466
laxum R. Br. 465 umbrosum (Aiton) J. Smith var. tenuifolium
leptophyllum (L.) Swartz 451 Kirk 442, 466
lucidum Forst. f. 442, 464 vulcanicum Blume 472
lucidum var. anomodum (Col.) Cheesem. 464 Athyriopsis petersenii (Kunze) Ching 466
lucidum var. aucklandicum (Hook, f.) Allan 464 Athyrium australe (R. Br.) C. Presl 466
lucidum var. lyallii Hook. f. 463 brownii (J. Smith) J. Smith 466
lucidum var. obliquum (Forst. f.) T. Moore 464 congruum (Brackenr.) Copel. 466
lucidum var. paucifolium Hook. 464 filix-femina (L.) Roth 434, 442, 465
lucidum var. scleroprium (Hombron) T. Moore japonicum auctt. non Copel. 442, 466
464 umbrosum auct. non C. Presl 466
lyallii (Hook, f.) T. Moore 434, 463 umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl subsp. australe (R.
marinum L. var. bulbiferum (Forst. f.) F. Br.) C. Chr. 466
Muell. 463 umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl var. australe (R. Br.)
marinum var. flaccida (Forst. f.) F. Muell. 463 Domin 466
marinum var. obtusata (Forst. f.) F. Muell. 464 Azolla filiculoides Lam. 435, 445, 472
melanolepis Col. 464 filiculoides var. rubra (R. Br.) Strasburger 472
obliquum Forst. f. 464 pinnata R. Br. 435, 445, 472
oblongifolium Col. 434, 442, 464 rubra R. Br. 445, 472
obtusatum Forst. f. 434, 464
obtusatum subsp. northlandicum Brownsey 434, Balantium fibrosum (Col.) Fee 459
464 lanata (Col.) Fee 459
obtusatum var. anomodum (Col.) Domin 464 squarrosum (Forst. f.) Kunze 459
obtusatum var. integrifolium Szyszyl. in Wawra Bernhardia novae-hollandiae K. Mtiller 446
464 tannensis (Sprengel) K. Muller 447
obtusatum var. lucidum (Forst. f.) Hook, et Blechnopteris procera (Forst. f.) Trev. St. Leon471
Baker 464 Blechnum aggregatum auct. non Tindale 445, 469
obtusatum var. lyallii G. Thomson 463 X aggregatum (Col.) Tindale 471
obtusatum var. obliquum (Forst. f.) Hook. f. 464 alpinum (R. Br.) Mett. 470
obtusatum var. pseudo-falcatum Kirk 465 alternans (Col.) C. Chr. 470
obtusatum var. scleroprium G. Thomson 464 banksii (Hook, f.) Mett. ex Diels in Engl. et
odontites (Thunb.) R. Br. 463 Prantl 435, 469
ornatum Col. 463 capense auctt. non Schldl. 435, 445, 471
pauperequitum Brownsey 434, 442, 464 capense Burm. f. 445
petersenii Kunze 466 capense (L.) Schldl. var. acuminatum Domin
polyodon Forst. f. 434, 464 471
procerum (Forst. f.) Bernh. 471 capense var. auriculatum Domin 471
ramosum Dobbie 463 capense var. contractum Domin 471
raouli Mett. 463 capense var. hookerianum Domin 471
raoulii var. richardii (Hook, f.) Mett. 464 capense var. minus (R. Br.) Domin 470
richardii (Hook, f.) Hook. f. 434, 464 chambersii Tindale 435, 445, 469
richardii var. colensoi (Col.) Hook. 463 colensoi (Hook. f. in Hook.) Wakef. 435, 445,
rotundifolium Ettingsh. 465 469
scleroprium Hombron 434, 464 discolor (Forst. f.) Keys. 435, 469
scolopendrium L. 465 doodioides (Brackenr.) Brownlie 445, 469
shuttleworthianum Kunze 434, 464 doodioides Hook. 445
subglandulosum (Hook, et Grev.) Salvo, Prada durum (T. Moore) C. Chr. 435, 469
et Diaz 442 filiforme (A. Cunn.) Ettingsh. 435, 469
symmetricum Col. 463 fluviatile (R. Br.) Lowe ex Salomon 435, 445,
terrestre Brownsey 434, 442, 464 470
terrestre subsp. maritimum Brownsey 434, 464 fraseri (A. Cunn.) Luerssen ' 435, 444, 470
tremulum Hombron 465 germainii (Hook.) Christ 473
trichomanes L. 434, 442, 464 hamiltonii C. Chr. 470
476 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

hillii C. Chr. 470 austrotenuifolia Quirk et Chambers 438, 452

lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm 445, 469 dicksonioides Endl. 461
lanceolatum var. norfolkianum (Heward) distans (R. Br.) Mett. 433, 438, 452
Domin 470 erecta Col. 452
membranaceum (Col. ex Hook.) Mett. ex Diels kirkii J. B. Armstr. 452
in Engl. et Prantl 435, 445, 470 pellucida Col. 461
minus auctt. non Ettingsh. 471 preissiana Kunze in Lehmann 452
minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh. 435, 445, 470 sieberi Kunze in Lehmann 433, 438, 452
nigrum (Col.) Mett. 435, 470 sieberi subsp. pseudovellaea Quirk et Chambers
norfolkianum (Heward) C. Chr. 435, 445, 470 438
parvifolium (Col.) C. Chr. 470 sieberi var. deltoidea J. B. Armstr. 452
patersoni auctt. non Mett. 445, 469 tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz 438, 452
patersoni (R. Br.) Mett. var. elongatum (Blume) tenuifolia subsp. sieberi (Kunze) Domin 452
Domin 469 tenuifolia var. sieberi (Kunze) Hook. f. 452
penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhn 435, 445, 470 venosa Col. 452
pwcerum (Forst. f.) Swartz 435, 445, 471 Christella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey et Jermy
pygmaeum (Col.) C. Chr. 470 434, 459
reptans Luerssen 469
subcordatum (Fourn.) Brownlie 473 Chrysopteris billardieri (R. Br.) Link 455
vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn 435, 445, 471 Craspedaria serpens (Forst. f.) C. Presl 455
wattsii Tindale 445 Craspedophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Rae ex
Botrychium australe R. Br. 433, 436, 449 Copel. 456
australe var. erosum (J. Milde) Prantl 449 cheesemanii (Baker) Wakef. 456
australe var. millefolium (F. Hochst. ex J. Milde) Crepidophyllum endlicherianum (C. Presl) C.
Prantl 449 Reed 458
australe var. typicum R. T. Clausen 449 Crepidopteris endlicheriana (C. Presl) Copel. 458
biforme Col. 433, 449 467
cicutarium auct. non Swartz 449 Ctenitis decomposita auct. non Copel. 466
cicutarium Swartz var. dissectum Hook. f. 449 glabella (A. Cunn.) Copel.
cicutarium var. virginicum (Hook, f.) W. L. pentangularis (Col.) Alston 467
Lindsay 449 velutina (A. Rich.) Copel. 467
dissectum auct. non Sprengel 449 Ctenopteris grammitidis (R. Br.) J. Smith 454
erosum J. Milde 449 heterophylla (Labill.) Tindale 433, 454
lunaria (L.) Swartz 433, 436, 449 Culcita dubia (R. Br.) Maxon 472
ternatum auctt. non Swartz 449 Cyathea colensoi (Hook, f.) Domin 434, 459
tematum (Thunb.) Swartz var. australe (R. Br.) cunninghamii Hook. f. in Hook. 434, 441, 459
Domin 449 dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 459
ternatum var. dissectum G. Thomson 449 dealbata var. tricolor (Col.) Domin 459
ternatum var. erosum (J. Milde) J. Milde 449 falciloba (Col.) Domin 459
virginicum auct. non Willd. 449 kermadecensis W. R. B. Oliver 434, 459
Byrsopteris aristata (Forst. f.) C. Morton 465 medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 459
Caenopteris appendiculata Labill. 465 medullaris var. integra Hook. 459
bulbifera (Forst. f.) Desv. 463 medullaris var. polyneuron (Col.) C. Chr. 459
flaccida (Forst. f.) Thunb. 463 milnei Hook, ex Hook.f. 434, 459
novae-zelandiae Sprengel 463 novae-zelandiae Domin 459
odontites Thunb. 463 polyneuron Col. 459
Calamistrum novae-zelandiae (Kirk) Kuntze 472 smithii Hook. f. 434, 459
tricolor Col. 459
Calymella alpina (R. Br.) C. Presl 453 Cyclophorus confluens (R. Br.) C. Chr. 472
dicarpa (R. Br.) C. Presl 453 serpens (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 455
major Nakai 453
microphylla (R. Br.) C. Presl 453 Cyclosorus dentatus (Forsskal) Ching 460
semi-vestita (Labill.) Ching 453 gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link 460
interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito 434, 441, 460
Cardiomanes reniforme (Forst. f.) C. Presl 458 nymphalis (Forst. f.) Ching 460
Ceterach rutaefolium (R. Br.) Mett. 465 pennigerus (Forst. f.) Ching 460
Cheilanthes ambigua Brackenr. 452 pennigerus var. hamiltoni (Col.) Crookes in
ambigua A. Rich. 461 Dobbie 461
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 477

Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C. Presl 434, 465 caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. squarrosa (Col.) C.
Cystopteris apiiformis Gand. 443, 466 Chr. 472
fragilis auctt. non Bernh. 465 connexa Hook. f. 471
fragilis (L.) Bernh. . 434, 443, 465 X digena Parris 472
fragilis var. apiiformis (Gand.) C. Chr. 443, 466 kunthiana auctt. non Gaudich. 471
fragilis var. laetevirens (Prentice) C. Chr. 465 media R. Br. subsp. australis Parris 435, 471
fragilis var. tasmanica (Hook.) Hook. f. 465 media var. caudata G. Thomson 471
laciniatus Col. 443, 465 media var. connexa G. Thomson 471
novae-zelandiae J. B. Armstr. 465 media var. milnei (Carruth.) Baker ex Hook, et
tasmanica Hook. 434, 443, 465 Baker 471
Darea flaccida (Forst. f.) Willd. 463 milnei Carruth. in Seemann 435, 471
mollis Parris 435, 444, 471
odontites (Thunb.) Willd. 463 squarrosa Col. 435, 471
Davallia dubia R. Br. 472
forsteri Carruth. ex Hook, et Baker 472 Drynaria billardieri (R. Br.) J. Smith 455
multifidum (Forst. f.) Sprengel 457 scandens (Forst. f.) Fee 455
novae-zelandiae Col. 462 Dryopteris adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Kuntze 468
pinkneyi Col. 472 affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins 434, 443, 466
tasmani Cheesem. 468 aristata (Forst. f.) Kuntze 465
tasmanii Field 435, 468 borreri Newman 466
Dennstaedtia dubia J. Smith 472 cystostegia (Hook.) Kuntze 467
decomposita auct. non Kuntze 467
novae-zelandiae (Col.) Keys. 462 dentata (Forsskal) C. Chr. 460
Deperia japonica (Thunb.) Kato 442 dilatata (Hoffm.) A Gray 434, 443, 466
petersenii (Kunze) Kato subsp. congrua (Brack- filix-mas (L.) Schott 435, 443, 466
enr.) Kato 434, 442, 466 glabella (A. Cunn.) C. Chr. 466
tenuifolia (Kirk) Kato 434, 442, 466 gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze 460
Dicksonia antarctica auctt. non Labill. 459 gongylodes var. glabra (Mett.) Domin 460
antarctica Labill. var. fibrosa (Col.) Kirk 459 hispida (Swartz) Kuntze 467
fibrosa Col. 434, 459 molle (Swartz) Hieron. 460
fibrosa var. microcarpa (Col.) C. Chr. 459 nymphalis (Forst. f.) Copel. 460
gracilis Col. 459 oculata (Hook.) Kuntze 467
lanata Col. 434, 459 parasitica auct. non Kuntze 460
lanata var. hispida Col. 459 pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 460
microcarpa Col. 459 pennigera var. hamiltoni (Col.) Cheesem. 461
sparmanniana Col. 459 pseudo-mas (Wollaston) Holub et Pouzar 466
squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 459 punctata auctt. non. C. Chr. 462
squarrosa var. gracilis (Col.) C. Chr. 459 richardi (Hook.) Kuntze 467
Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh. 452 setigera auctt. non Kuntze 460
linearis (Burm. f.) L. Underw. 433, 452 thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. squamulosum sensu
Dictymia lanceolata J. Smith ex Hook. f. 454 Cheesem. 461
Dictyopteris lanceolata J. Smith 454 uliginosa (Kunze) C. Chr. 460
velutina (A. Rich.) Kuntze 467
Diphazium decurrens (R. Br.) Holub 448
Equisetum arvense L. 433, 436, 449
scariosum (Forst. f.) Rothm. 448
Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef. 434, 442, 466 Gleichenia alpina R. Br. 439, 453
congruum Brackenr. 466 ciliata Col. 453
japonicum auct. non Beddome 466 circinnata Swartz 439, 453
petersenii (Kunze) Christ 466 circinnata var. alpina (R. Br.) Dobbie 453
circinnata var. hecistophylla (A. Cunn.)
Diploblechnum fraseri (A. Cunn.) DeVol in Li et Hook. f. 453
al. 470 circinnata var. mendellii T. Moore ex G.
Diplooephyllum dilatatum (Forst. f.) Bosch 456 Schneider 453
scabrum (A. Rich.) Bosch 458 circinnata var. patens (Col.) Domin 453
Doodia aspera R. Br. 435, 444, 471 circinnata var. semi-vestita (Labill.) T. Moore
caudata auct. non R. Br. 444, 471 453
caudata Baker 471 cunninghamii Heward ex Hook. 453
caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. milnei (Carruth.) cunninghamii var. montanum Dobbie 453
Domin 471 dicarpa R. Br. 433, 439, 452, 453
478 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

dicarpa var. alpina (R. Br.) Hook. f. 439, 453 rigida Hombron 433, 439, 455
dicarpa var. hecistophylla (A. Cunn.) G. rutaefolia R. Br. 465
Schneider 453 scolopendrina Bory in Duperrey 472
dicarpa var. major T. Moore 453 Gymnogramma alpina Potts 465
dichotoma (Thunb.) Hook. 452 billardieri Kaulf. 454
flabellata R. Br. 453 leptophylla (L.) Desv. 451
hecistophylla A. Cunn. 439, 453 novae-zelandiae Col. 451
hermanni R. Br. 452 pozoi (Lagasca) Desv. var. rutaefolia (R. Br.)
littoralis Col. 453 Hook, et Baker 465
linearis (Burm. f.) C. B. Clarke 452 rutaefolia (R. Br.) Desv. 465
microphylla R. Br. 433, 439, 453 Gymnopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Bernh. 469
microphylla var. semi-vestita (Labill.) Alderw.
453 Hemionitis discolor (Forst. f.) Schkuhr 469
patens Col. 453 leptophylla (L.) Lagasca 451
punctulata Col. 453 Hemitelia falciloba Col. 459
semi-vestita Labill. 453 microphylla Col. 459
semi-vestita var. hecistophylla (A. Cunn.) smithii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et Baker 459
Hook. f. 453 smithii var. microphylla (Col.) Cheesem. 459
speluncae R. Br. var. glandulosa T. Moore 453 stellulata Col. 459
Gleicheniastrum circinnatum var. mendellii (T. Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith 434, 461
Moore) Nakai 453 vespertilionis (Labill.) J. Smith 461
hecistophyllum (A. Cunn.) Nakai 453 Huperzia australiana (Herter) Holub 447
hecistophyllum var. majus (T. Moore) Nakai billardieri (Spring) Rothm. 448
453 helmii (Nessel) Holub 448
microphyllum (R. Br.) C. Presl 453 myrtifolia (Forst. f.) Holub 448
microphyllum var. semi-vestitum (Labill.) novae-zelandiae (Col.) Holub 448
Nakai 453 polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Holub 448
semi-vestitum (Labill.) C. Presl 453 varia (R. Br.) Rothm. 448
Goniopteris forsteri T'. Moore 461 Hymenophyllum aeruginosum auctt. non
pennigera (Forst. f.) J. Smith 461 Carmich. 457
Grammitis araucana Philippi 454 aeruginosum (Poiret) Carmich. var. franklin-
armstrongii Tindale 439, 455 ianum (Col.) Hook. 457
australis R. Br. 454 alpinum Col. 457
australis var. alpina S. Jones 454 antarcticum C. Presl. 456
australis var. nana Franchet 454 armstrongii (Baker) Kirk 434, 456
australis var. villosa Hook. f. 454 atrovirens Col. 434, 440, 456
billardieri Willd. 433, 454 aucklandicum Bosch 456
billardieri var. magellanica (Desv.) Sota 454 australe Willd. 440, 456, 457
ciliata Col. 433, 454 australe var. atrovirens (Col.) C. Chr. 456
ciliata Sota 454 australe var. aucklandicum (Bosch) C. Chr. 456
crassa Fee 439, 455 australe var. flexuosum (A. Cunn.) C. Chr. 457
givenii Parris in Parris et Given 433, 454 bivalve (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 456
grammitidis (R. Br.) Keys. 454 cheesemanni Baker in Hook. f. 456
heterophylla Labill. 454 cheesemanii var. armstrongii (Baker) Cheesem.
humilis Hombron 454 456
kerguelenensis Tard. 455 ciliatum (Swartz) Swartz 472
leptophylla (L.) Swartz 451 crispatum Hook, et Grev. 456
magellanica Desv. 433, 454 cristulatum Rosenstock 458
magellanica subsp. nothofageti Parris in Parris cupressiforme Labill. 434, 440, 456
et Given 433, 454 demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 456
nana Brackenr. 454 demissum var. megalocarpum (Col.) C. Chr.
patagonica (C. Chr.) Parris in Parris et Given 456
433, 454 demissum var. polychilum (Col.) Domin 456
poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi Serm. 433, 439, 454 dilatatum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 456
pseudociliata Parris in Parris et Given 433, 455 emarginatum Swartz 472
pumila J. B. Armstr. 454 erecto-alatum Col. 456
rawlingsii Parris in Parris et Given 433, 455 ferrugineum Colla 434, 457
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 479

flabellatum Labill. 434, 457 dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook. 434, 461

flexuosum A. Cunn. 434, 440, 457 distans Hook. 434, 441, 462
frankliniae Col. 457 endlicheriana C. Presl 461
franklinianum Col. 457 lactea Brownsey et Chinnock 434, 462
hirsutum (L.) Swartz 472 millefolium Hook. 434, 462
imbricatum Col. 457 petrieana Carse 461
javanicum Sprengel 457 punctata auctt. non Kuhn 441, 461
javanicum var. atrovirens (Col.) Hook, et Baker rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. 434, 462
456 rugosula auctt. non. J. Smith 441, 462
lophocarpum Col. 458 subantarctica Brownsey et Chinnock 434, 462
lyallii Hook. f. 434, 457 tenuifolia auctt. non Bernh. ex C. Presl441, 461
malingii (Hook.) Mett. 434, 457 tenuifolia (Forst. f.) Bernh. var. pellucida (Col.)
megalocarpum Col. 456 Hook. 461
melanocheilos Col. 456 Hypopeltis coriacea (Swartz) Bory in Bel. 468
meyeri C. Presl 457
minimum A. Rich. 434, 440, 457 Isoetes alpinus Kirk 433, 436, 449
montanum Kirk 440, 456 kirkii A. Braun 433, 436, 449
multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 457 multiangularis Col. 449
multifidum var. alpinum (Col.) Domin 457 Lastrea aristata (Forst. f.) T. Moore 465
multifidum var. oligocarpum (Col.) Domin 457 decomposita auct. non J. Smith 467
multifidum var. truncatum (Col.) Domin 457 glabella (A. Cunn.) Houlston et T. Moore 466
neo-zelandicum Gand. 456 hispida (Swartz) Houlston et T. Moore 467
nitens R. Br. 457 invisa J. B. Armstr. 461
oligocarpum Col. 457 pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Presl 460
peltatum (Poiret) Desv. 434, 440, 457 pseudomas Wollaston 466
polyanthos auctt. non Swartz 458 torresiana (Gaudich.) T. Moore 460
polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz var. sanguinolentum velutina (A. Rich.) Brackenr. 467
(Forst. f.) Hook, ex Hook. f. 458 Lateristachys diffusa (R. Br.) Holub 448
polychilum Col. 456 lateralis (R. Br.) Holub 448
pulcherrimum Col. 434, 457 ramulosa (Kirk) Holub 448
pusillum Col. 457 Lastreopsis glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale 435, 443,
pygmaeum Col. 440, 457 466
pyriforme Bosch • 456 hispida (Swartz) Tindale 435, 443, 466
rarum R. Br. 434, 457 microsora (Endl.) Tindale subsp. pentangularis
revolutum Col. 434, 440, 457 (Col.) Tindale 435, 443, 467
rufescens Kirk 434, 458 velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale 435, 443, 467
sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 440, 458
sanguinolentum var. lophocarpum (Col.) Lepidonevron hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Fee 469
Domin 458 Lepidotis cernua (L.) P. Beauv. 447
scabrum A. Rich. 434, 458 densa Rothm. 447
scabrum var. hirtum Col. 458 diffusa (R. Br.) Rothm. 448
secundum Hook, et Grev. 472 drummondii (Spring) Rothm. 448
semibivalve Hook, et Grev. 457 lateralis (R. Br.) Rothm. 448
spathulatum Col. 456 magellanica P. Beauv. 447
subtilissimum Kunze 457 volubilis (Forst. f.) Rothm. 448
tortuosum Hook, et Grev. 473 Leptocionium sororium C. Presl 457
truncatum Col. 457 Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Mett. ex Diels in
tunbridgense auctt. non J. E. Smith 458 Engl. et Prantl 434, 462
tunbridgense var. cupressiforme auctt. non Leptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) C. Presl
Labill. 458 433, 450
tunbridgense (L.) J. E. Smith var. unilaterale X intermedia (Andre) Brownsey 437, 450
(Willd.) G. Thomson 457 marginata (Col.) C. Chr. 450
unilaterale Willd. 457 superba (Col.) C. Presl 433, 450
villosum Col. 434, 440, 458
zeelandicum Bosch 457 Lindsaea cuneata (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 462
cuneata var. lessonii (Bory) C. Chr. 462
Hypolepis ambigua (A. Rich.) Brownsey et incisa Prentice 473
Chinnock 434, 461 lessonii Bory in Duperrey 462
480 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

linearis Swartz 434, 462 procera var. gracilis Col. 470

linearis var. trilobata (Col.) C. Chr. 462 procera var. minor (R. Br.) Hook. f. 470
lunata Willd. 462 procera var. tegmentosa Hombron 471
microphylla Swartz 473 propinqua A. Cunn. 469
repens (Bory) Beddome 473 pumila Raoul 470
trichomanoides Dryander 434, 462 pygmaea Col. 470
trichomanoides var. lessoni (Bory) Hook. f. 462 rigida J. Smith 469
trilobata Col. 462 rotundifolia Col. 470
viridis Col. 434, 462, 473 rotundifolia Raoul 470
Litobrochia comans (Forst. f.) C. Presl 452 subcordata Fourn. 473
incisa (Thunb.) C. Presl 461 vulcanica Blume 471
maciknta (A. Rich.) J. Smith 452 Lomariopsis heteromorpha (J. Smith) T. Moore
vespertilionis (Labill.) C. Presl 461 469
Lomaria acuminata Baker ex Hook, et Baker 470 hugelii C. Presl 469
aggregata Col. 471 Loxogramme dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. 454
alpina (R. Br.) Sprengel 470 scolopendrioides (Gaudich.) C. Morton 472
alternans Col. 470 Loxsoma cunninghamii R. Br. ex A. Cunn. 434,
attenuata auctt. non Willd. 470 461
banksii Hook. f. 469 Lunathyrium japonicum (Thunb.) Kurata 442
capense var. carsi Dobbie 471 petersenii (Kunze) H. Ohba 466
capensis auctt. non. Willd. 471
capensis var. minor (R. Br.) Cheesem. 470 Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pichi Serm. 447
colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. 469 Lycopodium arcitenentis Herter 447
deflexa Col. 471 australianum Herter 433, 447
deltoides Col. 471 australianum (Herter) Allan 447
discolor (Forst. f.) Willd. 469 berggrenii (Herter ex Nessel) Herter 448
distans Col. 470 billardieri Spring 436, 448
doodioides Brackenr. 469 billardieri var. gracile (Kirk) Cheesem. 448
duplicata Potts 471 carolinianum auctt. non L. 448
dura T. Moore 469 cernuum L. 433, 435, 447
elongata auctt. non Blume 469 cernuum var. curvatum (Swartz) Nessel 447
filiformis A. Cunn. 469 cernuum var. vulcanicum (Blume) Nessel 447
fluviatilis (R. Br.) Sprengel 470 clavatum L. var. fastigiatum (R. Br.) Benth. 447
fluviatilis var.ramosa Col. 470 clavatum var. magellanicum (P. Beauv.)
fraseri A. Cunn. 470 Hook. f. 447
germainii Hook. 473 cochinchense Herter ex Nessel 447
heterophylla Col. 469 consimilis Col. 448
intermedia Col. 470 curvifolium Col. 447
lanceolata (R. Br.) Sprengel 469 decurrens Col. 447
tatifolia Col. 471 decurrens R. Br. 448
linearis Col. 470 densum Labill. 447
membranacea Col. ex Hook. 470 deuterodensum Herter 433, 447
minor (R. Br.) Sprengel 470 diffusum R. Br. 436, 448
nigra Col. 470 distans Col. 448
norfolkiana Heward 470 drummondii Spring 448
oligoneuron Col. 470 d'urvillaei A. Rich. 449
paleacea Potts 471 fastigiatum R. Br. 433, 436, 447
parvifolia Col. 470 fastigiatum var. colensoi Nessel 448
patersoni auct. non Sprengel 469 flagellaria auctt. non Bory 448
patersoni var. elongata auct. non Hook, et kraussianum Kunze 449
Baker 469 laterale R. Br. 433, 436, 448
paucijuga Col. 471 laterale var. diffusum (R. Br.) Hook. f. 448
penna-marina (Poiret) Trev. St. Leon 470 lessonianum A. Rich. 448
pimpinellifolia Hook. f. 469 magellanicum (P. Beauv.) Swartz 436, 447
procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel 471 magellanicum var. berggrenii Herter ex Nessel
procera var. flagelliformis Szyszyl. in Wawra 447
471 myrtifolium Forst. f. 436, 448
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 481

novae-zelandicum Col. 436, 448 pinkneyi (Col.) C. Chr. 472

nudum L. 446 strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl 472
pachystachyum Desv. 448 Microschizaea australis (Gaudich.) C. Reed 450
phlegmaria auct. non L. 448 fistulosa (Labill.) C. Reed 451
polycephalum Col. 447 Microsorium diversifolium (Willd.) Copel. 455
ramulosum Kirk 433. 436, 448 novae-zelandiae (Baker) Copel. 455
sanguisorba Spring 449 pustulatum auct. non Copel. 455
scariosum Forst. f. 433. 435, 448 scandens (Forst. f.) Tindale 455
scopulosum Col. 447
selago auctt. non L. 447 Microtrichomanes armstrongii (Baker) Copel. 456
selago L. var. flagellaria (A. Rich.) F. Muell. Nephrodium affine Lowe 466
448 aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 465
serpentinum Kunze in Lehmann 433, 448 decompositum auctt. non R. Br. 467
tannense Sprengel 447 decompositum R. Br. var. glabellum (A. Cunn.)
varium R. Br. 433. 436, 448 Hook. f. 466
varium var. alpinum R. Br. 448 decompositum var. microphyllum Hook. 466
varium var. billardieri (Spring) Kirk 448 decompositum var. pubescens Hook. f. 467
varium var. gracile Kirk 448 glabellum A. Cunn. 466
varium var. polaris Kirk 448 gongylodes (Schkuhr) Schott 460
varium var. umbrosum R. Br. 448 hirsutulum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 468
volubile Forst. f. 433, 450 hispidum (Swartz) Hook. 467
volubile v&r.d'urvillaei (A. Rich.) Nessel 450 inaequilaterum Col. 460
Lygodium articulatum A. Rich. 433, 450 molle Desv. 460
gracilescens Col. 450 molle (Swartz) R. Br. 460
Macroglena stricta (Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.) nymphale (Forst. f.) Desv. 460
Copel. 458 pennigerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 460
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching 434, pentangularum Col. 467
propinquum R. Br. 460
460 remotum Heward 460
Marattia fraxinea auctt. non J. E. Smith 437, 450 setigerum auctt. non Baker ex Hook, et Baker
salicina J. E. Smith in Rees 433, 437, 450 460
Mecodium atrovirens (Col.) Copel. 456 squamulosum Hook. f. 461
australe (Willd.) Copel. 456 thelypteris Desv. var. squamulosum (Hook, f.)
demissum (Forst. f.) Copel. 456 Hook. 461
dilatatum (Forst. f.) Copel. 456 tuberosum (Bory ex Willd.) Desv. 468
flabellatum (Labill.) Copel. 457 velutinum (A. Rich.) Hook. f. 467
flexuosum (A. Cunn.) Copel. 457 unitum R. Br. 460
montanum (Kirk.) Copel. 456 Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen 444, 468
pulcherrimum (Col.) Copel. 457 cordifolia (L.) C. Presl 435, 444, 468
rarum (R. Br.) Copel. 457 exaltata auctt. non Schott 444, 469
rufescens (Kirk) Copel. 458 flexuosa Col. 468
sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 458 hirsutula (Forst. f.) C. Presl 435, 444, 468
scabrum (A. Rich.) Copel. 458 occidentalis (Kuhn) Kuntze 444
villosum (Col.) Copel. 458 tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) C. Presl. 444, 468
Meringium bivalve (Forst. f.) Copel. 456 Niphobolus bicolor Kaulf. 455
minimum (A. Rich.) Copel. 457 rupestris auctt. non Sprengel 456
multifidum (Forst. f.) Copel. 457 serpens (Forst. f.) Endl. 455
Mertensia alpina (R. Br.) Poiret 453 Notholaena distans R. Br. 452
cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) J. Smith 453
dicarpa (R. Br.) Poiret 452 Odontosoria angustifolia (Bernh.) C. Chr. 472
dichotoma (Thunb.) Willd. 452 viridis (Col.) Kuhn 462
flabellata (R. Br.) Poiret 453 Onoclea discolor (Forst. f.) Swartz 469
hermanni (R. Br.) Poiret 452 procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel 471
linearis (Burm. f.) Fritsch 452 Ophioglossum coriaceum A. Cunn. 433, 436, 449
microphylla (R. Br.) Kaulf. 453 costatum R. Br. 436, 450
Microlepia forsteri J. B. Armstr. 472 elongatum R. Cunn. ex A. Cunn. 450
novae-zelandiae (Col.) J. Smith 462 gramineum Willd. 450
482 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

lusitanicum L. 436, 449 Platyzoma alpinum (R. Br.) Desv. 453

lusitanicum subsp. coriaceum (A. Cunn.) R. T. dicarpum (R. Br.) Desv. 453
Clausen 436, 449 Pleopeltis billardieri (R. Br.) T. Moore 455
minimum J. B. Armstr. 450
pedunculosum auctt. non Desv. 436, 450 diversifolia (Willd.) Melvaine 455
petiolatum Hook. 433, 436, 450 Pleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.) Fee 434, 465
reticulatum L. 436, 450 Pneumatopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Holttum 434,
vulgatum L. 437, 450 460
vulgatum var. costatum (R. Br.) Hook. f. 450
vulgatum var. gramineum Hook. f. 450 Polybotrya nana Fee 470
vulgatum var. lusitanicum Hook. f. 449 Polyphlebium venosum (R. Br.) Copel. 459
vulgatum var. minimum Hook. f. 450 Polypodium achrostichoides Forst. f. 473
vulgatum var. pedunculosum (Desv.) Domin adiantiforme Forst. f. 468
450 amplum Col. 461
Omithopteris esculenta (Forst. f.) J. Smith 463 aristatum Forst. f. 465
scaberula (A. Rich.) J. Smith 463 attenuatum auctt. non R. Br. 454
Osmunda barbara (L.) Thunb. 450 auriculatum L. 468
dichotoma (L.) Sprengel 451 australe (R. Br.) Mett. 454
discolor Forst. f. 469 australe var. ciliata (Col.) Kirk 454
hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) J. B. Armstr. 450 australe var. pumilum (J. B. Armstr.)
leptophylla (L.) Savigny 451 Cockayne 454
lunaria L. 449 australe var. rigida (Hombron) Cockayne 455
procera Forst. f. 471 australe var. villosum (Hook, f.) Cheesem. 454
regalis L. 433, 437, 450 bicolor (Kaulf.) Mett. 455
superba (Col.) J. B. Armstr. 450 billardieri (Kaulf.) Fee 454
billardieri R. Br. 455
billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. 454
Paesia scaberula (A. Rich.) Kuhn 434, 463 billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. forma nana (Fran-
chet) Skottsb. 455
Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco et Carv. Vase. 447 billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. magellanicum
polycephala (Col.) Holub 447 (Desv.) C. Chr. 454
Parablechnum procerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 471 billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. pumilum (J. B.
Pellaea falcata (R. Br.) Fee 433, 438, 452 Armstr.) Cheesem. 454
falcata var. nana Hook. 438 billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. rigidum (Hom-
rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Hook. 433, 438, 452 bron) Cockayne 455
rotundifolia var. oblongifolia Hook. 452 billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. villosum (Hook, f.)
Phegopteris cunninghamii Mett. 461 Cheesem. 454
cordifolium L. 444, 468
incisa (Thunb.) Keys. 461 coriaceum Swartz 468
Phlebiophyllum venosum (R. Br.) Bosch 459 crassium Kirk 454
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman 434, 465 cunninghamii Hook. 454
Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze 433, 449 dealbatum Forst. f. 459
Phymatodes billardieri (R. Br.) C. Presl 455 dentatum Forsskal 460
diversifolium (Willd.) Pichi Serm. 455 dichotomum Thunb. 452
novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm. 455 dictyopteris Mett. 454
pustulata auct. non C. Presl 455 dilatatum Hoffm. 466
scandens (Forst. f.) C. Presl 455 diversifolium Willd. 455
viellardii (Mett.) Fourn. 473 eleagnifolium Bory in Duperrey 455
falcatum L. f. 465
Phymatosorus diversifolius (Willd.) Pichi Serm. filipes T. Moore 468
433, 455 filix-femina L. 465
novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm. 433, 455 filix-mas L. 466
scandens (Forst. f.) Pichi Serm. 433, 455 fragile L. 465
Pilularia novae-hollandiae A. Br. 445 gramineum Poiret 454
novae-zelandiae Kirk 435, 445, 472 grammitidis R. Br. 454
Pityrogramma leptophylla (L.) Domin 451 hirsutulum Forst. f. 468
Platyloma falcata (R. Br.) J. Smith 452 invisum Forst. f. 473
rotundifolia (Forst. f.) J. Smith 452 leptophyllum L. 451
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 483

lineare Burm. f. 452 mohrioides (Bory) C. Presl 473

magellanicum (Desv.) J. W. Sturm 454 neo-zelandicum Fee 467
medullare Forst. f. 459 oculatum (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. 467
molle Jacq. 460 pennigerum (Forst. f.) Gaudich. 460
novae-zelandiae Baker 455 perelegans (Col.) C. Chr. 468
nymphale Forst. f. 460 proliferum (R. Br.) C. Presl 435, 443, 467
paradoxum Col. 454 richardii (Hook.) J. Smith 435, 467
patagonicum C. Chr. 454 richardii var. oculatum (Hook.) C. Chr. 467
penna-marina Poiret 470 schkuhrii C. Presl 467
pennigerum Forst. f. 460 setiferum (Forsskal) Woynar 435, 443, 467
pennigerum var. giganteum Col. 461 silvaticum (Col.) Diels in Engl. et Prantl 435,
pennigerum var. hamiltonii Col. 461 467
phymatodes auct. non L. 455 torresianum Gaudich. 460
poeppigianum Mett. 454 venustum Hombron 468
pumilum (J. B. Armstr.) Cockayne 454 vestitum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 435, 443, 468
punctatum auctt. non Thunb. 462 vestitum subsp. sylvaticum (Col.) C. Chr. 467
punctatum var. rugosulum auctt. non Hook, et zerophyllum (Col.) C. Chr. 467
Baker 462 Pseudodiphasium volubile (Forst. f.) Holub 449
pustulatum auctt. non Forst. f. 455
pustulatum Forst. f. 455 Pseudolycopodiella serpentina (Kunze in Lehmann)
rufobarbatum Col. 462 Holub 448
rugosulum auctt. non Labill. 462 Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub 447
rupestre auct. non R. Br. 456 Psilotum heterocarpum Col. 446
rupestre R. Br. var. sinuatum Col. 456 novae-zelandiae Gand. 446
scandens Forst. f. 455 nudum (L.) P. Beauv. 433, 446
scandens Forst. f. var. billardieri (R. Br.) F. triquetrum Swartz 446
Muell. 455
scandens Labill. 455 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. esculentum
serpens Forst. f. 455 (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 463
aquilinum var. esculentum (Forst. f.) Kuhn 463
setosum Forst. f. 467 esculentum (Forst. f.) Cockayne 434, 463
stellatum Vahl 455
subsimilis Col. 461 Pteris affinis A. Rich. 452
sylvaticum Col. 467 alpina Field 461
tenellum Forst. f. 468 aquilina auct. non L. 463
vestitum Forst. f. 468 aquilina L. var. esculenta (Forst. f.) Hook, f.463
v/rafe Gilbert 455 brunoniana Endl. 461
viscidum auctt. non Roxb. in Beatson 462 comans Forst. f. 433, 452
viscidum Col. 462 confluens Thunb. 461
vulgare L. 434, 455 cretica L. 433, 452
vulgare var. auritum Gilbert 455 esculenta Forst. f. 463
falcata R. Br. 452
Polystichopsis aristata (Forst. f.) Holttum 465 incisa Thunb. 461
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. perelegans interrupta Willd. 460
(Col.) Domin 468 lomarioides Col. 452
aculeatum var. silvaticum (Col.) Domin 468 longifolia L. 473
aculeatum var. vestitum (Forst. f.) Domin 468 macilenta A. Rich. 433, 438, 452
aculeatum var. zerophyllum (Col.) Domin 467 macilenta var. pendula (Col.) Cheesem. 452
adiantiforme (Forst. f.) J. Smith 468 macilenta var. saxatilis Carse 452
aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 465 microphylla A. Cunn. 463
aristatum Hook. f. 467 montana Col. 461
capense (Willd.) J. Smith 468 novae-zelandiae Field 452
coriaceum (Swartz) Schott 468 pendula Col. 452
cystostegia (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. 435, 467 rotundifolia Forst. f. 452
hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Bernh. 468 saxatilis Carse 433, 438, 452
hispidum (Swartz) J. Smith 467 scaberula A. Rich. 463
lentum (D. Don) T. Moore 435, 443, 467 seticaulis Hook. 452
lobatum (Hudson) C. Presl var. aristatum tenuis A. Cunn. 452
(Hook, f.) C. Chr. 467 tremula R. Br. 433, 452
484 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

tremula var. tenuis (A. Cunn.) Domin 452 filiformis (A. Cunn.) Kuntze 469
vespertilionis Labill. 461 Jluviatilis (R. Br.) Kuntze 470
Pyrrosia acrostichoides (Forst. f.) Ching 473 fraseri (A. Cunn.) Kuntze 470
bicolor (Kaulf.) Ching 456 lanceolata (R. Br.) Kuntze 469
confluens (R. Br.) Ching 472 membranacea (Col. ex Hook.) Kuntze 470
serpens (Forst. f.) Ching 434, 455 nigra (Col.) Kuntze 470
Reediella endlicheriana (C. Presl) Pichi Serm. 458 pumila (Raoul) Kuntze 470
vulcanica (Blume) Kuntze 471
Ripidium dichotomum (L.) Bernh. 451
Stachygynandrum myrtifolium (Forst. f.) P.
Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Ching 435, 443, Beauv. 448
468 scariosum (Forst. f.) P. Beauv. 448
aristata (Forst. f.) Ching 443, 465 Stegania alpina R. Br. 470
hispida (Swartz) Copel. 467 discolor (Forst. f.) A. Rich. 469
Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 445 Jluviatilis R. Br. 470
hertzogii Sota 445 lanceolata R. Br. 469
molesta D. Mitch. 435, 445, 472 minor R. Br. 470
natans (L.) All. 445 procera (Forst. f.) R. Br. 471
procera var. stipulosa A. Rich. 471
Sceptridium australe (R. Br.) H. Lyon 449
biforme (Col.) H. Lyon 449 Stenochlaena heteromorpha J. Smith 469
Schizaea asperula Wakef. 450 Mgelii (C. Presl) Fee ex L. Underw. 469
australis Gaudich. 433, 437, 450 Stenoloma viride (Col.) C. Chr. 462
bifida Willd. 433, 437, 450 Sticherus ciliatus (Col.) Nakai 453
dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith 433, 437, 450 cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) Ching 433,
dichotoma var. forsteri (Sprengel) Domin 451 453
fistulosa Labill. 433, 437, 451 flabellatus (R. Br.) H. St. John 433, 453
fistulosa var. australis (Gaudich.) Hook. f. 437, Struthiopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Ching 469
450 distans (Col.) Ching 471
fistulosa var. propinqua (A. Cunn.) Bonap. 451 dura (T. Moore) Ching 469
palmata Hombron 450 filiformis (A. Cunn.) Ching 469
propinqua A. Cunn. 451 fraseri (A. Cunn.) Ching . 470
Schizoloma trichomanoides (Dryander) Kuhn 462 intermedia (Col.) Ching 470
Selaginella denticulata auct. non Link 449 lanceolata (R. Br.) Ching 469
kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun 433, 436, 449 membranacea (Col. ex Hook.) Ching 470
moellendorjfii Hieron. in Engl. et Prantl 433, nigra (Col.) Ching 470
436, 449 penna-marina (Poiret) Maxon et C. Morton 470
Selenodesmium elongatum (A. Cunn.) Copel. 458 Tarachia adiantoides (L.) Nakai ex Tuy. 464
Sphaerocionium australe (Willd.) C. Presl 456 lucida (Forst. f.) Momose 464
bivalve (Forst. f.) C. Presl 456 polyodon (Forst. f.) C. Presl 464
demissum (Forst. f) C. Presi 456 Tectaria coriacea (Swartz) Link 468
dilatatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 456
ferrugineum (Colla) Copel. 457 Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. Morton 434,
frankliniae (Col.) Iwatsuki 457 441, 461
glanduliferum C. Presl 458 dentata (Forsskal) E. St. John 460
lyallii (Hook, f.) Copel. 457 gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small 460
malingii (Hook.) Iwatsuki 457 interrupta Iwatsuki 460
sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 458 nymphalis (Forst. f.) C. Reed 460
scabrum (A. Rich.) C. Presl 458 palustris Schott var. squamigera (Schldl.) Weath.
in I. M. Johnston 461
Sphaeropteris lunulata (Forst. f.) Tryon 472 pennigera (Forst. f.) Allan 460
medullaris (Forst. f.) Bernh. 459 squamigera (Schldl.) Ching 461
Sphaerostephanos invisus (Forst. f.) Holttum 473 torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston 460
Sphenomeris angustifolia (Bernh.) Brownlie 472 uliginosa (Kunze) Ching 460
viridis (Col.) Brownlie 462 Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard 433, 435,
Spicanta banksii (Hook, f.) Kuntze 469 446
discolor (Forst. f.) Kuntze 469 elongata subsp. robusta Chinnock 446
dura (T. Moore) Kuntze 469 forsteri auctt. non Endl. 447
Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 485

fowerakeri H. Barber 447 helmii Nessel 448

lanceolata P. A. Dangeard 433, 447 myrtifolius (Forst. f.) Herter 448
lanceolata M. Sykes 446 polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Herter 448
sigmatifolia Chinnock 433, 447 varius (R. Br.) Herter ex Nessel 448
tannensis auct. non Bernh. 447 varius var. polaris Herter ex Nessel 448
tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh. 433, 447 Vandenboschia colensoi (Hook. f. ex Hook.)
tannensis var. elongata (P. A. Dangeard) Copel. 458
Domin 446 Woodsia laetevirens Prentice ex Bailey 465
tannensis var. elongata Sahni 447
tannensis var. lanceolata (P. A. Dangeard) Woodwardia aspera (R. Br.) Fee 471
Domin 447 Xiphopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Sprengel 454
tannensis var. truncata (R. Br.) Domin 473
truncata (R. Br.) Desv. 473 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
tugana H. Barber 446 We are particularly grateful to Mr M. Daellenbach who
Todea africana Willd. ex Bernh. 450 spent many hours as an assistant at Botany Division,
DSIR, painstakingly locating and checking the publica-
barbara (L.) T. Moore 433, 450 tion dates and bibliographic references of the several
hymenophylloides A. Rich. 450 hundred names of pteridophytes listed here. The inclu-
intermedia Andre 450 sion of some of the names is entirely due to his diligence.
marginata Col. 450 We are also grateful to the following people for their com-
pellucida Carmich. ex Grev. et Hook. 450 ments on the manuscript or for information relevant to
rivularis Sieber ex Kunze 450 particular taxa: Dr J. E. Braggins, Professor T. C. Cham-
bers, Dr R. J. Chinnock, Mr A. P. Druce, Dr E. Hennip-
superba Col. 450 man, Mr A. C. Jermy, Mr D. L. Jones, Dr B. W. McAlpin,
Trichomanes adiantoides L. 464 Dr B. S. Parris, Dr M. G. Price, Dr W. A. Sledge, and
alternans Carruth. in Seemann 458 Mr W. R. Sykes.
armstrongii Baker ex Hook, et Baker 456
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