ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental or neurological disorder where it causes a

person to have problems with communicating, behaving, and socializing. Like when

individuals with ASD encounter social interaction, they have trouble making eye contact.

2. The ages to show signs of ASD is between two to three years old.

3. The characteristics of students with ASD be obsessed with objects that move, becoming

frustrated when their daily routines change, and more sensitive to noises in the

environment they are in.

4. The impact students with ASD have on education is having trouble with creativity,

interacting with other students, and struggle with verbal communication.

5. The intervention options are working in pairs and giving them a break whenever they

start getting frustrated.

6. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) helps students with autism to

improve their communication and becoming independent. Students are given and taught

to use a communication device for both school and home whenever they need something.

7. Lifelong impacts or effects of students with ASD are experiencing anxiety, depression,

struggling with learning life skills such as brushing their teeth and heavily depending on

others.

8. How to assess a student with ASD is the student being monitored by their parents or

guardians to see if they avoid eye contact, little interest in other kids their age, and

showing limited communication.

9. Accommodations include a visual aid, routines being well structured, receiving help from

their teachers, and visual aid.

 Sources: Autism, PDD-NOS & Asperger's fact sheets | Effects of Autism on education and

school, NIMH » Autism Spectrum Disorder, Screening and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum

Disorder | CDC, Tips for Using Assistive Technology Devices | Autism Speaks, What Is Autism

Spectrum Disorder?, What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? | CDC

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is one of the most common

disorders students developed during their childhood. It causes them to struggle with

paying attention, doing an action without thinking, and being very active. Like

daydreaming a lot and talking too much.

2. The symptoms or first signs of ADHD begin when the student is before the age of

twelve years old but can show as early as the age of three years old.

3. Characteristics of students with ADHD are failing to pay very close attention to

details, not listening, and easily distracted. As well as interrupting the person who is

asking a question and interrupting conversations.

4. The impact ADHD has on education is daily report cards, discouraging bad

behaviors, and encouraging academic participation.

5. Intervention options for students with this disorder or disability are training their

social skills, behavior, and family therapies.

6. Different forms of technical assistance are electronic math worksheet software,

talking calculators, and audiobooks.

7. ADHD will cause difficulty in the work field, relationships such as marriage, and

become very extreme as students become older.

8. How to assess for a student with ADHD is when the student is in constant motion,

loses things, does not want to listen, and refuse to complete tasks.

9. Accommodations needed for them is getting extra time on tests, allowing breaks to

move around, and assignments fitting their disorder.

Sources: ADHD in the Classroom | CDC, ADHD/ADD Tests for Diagnosis: Medical Testing,

Scales, & Psychological Criteria, Assistive Technology for ADHD: School Tools and Software,

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo

Clinic, Diagnosing ADD / ADHD: How Doctors Assess Children and Adults, What is ADHD? |

CDC

Behavioral Disorders

1. A pattern of difficulty to control their actions but causes problems for teachers

and parents. Examples of this disorder are drug use, criminal activity, and

inattention. More examples of behavioral disorders are Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and

Conduct Disorder (CD).

2. While there is not an age of when CD begins in a person and ADHD has been

covered in this resource guide, let us talk about what age ODD begins. The age

for students with ODD starts before they turn eight years old; however, cannot be

older than twelve years old.

3. Students with behavioral disorders can be easily annoyed, appear upset, blaming

others for their mistakes, do not want to follow any type of rule, and throwing

temper tantrums. Students who do not want to follow any rule or listening to

someone like a teacher can cause language difficulties because they will not learn
 a new language or how to speak if they refuse to listen. Also, they will become

frustrated if he or she cannot understand what to say for a speech.

4. Behavioral disorders have an impact on education because students can interrupt

the entire classroom or teacher, falling behind in their classes, and causing trouble

to other students.

5. Intervention options for students with behavioral disorders include routines, silent

signals, quiet corrections, giving him or her a task, and positive phrasing.

6. Available forms of assistive technology for students with behavioral disorders

receive reminder devices, a talking light, voice recognition, and text-to-speech

software.

7. Lifelong impacts on students with behavioral disorders will also have autism,

ADHD, Eating Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety

Disorder, or Panic Disorder.

8. To assess a student with a behavioral disorder they must be tested in the ODD

diagnoses which include arguing with adults, being angry, and resentful. For

Conduct Disorder, children must show aggressive, destructive, and deceitful

behaviors and violating rules.

9. Accommodations for students with behavior or behavioral disorders are sitting

next to someone who is a positive role model, clear daily defined rules, and

expectations for their behavior. As well as keeping their materials somewhere else

other than their desk.

Sources: 9 Examples of Positive Behavior Support & Interventions | Kickboard,

Addressing Behavioral Disorders in the Classroom | Support & Resources, Assistive

Technology to Help Students with Behavioral Disabilities Succeed Academically - The

 Edvocate, Behavior or Conduct Problems in Children | CDC, Behavioral

Accommodations, Behavioral Disorder Symptoms, Causes, and Effects -

PsychGuides.com, Behavioral Disorders | MentalHealth.gov, Mental Health & Behavioral

Disorders | Children's National Hospital, Testing & Diagnosis for Disruptive Behavior

Disorders in Children | Boston Children's Hospital, Conduct Disorder: Symptoms, Causes,

Diagnosis, Treatment, ODD: Diagnosis | Child Mind Institute

Communication Disorder

1. A communication disorder is a disorder that makes the student not have the

ability is verbally talk, receive communication, and lose hearing. Depending

on how severe the disorder is.

2. The age onset of communication disorder depends on what type of

communication disorder the student has been diagnosed with. Like

Childhood-onset fluency disorder begins in their childhood, so between the

ages of two and seven. Social communication disorder starts to show in a

child between the ages of three to eighteen years old. Language disorder or

used to be known as Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder age range

or onset occurs in children under the age of three years. Developmental

Expressive Language Disorder begins when the baby is fifteen months old.

Finally, speech sound disorders do not occur until a child is four of age.

3. Students with communication disorder struggle with picking a word to say,

having trouble with understanding sounds, or when someone is making a

speech.
4. The impact of education on students with this disadvantage are unavailable to

speak, not having a very broad choice of words, and trouble naming objects.

5. The options of intervention are having the student see experts who can help

them communicate better like a speech-language pathologist. Having them see

a counselor is another option and letting people at the school know such as

teachers, faculty staff, and the principal.

6. Students with a communication disorder or disorder will receive technical

assistance. These assistances are assistive listening devices, augmentative and

alternative communication devices, and even alerting devices.

7. The lifelong impact of communication disorders like Social Communication

disorder is a lifelong condition. Sadly, students with this type of

communication disorder will have trouble communicating, not understanding

sarcasm, and struggle with using an appropriate greeting.

8. One of the ways to assess a student with a communication disorder is a

screening test. Children in a certain age group will be evaluated to see if they

have a communication disorder or not by receiving reports of their behavior

by parents, having a professional observe them, or sometimes a combination

of both.

9. The accommodations for students with communication will have a laptop or a

desktop with an LED display to show them the words, a printer so they can

print out and read what they typed or saw on the monitor. The computer will

have a voice synthesized to help them understand instructions or help to better

understand what they are reading, and pointing at simple words like yes or no.
 Sources: Assistive Devices for People with Hearing or Speech Disorders | NIDCD,

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder | Psychology Today, Communication Disorders in

Children: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | St. Louis Childrens

Hospital, Definitions of Communication Disorders and Variations, Developmental

Expressive Language Disorder (DELD), Language Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and

Treatment, Social communication disorder: 3-18 years | Raising Children Network,

Speech Sound Disorders, Students with Speech Impairments | Disability Services |

Allegheny College, What Is Social Communication Disorder?

Intellectual Disabilities

1. Intellectual disability or used to be called mental retardation is the ability

to lack everyday skills. Individuals with intellectual disabilities learn new

things more slowly than the average person. For example, when there is a

new math problem a student with this disability will take time to solve it

than his or her peers.

2. Intellectual disabilities begin right before the age of eighteen. This means

it can occur at any age from infancy to seventeen years old.

3. Children with intellectual disabilities will start walking later than the other

kids, struggle to speak and problems solving, or not understanding social

rules.

4. The education impact on a student with an intellectual disability is

unavailable to think logically, having trouble to say what they want or

need, and cannot describe how are they feeling.

 5. Intervention options for students with intellectual disabilities can be a

feedback book on how they are doing, playing music to help them to be

motivated to learn, and teaching them visually or showing them visual

examples.

6. Technology assistants that help students with intellectual disabilities are

websites with audiobooks like audible, Co: writer Universal software

where they can use the speech recognition feature, and VisionBoard

Keyboard where it displays a keyboard with big enough keys and a lot of

space between them.

7. Intellectual disabilities are a lifetime condition impact where it affects the

individual’s everyday routines like struggling to get dressed and brushing

their teeth.

8. There is a type of monitoring called developmental monitoring where

doctors can monitor for any developmental delays and report them back to

the parents if there are any. Then, once the doctors discover a problem

from the monitoring, developmental screening starts. This screening will

help determine the child has an intellectual disability. The child will be

tested if he or she can learn and do basic skills without any delays. If there

is a delay, the conclusion is the child has it.

9. Students with intellectual disabilities receive extra time to complete

assignments and tests, can be given a copy of notes, tutoring, and being

placed in a small group for in-class activities.

 Sources: 7 Cool Assistive Technologies Driving Accessibility for Intellectual

Disabilities, Children with Intellectual Disabilities - HealthyChildren.org, Facts

About Developmental Disabilities | CDC, How To Teach Students with

Intellectual Disabilities, Intellectual Disabilities, Intellectual Disability (Mental

Retardation): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments, Students with an Intellectual

Disability (5 Methods to Help) - Classful, What is the impact of living with

intellectual disability and a mental health condition? - Mental health and

psychosocial disability