Cayago, April M.

Gunio, Jeric Dale H.

Malabed, Maria Ferliza C.
BRUSSELS
• January 28, 1890 – Rizal left Paris, France and moved to Brussels, the
capital city of Belgium.
• Jose Alejandrino – Rizal roommate in Brussels.
• Jose Rizal suffered in financial difficulties and when it got worse, Rizal
wanted to return to the Philippines.
• June of 1890 – Rizal wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce stating his desire
to go home. Raid said “I have not received anything from the
Philippines, that is why I am thinking of going back there as soon as
possible and may God say what will happen next.”
BRUSSELS

• Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce – are the ompatriots of Rizal
who extended their invitation for Rizal to move to Madrid.
• Paciano (brother of Rizal) – gave Rizal instructions to proceed to
Madrid.
In Madrid – Rizal’s Temper was being tested.
• August 1890 – Rizal arrived in Madrid, Spain and attended a reunion of
Filipinos.
1st incident:
• Antonio Luna – while drunk, he insulted Rizal for his failure to win the
heart of Nellie Boustead. The infuriated Rizal challenge Luna to a fencing
duel.
2nd incident:
• Wenceslao Retana – a Spanish scholar who was hired by Catholic
corporations to neutralize the La Solidaridad in Madrid. Rizal challenged
him to a duel to the death. Retana knew that Rizal was an expert shooter
and a good swordsman, he then apologized through a published article.
THE SADDEST EVENTS THAT RIZAL RECEIVED
AND EXPERIENCED WHILE HE IS IN MADRID
• May 1890 – Rizal was informed of the Royal Audiencia’s decision on the
Calamba Hacienda case.
• September 1890 – Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina of the
sad events that overtook their family in Calamba.
Saturnina informed Rizal about:
1. His brother-in-laws were again arrested and deported to Mindoro.
2. She also informed Rizal of the eviction of the entire family including his
father Don Francisco who was then 78 years old in their old house in
Calamba.
• Rizal then expressed his loss of hope in Spain through writing a letter to
Blumentritt.
• Don Manuel Becerra – a Spanish politician, Rizal seek his help.
• Rizal also thought of seeking the help of Queen Regent Maria Cristina
but Rizal had no influential friends to help him.
• December 1890 – Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera informing
him of her impending marriage to an Englishman named Charles
Henry Kipping.
• Leonor Rivera – was arranged by her mother to marry him on June
17, 1891.
RIZAL’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE LA
SOLIDARIDAD
• Cobordo Venganza (Cowardly Revenge)
August 31, 1890 – Rizal expressed his bitterness over how the Spanish
government in the Philippines treated his two brothers-in-law and his
elder brother Paciano.
• Como Se Gobiernan las Filipinas (How the Philippines is Governed)
Rizal explained that the Spanish government ruling the country is itself
the real cause of the problem.
• F. PI. Y Margall: el Luchar Tiempo Nuestro (F. PI. Y Margall: The
Struggle of Our Time)
November 15, 1890 – book review of Rizal
MASONIC SPEECH IN MADRID
• January 1889 – Rizal was made Honorary President of the La
Solidaridad Association

• Masoneria (Masonry) – A lecture prepared and read by Jose Rizal for

members of the La Solidaridad (Lodge No. 53 in 1889, in Madrid)

• Rizal discussed the fundamental foundations of Masonry (Science,

Virtue and Labor).
BIARRITZ AND BRUSSELS
• February 1891 – before proceeding to Ghent, Rizal took a one-month
vacation at Biarritz, France where he was received well by the
Boustead family.
• Mr. Boustead – admired Rizal for his excellent literary talents
• Nelly Boustead – the younger daughter of the Boustead couple was
romantically linked to Rizal.
THE MAKING OF THE EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• July 1891 – Jose Rizal, together with Jose Alejandrino and Edilberto
Evangelista left Brussels and moved to Ghent, Belgium where
printing was cheaper.
• Alejandrino and Evangelista – also enrolled and studied in the
famous University of Ghent, taking up courses in the field of
Engineering.
VALENTINE VENTURA FUNDS EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
• Rizal was already desperate in resuming the printing of El Filibusterismo when a compatriot from
Paris, France learned about his financial problems. Valentine Ventura saved El Filibusterismo.
Ventura sent Rizal 200 francs and asked that he be informed if Rizal needed more money.
• Rizal stayed at Henegouwenstraat in Ghent while waiting for the printing of El Filibusterismo. He
shared his lodging with Jose Alejandrino.
• The book was printed in the printing house of Mr. F. Meyer – Van Loo, Vlaanderenstraat, 66
Ghent.
• Rizal sent a copies of the El Fili to blumentritt, the Filipinos in Paris, Madrid and Barcelona.
• The original copy of the Noli and El Fili were dedicated to Ferdinand Blumentritt.
• September 1891 – Rizal finally published the novel El filibusterismo which he began writing in
June 1887.
• The novel was a sequel to Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere.
• El Filibusterismo – combines romance and revolution which made Rizal somehow a radical,
separatist and revolutionary.
CHARACTERS OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• Simoun – The Ibarra of the Noli, now represents new ideas using his wealth and influence to destroy the government by
encouraging corruption and anomalous acts, to attain his plan of a revolution that later failed.
• Maria Clara – She never had Simoun in her life, and after all the suffering and pains, she had gone through for 13 years, Maria
Clara in the novel finally died in the nunnery.
• Basilio – the son of Sisa who finished his medical studies through the financial support of Capitan Tiago.
• Isagani – known in the novel as the poet who played the role of young student, whose idealism for the country is manifested in his
action. However, due to his love to Paulita, he aborted the plan of Simoun.
• Paulita Gomez or also known as Paula Gomez – the love of Isagani in the novel, who represent one side of the Filipina womanhood
in Philippine Society. Her presence in the wedding feast changed the plan of Simoun, due to the intervention of Isagani of throwing
the destructive lamp outside.
• Cabesang Tales – Represented the tenants of Calamba he was stripped of his land by the friars, disillusioned, he became an outlaw
to attain personal revenged. Her daughter Juli the love of Basilio, committed suicide to her honor against the catholic priest Fr.
Camorra.
• School Master – He disobeyed the orders of the friars and thaught Spanish to his students; later he was jailed and freed from
influence of Simoun on whom he will give his loyalty by supporting his plan of revolt.
• Juli – the love of Basilio, committed suicide to herhonor against the catholic priest Fr. Camorra.
• Father Camorra – the priest who took advantage of Juli.
REACTIONS TO EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• October 2, 1891 – Graciano Lopez Jaena “El Filibusterismo is a
superior novel to your Noli Me Tangere…”

• October 11, 1891 – Mariano Ponce stated in his letter “It is truly
excellent; I cannot find any other praise...”
HONG KONG
• Rizal proceeded to Hong Kong where he was reunited with his family.
• October 18, 1891 – Rizal left Europe where he said the following
words; “Well, we close the last page of the book of Europe, Spain,
France, Italy, Germany, Swetzerland, Belgium, Austria, England,; Good
Bye.
 -END-
-THANK YOU-
• SOURCES:

• Books: Life, Works and Writings of Rizal. Author: Capacio, J.G, Corpuz, R.P., Hilario, G.C.,
Hermogenes, M.C., Palado, D.R., Reyes, C.DM., De Silva, A.R., (2018). PandayLahi
Publishing House,Inc.