Another View on the Design

of the Frankish Language

Joannes Richter

Abstract
The most efficient tool to optimize language and communication channels is a concept for the
encoding architecture, which in the Latin and Greek alphabets is built by an ingenious
categorization. The alphabetic letters are grouped in 5 categories, which seemed to have been used
for the word compositions. For faster interpretations I colored the names of these 5 categories in
suitable colors: lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental.
The Frankish royalty started a series of special names from Chlodio1 (CLODIUS, d. approx. 450
AD) or Clovis () onward, whose name may be interpreted as (Ch)LOUIS. Several names including
Charlemagne (KAROLVS) and LOUIS in their offspring are using these 5 categories.
The 7th-century Chronicle of Fredegar implies that the Merovingians were descended from a sea-
beast called a quinotaur, a "bull with five horns", which could be used to describe the 5 categories.
In southern France the Provencal language the words for “to say” (dire), “to be” (estre), “to laugh”
(rire) and “to see” (veire) reveal an ego-pronoun IÉU in the first person singular conjugation: “I
say” DIÉU, “I am” SIÉU , “I laugh” RIÉU and “I see” VIÉU. These vowels represent the 3
categories for vowels (palatal, guttural, labial).
A respectable number of the perfect pentagrams (such as BRENG , PRACHT and PRONG) does
not have an etymology of a known origin.
For a given alphabet with categorized letters and 5 categories the total number of possible Perfect
Pentragrams may be listed. For an alphabet with 5 x 5 letters the output contains 55 = 3125words.
24 pentagrams start with a lingual (D, T or L) and 13 with a labial letter (F, B, P, W). Only 3
pentagrams (versions of → JUDAS) start with a palatal letter (J, I, Y).

1 Chlodio (d. approx. 450) also Clodio, Clodius, Clodion, Cloio or Chlogio, was a Frankish king who attacked, and
apparently then held, Roman-inhabited lands and cities in the Silva Carbonaria forest, now in central Belgium, then
Cambrai and Tournai, and reached as far south as the River Somme. (Source: (Wikipedia: Chlodio)
An Overview (as an Introduction)
No, I am not a linguist and the languages I really mastered and completely understood
belonged to the computer software languages. Another view to linguistics may be enabled
by studying encoding systems.
The most efficient tool to optimize language and communication channels is a concept for the
encoding architecture, which in the Latin and Greek alphabets is built by an ingenious
categorization. The alphabetic letters are grouped in 5 categories, which seemed to have been used
for the word compositions. For faster interpretations I colored the names of these 5 categories in
suitable colors: lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental. As a reference I did choose for a Hebrew
alphabet for which a rabbi documented a categorization of the letters:

lingual: D4 T9 L12 N14 T22

palatal: G3 I10 Ch11 K19
guttural: Æ1 Ε5 H8 Gh16
labial: B2 V6 M13 Ph17
dental: Z7 S15 Ts18 R20 S21
Table 1 Hebrew alphabet with 5 categories
Source: Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology - Wikipedia

If we rotate the list 90° to the left we may read the name T9-I10-Ε5-V6-S15 we may identify IΕV or
IΕU as the Great Name and the name TIΕUS, which is close to DIAUS.
The image may be symbolizing a 5 letter "bull with two horns" T22 and S21. Only this matrix pattern
of 22 letters will be able to display IΕV in the center of the alphabet. Just like an Egyptian
hieroglyphic inscription the Great Name IΕV seems to be included inside a “Cartouche” of the
surrounding 12 letters L-Ch-H-M-Ts-S-Z-B-Æ-G-D-T.

T22 S21
N14 K19 Gh16 Ph17 R20
L12 Ch11 H8 M13 Ts18
TIΕUS → T9 S15
I10 Ε5 V6
D4 G3 Æ1 B2 Z7
Table 2 Hebrew alphabet with 5 categories
Source: Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology - Wikipedia

The Frankish royalty started a series of special names from Chlodio2 (CLODIUS, d. approx. 450
AD) or Clovis onward, whose name may be interpreted as (Ch)LOUIS. Several names including
Charlemagne (KAROLVS) in their offspring are using these 5 categories.

2 Chlodio (d. approx. 450) also Clodio, Clodius, Clodion, Cloio or Chlogio, was a Frankish king who attacked, and
apparently then held, Roman-inhabited lands and cities in the Silva Carbonaria forest, now in central Belgium, then
Cambrai and Tournai, and reached as far south as the River Somme. (Source Chlodio)
Some of the divine names and royal names are also structured as perfect pentagrams, which are
composed by using one letter of each category.
The origins of the Frankish language, which sometimes is located in the Flemish region, where I
grew up. The Franks were identified to have crossed the frozen river Rhine and conquered the
abandoned remains in the northern part of the Roman Empire. Initially the royals named themselves
Merovingians.

The 7th-century Chronicle of Fredegar

The names FREDEGAR, QUINOTAUR(US) and POSEIDON are compositions for all 5 categories.
The 7th-century Chronicle of Fredegar implies that the Merovingians were descended
from a sea-beast called a quinotaur, a "bull with five horns", which could be used to
describe the 5 categories.

The Quinotaur (Lat. QUINOTAURUS) is a mythical sea creature mentioned in the 7th
century Frankish Chronicle of Fredegar. Referred to as "bestea Neptuni Quinotauri
similis",[1] (the beast of Neptune which resembles a Quinotaur) it was held to have
fathered Meroveus by attacking the wife of the Frankish king Chlodio and thus to have
sired the line of Merovingian kings.

As a set of 3 vowels (?) the Great Name IΕV at the center of the Hebrew alphabet may be identified
as Neptune's trident. The other pair of horns represented the consonants lingual T and dental S in
the name TIΕUS.
The name translates from Latin as "bull with five horns", whose attributes have
commonly been interpreted as the incorporated symbols of the sea god Neptune with his
trident, and the horns of a mythical bull or Minotaur. It is not known whether the legend
merged both elements by itself or whether this merger should be attributed to the
Christian author.[2] The clerical Latinity of the name does not indicate whether it is a
translation of some genuine Frankish creature or a coining.

Strange as it may seem MINOS belongs to the perfect pentagrams:

The suggested rape and subsequent family relation of this monster attributed to Frankish
mythology correspond to both the Indo-European etymology of Neptune (from PIE
'*NΕPOTS', "grandson" or "nephew", compare also the Indo-Aryan 'Apam Napat',
"grandson/nephew of the water")[3] and to bull-related fertility myths in Greek
mythology, where for example the princess Europa was abducted by the god Z(I)ΕUS,
in the form of a white bull, that swam her to Crete; or to the very myth of the Minotaur,
which was the product of Pasiphaë's, a Cretan Queen's, intercourse with a white bull,
initially allotted to King Minos (MINOS), PASIPhAË's husband, as a sacrifice for
POSEIDON. 3

Therefore the perfect pentagram MINOS may involve the CRETAN royals in the search of the
nephew who might have fertilized the Frankish queen.

3 Source: quinotaur
Childeric's grave
Childeric's tomb was discovered in 1653 [11] not far from the 12th-century church of Saint-Brice in
Tournai, now in Belgium.[12]
Numerous precious objects were found, including jewels of gold and garnet cloisonné,
gold coins, a gold bull's head, and a ring with the king's name inscribed. Some 300
golden winged insects (usually viewed as bees or cicadas) were also found which had
been placed on the king's cloak.[11] Archduke Leopold WILLIAM, governor of the
Southern Netherlands (today's Belgium), had the find published in Latin. The treasure
went first to the Habsburgs in Vienna, then as a gift to King LOUIS XIV of France.

On the night of November 5–6, 1831, the treasure of Childeric was among 80 kg of
treasure stolen from the Library and melted down for the gold4

Strange as it may seem the royal symbols of Childeric's grave combined two APIS-symbols which
had been found in the documentation of the burial gifts:5
• the tiny bees (Latin singular: APIS6 ; plural: APIDAE; French: apidés, ABEILLE)
• and the impressive APIS-bulls.

Fig. 1: the royal symbols found in Childeric's grave

4 Tomb Childeric I - Wikipedia

5 Anastasis Childerici I, Francorum regis, siue, Thesaurus sepulchralis (Jean-Jacques Chifflet Ex officina Plantiniana
Balthasaris Moreti, 1655)
6 The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee".[1]
The worship of Apis
APIS or HAPIS was the most popular of three great bull cults of ancient Egypt, the
others being the cults of Mnevis and Buchis. All are related to the worship of HATHOR
or Bat, similar primary goddesses separated by region until unification that eventually
merged as Hathor. The worship of Apis was continued by the Greeks and after them by
the Romans, and lasted until almost 400 CE.

The bull is depicted with two horns. Apis was the most popular of three great bull cults
of ancient Egypt, the others being the cults of Mnevis and Buchis. All are related to the
worship of Hathor or Bat, similar primary goddesses separated by region until
unification that eventually merged as Hathor. The worship of Apis was continued by the
Greeks and after them by the Romans, and lasted until almost 400 CE.7

The bull seems to have three holes to guide the couple of tapes from the top of the head to the
couple of nose holes. The tapes seem to be split up from the top side to the nose holes.

Fig. 2 Childeric's APIS-bull

I hesitate to combine the APIS-bees and Childeric's APIS-bulls because we cannot be sure why
Childeric (ChILDΕRIC or ChILDΕRICUS) chose these symbols of the bees with a stinger and the
bulls with the splitting channel inside the bull's head.

7 Source: Herald of Ptah [Apis_(deity)]

The symbolism of the bees
The bees seem to be sketched with two wings (like horns) and one stinger8. In fact the honey bees
form a social population and cannot survive without a beehive.

I hesitate to consider the stinger as a weapon, but the royals must have activated any available tool
to gain the ruling power.

Therefore I documented these ideas to find other arguments to confirm these suggestions or to
replace the idea by an antithesis.

Fig. 3: Childeric's bee

Apex (the highest crown)

The apis may be related to the apex:
A cap of conical form worn by the flamens (see Flamen), having a spike of olivewood at
the top, which the word apex, in fact, originally denoted. Without it the flamens were
not allowed to go into the open air (Gell. x. 15).

The Salii likewise wore the apex. The accompanying illustration shows one of the Salii
wearing the apex and with a rod in his hand. (See Salii.) The albogalerus, or albus
galerus, was a white cap worn by the flamen dialis, made of the skin of a white victim
sacrificed to Iupiter, and having the apex fastened to it by an olive twig. 9

8 The painful stings of bees are mostly associated with the poison gland
9 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Peck, Harry Thurston (1898). "Apex". In
Peck, Harry Thurston (ed.). Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Clovis' mother Basina
In 463, BASINA married Childeric I, son of Merovech and his wife, and had the following children:
1. Clovis I (spelled CLOVIS, ChLODOWIG, or ChLODOVΕCh) (466 – 511).
2. Audofleda (AUDOFLΕDA) (467 – 511). Queen of the Ostrogoths. Wife of Theodoric the
Great
3. Lantechildis (LANTEChILDIS) (468 – ¿¿??).
4. Albofledis (ALBOFLΕDIS) (470 – ¿¿??).

Clovis' wife Clotilde

Clovis (CLOVIS) is also significant due to his conversion to Catholicism in 496, largely at the
behest of his wife, Clotilde (CLOTILDE).
The IÉU-concept of the Provencal language
In southern France the Provencal language the words for “to say” (dire), “to be” (estre), “to laugh”
(rire) and “to see” (veire) reveal an ego-pronoun IÉU in the first person singular conjugation: “I
say” DIÉU, “I am” SIÉU, “I laugh” RIÉU and “I see” VIÉU. These vowels represent the 3
categories for vowels (palatal, guttural, labial).
A respectable number of the perfect pentagrams (such as BRENG , PRACHT and PRONG) does
not have an etymology of a known origin.
For a given alphabet with categorized letters and 5 categories the total number of possible Perfect
Pentragrams may be listed. For an alphabet with 5 x 5 letters the output contains 55 = 3125words.
24 pentagrams start with a lingual (D, T or L) and 13 with a labial letter (F, B, P, W). Only 3
pentagrams (versions of → JUDAS) start with a palatal letter (J, I, Y).

The first episcopal site Chur at the northern side of the Alps
Chur (CURIA10) is known as the oldest town of the Switzerland. In the 4th century, Chur became
the seat of the first Christian bishopric north of the Alps. Despite a legend assigning its foundation
to an alleged Briton king, St. Lucius, the first known bishop is one Asinio[6] in 451 AD. After the
invasion of the Ostrogoths, it was rechristened Theodoricopolis; in the 6th century it was conquered
by the Franks.[7]
The central monastery is installed 450 AD and may have advised Chlodio (CLODIUS, d. approx.
450 AD) or his parents to compose the royal names according to a formula with 5 categories. Also
the bishop might have suggested to prescribe the 3-vowel composition of the personal pronouns
(JÉU, JOU, JAU, IHU).

10 The name "chur" derives perhaps from the Celtic kora or koria, meaning "tribe", or from the Latin CURIA.
The inscriptions of the Tuihanti (Tuchenti)

The following inscriptions are found in Cuneus Frisiorum Vercovicianorum (the name of units of
Frisian auxiliaries in the Roman army):
Two memorial stones in Housesteads, Hexham, England mention the name. They were
engraved by Frisian soldiers from Twente (TUIHANTI) in the 3rd century between 222
and 235, and are dedicated to Mars Thingsus.[1] They were discovered in 1883.[1] One
is from a pillar shaped altar and the other from a smaller altar; they are engraved in
pretty badly written Latin:

DEO MARTI ET DVABVS ALAISIAGIS ET N AVG GER CIVES

TVIHANTI CVNEI FRISIORVM VER SER ALEXANDRIANI VOTVM
SOLVERVNT LIBENTES M

"To the god MARS and the two Alaisiagae, and to the divine power of the
Emperor, the Germanic tribesmen of TUIHANTIS of the formation of Frisians
of Vercovicium, Severus Alexanders's own, willingly and deservedly fulfilled
their vow."

and:

DEO MARTI THINCSO DVABVS ET ALAISAGIS BEDE ET FIMMILENE

ET N AVG GERM CIVES TVIHANTI VSLM

"To the god MARS THINCSUS and the two Alaisiagae, Beda and Fimmilena,
and the divine power of the Emperor, Germanic tribesmen from TUIHANTIS
willingly and deservedly fulfilled their vow."[2]

MARS THINCSUS is correlated with the Germanic war-god Týr. The latter was associated with
oath-taking and the Thing, a local assembly of free men.
The origin of the Merovingians
A link to the origin of the Merovingians had been introduced by the parents of Chlodio, whose
legendary biography is said to be described in Historia Francorum by bishop and historian Gregory
of Tours, completed in 594.11
The non-contemporary Liber Historiae Francorum says his father was Pharamond, a
Frankish King only known from such medieval records. Pharamond in turn was said to
be the son of a real Frankish king, known to have fought the Romans, Marcomer.

The Chronicle of Fredegar, on the other hand, makes Chlodio son of Theudemeres,
another real Frankish king who Gregory of Tours reported to have been executed with
his mother by the Romans.

The 7th-century Chronicle of Fredegar implies that the Merovingians were descended from a sea-
beast called a quinotaur:
It is said that while Chlodio was staying at the seaside with his wife one summer, his
wife went into the sea at midday to bathe, and a beast of Neptune rather like a Quinotaur
found her. In the event she was made pregnant, either by the beast or by her husband,
and she gave birth to a son called Merovech, from whom the kings of the Franks have
subsequently been called Merovingians.[3] 12

The name Quinotaur translates from Latin as "bull with five horns", whose attributes have
commonly been interpreted as the incorporated symbols of the sea god Neptune with his trident, and
the horns of a mythical bull or Minotaur. 13
The 5 horns however also may be symbolizing the 5 categories of the alphabet, which already had
been used to compose the royal names of the Merovingians and Franks from 5 categories14.

The royal names with the 5 letters lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental
A great number of French kings inherited the names CLODIUS and CLOVIS, which was to be
shortened to LOVIS and transformed to French LOUIS (LOUIS) en Engels LEWIS and the Dutch
ChLODOVΕCh - LODEWIJK respectively the German LUDWIG)15.
The requirements of 5 categories are applied for including Charlemagne ( KAROLVS), LOUIS and
LEWIS, as well as newer names FRΕDΕRICK, (Dutch: FRΕDΕRIK, German: FRIΕDRICh) and
MAURICE (Dutch: MAURITS), which in the Frankish pedigree have been composed in medieval
eras.
The relevant dynasties from the predecessors of Clovis up to the last German emperor are listed in
Appendix 3 – Overview of the Frankish and Merovingian dynasties16.
The next step was the analysis of the language, for which I had documented the Provencal in earlier
papers17.

11 A Possible Explanation for the Legend of the Quinotaur.

12 Origins
13 Quinotaur
14 The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia
15 Source: (Wikipedia) Clovis
16 The list is documented in The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia (8.12.220)
17 “The Symbolism of Long Vowels (2017, Scribd)” and The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (2017)
The 5 towers of the Tournai Cathedral
TOURNAI (/tʊərˈneɪ/ toor-NAY, French: [tuʁnɛ]; Picard: Tornai; Walloon: Tornè [tɔʀnɛ]; Latin:
Tornacum), known in Dutch as DOORNIK and historically as Dornick in English, is a Walloon
municipality of Belgium, 85 kilometres (53 miles) southwest of Brussels on the river Scheldt.
Tournai is one of the oldest cities in Belgium and has played an important role in the country's
cultural history. It was the first capital of the Frankish Empire, with Clovis I being born here. 18
The mixed Romanesque- and Gothic-style cathedral of Notre Dame de Tournai 19 is equipped with 5
towers. The dimensions of the transept adorned with five towers, is surely the most emblematic
characteristic of the Tournai Cathedral.
Didn't the architects had an order to build a symbolic “quinotaur”, a "bull with five horns", as a
symbol for the ancestors of Clovis? The legend of the quinotaur belonged to the Frankish historical
records. Or did the architects had to symbolize the 5 categories as well?

Derivations from Clovis

In Middle Dutch, a Franconian language closely related to Frankish, the name ChLOVIS (and the
perfect pentagram “LOUIS”) was rendered as “LODEWIJCH“ (cf. modern Dutch Lodewijk and
“LOWIK”).[7][8] The name is found in other West Germanic languages, with cognates including
Old English Hloðwig, Old Saxon Hluduco, and Old High German Hludwīg (variant Hluotwīg).[5]
The latter turned into Ludwig in Modern German, although the king Clovis himself is generally
named Chlodwig.[8] The Old Norse form Hlǫðvér was most likely borrowed from a West Germanic
language.[5]
In English the French word OUI is translated as “yes”. Of course the word OUI also may be
identified as the core vowel OUI (respectively OVI) inside LOUIS and ChLOVIS.

18 Tournai
19 Tournai_Cathedral
The IÉU-conjugations in Provencal
In Provencal the conjugation of verbs resulted in a IÉU-suffix for the conditional conjugation and
for a majority of the imperfect conjugations. Even a few of the present conjugations seemed to be
conjugated with a IÉU-suffix.
In Provencal these IÉU-conjugations represented the core of the palatal, guttural, labial vowels. In
fact Provencal language seemed to be using a set of very simple rules:
Provencal expression English Roots for the IÉU-conjugations
(in the word-generator)

pronoun IÉU “I”

Deity DIÉU God
verb DIÉU I say >DIEUS<
verb SIÉU I am
verb VIÉU I see

verb RIÉU I laugh >DIEUR<

Table 3 IÉU-words in Provencal language
These are the simplest rules (one consonant and the personal pronoun of the first person singular
“IÉU”) to define the core of a new language.
As a remarkable feature these words are using a letter “e” with an accent aigu, which enforces the
speakers to pronounce this 3-vowel structure as triphthong with long, isolated vowels “ii-ee-uu”, ”ï-
ē-ū” or “î-ê-û”.
This is the same triphthong as YAU in the PIE-sky-god DYAUS.
Maybe the Frankish language had composed a new linguistic concept, which partly, to certain
extents, had been conserved in the Provencal language.
The IÉU-patterns in the Provencal conjugation
Studying Mirèio - a poem in Provencal language by French writer Frédéric Mistral – I found a
mysterious mechanism in handling the short and long vowels in the ancient spelling Provencal
language.
I also discovered remarkable pattern in the conjugation of the first person singular for most of the
verbs.
In Provencal the conjugation of verbs resulted in a IÉU-suffix for the conditional conjugation and
for a majority of the imperfect conjugations. Even a few of the present conjugations seemed to be
conjugated with a IÉU-suffix.
A few samples of these words may illustrate the mechanism:
English Français Verbe Marsiho Present Imparfait Conditionnel
to go Aller Ana vau anàvi anariéu
to have Avoir Ave ai aviéu auriéu
to say Dire Dire diéu disiéu diriéu
to be Etre Estre siéu èri sariéu
to make Faire Faire fau fasiéu fariéu
to laugh Rire Rire riéu risiéu ririéu
to see Voir Veire viéu vesiéu veiriéu
4: First Person Singular Conjugations for Some Provencal Verbs

The words to say (dire), to be (estre), to laugh (rire) and to see (veire) reveal an ego-pronoun in the
first person singular conjugation: DIÉU, SIÉU, RIÉU and VIÉU. Maybe this list may be extended
by an original concept with AIÉU or AVIÉU (“I have”) and FIÉU or FIAU.
The remarkable effect is the intact 3-vowel structure for the ego-pronoun IÉU, which in modern
languages has been deteriorated, in French to “je” or in English even to a singular vowel “i”.
The Provencal language seemed to have preserved its original linguistic concept for some
categories of words.
A remarkable word “diéu” also matches the Provencal word “Diéu” (“God”), which also includes
the 3-vowel ego-pronoun “IÉU”.
As a remarkable feature these words are using a letter “e” with an accent aigu, which enforces the
speakers to pronounce this 3-vowel structure as triphthong with long, isolated vowels “ii-ee-uu”, ”ï-
ē-ū” or “î-ê-û”.
The triphthong (representing "with three sounds," or "with three tones") is a
monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the
articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. 20

20 See Wikipedia's entry triphthong

Composing the Perfect Pentragrams
Perfect pentagrams (such as FRANK en DIAUS) contain five singular letters of the standard 5
letter-categories lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental, which essentially refer to the 5 locations in
the human voice channel.
For a given alphabet with categorized letters and 5 categories the number of possible Perfect
Pentragrams may be listed. For an alphabet with 5 x 5 letters the output contains 55 = 3.125words.
The name FRANK (also Franck Franco Frang ..) is not only known as a given name, a common
surname and a gentile name or demonym, but in Dutch also is an adjective word “frank” or “vrank”,
which may be translated as a “free person”.
As a tribe FRANKs belonged to the Germanic tribes, which from the first centuries AD occupied
the remains of the abandoned Roman “Provence”. From CLOVIS (ChLODOVΕCh) onward the
FRANKish armies reigned the Frankish and later the French empires21.
CLOVIS are not really perfect pentagrams, because their letter “C” is an extra palatal letter to the
name LOVIS or LOUIS, which is identified as a perfect pentagram. This letter “C” may have been
an superfluous, acoustic extension without a symbolic meaning.
In order to study the possible set of perfect pentagrams I decided to write a word-generator, which
would setup a table with all (3125) possible letter combinations for the generations of the perfect
pentagrams. Without the help of this table it turned out to be rather clumsy to generate the suitable
names. Even for a simple 5x5-sized alphabet the number of possible combinations of letters is quite
impressive.
The most spectacular 2-vowel perfect pentagram may be “LIBER“ (“free”), which shares the same
meaning (“freedom”) with the Frankish “FRANK”22. In Germanic languages the 2-vowel words
refer to a mixture of the Germanic deities TIVAR, TIWAZ, TIWAS, TIVAS. In Latin the river
TIBER (Tiber) also refers to a king (Tiberinus), an emperor (Tiberius) and a praenomen Tiberius.
The following table lists the perfect Pentragrams (such as DIAUS and TIVAS) with 3 vowels,
which mostly seem to have been reserved for divine names and royal names. Also the keywords
DIEUS (for DIÉU, SIÉU, VIÉU) and DIÉUR (for RIÉU) are labeled in this list:
>DIAUZ< >3<13131 >LIAUZ< >3<23131 >NIAUZ< >3<33131 >TIAUZ< >3<43131 >tIAUZ< >3<53131
>DIAUR< >3<13132 >LIAUR< >3<23132 >NIAUR< >3<33132 >TIAUR< >3<43132 >tIAUR< >3<53132
>DIAUS< >3<13133 >LIAUS< >3<23133 >NIAUS< >3<33133 >TIAUS< >3<43133 >tIAUS< >3<53133
>DIAUT< >3<13134 >LIAUT< >3<23134 >NIAUT< >3<33134 >TIAUT< >3<43134 >tIAUT< >3<53134
>DIAUs< >3<13135 >LIAUs< >3<23135 >NIAUs< >3<33135 >TIAUs< >3<43135 >tIAUs< >3<53135
>DIEUZ< >3<13231 >LIEUZ< >3<23231 >NIEUZ< >3<33231 >TIEUZ< >3<43231 >tIEUZ< >3<53231
>DIÉUR< >3<13232 >LIEUR< >3<23232 >NIEUR< >3<33232 >TIEUR< >3<43232 >tIEUR< >3<53232
>DIEUS< >3<13233 >LIEUS< >3<23233 >NIEUS< >3<33233 >TIEUS< >3<43233 >tIEUS< >3<53233
>DIEUT< >3<13234 >LIEUT< >3<23234 >NIEUT< >3<33234 >TIEUT< >3<43234 >tIEUT< >3<53234
>DIEUs< >3<13235 >LIEUs< >3<23235 >NIEUs< >3<33235 >TIEUs< >3<43235 >tIEUs< >3<53235

>DIaUZ< >3<13431 >LIaUZ< >3<23431 >NIaUZ< >3<33431 >TIaUZ< >3<43431 >tIaUZ< >3<53431
>DIaUR< >3<13432 >LIaUR< >3<23432 >NIaUR< >3<33432 >TIaUR< >3<43432 >tIaUR< >3<53432
>DIaUS< >3<13433 >LIaUS< >3<23433 >NIaUS< >3<33433 >TIaUS< >3<43433 >tIaUS< >3<53433
>DIaUT< >3<13434 >LIaUT< >3<23434 >NIaUT< >3<33434 >TIaUT< >3<43434 >tIaUT< >3<53434
>DIaUs< >3<13435 >LIaUs< >3<23435 >NIaUs< >3<33435 >TIaUs< >3<43435 >tIaUs< >3<53435
>DIgUZ< >3<13531 >LIgUZ< >3<23531 >NIgUZ< >3<33531 >TIgUZ< >3<43531 >tIgUZ< >3<53531
>DIgUR< >3<13532 >LIgUR< >3<23532 >NIgUR< >3<33532 >TIgUR< >3<43532 >tIgUR< >3<53532
>DIgUS< >3<13533 >LIgUS< >3<23533 >NIgUS< >3<33533 >TIgUS< >3<43533 >tIgUS< >3<53533
>DIgUT< >3<13534 >LIgUT< >3<23534 >NIgUT< >3<33534 >TIgUT< >3<43534 >tIgUT< >3<53534
>DIgUs< >3<13535 >LIgUs< >3<23535 >NIgUs< >3<33535 >TIgUs< >3<43535 >tIgUs< >3<53535

21 The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia

22 FRANK is a 1-vowel word with a reference to → >NKAVR< >1<34142.
Analysis of the dictionary of pentagrams
A respectable number of the perfect pentagrams (such as BRENG , PRACHT and PRONG) does
not have an etymology of a known origin. These words seem to be generated according to local
rules.
The origin of the ethnic name FRANK is uncertain; it traditionally is said to be from the
old Germanic word *frankon "javelin, lance" (compare Old English franca "lance,
javelin"), their preferred weapon, but the reverse may be the case.

Compare also Saxon, traditionally from root of Old English seax "knife." The adjectival
sense of "free, at liberty" (see frank (adj.)) probably developed from the tribal name, not
the other way round. It was noted by 1680s that, in the Levant, this was the name given
to anyone of Western nationality (compare Feringhee and lingua franca).23

The relation between FRANK and LIBER by their common root “Freedom” suggests these words
have been formed from the perfect pentagrams.

1-Vowel words
The following list contains a number of words which form perfect pentagrams. Some of these words
do not belong to the category “divine names”, “royal names”, demonyms, rivers or “freedom”-
attributes.
The most impressive is the couple (FRANK and LIBER) of perfect pentagrams, which share their
reference to freedom.
In order to identify suitable European words the word-generator had to be modified to sort the
output-file in 0-vowel, 1-vowel, 2-vowel end 3-vowel words. The files with sorted 2-vowel and 3-
vowel words allow us to identify the relevant words in modern European languages.
# Category Language pentagram English converter converter Remarks
formula Code
1 Adjective & English FRANK Free, NKAVR 34142
demonym Dutch frank
2 verb Dutch BRENG To bring NGEBR 32212
To offer
3 verb Old Frisian BRANGA To attest NGABR 32112
4 substantive Dutch PRANG Nose NGApR 32152
5 substantive German PRANGER pillory NGApR 32152
6 substantive English PRONG (Fish-)for NGgpR 32552
k
7 substantive Dutch PRACHT splendor TcApR 41552
8 substantive Dutch VRACHT freight TcAVR 45142
9 adjective Dutch WRANG sour NGAVR 32142
10 adjective English WRONG wrong NGgVR 32542

Table 4 Dictionary of perfect pentagrams sorted for 1-vowel words

23 franc | Origin and meaning of franc by Online Etymology ...

frank (FRANK)
The etymology seems to be based on a lost word (OHG. *francho, ‘javelin):
frank, adj., ‘free, independent,’ first occurs in ModHG., from Fr. FRANC (Ital., Span.,
and Port. franco), which was again derived from the Teut. tribal name Franken, OHG.
Franchun, and may have been applied generally to any freeman. The term FRANKEN
is prop. a derivative of a lost OHG. *francho, ‘javelin,’ preserved in AS. franca and
OIc. frakke; the Saxons (Sachsen) are similarly named after a weapon — OHG. Sahsun,
from sahs, ‘sword’ (see Messer). 24

bring (v.) (BRENG)

Old English bringan "to bear, convey, take along in coming; bring forth, produce,
present, offer" (past tense brohte, past participle broht), from Proto-Germanic
*brangjanan (source also of Old Frisian branga "attest, declare, assure," Middle Dutch
BRENGhen, Old High German bringan, German bringen, Gothic briggan). There are no
exact cognates outside Germanic, but it appears to be from PIE *bhrengk- (source also
of Welsh he-brwng "bring"), which, according to Watkins, isbased on root *bher- (1) "to
carry," also "to bear children," but Boutkan writes, "We are probably dealing with a
Germanic/Celtic substratum word."25

prong (n.) (PRONG)

early 15c., prange "sharp point or pointed instrument;" mid-15c., pronge "agony, pain,"
from Anglo-Latin pronga "prong, pointed tool," of unknown origin, perhaps related to
Middle Low German prange "stick, restraining device," prangen "to press, pinch." See
also prod, which might be related. The sense of "each pointed division of a fork" is by
1690s. PRONG-horned antelope is from 1815 (short form pronghorn attested from
1826).26

freight (n. & v.) (VRACHT)

freight (n.): early 15c. "transporting of goods and passengers by water," variant of
fraght, which is from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German VRACHT, VRECHT (see
fraught). Danish fragt, Swedish frakt apparently also are from Dutch or Frisian. Also
from Low German are Portuguese frete, Spanish flete, and French fret, which might
have changed the vowel in this variant of the English word. Meaning "cargo of a ship"
is from c. 1500. Freight-train is from 1841.

freight (v.): "to load (a ship) with goods or merchandise for shipment," mid-15c. variant
of Middle English fraught (v.) "to load (a ship)," c. 1400; see fraught, and compare
freight (n.). Figuratively, "to carry or transport," 1530s. Related: Freighted; freighting.

24 Frank (An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, F (1891) by Friedrich Kluge, translated by John
Francis Davis )
25 bring
26 prong
fraught (adj.)
late 14c., "freighted, laden, loaded, stored with supplies" (of vessels); figurative use
from early 15c.; past-participle adjective from obsolete verb fraught "to load (a ship)
with cargo," Middle English fraughten (c. 1400), which always was rarer than the past
participle, from noun fraught "a load, cargo, lading of a ship" (early 13c.), which is the
older form of freight (n.).

This apparently is from a North Sea Germanic source, Middle Dutch VRECHT,
VRACHT "hire for a ship, freight," or similar words in Middle Low German or Frisian,
apparently originally "earnings," from Proto-Germanic *fra-aihtiz "property, absolute
possession," from *FRA-, here probably intensive + *aigan "be master of, possess"
(from PIE root *aik- "be master of, possess"). Related: Fraughtage.27

pracht (PRACHT)
PRACHT, f., ‘state, pomp, magnificence,’ from MidHG. and OHG. PRAHT, BRAHT,
m. and f., ‘noise, shouting.’ The evolution in meaning is similar to that of hell; MidHG.
BRËHEN, ‘to light, shine,’ may also have exercised some influence, as well as
ModHG. PRANGEN (PRONG), the abstract of which could only be a form identical
with Pracht. OHG. and OSax. braht, ‘noise,’ like the equiv. AS. breahtm, may be traced
to a Teut. root ƀrah, ‘to make a noise.28’

27 fraught
28 Source: Pracht An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, P (1891) by Friedrich Kluge, translated by
John Francis Davis
2-Vowel words
A respectable number of words (TIBER, ,PYOTR, LIBER) in these categories refer to uncertain
etymologies, sometimes even silly (in the case of FAÐIR , PITAR): presumably from baby-speak
sound "pa."
The most spectacular 2-vowel perfect pentagram may be “LIBER“ (“free”), which shares the same
meaning (“freedom”) with the Frankish “FRANK”29.
In Sanskrit the formula DYAUS PITAR ("heavenly father”) represents a dual set of perfect
pentagrams.
In Germanic languages the 2-vowel words refer to a mixture of the Germanic deities TIVAR,
TIWAZ, TIWAS, TIVAS.
In Latin the river TIBER also refer to a king, an emperor and a praenomen.

# Category Language pentagram English (letters) Code Remarks

formula
1 substantive Sanskrit PITAR father DIapR 13452
2 substantive Old Norse FAÐIR father DIaVR 13442
3 Royal name Linear A (Cretan) MINOS Minos NIgMS 33523 Cretan king
4 Royal name Russian PYOTR Peter TIapR 43452 Czar Peter I
5 adjective Latin DIVES rich DIEVS 13243
6 Divine name Latin LIBER free LIBER 23212
& adjective
7 substantive Latin LIMES Border LIEMS 23223
8 organ English LIVER liver LIEVR 23242
9 substantive English LIVES lives LIEVS 23243
10 deities Old Norse TIVAR gods TIAVR 43142 Plural for týr
11 rune (ᛏ) rune TIWAZ Týr TIAVS 43143
12 deity Luwian TIWAS Tiwaz TIAVS 43143
13 deity Proto-Germanic TIVAS *Tīwaz TIAVS 43143
14 River-name Latin TIBER Tiber TIEBR 43212
king's name TIBERINUS Tiberinus
praenomen TIBERIUS Tiberius
emperor
15 adverb Dutch TERUG return TGEUR 42232
16 adverb Dutch THUIS At home TIHUS 43333

Table 5: Dictionary of perfect pentagrams sorted for 2-vowel words

29 FRANK is a 1-vowel word with a reference to → >NKAVR< >1<34142.

Minos
"MINOS" is often interpreted as the Cretan word for "king",[2] or, by a euhemerist
interpretation, the name of a particular king that was subsequently used as a title.

There is a name in Minoan Linear A MI-NU-TE that may be related to Minos.

Some scholars see a connection between Minos and the names of other ancient founder-
kings, such as Menes of Egypt, Mannus of Germany, and Manu of India,[6][7] and even
with Meon of Phrygia and Lydia (after him named Maeonia), Mizraim of Egypt in the
Book of Genesis and the Canaanite deity Baal.[8]

Liber ( LIBER)
“Liber” is the Latin root for many English words referring to freedom, such as
libertarianism, liberalism, liberty, Liberia ("free land"), and liberation. In this scope the
name LIBERIA may be based on the same idea as the name FRANCE.

Additionally LIBER (Liber) is the god of Roman mythology associated with the Greek god
Dionysus.

Etymology of liberal (adj.)

The word “liberal” is interpreted as “free”, from Latin “LIBER“ (“free”), which is “conjectured to
be from PIE *leudh-ero-”, which probably originally meant "belonging to the people," though the
precise semantic development is obscure. The link to frank is also mentioned: a suffixed form of
the base *leudh- (2) "people".
mid-14c., "generous," also "nobly born, noble, free;" from late 14c. as "selfless,
magnanimous, admirable;" from early 15c. in a bad sense, "extravagant, unrestrained,"
from Old French liberal "befitting free people; noble, generous; willing, zealous" (12c.),
and directly from Latin liberalis "noble, gracious, munificent, generous," literally "of
freedom, pertaining to or befitting a free person," from liber "free, unrestricted,
unimpeded; unbridled, unchecked, licentious."

This is conjectured to be from PIE *leudh-ero-, which probably originally meant

"belonging to the people," though the precise semantic development is obscure; but
compare frank (adj.). This was a suffixed form of the base *leudh- (2) "people" (source
also of Old Church Slavonic ljudu, Lithuanian liaudis, Old English leod, German Leute
"nation, people;" Old High German liut "person, people").30

For a better etymology I suggest to compare both pentagrams “LIBER“ (free) and “FRANK” (free),
which both share the same 5 categories.

The relation to “People”

The etymology for “people” is categorized as follows: *LEUDH and Old Church Slavonic LJUDU,
Lithuanian LIAUDIS, Old English LEOD, German LEUTE "nation, people;" Old High German
LIUT "person, people"

30 Source: liberal
Officially the etymology of the Latin word “LIBER“ is:
From Old Latin LOEBER, from Proto-Italic *LOUDEROS, from Proto-Indo-European
*h₁léwdʰeros, from *H₁LEWDʰ- (“people”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐλεύθερος
(eleútheros), Sanskrit र धत (ródhati), Dutch lieden, German Leute, Russian люди (ljudi,
“people”).

līber (feminine lībera, neuter līberum, comparative līberior, superlative līberrimus, adverb
līberē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

2. free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked

• open (not decided or settled)
• unbiased (pertains to lawyers)
• exempt, void 31

Tiber ( TIBER , TIBERINUS, TIBERIUS)

Another most spectacular 2-vowel perfect pentagram may be TIBER, for which there is no
etymology. However the name TIBER is a perfect pentagram, which is the root for the royal name
TIBERINUS (said to have reigned 922-914 BC)[1].

It is probable that the genesis of the name Tiber was pre-Latin, like the Roman name of
Tibur (modern Tivoli), and may be specifically Italic in origin. The same root is found
in the Latin praenomen Tiberius (TIBERIUS). There are also Etruscan variants of this
praenomen in Thefarie (borrowed from Faliscan *Tiferios, lit. '(He) from the Tiber' <
*Tiferis 'Tiber') and Teperie (via the Latin hydronym Tiber).[8][9]

The legendary king TIBERINUS (Tiberinus), ninth in the king-list of Alba Longa, was
said to have drowned in the river Albula, which was afterward called Tiberis.[8] The
myth may have explained a memory of an earlier, perhaps pre-Indo-European name for
the river, "white" (alba) with sediment, or "from the mountains" from pre-Indo-
European word "alba, albion" mount, elevated area.[10] Tiberis/Tifernus may be a pre-
Indo-European substrate word related to Aegean tifos "still water", Greek phytonym
τύφη a kind of swamp and river bank weed (Typha angustifolia), Iberian hydronyms
Tibilis, Tebro and Numidian Aquae Tibilitanae.[11] Yet another etymology is from
*dubri-, water, considered by Alessio as Sicel, whence the form ΘΎΒΡIΣ later Tiberis.
This root *dubri- is widespread in Western Europe e.g. Dover, Portus Dubris.[12] 32.

The river TIBER is located in Rome. The etymology may be derived from the Celtic
expression DUBRO "river" (compare Dover). Related: Tiburtine33.

31 Source: liber – Wiktionary (Latin 4.1 Etymology 1)

32 Etymology
33 Tiber
father (n.) ( FAÐIR , PITAR)
Old English fæder "he who begets a child, nearest male ancestor;" also "any lineal male
ancestor; the Supreme Being," and by late Old English, "one who exercises parental
care over another," from Proto-Germanic *fader (source also of Old Saxon fadar, Old
Frisian feder, Dutch vader, Old Norse FAÐIR, Old High German fatar, German vater; in
Gothic usually expressed by atta), from PIE *pəter- "father" (source also of Sanskrit
PITAR-, Greek pater, Latin pater, Old Persian pita, Old Irish athir "father"), presumably
from baby-speak sound "pa." The ending formerly was regarded as an agent-noun
affix.34

Liver (n.1) (LIVER)

secreting organ of the body, Old English LIFER, from Proto-Germanic *librn (source
also of Old Norse lifr, Old Frisian livere, Middle Dutch levere, Dutch lever, Old High
German lebara, German Leber "LIVER"), perhaps from PIE root *leip- "to stick,
adhere," also used to form words for "fat."35

Peter (PYOTR)
masc. proper name, 12c., from Old English Petrus (genitive Pet(e)res, dative Pet(e)re), from Latin
Petrus, from Greek Petros, literally "stone, rock" (see petrous).

petrous (adj.)
c. 1400, in anatomy, "very hard, dense," from Old French petros (Modern French petreux) and
directly from Latin petrosus "stony," from petra "rock," from Greek petra "rock, cliff, ledge, shelf of
rock, rocky ridge," a word of unknown etymology (Beekes says it is "probably Pre-Greek"). Used
of certain bones, especially of parts of the temporal bone.

34 father (n.)
35 liver (n.1)
3-Vowel words
The 3-vowel words seem to be concentrated on the sky-gods' names and the Frankish royal names,
which may be beginning with the name Clovis → (Ch-)LOUIS.
In Sanskrit the formula DYAUS PITAR ("heavenly father”) represents a dual set of perfect
pentagrams.
In Dutch the word NIEU(W)S may be interpreted as “N” (“not”) “ AIWS, ‘time, eternity’.
For the extension of the 3-vowel words I would have to add the imperfect words with 3 vowels:
• IÉU = “I”
• DIÉU = God
• DIÉU = I say
• SIÉU = I am
• RIÉU = I laugh
• VIÉU = I see

# Category Language Words with 3 English (letters) Code Remarks

vowels formula
1 deity PIE *DEIWOS *deiw-os DIgVS 13543
D(E)IUOS
2 deity Vedic DIAUS Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ DIAUS 13133 Dual set of
Sanskrit 'Sky pentagrams
Father'
3 deity PIEuropean DYEUS *Dyeus DIEUS 13233
4 deity French DIÉU(S) God DIEUS 13233
5 deity Latin (D)IOU(S) JU-piter DIgUS 13533

6 Apostle English JUDAS Judas DIAUS 13133

ῚOΎΔΑΣ Ὶούδας
YEHÛDÂH Judah
7 Royal name French LOUIS Lewis LIgUS 23533
8 Royal name Merovingian (Ch)LOUIS Clovis LIgUS 23533
9 Royal name English LEWIS Lewis LIgUS 23533
10 substantive Dutch NIEU(W)S news NIEUS 33233

11 verb Provencal DIÉU I say

12 verb Provencal SIÉU I am
13 verb Provencal RIÉU I laugh
14 verb Provencal VIÉU I see
15 pronoun Provencal IÉU I
16 deity Provencal DIÉU God
Table 6 Dictionary of pentagrams sorted for the 3 vowel words
Judas (JUDAS)
The name JUDAS is a permutation of the letters of the perfect pentagram DIAUS (Dyáuṣ Pitṛ ṛ 'Sky
Father' ).
The name Judas (Ὶούδας) is a Greek rendering of the Hebrew name Judah (‫יהודה‬,
YEHÛDÂH, Hebrew for "God is thanked"), which was an extremely common name for
Jewish men during the first century AD, due to the renowned hero Judas Maccabeus.
[16][8] Consequently, numerous other figures with this name are mentioned throughout
the New Testament. 36

Jupiter (n.) (*[D]YOU[S]-PITAR-)

also Juppiter, c. 1200, "supreme deity of the ancient Romans," from Latin Iupeter,
Iupiter, Iuppiter, "Jove, god of the sky and chief of the gods," from PIE *DYEU-peter-
"god-father" (originally vocative, "the name naturally occurring most frequently in
invocations" [Tucker]), from *deiw-os "god" (from root *DYEU- "to shine," in
derivatives "sky, heaven, god") + peter "father" in the sense of "male head of a
household" (see father (n.)).

The Latin forms Diespiter, Dispiter ... together with the word dies 'day' point to the
generalization of a stem *dije-, whereas Iupiter, Iovis reflect [Proto-Italic] *djow~
(*DJOW). These can be derived from a single PIE paradigm for '(god of the) sky, day-
light', which phonetically split in two in [Proto-Italic] and yielded two new stems with
semantic specialization. [de Vaan]

Compare Greek Zeu pater, vocative of Zeus pater "Father Zeus;" Sanskrit DYAUS
PITAR "heavenly father." As the name of the brightest of the superior planets from late
13c. in English, from Latin (Iovis stella). The Latin word also meant "heaven, sky, air,"
hence sub Iove "in the open air." As god of the sky he was considered to be the
originator of weather, hence Jupiter Pluvius "Jupiter as dispenser of rain" 1704), used
jocularly from mid-19c.37

The core IAUS of TIVAS and DIAUS

The core IAUS of TIVAS and DIAUS may be related to the substantive AIWS, ‘time, eternity’. In
TIVAS the letter V may also be representing any labial such as a vowel U, Ώ or a consonant W.
je, adverb, older ie (which in the 17th century was supplanted by je, recorded at a still
earlier period), ‘always, ever,’ from Middle High German ie, ‘at all times, always (of the
past and present), the (with compars., distributives, &c.), at any (one) time,’ Old High
German io, eo, ‘always, at any (one) time.’ The earliest Old High German form eo is
based on *êo, aiw (compare See, Schnee, and wie); compare Gothic AIW, ‘at any time,’
Old Saxon êo, Anglo-Saxon â, ‘always’ (English aye, from Old Icelandic ei, ‘always’).
Gothic aiw is an oblique case of the substantive AIWS, ‘time, eternity,’ and because in
Gothic only the combination of aiw with the negative ni occurs, it is probable that ni
aiw (see nie), ‘never’ (‘not for all eternity’), is the oldest, and that the positive meaning,
Old High German eo, ‘always,’ was obtained à posteriori; yet compare Greek αἰεί,
‘always,’ allied to ΑἸΏΝ, and see ewig and the following words. 38
36 Source: Name and background (Judas Iscariot - Wikipedia)
37 Jupiter (n.)
38 Source: the entry Je in An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, J (1891) by Friedrich Kluge,
Nieuws (NIEUWS)
The Dutch word NIEUWS (News) may also be related to AIWS, ‘time, eternity’ as a negation (“not
new”) of eternity. The negation is symbolized by a header “Ν” followed by AIWS. This etymology
neujo-, newo seems be be uncertain:
neu, adj., ‘new, fresh, modern, novel,’ from the equiv. MidHG. niuwe, niu, OHG. niuwi.
Corresponding forms exist in the Teut. and Aryan group; Goth. niujis, OIc. nŷr, AS.
níwe, E. new, Du. nieuw, OSax. niuwi. Teut. niuja, from pre-Teut. néuyo-, appears also
in Sans. návyas (and návas), Lith. naújas (OSlov. novŭ, Lat. novus, Gr. νέος), The prim.
meaning of this primit. Aryan neujo-, newo, cannot be determined with certainty; it is
probably connected with the OAryan particle nūū, ‘now,’ so what was new was regarded
as ‘that which has just come into being’ (comp. nun). Its relation to the following word
is very doubtful. 39

translated by John Francis Davis

39 Source: the entry Neu in An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, J (1891)
Appendices

Appendix 1 - A list of some Indo-Euopean pentagrams

Statistics
The following (incomplete) list contains:
• 10 perfect pentagrams with 1 vowel
• 15 perfect pentagrams with 2 vowels
• 10 perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels
24 pentagrams start with a lingual (D, T or L) and 14 with a labial letter (F, B, M, P, W). Only 3
pentagrams (versions of → JUDAS) start with a palatal letter (J, I, Y).
An overview may also be listed as follows:
FRANK DIVES *DEIWOS
BRENG LIBER D(E)IUOS
BRANGA LIMES DIAUS
PRANG LIVER DYEUS
PRANGER LIVES DIÉU(S)
PRONG TIVAR (D)IOU(S)
PRACHT TIWAZ
VRACHT TIWAS JUDAS
WRANG TIVAS ῚOΎΔΑΣ
WRONG TIBER YEHÛDÂH
TIBERINUS
PITAR TIBERIUS LOUIS
FAÐIR (Ch)LOUIS
MINOS TERUG LEWIS
PYOTR THUIS NIEU(W)S

Table 7 Overview of the Dictionary of some Indo-European Pentagrams

# vo- Category Language pentagram English converter converter Remarks
wels formula Code
1 1 Adjective & English FRANK Free, frank NKAVR 34142
demonym Dutch
2 1 verb Dutch BRENG To bring NGEBR 32212
To offer
3 1 verb Old Frisian BRANGA To attest NGABR 32112
4 1 substantive Dutch PRANG Nose NGApR 32152
5 1 substantive German PRANGER pillory NGApR 32152
6 1 substantive English PRONG (Fish-)fork NGgpR 32552
7 1 substantive Dutch PRACHT splendor TcApR 41552
8 1 substantive Dutch VRACHT freight TcAVR 45142
9 1 adjective Dutch WRANG sour NGAVR 32142
10 1 adjective English WRONG wrong NGgVR 32542

1 2 substantive Sanskrit PITAR father DIapR 13452

2 2 substantive Old Norse FAÐIR father DIaVR 13442
3 2 Royal name Linear A MINOS Minos NIgMS 33523 Cretan
(Cretan) king
4 2 Royal name Russian PYOTR Peter TIapR 43452 Czar
Peter I
5 2 adjective Latin DIVES rich DIEVS 13243
6 2 Divine name Latin LIBER free LIBER 23212
& adjective
7 2 substantive Latin LIMES Border LIEMS 23223
8 2 organ English LIVER liver LIEVR 23242
9 2 substantive English LIVES lives LIEVS 23243
10 2 deities Old Norse TIVAR gods TIAVR 43142 Plural for
týr
11 2 rune (ᛏ) rune TIWAZ Týr TIAVS 43143
12 2 deity Luwian TIWAS Tiwaz TIAVS 43143
13 2 deity Proto- TIVAS *Tīwaz TIAVS 43143
Germanic
14 2 River-name Latin TIBER Tiber TIEBR 43212
king's name TIBERINU Tiberinus
praenomen S Tiberius
emperor TIBERIUS

15 2 adverb Dutch TERUG return TGEUR 42232

16 2 adverb Dutch THUIS At home TIHUS 43333

1 3 deity PIE *DEIWOS *deiw-os DIgVS 13543

# vo- Category Language pentagram English converter converter Remarks
wels formula Code
D(E)IUOS
2 3 deity Vedic DIAUS Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ DIAUS 13133 Dual set
Sanskrit 'Sky Father' of
pentagra
ms
3 3 deity PIEuropea DYEUS *Dyeus DIEUS 13233
n
4 3 deity French DIÉU(S) God DIEUS 13233
5 3 deity Latin (D)IOU(S) JU-piter DIgUS 13533
6 3 Apostle English JUDAS Judas DIAUS 13133
ῚOΎΔΑΣ Ὶούδας
YEHÛDÂH Judah
7 3 Royal name French LOUIS Lewis LIgUS 23533
8 3 Royal name Merovingi (Ch)LOUIS Clovis LIgUS 23533
an
9 3 Royal name English LEWIS Lewis LIgUS 23533
10 3 substantive Dutch NIEU(W)S news NIEUS 33233
Table 8 Dictionary of some Indo-European Pentagrams - sorted for the 1-, 2,- and 3-vowel words
Appendix 2 - List with Romansh / Provencal words with IÉU-extensions
The following map is detailed in The Fourth Vowel (generating Ego-pronouns from sets of
vowels) :

Fig. 5: Schematic Distribution Map for the Ego-Pronouns

Background map after Atlas of the Celtic World, by John Haywood; London Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2001, pp.30-37. 40

In the Alpine mountains from the centered city of Chur the pronouns expanded in four directions.
Each direction has its own central vowel E, O, A, H, but the pronouns are abbreviated from 3 to 2
letters :

# vowels Category Direction Language ego- English

pronoun
1 3 pronoun west French JE (U) I
2 3 pronoun south Italic IO (U) I
3 3 pronoun east Slavic JA (U) I
4 3 pronoun north German IH (U) I
Table 9 The global spreading of the personal pronouns of the 1st person

40 Published by Dbachmann for the Wikimedia Commons under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2
Chur is known as the oldest town of the Switzerland and has been documented as the first episcopal
center at the northern side of the Alps (installed 450 AD). The name "chur" derives perhaps from
the Celtic kora or koria, meaning "tribe", or from the Latin CURIA. In the 10th century the patron is
named LUZIUS, in the 11th century FLORINUS.
Das Bistum Chur (episcopatus/diocesis Curiensis) gehörte spätestens ab 451 und wahrscheinlich
ununterbrochen bis zum Vertrag von Verdun 843 zum Erzbistum Mailand, danach zum Erzbistum Mainz
bis zu dessen Aufhebung 1803/1818. Seither ist es direkt dem Heiligen Stuhl unterstellt. Seine Patrone
sind Luzius (10. Jh.) bzw. Luzius und Florinus (seit dem 11. Jh.). Bischofssitz und Kathedrale befinden
sich auf dem Hof Chur. 41

Early settlement of episcopal control may indicate an influence of the Church in defining Ego-
pronouns. As a remarkable fact the Ego-pronouns around Chur seem to follow the same rules as
those on an enlarged scale: at the west-side we find “jeu”, which is also found in the Provencal
language. At the south-side we find the Sutsilvan “jou”, which governs Italy (Jupitter). At the east-
side we find the Jauer-language which abbreviates to“ja” - found in at Slavic countries in the east.42
Around the central episcopal city of Chur we may identify the same central vowels E, O, A, H of
the personal pronouns JÉU, JOU, JAU, EAU, EU, IH, .. :
# vowels Category Direction Romansh Dialect Region ego-pronoun English
1 3 pronoun west Vallader Vallader JÉU I
Sursilvan
2 3 pronoun south Sutsilvan Ticino valley JOU I

3 3 pronoun east Jauer, Surmiran Val Müstair JAU I

Rumantsch Grischun EAU
EU
4 3 pronoun north German Rhine valley IH I
Table 10 The local spreading (around Chur) of the personal pronouns of the 1st person

Fig. 6: Concentration of all Ego-pronouns within 20 miles

41 Swiss database (The Franks in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. )
DHS/HLS/DSS online edition in German, French and Italian
42 The Fourth Vowel (generating Ego-pronouns from sets of vowels)
A simplified grammar
In the Provencal language the grammar seemed to be simplified by conjugations from a singular
letter “D” for saying, “S” for being, “R” for laughing, “V” for seeing or rather (in for the transfer
into English) VIÉU → “VIÉWING”.
# vowels Category Language pentagram English remarks
1 3 pronoun Provencal IÉU I
2 3 verb Provencal DIÉU I say
3 3 verb Provencal SIÉU I am
4 3 verb Provencal RIÉU I laugh
5 3 verb Provencal VIÉU I see To VIÉW
view
6 3 deity Provencal DIÉU God
Table 11 Dictionary of Provencal words with IÉU-extensions

Etymology of view (n.)

early 15c., "formal inspection or survey" (of land); mid-15c., "visual perception," from
Anglo-French vewe "view," Old French veue "light, brightness; look, appearance;
eyesight, vision," noun use of fem. past participle of veoir "to see," from Latin videre
"to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). Sense of "manner of regarding something"
attested from early 15c. Meaning "sight or prospect of a landscape, etc." is recorded
from c. 160043.

view (v.)
1520s, "inspect, examine," from view (n.). From 1765 as "to regard in a certain way;"
from 1935 as "to watch television." Related: Viewed; viewing.

43 Source: view (n.)

Appendix 3 – Overview of the Frankish and Merovingian dynasties
In this study the sequence, naming and spelling is following the List of Frankish Rulers.
In a few of the following tables the names will be restricted to single entries to avoid an unwanted
redundancy in the information.

The predecessor generations of CLOVIS from the 4th century

Royal Name Royal Name categories

GΕNNOBAUDΕS Gennobaudes (~ 4th century) 5
SUNNO Sunno (~ 4th century) 4
th
MARCOMΕR Marcomer – Salian Frankish Dux (~ 4 century) 4
th
MALLOBAUDΕS Mallobaudes (~ 4 century) 4
PhARAMOND Pharamond (~ 365 – 430) 4
(king of Salian Franks, non-historic)
ChLODIO Chlodio (~ 450) 4
CLODIUS King of the Salian Franks 5
MΕROVΕCh Merovech (c. 411 – 458)[1] 4
ChILDΕRIC Childeric I (father of Clovis I) – King of the Salian Franks 4
ChILDΕRICUS French: Childéric; Latin: Childericus; reconstructed 5
Frankish: *Hildirīk;[4] c. 437/439 – 481 AD
Table 12: The predecessor generations of CLOVIS
The Merovingian dynasty from Clovis I up to Pepin (466–751)
The following 9 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
CLOVIS, ChILDΕBΕRT, ThΕUDΕRIC, ChLODΕMΕR, ChARIBΕRT, SIGIBΕRT,
ChILPΕRIC, GUNTRAM, and DAGOBΕRT.

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories

CLOVIS Frankish king Clovis I (Chlodowig) – 466–511 5
ChLODOWIG First king of the Franks 4
ChLODOVΕCh 4
ChLOThAR Chlothar (king of the Franks) c. 497 – 561 4

ChILDΕBΕRT Childebert I (Paris) 511–558 5

ThΕUDΕRIC Theuderich (Metz) 511–533 5
ThΕUDΕBΕRT Theudebert (Metz) 533–548 4
ThΕUDΕBALD Theudebald (Metz) 548–555 4
ChLODΕMΕR Chlodomer (Orléans) 511–524 5

ChARIBΕRT Charibert I (Paris) 561–567 5

SIGIBΕRT Sigibert I (Metz) 561–567 5
ChILPΕRIC Chilperic I (Soissons) 561–567 5
GUNTRAM Guntram (Orléans) 561–567 5

DAGOBΕRT king of all Franks – Dagobert I 629–638 5

PIPPINIDΕ Pippinids (Austrasia) 656–662 4

Table 13 The Merovingian dynasty from Clovis I up to Pepin (466–751)

The Carolingian Dynasty (751 tot 987)
The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family founded by Charles Martel with origins in the
Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.[2].
The following 6 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
• KAROLVS
• CARLOMAN, KARLOMAN,
• LOVIS, LOUIS,
• LOThARIUS.

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories

Latin French Dutch German
PΕPIJN Pepin the Short 751 - 768 4
CARLOMAN Carloman I 768 - 771 5
KAROLVS ChARLES KAREL KARL Charles I the Great 768 - 814 5 4 4 4
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LUDWIG Louis I the Pious 814 - 840 5 5 4 4
KAROLVS ChARLES KAREL KARL Charles II, the Bald 840 - 877 5 4 4 4
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LUDWIG Louis II, the Stammerer 877 - 879 5 5 4 4
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LUDWIG Louis III 879 - 882 5 5 4 4
KARLOMAN Carloman II 882 - 884 5
KAROLVS ChARLES KAREL KARL Charles the Fat 884 - 887 5 4 4 4
ODO ODO Odo,* Robertian dynasty 887 - 898 2 2
KAROLVS ChARLES KAREL KARL Charles III, the Simple 898 - 922 5 4 4 4
ROBΕRT ROBΕRT Robert I,* Robertian 922 - 923 4 4
dyn.
RUDOLF RUDOLPh Rudolph, Bosonid 923 - 936 4 4
dynasty
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LUDWIG Louis IV, Transmarinus 936 - 954 5 5 4 4
LOThARIUS LOThARIUS Lothair 954 - 986 5 5
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LUDWIG Louis V, the Sluggard 986 - 987 5 5 4 4

Table 14 The Carolingian dynasty (751 tot 987)

The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France

House of Capet (987–1328)

The following 5 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
• LOVIS, LOUIS, LEWIS,
• CAROLVS,
• HΕNRICVS

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories

Latin French Dutch English
HUGUΕS HUGO HUGh Hugh (Capet) 987 -996 4 3 2

ROBΕRTVS ROBΕRT ROBΕRT ROBΕRT Robert II the Pious, the Wise 996 -1031 4 4 4 4
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry I 1031 -1060 5 4 4 4
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip I the Amorous 1060 -1108 4 4 3 3
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis VI the Fat 1108 - 1180 5 5 4 5
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip II Augustus 1180 -1223 4 4 3 3
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis VIII the Lion 1223 -1226 5 5 4 5
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis IX the Saint 1226 -1270 5 5 4 5
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip III the Bold 1270 -1285 4 4 3 3
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip IV the Fair, the Iron 1285 - 1314 4 4 3 3
King
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis X the Quarreller 1314 -1316 5 5 4 5
JOHANNES JEAN JAN JOHN John I the Posthumous 1316 -1316 4 3 3 3
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip V the Tall 1316 -1322 4 4 3 3
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles IV the Fair 1322 - 1328 5 4 4 4

Table 15 House of Capet (987–1328)

The House of Valois (1328–1589)
The following 9 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
• LOVIS, LOUIS, LEWIS,
• CAROLVS,
• HΕNRICVS,
• FRANCISCVS, FRANÇOIS, FRANS, FRANCIS.
From 1340 to 1801 (but not from 1360 to 1369), the Kings of England and Great Britain claimed the
title of King of France. 44

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories

Latin French Dutch English
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip VI the Fortunate 1328 -1350 4 4 3 3
JOHANNES JEAN JAN JOHN John II the Good 1350 -1364 4 3 3 3
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles V the Wise 1364 - 1380 5 4 4 4
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles VI the Beloved, the 1380 -1422 5 4 4 4
Mad

HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry VI of England 1422 - 1453 5 4 4 4

CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles VII the Victorious, the 1422 - 1461 5 4 4 4
Well-Served
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XI the Prudent, the 1461 - 1483 5 5 4 5
Cunning, the Universal Spider
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles VIII the Affable 1483 -1498 5 4 4 4
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XII Father of the People 1498 - 1515 5 5 4 5
FRANCISCVS FRANÇOIS FRANS FRANCIS Francis I the Father and 1515 -1547 5 5 5 5
Restorer of Letters
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry II 1547 - 1559 5 4 4 4
FRANCISCVS FRANÇOIS FRANS FRANCIS Francis II 1559 -1560 5 5 5 5
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles IX 1560-1574 5 4 4 4
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry III 1574 - 1589 5 4 4 4

Table 16 House of Valois (1328–1589)

44 House of Lancaster (1422–1453) (disputed)

The House of Bourbon (1589–1792)
The following 4 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
• LOVIS, LOUIS, LEWIS,
• HΕNRICVS.

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories

Latin French Dutch English
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry IV the Green Gallant 1589 -1610 5 4 4 4
Good King
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XIII the Just 1610 -1643 5 5 4 5
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XIV the Great 1643 - 1715 5 5 4 5
the Sun King
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XV the Beloved 1715 - 1774 5 5 4 5
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XVI the Restorer 1774 - 5 5 4 5
of French Liberty 1792
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XVII 1793 -1795 5 5 4 5

Table 17 House of Bourbon (1589–1792)

Napoléon Bonaparte (1804 -1814)

The French First Republic lasted from 1792 to 1804, after which its popular First Consul, Napoléon
Bonaparte, decided to make France a monarchy again.
He took the popular title Emperor of the French instead of King of France and Navarre or King of
the French to avoid all titles of the Kingdom of France making France's second popular monarchy.
Napoléon Bonaparte's name does not satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
Theonym Royal Name Period categories
Latin French Dutch English
NAPOLEON Napoleon I 1804 -1814 3
BONAPARTE (Napoléon) 4
BUONAPARTE 4
Table 18 Napoléon Bonaparte (1804 -1814)
The Rulers of Cleves (1020 – 1692)
In order to study a sample of German names I decided to investigate the Rulers of Cleves (1020 –
1692):
The Duchy of Cleves (German: Herzogtum Kleve; Dutch: Hertogdom Kleef) was a
State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval Hettergau [de]. It
was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its
capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg
bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of
Brabant in the west.

Counts of Cleves - House of Wassenberg

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories
English French Dutch German
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich I 1092–1119 4 4
ARNOLD Arnold I 1119–1147 3
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich II 1147–1172 4 4
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich III 1172–1188 4 4
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich IV 1188–1198 4 4
ARNOLD Arnold II 1198–1201 3
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich V 1201–1260 4 4
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich VI 1260–1275 4 4
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich VII of Meissen 1275–1305 4 4
OTTO OTTO OTTO OTTO Otto I the Peaceable 1305–1310 2 2 2 2
DIΕDΕRIK DIΕTRICh Dietrich VIII the Pious 1310–1347 4 4
JOHN JEAN JOHAN JOHANN Johann 1347–1368 3 2 3 3
Table 19: House of Wassenberg

Counts of Cleves - House of La Marck

Royal Name Royal Name Period categories

Latin English Dutch German
ADOLPHUS ADOLPH ADOLF ADOLF Adolf III of the Marck 1368–1394 4 3 3 3
ADOLPHUS ADOLPH ADOLF ADOLPH Adolph I 1394–1448 4 3 3 3
Table 20 Counts of Cleves - House of La Marck
Dukes of Cleves - House of La Marck
Royal Name Period categories
Royal Names
Latin French English Dutch German
ADOLPHUS ADOLF ADOLPH Adolph I, 1394–1448 4 3 3
Duke of
Cleves
JOHANNES JEAN JOHN JOHAN JOHANN John I 1448–1481 4
JOHANNES JEAN JOHN JOHAN JOHANN John II 1481–1521 4
the Pious
JOHANNES JEAN JOHN JOHAN JOHANN John III 1521–1539 4
the Peaceful
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM William 1539–1592 5 5 5 5 5
the Rich
JOHANNES JEAN JOHN JOHAN JOHANN John 1592–1609 4 3 3 3 3
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM William 5 5 5 5 5

Table 21 Dukes of Cleves - House of La Marck

House Hohenzollern (1609/1666–1918)45
In the course of an integration of the region in Prussian and a joined German state the Duchy of
Cleves gradually loses its independence. After the abdication of the last emperor Wilhelm II the
duchy automatically becomes a part of the German state.

Royal Names Royal Name Period categories

Latin French English Dutch German
JOHANNES JEAN JOHN JOHAN JOHANN Johann 1609– 4 3 3 3 3
1619
SIGISMUND SIGISMUND SIGISMUND SIGISMUND SIGISMUND Sigismund 4 4 4 4 4
GEORGIUS GEORGE GEORGE GEORG Georg 1619– 5 - 3 3 3
1640
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm 5 5 5 5 5
FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friedrich 1640– 5 5 5 5 5
1688
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm 5 5 5 5 5

FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friedrich I. 1688– 5 5 5 5 5

1713

FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friedrich 1713– 5 5 5 5 5

1740
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm I. 5 5 5 5 5
FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friedrich 1740– 5 5 5 5 5
1786
II.
FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friedrich 1786– 5 5 5 5 5
1797
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm 5 5 5 5 5
II.
FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friedrich 1797– 5 5 5 5 5
1840
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm 5 5 5 5 5
III.
FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friederich 1840– 5 5 5 5 5
1861
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm 5 5 5 5 5
IV.
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm I. 1861– 5 5 5 5 5
1888

FRIDΕRICUS FRÉDÉRIC FRΕDΕRICK FRΕDΕRIK FRIΕDRICh Friederich 1888– 5 5 5 5 5

1888
III.
WILHELMUS GUILLAUME WILLIAM WILLEM WILHELM Wilhelm II. 1888– 5 5 5 5 5
1918

Table 22 House Hohenzollern (1609/1666–1918)

The following 10 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories:
• WILHELMUS, WILLEM, WILLIAM, GUILLAUME, WILHELM
• FRIDΕRICUS, FRÉDÉRIC, FRΕDΕRICK, FRΕDΕRIK, FRIΕDRICh

45 Source: Haus Hohenzollern (1609/1666–1918)

Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
An Overview (as an Introduction)........................................................................................................2
The 7th-century Chronicle of Fredegar...........................................................................................3
Childeric's grave..............................................................................................................................4
The worship of Apis....................................................................................................................5
The symbolism of the bees..........................................................................................................6
Apex (the highest crown)............................................................................................................6
Clovis' mother Basina.................................................................................................................7
Clovis' wife Clotilde....................................................................................................................7
The IÉU-concept of the Provencal language...................................................................................8
The first episcopal site Chur at the northern side of the Alps..........................................................8
The inscriptions of the Tuihanti (Tuchenti)..........................................................................................9
The origin of the Merovingians..........................................................................................................10
The royal names with the 5 letters lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental...................................10
The 5 towers of the Tournai Cathedral...........................................................................................11
Derivations from Clovis.................................................................................................................11
The IÉU-conjugations in Provencal...................................................................................................12
The IÉU-patterns in the Provencal conjugation........................................................................13
Composing the Perfect Pentragrams..................................................................................................14
Analysis of the dictionary of pentagrams...........................................................................................15
1-Vowel words...............................................................................................................................15
frank (FRANK).........................................................................................................................16
bring (v.) (BRENG)..................................................................................................................16
prong (n.) (PRONG).................................................................................................................16
freight (n. & v.) (VRACHT).....................................................................................................16
fraught (adj.).........................................................................................................................17
pracht (PRACHT).....................................................................................................................17
2-Vowel words...............................................................................................................................18
Minos........................................................................................................................................19
Liber ( LIBER)..........................................................................................................................19
Etymology of liberal (adj.)...................................................................................................19
The relation to “People”.......................................................................................................19
Tiber ( TIBER , TIBERINUS, TIBERIUS)..............................................................................20
father (n.) ( FAÐIR , PITAR)...................................................................................................21
Liver (n.1) (LIVER)..................................................................................................................21
Peter (PYOTR)..........................................................................................................................21
petrous (adj.).........................................................................................................................21
3-Vowel words...............................................................................................................................22
Judas (JUDAS)..........................................................................................................................23
Jupiter (n.) (*[D]YOU[S]-PITAR-)..........................................................................................23
The core IAUS of TIVAS and DIAUS......................................................................................23
Nieuws (NIEUWS)...................................................................................................................24
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................25
Appendix 1 - A list of some Indo-Euopean pentagrams................................................................25
Statistics....................................................................................................................................25
Appendix 2 - List with Romansh / Provencal words with IÉU-extensions...................................28
A simplified grammar...............................................................................................................30
Etymology of view (n.)........................................................................................................30
view (v.)...........................................................................................................................30
Appendix 3 – Overview of the Frankish and Merovingian dynasties...........................................31
The predecessor generations of CLOVIS from the 4th century................................................31
The Merovingian dynasty from Clovis I up to Pepin (466–751)..............................................32
The Carolingian Dynasty (751 tot 987) ...................................................................................33
The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France .....................................................34
House of Capet (987–1328) ................................................................................................34
The House of Valois (1328–1589) .......................................................................................35
The House of Bourbon (1589–1792) ...................................................................................36
Napoléon Bonaparte (1804 -1814).......................................................................................36
The Rulers of Cleves (1020 – 1692).........................................................................................37
Counts of Cleves - House of Wassenberg ...........................................................................37
Counts of Cleves - House of La Marck................................................................................37
Dukes of Cleves - House of La Marck.................................................................................38
House Hohenzollern (1609/1666–1918)..............................................................................39