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Pile foundations (Lecture-6)

Pile load capacity from field penetration tests:

Bearing capacity of piles in granular soils based on SPT value: Meyerhof (1956) suggests
the following equations for single piles in granular soils based on SPT values.
For displacement piles,
𝑄𝑢 = 𝑄𝑝 + 𝑄𝑠
𝐿 ′
= 40𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 (𝑑) 𝐴𝑃 + 2𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑠

For bored piles,


𝑄𝑢 = 𝑄𝑝 + 𝑄𝑠

= 133𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑃 + 0.67𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑠

Where,
𝑄𝑢 = Ultimate total load in kN
𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 = Average corrected SPT value below pile tip

𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 = Corrected average SPT value along the pile shaft
𝐴𝑃 = Base area of pile in m2
𝐴𝑠 = Surface area of shaft in m2

Bearing capacity of piles based on static cone penetration tests (SCPT value): For
cohesionless soil, point bearing resistance of pile,
𝑄𝑝 = 𝑞𝑝 𝐴𝑝
Where,
𝑞𝑝 = Average cone point resistance over a depth 4d, where, d is the diameter of pile.

For cohesionless soil, skin friction resistance of pile shaft, by Meyerhof,


For displacement piles,
𝑄𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 𝐴𝑠
Where,
𝑞′
𝑓𝑠 = 2𝑐 (kPa)
Where,
𝑞𝑐′ = Average cone point resistance in kg/cm2 over the length of pile shaft under
consideration.

Schmertmann's Method for Cohesionless and Cohesive Soils: Schmertmann (1978 )


recommends one procedure for all types of soil for computing the point bearing capacity of piles.
However, for computing side friction, Schmertmann gives two different approaches, one for sand
and one for clay soils .

Point Bearing Capacity 𝑄𝑝 in all types of soil:


𝑄𝑝 = 𝑞𝑝 𝐴𝑝
(𝑞𝑐1 + 𝑞𝑐2)
+ 𝑞𝑐3
2
𝑞𝑝 = 2

Where,
𝑞𝑐1 = Average cone point resistance below the tip of pile over a depth which may vary
between 0.7d and 4d, where, d = diameter of pile,
𝑞𝑐1 = Minimum cone point resistance recorded below the pile tip over the same depth 0.7d
and 4d
𝑞𝑐3 = Average of the envelop of minimum cone resistance recorded above the pile tip to a
height of 8d.

Figure: Pile capacity by us e of CPT values

Ultimate skin friction load 𝑄𝑠 in Cohesionless soil:

Ultimate skin friction load 𝑄𝑠 in Cohesive soil:

𝑄𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = α′ 𝑓𝑐 𝐴𝑠

Where,
α′ = Ratio of pile to penetrometer sleeve friction
𝑓𝑐 = Average sleeve friction
𝐴𝑠 = Pile to soil contact area

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