LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Logical Framework
for Project Planning
(ITTO Guideline)

Yongyut Trisurat

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

4-Ms
• M1 – Man
• M2 – Material
• M3 – Money
• M4 - Method

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

What is Logical Framework?

Logical Framework (LF) or Log-Frame is a

management tool mainly used in the design,
monitoring and evaluation of development
projects.

The Logical Framework Approach is a project design

methodology;
the LogFrame is a document.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_framework_approach

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
What is Project?
• A concreted effort directed at the
achievement of a specific objective and
related to wider development objectives
which are beyond their own immediate
purpose; clearly identified performance, time
and cost.

• Project identification – solve a particular

problems (s) which affect the objectives of
organization

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

A first few steps of LogFrame are:

• situation analysis
• stakeholder analysis
• problems analysis

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Problem Analysis
• Identify constraints or problems affecting
the tropical forestry sectors and to define
preliminarily the problem to be tackled

Main Steps
• Define the framework or subject of
analysis (what are the problems?)
• Do a stakeholder analysis
• Develop “problem-tree”

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Situation analysis

• describes the problem situation in detail,

identifies the stakeholders and describes
the effects of the problems on them

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Stand of tropical timber consequence

species reduced

Seed for restoration are Sectoral level

not available Key-problem

Imported seeds of good quality of

a reasonable cost are not available
cause

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Deep problem analysis – better
understanding
• Stock of timber for export is reduced.
• Good quality seeds for reforestation are
not available.
• The capacity is weak.
• 20% of total seeds – exotic species
• Imported seeds of exotic species are
expensive.

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 Problem-trees
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Reduction of timber resource base is decreasing

income from export of 20% in 5 yrs

Seeds for reforestation

are not available

The quantity of local seeds The quality of local seeds Cost of imported
is not sufficient (0.5 ton/year) is not assured. Seeds is high.

Local capacity (collect,

store, etc) is weak.

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Stakeholder or Participation
Analysis
• This stage is an analysis of the people,
groups, or organizations who may
influence or be influenced by the problem
or a potential solution to the problem

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 Objective
LOGICAL Analysis
FRAMEWORK
Transform problems into objectives (negative to positive)

Good timber resource base provides income

END from exports on a sustainable basis.

Seeds for reforestation are available.

Production of high quality local and exotic

seeds increased by 20% within 2 years

Nat. seed center is established

Means and operated by year 2000

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Analysis of strategies (feasible)

• Minimum cost
• Lesser risk
• Minimum time to achieve the expected
objectives

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
The Relevance of Project Idea
• Fit into national priorities
• Comply with Org’s objectives
• Technical and scientific info support
• Rationale for project strategies
• Target beneficial
• Risk assessment
• Relevant impact (environment/economic)

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
The LogFrame takes the form of a 4 x 4 project table.
Project Indicators Means of Assumptions
elements verification
Development
objective

Specific
objective
Outputs

Activities

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 WhereFRAMEWORK
LOGICAL is the logic?
The vertical logic is the hierarchy of objectives of
the project.

The horizontal logic is rather more involved. For

a given level of objective (equivalent to a
horizontal row of cells) the horizontal logic
describes:
• how the achievement of the objective will be
measured or verified
• how this information will be obtained
• what are the external factors that could prevent
the project manager and staff from achieving the
next level objective.

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

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 Development
LOGICAL Objective &
FRAMEWORK
Specific objective

Precious timber resource Devl objective:

base provides income Overall objective that contribute to
from exports on a sustainable devl. of forestry sector
At higher level
sustainable basis

Seeds for reforestation Specific objective (s):

with precious timber 1-2 objectives expected to
improve the present situation
species are available (concrete & achievable)

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

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 Outputs
LOGICAL & Activities
FRAMEWORK

• Physical infra. Upgraded Outputs:

• Lab. Established & operated Statement to describe finished
• NSC mgt plan prepared or completed results: clear, past
• Personnel trained, etc Tense, at least 2 outputs/obj.

• Preparation of training program Activities:

• Editing training material Actions or tasks to be undertaken
• Implementation of class training in order to achieve the outputs
• Implementation of field training

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Development
Development Objective
Objective

Project elements
Specific
Specific Objective (s)
Objective (s)

Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Outputs

Activity 1.1 Activity 2.1 Activity 3.1

Activity 1.2 Activity 2.2 Activity 3.2

Activities
Activity 1.3 Activity 2.3 Activity 3.3

Activity 1.4 Activity 2.4 Activity 3.4

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Inputs
Output 4 Inputs

Act 4.1: Preparation of 2 MM training consultant

training program 1 return ticket to UK
2 MM local Uni. staff
Act 4.2: Editing training Printing cost of 250 manuals
material
Act 4.3: Implement class 1 MM local Uni. staff
training
Act 4.4: Implement field Purchase of harvesting
training equip.

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

• Assumptions. Assumptions are external

factors that it is believed could influence
(positively or negatively) the events
described in the narrative column

Killer assumption: modify project strategies

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Indicators
• Describe in measurable terms the situation
which shall happen if Development
Objective, Specific Objective and outputs are
achieved.
– Quantity; Quality; Beneficial
– Time; place
5 exotic species; 10,000 ha

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 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Means of Verification
• Sources of information for the indicators

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