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Frank Lu
*1.0 PREFACE*
The maximum lump size of the feed shall be maintained according to the
outside diameter of the grinding rollers, the gripping angle of the
material ground and the thickness of the grinding bed.
The segregation of the fed material during the dosing process should be
absolutely minimized for keeping the even feed lump size distribution for
maximizing the *mill* throughput and minimizing abnormal *mill*
vibration.
In case of too low or interrupted feed mass flow, the grinding rollers
shall be lifted if necessary.
*2.2 Fineness of Finish Product*
The fineness of the finish product, representing not only the specific
surface area but also the required particle size distribution, is mainly
decided by:
* Grinding *pressure*
* Gas flow
* Classifier speed
In general the finer product with the higher specific surface area
(mm2/g) is obtained by:
In the meanwhile, the circulating load within the *mill* influences the
particle size distribution. Increasing circulating load within the
*mill* by adjusting the following parameters generates the narrower
particle size distribution:
There is no need for installing an extra hot gas source while the
moisture content of the feed material is below around 1% because the
heat generated during grinding shall dry the material to an accepted
level. If the moisture of the material exceeds a certain value, then the
*mill* inlet temperature should be adjusted by the other heat input from
a hot gas generator or other heat source according to the moisture
content of the feed material.
The power consumption of the grinding system is the key issue of the
production cost of the grinding plant. The main contribution of the
power consumption consisting of:
* *Mill*
* Classifier
* System fan
* Auxiliary equipment such as feeding and conveying system.
Unless special design is made, the temperature should not exceed 300Γäâ
for protecting main gearbox and grinding rollers from overheating.
Otherwise a special construction shall be made by a heat resistance
design for the *mill*.
The gas flow can be measured behind the bag filter and controlled at
constant value by adjusting the opening of the gas damper and/or the
rotating speed of the system fan during commissioning.
The gas flow should be always kept constant and independent of the
fluctuations in *pressure* and temperature of the system. The gas flow
through the grinding system is a combination of:
* Fresh air
* Hot gas
* False air
* Evaporated water
* Recycling gas
Inadequate gas flow through the *mill* causes a decrease of the *mill*
capacity and operating disturbances. However excessive gas flow causes
higher wear within the *mill* resulting uneconomical maintenance work
and power consumption.
Usually only the *mill* feed mass flow rate has a decisive influence on
the *differential* *pressure* while gas flow rate, grinding *pressure*
and classifier speed are maintained at the similar condition according
to the pre-adjustments during previous operation unless the
characteristics of the raw material such as the grindability of the
material has been changed.
However too high *pressure* causes higher abnormal wear on the grinding
elements, rough *mill* operation and higher power consumption.
However too low grinding *pressure* reduces the *mill* capacity and
changes in the fineness of the product resulting an uneconomical
operation.
Too high negative *pressure* before the *mill* increases the energy
consumption of the *mill* system fan.
However too low negative inlet *pressure* influences the steady gas flow
within the system and leads the grinding system into disturbances.
The *mill* vibration level, usually measured at the input shaft of the
gearbox, is applied for protecting the key mechanical components from
damage. The optimum condition of the *mill* shall be achieved by
obtaining the maximum *mill* throughput in accordance with the qualified
product standard but in an acceptable vertical *mill* vibration level.
The *mill* motor should be stopped while the *mill* occurs excessive
vibration for securing the long-term safety of the equipment.
The grinding bed thickness, defined as the minimum gap between the
grinding rollers and the grinding table during the operation, is
adjustable by the height of the dam ring the grinding *pressure* and
*mill* circulation load during commissioning.
* For cooling process, the fresh air damper or the amount of the
water and grinding aid solution controls *mill* outlet gas
temperature.
* For heating process, the burner of the hot gas generator or the
amount of steam vapor controls *mill* outlet gas temperature.
* The rotating speed or the gas damper of the system fan controls
gas flow rate through the *mill*.
* The recycling gas damper controls *mill* inlet *pressure*.
* The *mill* *differential* *pressure* or the kilowatts of the
*mill* motor controls feed mass flow rate.