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HEAT TRANSFER

FREE ONLINE REVIEW – June 27, 2020 (via Zoom and FB live)
www.educspace.com I facebook.com/LearnAtEducspace/
Email: feedback@educspace.com

These practice problems were used during the #FREE Live Online Review offered by #Educspace on June 27,
2020, via the Zoom webinar. It is also highly recommended that students watch the relevant lectures and
problem solving available @ www.educspace.com. Some addition problems are also available @
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbkTcZzb4BmxfrSQ2kXi5JW-RKnfOCzdH

HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS SET – SOLUTION

CONDUCTION:

1. The wall of a house is 7 m wide and 6 m high is made from 0.3 m thick brick with 𝑘 = 0.6 W/m-K. The
surface temperature inside of the wall is 16oC and that on the outside is 6oC. Find the heat flux through the
wall and the total heat loss through it.
A. 𝑞=25 W/m2 and 𝑄=750 W
B. 𝑞=20 W/m2 and 𝑄=840 W
C. 𝑞=20 W/m2 and 𝑄=650 W
D. 𝑞=20 W/m2 and 𝑄=740 W

Answer is B

2. Consider a solid cylindrical rod of length 0.15 m and diameter 0.05 m. The top and bottom surfaces of
the rod are maintained at constant temperatures of 20°C and 95°C, respectively, while the side surface is
perfectly insulated. Determine the rate of heat transfer through the rod if it is made of (a) copper, k =380
W/m · K, (b) aluminum, 237 W/m · K, (c) steel, k =18 W/m · K
A. (a) 373.1 W, (b) 17.7 W, and (c) 1.2 W
B. (a) 251.3 W, (b) 25.8 W, and (c) 3.5 W
C. (a) 852.2 W, (b) 16.5 W, and (c) 1.2 W
D. (a) 373.1 W, (b) 19.2 W, and (c) 1.2 W
Answer is A

3. A laminated wall is made up to 0.1 m thickness with k = 3 kcal-m/hr-m2-K. It has two insulations on each
side of it with 0.10 m thickness with k = 1.2 kcal-m/hr-m2-K. The effective surface area of wall is 1.5 m2 and
temperature difference is 600K, then the heat transfer rate is _________.
A. 4500 kcal/hr
B. 992 kcal/hr
C. 8810 kcal/hr
D. 81.8 kcal/hr

Ans: A
4. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the wall as shown in the figure below is __________. Consider
L1=L2.
Q
𝑘1 𝑘2

𝐿1 𝐿2
𝑘1 + 𝑘2
A. 2
𝑘 𝑘
B. 𝑘 1+ 𝑘2
1 2
2𝑘1 𝑘2
C.
𝑘1 + 𝑘2
D. √𝑘1 𝑘2

Answer is C

5. Heat flows through a composite slab as shown in the figure. The depth of the slab is 1 m. The values of
𝑘 are in W/m-K. The overall thermal resistance in K/W is __________.
k2 = 0.1 x=0.5 m
k1 = 0.02
k3 = 0.04 x=0.5 m

x=0.5 m x=0.25 m
A. 17.2
B. 21.9
C. 28.6
D. 39.2

Answer is C

6. An electrically heated brick house (k = 0.40 Btu/h · ft · R) whose walls are 9 ft high and 1 ft thick. Two of
the walls of the house are 40 ft long and the others are 30 ft long. The house is maintained at 70°F at all
times while the temperature of the outdoors varies. On a certain day, the temperature of the inner surface
of the walls is measured to be at 55°F while the average temperature of the outer surface is observed to
remain at 45°F during the day for 12 h and at 35°F at night for 12 h. Determine the amount of heat
transferred from the house (considering the walls only) that day and the cost of that heat loss to the
homeowner for an electricity price of $0.1/kWh.
A. 321,440 Btu; $ 6.32
B. 181,440 Btu; $ 7.45
C. 181,440 Btu; $ 4.32
D. 181,440 Btu; $ 5.32

Answer is D
7. A 1-meter length wire is kept is a hollow tube having radius of 8-cm and thermal conductivity
0.2 W/m-K. Diameter of wire is 1 cm and electric current flows through 𝐼𝑜 = 0.5 A, 𝑉1 = 10 V, 𝑉2 =
4 V. Find the temperature of the wire if 𝑇𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 20oC?

𝐼𝑜

A. 28.2oC
B. 35.8oC
C. 32.2oC
D. 24.9oC
Answer is D
8. A flat plate has thickness 5 cm, thermal conductivity 1 W/m-K, convective heat transfer coefficients on
its two flat faces of 10 W/m2-K and 20 W/m2-K. The overall heat transfer resistance is __________.
A. 5 W/m2-K
B. 6.33 W/m2-K
C. 20 W/m2-K
D. 30 W/m2-K
Answer A

9. A copper tube with 8 cm outer diameter, 6 cm inner diameter and k = 15 W/m-K is covered with an
insulation covering of thickness 2 cm and k = 0.2 W/m-K. A hot gas at 300oC with hg = 400 W/m2-K flow
inside the tube. The outer surface of insulation is exposed to cool air at 30oC with ha = 50 W/m2-K. Find the
over-all heat transfer coefficient based on the outer surface of insulation.
A. 6.75 W/m2-K
B. 10 W/m2-K
C. 5.6 W/m2-K
D. 7.25 W/m2-K
10. A spherical shaped vessel has a diameter of 1.2 m and 100 mm thick. Find the rate of heat leakage, if
the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces is 200 Co. Thermal conductivity of
material is 0.0833 W/m-K.
A. 879.12 W
B. 253.34 W
C. 632.32 W
D. 952.3 W

Answer is A
CONVECTION:

1. A thin plate 2 m x 2 m is hanging freely in air. The temperature of the surrounding is 25°C. Solar radiation
is falling on one side of the plate at the rate of 500 W/m 2. What should be the convective heat transfer
coefficient in W/m2-K of air, if the temperature of the plate is to remain constant at 30 oC? Consider
convection on both sides of the plate.
A. 25
B. 50
C. 100
D. 200

Answer is B

2. A square isothermal chip is of width w=5 mm on a side and is mounted in a substrate such that its side
and back surfaces are well insulated, while the front surface is exposed to the flow of a coolant at T=15°C.
From reliability considerations, the chip temperature must not exceed T=85°C. If the coolant is air and the
corresponding convection coefficient is h=200W/m2-K, what is the heat transfer? If the coolant is a
dielectric liquid for which h=3000 W/m2-K, what is the heat transfer?
A. Qa = 0.35 W and Ql = 5.25 W
B. Qa = 0.58 W and Ql = 3.25 W
C. Qa = 1.37 W and Ql = 5.55 W
D. Qa = 0.48 W and Ql = 5.15 W

Answer is A
3. In a brazed plate heat exchanger (counter flow), hot fluid enters at 60 oC and cold fluid leaves at 30 oC.
Mass flow rate of the hot fluid is 1 kg/s and that of the cold fluid is 2 kg/s. Specific heat of the hot fluid is
10 kJ/kg-K and that of the cold fluid is 5kJ/kg-K. Consider the leaving temperature of cold liquid to be 35oC,
determine mean temperature difference.
A. 15
B.30
C.35
D.45

Ans: B
4. A condenser is designed to condense 0.76 kg/min of steam with cooling water entering at 20 oC and
leaving at 65oC. Overall heat transfer coefficient = 3400 W/m2 –K. The surface area required for this heat
exchanger is (saturation temperature of steam = 95.6 oC, hfg steam = 2270 kJ/kg)
A. 0.17 cm2
B. 0.27 m2
C. 0.17 m2
D. 0.15 m2
5. The flow rates of hot and cold-water streams running through a parallel flow heat exchanger are 0.2 kg/s
and 0.5 kg/s respectively. The inlet temperatures on the hot and cold sides are 75 oC and 20oC respectively.
The exit temperature of hot water is 45oC, if the individual heat transfer coefficients on both sides are 650
W/m2 – K, calculate the area of the heat exchanger.
A. 2.66 m2
B. 3.25 m2
C. 4.25 m2
D. 1.25 m2

6. A condenser dealing with 25000 kg of saturated steam per hour at a pressure of 0.5 bar. Temperature of
condensing water is 25oC. Cooling water is heated from 15oC to 25oC while passing through the condenser.
Assume a heat transfer coefficient of 10 kW/m2 –K. Assume velocity of water 1 m/s. At 0.5 bar, saturation
temperature is 32.55oC and latent heat is 2560 kJ/kg. Specific heat of water is 4.18 kJ/kg-K and density is
1000 kg/m3. Mass flow rate of water is _____________.
A. 430 kg/s
B. 510 kg/s
C. 395 kg/s
D. None of these
7. Based on the problem above, if there are 100 tubes (d = 20 mm) then the length of tube is ___________.
A. 6.1 m
B. 1.3 m
C. 3.28 m
D. None of these
Answer is C

8. Calculate the Prandtl number of air at 20oC and 1 bar. R = 287 J/kg-K, 𝜇𝑘 =1.563x10-5 m2/s; Cp = 1005
J/kg-K and 𝑘 = 0.02624 W/m-K.

A. 0.712
B. 0.252
C. 2.25
D. 1.25
Answer is A

9. Calculate the appropriate Reynolds number and state if the flow is laminar or turbulent for a 10 m (water
line length) long yacht sailing at 13 km/hr in seawater 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3 and 𝜇𝑑 = 1.3 x 10-3 kg/m-s.
A. turbulent
B. laminar
C. transition
D. none of the above
RADIATION

1. A 20-mm diameter copper pipe is used to carry heated water, the external surface of the pipe is subjected
to a convective heat transfer coefficient of h = 6 W/m 2-K. what is the heat loss by radiation per meter
length of the pipe when the external surface temperature is 80 oC and the surroundings are at 20oC?
Assuming black body radiation.
A. 25.2 W
B. 52.3 W
C. 29.1 W
D. 462 W/m2

Answer is C

2. Consider a person whose exposed surface area is 1.7 m2, emissivity is 0.85, and surface temperature is
30°C. Determine the rate of heat loss from that person by radiation in a large room whose walls are at a
temperature of (a) 300 K and (b) 280 K.
A. (a) 26.9 W, (b) 187 W
B. (a) 29.2 W, (b) 210 W
C. (a) 35.2 W, (b) 321 W
D. (a) 30.2 W, (b) 420 W

Answer is A
3. A thermocouple used to measure the temperature of hot air flowing in a duct whose walls are maintained
at Tw = 500 K shows a temperature reading of Tth = 850 K. Assuming the emissivity of the thermocouple junction
to be 𝜀 = 0.6 and the convection heat transfer coefficient to be h = 60 W/m2 ·K, determine the actual
temperature of air.
A. 402 K
B. 850 K
C. 1021 K
D. 1111 K

Answer is D
4. The air temperature on a clear night is observed to remain at about 4°C. Yet water (𝜀 = 0.95) is reported to
have frozen that night due to radiation effect. Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to be 18 W/m2 ·
K, determine the value of the maximum effective sky temperature that night.
A. 302.2 K
B. 302.2 K
C. 288.2 K
D. 254.8 K

Answer is D
5. The absorber surface of a solar collector is made of aluminum coated with black chrome 𝛼𝑠 =0.87
and 𝜀= 0.09). Solar radiation is incident on the surface at a rate of 600 W/m2. The air and the
effective sky temperatures are 25°C and 15°C, respectively, and the convection heat transfer
coefficient is 10 W/m2 - K. For an absorber surface temperature of 70°C, determine the net rate
of solar energy delivered by the absorber plate to the water circulating behind it.
A. 30.2 W/m2
B. 25.2 W/m2
C. 36.5 W/m2
D. 18.2 W/m2

Answer is C

6. If transmissivity of body is 0.25 and 35% is reflected, then the absorbed energy is ________.
A. 0.40
B. 0.45
C. 0.65
D. 0.75

Ans: A
7. A plate 0.3 m long and 0.1 m wide, with a thickness of 12 mm is made from stainless steel (k = 16 W / m
K), the top surface is exposed to an airstream of temperature 20 OC. In an experiment, the plate is heated
by an electrical heater (also 0.3 m by 0.1 m) positioned on the underside of the plate and the temperature
of the plate adjacent to the heater is maintained at 100OC. A voltmeter and ammeter are connected to the
heater and these read 200 V and 0.25 A, respectively. Assuming that the plate is perfectly insulated on all
sides except the top surface, what is the convective heat transfer coefficient?

A. 8.25 W/m2-K
B. 15.5 W/m2-K
C. 20.2 W/m2-K
D. 12.7 W/m2-K

Answer is D
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS:

1. The absorber surface of a solar collector is made of aluminum coated with black chrome (s= 0.87 and
09.0=). Solar radiation is incident on the surface at a rate of 720 W/m2. The air and the effective sky
temperature are 25°C and 15°C, respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 10 W/m2K. For
an absorber surface temperature of 70°C, determine the net rate of solar energy delivered by the absorber
plate to the water circulating behind it.
A. 125 W/m2
B. 182 W/m2
C. 122 W/m2
D. 141 W/m2
2. The filament of a 75 W light bulb may be considered as a black body radiating into a black enclosure at
700 C. The filament diameter is 0.10 mm and length are 5 cm. Considering the radiation, determine the
filament temperature.
A. 2561oC
B. 2125oC
C. 2756oC
D. 4124oC
3. The front of a slab of lead (𝑘 = 35 W/m-K) is kept at 110oC and the back is kept at 50oC. If the area of the
slab is 0.4 m2 and it is 0.03 m thick, compute the heat flux, 𝑞, and the heat transfer rate 𝑄.
A. 𝒒=70 kW/m2 and 𝑸=28 kW
B. 𝑞=90 kW/m2 and 𝑄=35 kW
C. 𝑞=23 kW/m2 and 𝑄=28 kW
D. 𝑞=52 kW/m2 and 𝑄=28 kW
4. The temperatures on inner and outer sides of wall are 600℃ and 500℃, respectively and the
thermal conductivity of the wall material is 0.20 kcal/m-hr-K. If the thickness of wall is 30 cm
then heat flux will be _________.
A. 66.6 kcal/m2-hr
B. 80 kcal/m2-hr
C. 70 kcal/m2-hr
D. 40 kcal/m2-hr
5. The inside and outside surfaces of a 1-cm-thick, 4-m square-shaped window glass in winter are 9°C and
1°C, respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the glass is 0.78 W/m · K. Determine the amount of heat
loss, in kcal, through the glass over a period of 8 hours.
A. 68, 674 kcal
B. 52, 952 kcal
C. 45, 244 kcal
D. 25, 221 kcal
6. A composite is made up of two layers having conductivities k and 3k, and equal surface areas. The outer
surfaces of the composite wall are at 400℃ and equal surface areas. The outer surfaces of the composite
wall are at 400℃ and inner at 1200℃. For the junction temperature to be 800℃, the ratio of thickness
(δ1, δ2) should be ___________.
A. 1: 1
B. 3: 1
C. 1: 3
D. 2: 3
7. What is the critical radius of insulation for spheres?

A. 4𝑘
𝟐𝒌
B. 𝒉

C. 𝑘
𝑘
D. 4𝜋ℎ
8. A composite hollow sphere with steady internal heating is made of 2 layers of materials of equal
thicknesses with thermal conductivities in the ration of 1:2 for inner to outer layers. Ratio of inside to
outside diameters is 0.8. What is the ratio of temperature drops across the inner and outer layers?
A. 0.4
B. 2
C. 1.6
D. 2.5
9. Hot oil is cooled from 80 to 50oC in an oil cooler which uses air as the coolant. The air
temperature rises from 30 to 40oC the designer uses a LMTD value of 26oC. The type of heat
exchanger is ___________.
A. Parallel flow
B. Double pipe
C. Counter flow
D. Cross flow
10. What is the thickness required of a masonry wall having thermal conductivity 0.75 W/m-K if the heat
rate is to be 80% of the heat rate through a composite structural wall having a thermal conductivity of
0.25 W/m-K and a thickness of 100 mm? Both walls are subjected to the same surface temperature
difference.
A. 375 mm
B. 254 mm
C. 852 mm
D. 1025 mm
11. The inner and outer surfaces of a 15-m x 16-m brick wall of thickness 80 cm and thermal conductivity
0.69 W/m · °C are maintained at temperatures of 20°C and 5°C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat
transfer through the wall, in Hp.
A. 4.16 hp
B. 8.25 hp
C. 3.26 hp
D. 10.25 hp
12. Prandtl number is mentioned as __________.
Inside tube diameter
A. Conductivity
Thermal conductivity x Length
B. Coefficient of heat transfer
Coefficient of heat transfer x Outside diameter
C. Diffusivity
𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦
D. 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭
13. Expression for Nusselt number is __________.
Outside tube diameter
A. Thickness of film
Thermal diffusivity
B.
Thickness of film
Specific heat x Viscosity
C.
(Thermal conductivity)²
𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐱 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡
D.
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲
14. Expression for thermal diffusivity is _________.
𝜇𝜌
A. 𝑘
𝜌
B. 𝑘𝑐𝜌
𝐶𝜌
C. 𝜌𝑘
𝒌
D.
𝝆𝒄𝝆
Where kρ, μ, Cρ represent thermal conductivity density, dynamic viscosity and specific heat at constant
pressure.
15. Which of the following best describes the Fouling factor?
A. Effectiveness of heat exchanger
B. Efficiency of fins
C. theoretical resistance to heat flow due to a build-up of a layer of dirt or other fouling substance on
the tube surfaces of the heat exchanger
D. Decides life of heat exchanger
16. For a counter flow heat exchanger water enters at 30oC and leaves at 70oC which is heated by oil
entering at 150oC and leaving at 70oC. LMTD for this heat exchanger is __________.
A. 57.7
B. 63.9
C. 47.2
D. 60
17. An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237W/m - K has a flat bottom with diameter 20 cm
and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan through its bottom at a rate
of 800 W. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is at 105°C, determine the temperature of the
outer surface of the bottom of the pan.
A. 152.2 oC
B. 182.3 oC
C. 192.9 oC
D. 108.3 oC
18. Water enters the tubes of a small single-pass heat exchanger at 20oC and leaves at 40oC. On the shell
side, 25 kg/min of steam condenses at 60oC. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient and the
required flow rate of water if the area of the exchanger is 12m2. (The latent heat, hfg is 2358.7 kJ/kg at
60oC).
A. 15.2 kg/s
B. 18.2 kg/s
C. 24.2 kg/s
D. 11.78 kg/s

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