A.

KINESIOLOGY OF HUMAN
KINESIOLOGY – in physical education, it is also known as orthopedics,
athletic training, and physical therapy and medicine. Hence, it is the
study of human body movements to provide information from the
point of view of physical science.
ANATOMICAL – It is the body structure of living things. Thus, it is used
to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton.

BASIC ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS

● FLEXION AND EXTENSION

FLEXION – Is the bending of an arm or leg. Technically, it's a physical

position that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at a
joint. It occurs when muscles contract and move your bones and joints
into a bent position. Example of this is when you are in a sitting
position.
EXTENSION – describes as straightening movement that increases the
angle between body parts. For example, when standing up, the knees
are extended

● ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION AND
CIRCUMDUCTION

ABDUCTION – moves the limb

away from the midline of the
body laterally. Example, raising
the arm laterally and move it
away from the body.

ADDUCTION – is the opposite of

abduction. Thus, it is the
movement of the body toward
the body’s midline. Example, if a
 person has their arms straight out at the shoulders and brings
them down to their sides
CIRCUMDUCTION – is the movement of a body region in a circular
manner. It involves the sequential combination of flexion, adduction,
extension, and abduction at a joint.

● ROTATION

   ROTATION – it is a ring-
shape or a circular motion of
a whole or some parts of
the body around the center
or point of rotation.
 ● SUPINATION AND PRONATION

SUPINATION – A movement of the forearm from the prone position to

supine position or facing upward position of your palm.
PRONATION – A motion that moves the forearm from the supine
position to the palm backward position.
SUPINE – Whole or some parts of your body lying
down facing upward.
PRONE – Whole or some parts of your body lying down
facing downward.
 ● DORSIFLEXION AND PLANTAR FLEXION

DORSIFLEXION – it is the movement of the ankle joint lifting the front

of the foot that allows the top of the foot moves upward.
PLANTAR FLEXION – likewise is a movement of the ankle joint lifting
the heel of the foot from the ground and pointing the toes downward.

● INVERSION AND EVERSION

INVERSION – a reversal of position that turns the foot to angle the
bottom toward the midline.

EVERSION – the condition of the foot being rotated outward.

 ● PROTRACTION AND RETRACTION

PROTRACTION – the act of

protracting of the scapula when
the shoulder is moved forward as
when throwing a ball.

RETRACTION – the scapula is being

pulled back posteriorly towards the
vertebral column.

●
DEPRESSION AND

ELEVATION
 ELEVATION – the movement of the scapula and
shoulder upward.

DEPRESSION – it is the movement of the scapula

and shoulder downward elevation.

● EXCURSION
EXCURSION – the movement of the mandible
laterally.
a. LATERAL
EXCURSION –
movement of the
mandible away
from the midline
towards right or left side.
b. MEDIAL EXCURSION – movement where in the
mandible is being returned to its resting position.

● OPPOSITION AND REPOSITION

OPPOSITION – it is the movement of the thumb that brings the tip
in contact with the tip of the finger.

REPOSITION – it is the returning of the thumb to its anatomical

position next to the index finger.