Poco –malo
Abbastanza-prilično
Molto-mnogo
Troppo-mnogo, suviše
Građenje gerunda:
Avverbi di quantità
Poco -malo
Abbastanza-prilično
Molto-mnogo
Troppo-mnogo, suviše
Tempo (vreme)
UNITA’ 8
LAVORARE
ANDARE
(najčešći glagoli)
Articolo partitivo
Objekt koji označava neodređenu količinu i neodređeni broj stvari ili osoba
uz sebe nema neodređeni ni određeni član, već se može izraziti partitivnim
članom (del, dello, della, dei, degli, delle).
Primer:
UNITA’ 9
Possessivi
jednina množina
Ispred prisvojnog prideva uvek stoji član, sem kad stoji ispred imanice koja
označava bliske rođake u jednini : padre, madre, figlio, sorella, fratello,
nonno, zio, zia,…
Pazite: kada su te imenice u deminutivu onda ispred njih ide član: la mia
mamma
Futuro semplice
Buduće vreme
potere – potrò …
sapere – saprò
Famiglia
ČLANOVI PORODICE:
NONNO⇒deda
NONNA⇒baba
NIPOTE (il nipote; la nipote)⇒ 1-(unik, unuka) il figlio o la figlia del proprio
figlio o della propria figlia
1.
In this lesson you will learn Italian verbs for describing your daily routine,
from when you get up in the morning to when you go to bed at night!
svegliarsi – wake up
alzarsi – get up
lavarsi – wash
uscire – go out
cucinare – cook
guardare la TV – watch TV
PRAVCI:
Di fronte- ispred
In mezzo a- u sredini
Accanto a- pored
Vicino a- blizu
SATI
12:00 è mezzogiorno
00:00 è mezzanotte
All’una 13.00
Da ….. a – od … do
Dalle 8 alle 9
Da lunedì a venerdì
DANI U NEDELJI
lunedì martedì mercoledì giovedì venerdì sabato (muškog roda)
BROJEVI
1-10 uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove , dieci
20 venti
30 trenta
40 quaranta
50 cinquanta
60 sessanta
70 settanta
80 ottanta
90 novanta
100 cento
This lesson is about vocabulary for clothes. As with all nouns, be sure to
learn the gender of the word as well as its meaning.
Vestiti – Clothes
il cappello – hat
l’anello – ring
il bracciale – bracelet
la camicetta – blouse
la borsa – handbag
la sciarpa – scarf
la gonna – skirt
il cappotto – coat
il berretto – cap
l’occhiali – glasses
la camicia – shirt
la maglietta – t-shirt
la giacca – jacket
la cintura – belt
i pantaloni – trousers
i calzini – socks
le scarpe – shoes
l’orologio – watch
Italian Vocabulary: Taste of Italy
This lesson will extend your knowledge of Italian words for food.
La salute – Health
catarro – catarrh
febbre – fever
la medicina – medicine
la farmacia – pharmacy
il dottore – doctor
Italian Vocabulary: School and Studying
If you’re studying Italian in a language school, you’ll need these nouns and
verbs below.
il banco – desk
la sedia – chair
il quaderno – notebook
il libro – book
la mensa – canteen
la penna – pen
la matita – pencil
leggere – to read
scrivere – to write
imparare – to learn
parlare – to speak
contare – to count
cantare – to sing
The Weather
This lesson is about Italian words for describing the weather. Take care to
identify which words are verbs, nouns and adjectives…
Il tempo – weather
piovere – to rain
la pioggia – rain
nevicare – to snow
la neve – snow
il sole – sun
il vento – wind
la nebbia – fog
la nuvola – cloud
1.F Divertente
AAperto
2.
BelloBSimpatico
3.
MagroCGrasso
4.
TimidoDBasso
5.
AntipaticoEBruttino
6.
CarinoFNoioso
7.
AltoGBrutto
8.
GrandeHPiccolo
prepositions, ‘a’ or ‘in’?
This lesson is about the different use of the prepositions ‘a’ and ‘in’ in
Italian grammar. Let’s start with the preposition ‘a’, which means ‘to’ *
(movement) or ‘in’ if it indicates location (cities and places).
Examples:
Abito a Roma, ma ora sono a Venezia. (I live in Rome, but now I’m in
Venice.)
* We generally use the preposition ‘a’ with the infinite form of the verbs
and with names of cities and minor islands.
Examples:
Examples:
In Inghilterra bevi tè tutti i giorni. (In England you drink tea every day.)
Here are a few of the nouns before which we use the preposition ‘in’:
Careful!
When talking about someone’s house or place of work, you use the
preposition ‘da’ plus the name of the owner.
Vado da Sara per il weekend. (I’m going to Sara’s place for the weekend.)
Examples:
“C’è” is the short form of “ci è”, while “ci sono” is the plural form and they
state the presence or existence of someone or something.
Examples:
C’è troppo zucchero nel mio caffè. (There is too much sugar in my coffee.)
Ci sono molte ragioni per partire. (There are many reasons to leave.)
C’è qualcuno in cucina? (Is there someone in the kitchen?)
To express negation, you just need to put the particle NON before “c’è / ci
sono”.
Examples:
Non ci sono penne nell’astuccio. (There aren’t any pens in the pencil case.)
DEFINITE ARTICLES
Use articles il (singular) and i (plural) for masculine nouns that start with a
consonant.
Words that begin with x, y, z and with the groups gn, pn, ps, s + consonant
need the articles lo (singular) and gli (plural)
Examples:
Examples:
For both the masculine and feminine gender, you need to be careful with
singular nouns which start with a vowel, as the article is elided and written
with an apostrophe: lo/la → l’
Examples:
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
Unlike with definite articles, the indefinite article is only used with singular
nouns and so only changes according to the gender.
un treno (a train)
However, with words starting with x, y, z and the groups gn, pn, ps, sc you
have to use the article uno.
Examples:
The article una is used for feminine singular nouns starting with a
consonant.
Examples:
Examples:
I’m assuming here that you have little or no experience of learning foreign
languages. If that’s not the case, feel free to skip ahead!
Verbs have different forms for each “person”, for example in English the
verb “to be” conjugates “I am” “You are” “He is” and so on.
The infinitive in Italian ends with “-are”, “-ere” or “-ire”, for example:
“essere” (to be). There’s no “to”, just the suffix at the end.
But when beginning Italian (and other foreign languages) you need to learn
how to conjugate quite a number of verb forms before being able to say or
understand even the simplest things. It’s quite hard at first, but easier later.
So, let’s begin. But first, just to be sure, what do we mean by “conjuage” a
verb?
I am, You are, He/She/It is, We are, You (this is the plural “you”) are, They
are
As you can see, the singular come first. “I” & “You” are called the first
person and the second person. The third person is the “He/She/It”.
In Italian the verb “to be” is “Essere” and it looks like this:
You can see that there’s more variation than in English. Each of the 6 forms
is different. For the third person singular (he/she/it) in Italian there’s no it,
just he/she.
But there is an extra form, which has a capital letter, “Lei”. Italians use it
when they’re being formal, no matter if the “third person” is male or
female. So, while your brother is a “lui” and your sister a “lei”, your male or
female teachers would both be “Lei”, at least if you want to be respectful.
It’s the same with the plural “loro” is “they”, “Loro” if being formal. More
on that in another lesson.
So, what do you need to learn about verbs in order to speak and understand
Italian?
1.) The prounouns:
2.) The present tense form for the three types of regular verbs, plus the
most frequent irregular verbs
Some things we say in English, you don’t usually need to bother with when
speaking Italian.
Notice anything missing in the Italian version? You don’t need to use the
pronoun “io” in Italian (or any other pronoun) unless you want to
emphasise who you’re talking about. Why? Because in Italian the
conjugation of the verb makes it obvious you mean “io”.
2. Another good thing: Italian has various present tenses, but they don’t
seem to get used much. So if you know how to say “Vado” (I go), that’s good
also to mean “I’m going” or even “I will go” most of the time.
What to do now
In this course, we’ll give you verbs a few at a time, starting with the most
important ones, and the ones that demonstrate the regular patterns. But
you need to put the effort in to memorise them!
essere – to be
avere – to have
io ho, tu hai, lui/lei/Lei ha, noi abbiamo, voi avete, loro/Loro hanno
fare – to do
io faccio, tu fai, lui/lei/Lei fa, noi facciamo, voi fate, loro/Loro fanno
volere – to want
parlare – to speak
abitare – to live
lavorare – to work
prendere – to take
preferire – to prefer
But however you do it, come back to them again the day after, then again a
Reflexive verbs are more common in Italian than in English – verbs which
in English are too “obvious” to be used in the reflexive form (wake up, get
up, wash, clean your teeth, and so on..) do need the reflexive form in Italian.
So, for example, in Italian you might “suicide yourself”, absurd as it sounds
in English!
* Many Italian verbs have reflexive forms. You can recognise them because
they end in “-si”. For example:
When you use a reflexive verb you have to put the correct reflexive
pronoun before the verbs.
tu – ti
lui/lei/Lei – si
noi – ci
voi – vi
loro – si
(io) mi sveglio
(tu) ti svegli
(lui/lei/Lei) si sveglia
(noi) ci svegliamo
(voi) vi svegliate
(loro/Loro) si svegliano
(io) mi alzo
(tu) ti alzi
(lui/lei/Lei) si alza
(noi) ci alziamo
(voi) vi alzate
Regular Verbs
dormire – to sleep
io dormo
tu dormi
lui/lei/Lei dorme
noi dormiamo
voi dormite
loro/Loro dormono
mangiare – to eat
io mangio
tu mangi
lui/lei/Lei mangia
noi mangiamo
voi mangiate
loro/Loro mangiano
Irregular Verbs
andare – to go
io vado
tu vai
lui/lei/Lei va
noi andiamo
voi andate
loro/Loro vanno
uscire – to go out
io esco
tu esci
lui/lei/Lei esce
noi usciamo
voi uscite
loro/Loro escono
giocare – to play
io gioco
tu giochi
lui/lei/Lei gioca
noi giochiamo
voi giocate
loro/Loro giocano
pagare – to pay
io pago
tu paghi
lui/lei/Lei
noi paghiamo
voi pagate
loro/Loro pagano
leggere – to read
io leggo
tu leggi
lui/lei/Lei legge
noi leggiamo
voi leggete
loro/Loro leggono
io posso
tu puoi
lui/lei/Lei può
noi possiamo
voi potete
loro/Loro possono
venire – to come
io vengo
tu vieni
lui/lei/Lei viene
noi veniamo
voi venite
loro/Loro vengono