CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

VIDYA NAGAR, PRODDATUR. KADAPA- DIST

BLUE POWER

Presented by :

S.M.Basha G.Manoj Kumar

mbasha8888@gmail.com sudeepth_s@yahoo.com

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

ABSTRACT intelligence or this could
give a human touch to the
Machines that take on machine man. The paper also
human form have always concentrates on the various
enthralled all of us. The tools used in Robotics like
ultimate goal of Robotics is Voice synthesizers,
to create a replica of the actuators, sensors, and
human species or even better neural networks etc. which
“ Robosapiens”.or “Android”. are used in creation of
In this paper I have Robots.
presented the details about The paper gives
two latest ameliorations in familiarity with the future
the field of robotics i.e. trends in Robotics like “
architecture& Working details Bugs with Brain” or the
of Humanoid Robot P3 & Virbots Nanobots which could be of
like Rea, Kim, Ashton etc. I the size of top joint of
have also given certain human thumb. For this family
familiarity with cyber robots of “ bots” pathing will not
based on extempos. be a big problem. The paper
This paper throws light mentionsabout Nanoengineering
upon, how the concepts like i.e. creation of 8 to 10
artificial intelligence and atoms metal wires on silicon
certain software can be chip, 10 atoms wide carbon
coupled together to program nano tubes etc. which will,
the virtual persons (Robots) if be used in Robotics, will
in physiological & lead to Robots with 40 times
psychological ways. This more memory than now and will
could lead to creation of change this life - bearing
Robots for surpassing human planet overnight. Here I have
also discussed about the
latest applications of
Robotics in commercial and
customer service field and
that how ROBOSAPIENS can
prove to be better then
Homosapiens.
INDEX TERMS: Humanoid
Robot P3, VIRBOTS, Actuators,
Sensors, Nitinol wires, Nano-
engineering, CYBER ROBOTS,
Air Muscles, Bugs with Brains
- NANOBOTS.
INTRODUCTION

The ancient Greek poet time and efficiency hunt

Homer described maidens of has lead to resurgence of
gold, mechanical helpers Robots. The present
built by Hephaestus, the technological era is
Greek god of metal smiths. In demanding the increase in
1495, Leonardo-davinci drew productivity and faster
plans for a mechanical man. consumer services. Thus, in
But the real Robots wouldn’t order to satisfy the growing
become possible until the lust of human beings the most
1950s and 1960s, with the striking answer is Robotics
invention of transistors and means the art of creating a
integrated ckts. Compact, programmable machine that
reliable electronics and a imitates the actions or
growing computer industry appearance of a intelligent
added brains to the brawn of creature- usually a human
already existing machines. In being. This machine man is
1959, researchers what we call as
demonstrated, for the first ROBOT. The work ROBOT has
time, the possibility of emerged from the Czech word
robotic manufacturing when “ROBOTA”, meaning drudgery or
they unveiled a computer slave like labor. To qualify
controlled milling machine as robot, a machine has to be
that made ashtrays. Initially able to do two things:-
robots were mainly the stuff
of space movies. Public
fascination with robots • Get information from
peaked in the early 1980s, its surroundings.
spurred in part by movies
like star-wars. But today the
 • Do something physical the E2 model, developed after
- Such as move or the analysis of an Ostrich’s
manipulate objects movements. But the head was
disproportionately big so E2
Today robots of various fell over easily, unable to
stripes seem to be popping, balance the body sections.
whirring, buzzing and gliding
up just about everywhere. Structure
After a number of
Humanoid robots improvements Honda came up
Designing humanoid with Humanoid Robot P3 which
robots involves many is distinguishable from its
disciplines, from biology to prototypes on account of its
computer engineering, all sheer balance incorporated in
progressing at different the weight of various body
rates. In spite of this Honda parts, their architecture and
Motors has, after numerous the technology that supports
unprecedented researches and their functioning. The robot
ameliorations, unveiled its is 1.6 meters tall, has a
latest version of the two shoulder width of 60 cm, a
legged machine called “ depth of 55 cm. and weight
HUMANOID ROBOT P3” that they 130 kg. The skeleton in made
were been developing since of MAGNESIUM and the
1986. Two legged robots are movements are powered by
difficult of develop as they servomotors. P3 can work up
involve an array of high to 25 minutes on a battery
technologies, like sensors, charge and carry weights up
actuators etc. to maintain to 9 Kg. Per hand
stable walking. Honda’s effortlessly. The maximum
initial efforts at making walking speed is approx. 2
such a robot resulted into km. per hour. It possesses 16
joints but the back is rigid
and has no spinal column.
 becomes evident when it
climbs up a flight of stairs
Control mechanism and working
A four processor on its own. The robots
computer contained in the do this with an admirable
rucksack is in charge of steadiness. It is even more
controlling the balance as difficult to come back down a
well as coordinating the flight of stairs due to the
extremities during fact that the feet have to
coordinated movements. Two absorb and balance out very
video cameras, which high forces, but this is not
function independently of one a problem for P3. Thus, P3’s
another, are located under capabilities clearly
the visor and a microphone illustrate the potential of
and speaker are also on future bipedal robots.
board. P3’s proportions and
the position of its joints Virbots
have been adapted from the Cyber Robots are
human body. These joints software that work as agents
enable complex movements due for us, traveling the Web to
to their high degree of retrieve, sort and collate
flexibility. As, the back is information. A virbot
rigid so P3 has been equipped (virtual robot) is a computer
with relatively long arms in program that uses artificial
order to reach the floor on intelligence to simulate
bent knees. The high mobility intelligent conversations
of joints and the cleverly with users. These likeable,
constructed balance control helpful agents make deep
mechanisms enable P3 to stand communication with technology
on one leg walk sideways or a breeze, for beginners as
walk leaning forward. P3’s well as experts. Virbots have
outstanding balancing act already begun to take posts
on Web sites in sales and coordinated with a database
customer services. We can that assigns qualities to
take Rea, Kim and Ashton as thousands of words. Today,
striking instance of virbots. virbots like Einstein are
Rea [Real estate Agent] is a playing a big role in the
computer code brought to life classroom as education moves
in 3- dimensional animated to the Web. Computer the
form. Her speech is physiological and
syntactically correct and her psychological ways people
gestures human. Kim is the interact so as to program
Boston based Artificial them into a virtual person.
Life’s animated sales
representative. She sells
cellular telephones online Machinery and technology used
for German telecom Mobilcom.
This virbot is more than just Actuator
a pretty face. Her winks, her Actuators are the
gorgeous smile, her pre- mechanical devices that
programmed gestures and produce motion. A single
humanoid appearance make her robot can contain dozens of
answer to your questions more different type of actuators,
engaging than mere typed each chosen to do specific
answers would be extempo, task. Electric motors are
which develops animated actuators that produce motion
expert agents and natural from electricity by the
language engines, has electromagnetic effect. When
software that allow computers electricity moves through a
to engage in conversation coil of wire that is near a
with loosely scripted magnet, a force pushes on the
responses. What makes these coil. Electric motors operate
virbots more human in their at high speed and have small
expressions and gestures are turning power. But most of
the robots need low speed and there can be danger from
large power. A collection of sparks. E.g. in paining area
gears, called a gear-box of an automobile factory,
adjusts the speed and force sparks could ignite the
of the turning power. To fumes. Pneumatic systems are
produce linear, or in and out often used in grippers, the
motion, solenoids are used in part of a robot that picks
robots. Solenoids are used in something up. Gas can be
switches that turn things off compressed, making the
and on. Special motors called gripper move responsive and
stepper motors turn in less likely to crush what it
precise, incremental “ is picking up. Air muscles
Steps”, making them ideal for are simple pneumatic devices
small, repeated adjustments that contract by thickening.
in position. Another electric When pumped up with air, an
motor used for positioning is air muscle is shortening by
the servo motor. I can only as much as 40 %. With a power
turn 900 to the right or to weight ratio of 400 to
left. Not all robotic one, air muscles can provide
actuators are electric. substantial pulling force.
Hydraulic actuators uses oil Since they are mostly made of
and pneumatic ones use gas to soft plastic and rubber, air
move. Plungers, called muscles can be bent around
pistons, move in or out when curves and can work even
they are pushed or pulled. under water.
Hydraulic systems are used
instead of electric ones when
 Air muscle

Nitinol wire a characteristic of the

Nitinol is a unique environment and makes a
metal known as a “ Shape proportional electric signal.
memory alloy”. It can be used Many of robot sensors mimic
to activate robotic parts. our own senses, but robots
When heated with an electric can also sense the things
current, nitinol wire that we can’t, like magnetic
contracts up to 10% in fields or ultrasonic sound
length. The force of wares.Robotic light sensors
contraction is surprisingly come in different forms
strong, approaching 22,000 photo-resistors,
pounds per square inch. Even photodiodes,phototransistors
a hair thin nitinol wire can etc. When light falls on
lift 11 ounces. them they respond by creating
or changing an electric
Sensors signal. A filter in front of
Robots use a light sensor can be used
sensors to get information for a selective response- so
about their surroundings. the robot “ sees” only a
Generally, a sensor measures certain color. Some robots “
see” using ultrasonic sound. save information about the
These robots typically emit changing series of positions.
40 KHz sound waves, then The robot "remembers" this
detect the sound waves, then information and repeats the
detect the echoes. Measuring motions exactly. Smell and
the time delay from when the taste in robots are not yet
sound pulse goes out to when as refined as our own, nor do
it returns gives a very they need to be. Robots
accurate measure of the sensors can detect specific
distance to an object. This gases, however, including
navigation techniques works gases that we can’t smell.
in dark. Touch sensors, also One of the most important
help otherwise blind robots uses of smelling robots is in
navigate; Piezo-electric airports, detecting the fumes
material is often used in from explosives hidden in
touch sensors. Piezoelectric luggage. Sensors for radio
crystals respond to pressure signals and electric and
with a small electric magnetic fields are
voltage. They can detect especially useful in
vibrations, impact and even robotics. Radio signals let
heat. Sensors on a robots robots communicate with each
joints save information about other at a distance. Robotic
the changing series of lawn-movers use
positions. The robot “ electromagnetic sensors to
remembers” this information stay within the bounds of the
and repeats the motion yard. Robotic sensors can
exactly. Position sensors also detect specific gases,
make it possible to teach a including gases that we can’t
robot to do something (like small.
spray-paint a car) by leading
it through the motions. Thinking
Sensors on the robot’s joints
 In Robotics, efforts to decades the robotic
mimic human thought are intelligence is expected to
centered on rule based logic so as on account of a
the binary data is stored and principle called Moore’s LAW.
manipulated according to a It states that
set of programmed rules. Most
robotic “ brains” are rule “New microchips that can
based, often a single chip process twice as much data as
that functions as a computer existing chips become
called a microcomputer. Rule available about every 18
based systems can be used to months.”
cerate artificial
intelligence by programming Speech recognition system
vast amounts of information Speech
into a computer.Neural- recognition systems have come
Network is another approach a long way in the last
to artificial intelligence. decade. Having a robot “ talk
They are modeled after the back” is done by the aid of
human brain; with the voice synthesizers that
advantage that they are convert text into speech &
better at handling ambiguity need only a programmed list
than rule based system.A of pronunciation rules to
third & relatively new speak intelligently.
approach to robotic
intelligence is called Nanobots
stimulus response mechanism Nanobot at one-
or subsumption architecture. fourth cubic inch and
In a stimulus-response robot, weighing less than an ounce
there is no memory & no are possibly the smallest
logical decision-making, only autonomous undeterred droid
hard-wired responses to ever created. Powered by 3
stimulation. In the coming watch batteries it rides on
track wheels & consists of then analyze the map to find
temperature sensors and two the shortest easiest path.
motors that drive the wheel. These, on 2003, robots will
These nanobots swarm like return to mars to finish the
insects and go into locations work that was started by
too small for their bulkier robot named “ SOJOURNER”. The
brethren. For any, autonomous new rovers used send &
robot, pathing, i.e. finding receive signals directly.
a path in midst of obstacles,
is the biggest challenge. But
in nanobots it is no longer a
problem. Pathing can easily &
autonomously be done by this
family of bots using touch
sensors or ultrasonic
sensors. This idea has lead
NASA to develop a “
ROBONAUT”, a humanoid
designed to handle dangerous
operations in space
autonomously. It is because
the distance of 123 million
miles between Earth & Mars
means that commands from
earth take 11 minutes to
reach earth. This delay slows
down navigation considerably.
These to make a rover
autonomous and to achieve
pathing stereo vision is
imparted to robots to produce
a digital map of the terrain,
 chip and 10 atoms wide carbon
nanotubes which have been
used to create some simple
logic circuits. IBM
researches have engineered a
disk – drive on which atomic
indentations can be printed.
This could lead to processors
enormously fast and 40 times
more memory space in robots,
Nanoscale products are made
by simple chemical reactions
following a bottom to top
approach in which every
circuit element is created
atom by atom or at molecular
level rather than deriving it
form bigger lumps of metals.
This is a rather cheaper
method. Nanoengineering will
if mingle with robotics will
change the entire world
overnight.
ROBOTS USED IN MARS
EXPEDITION Nanoengineering
Fields of application of
Nanoengineering means
ROBOTICS
creation of materials of the
size less than 100 • Robots can be made to

nanometers. In this field the walk in lire volcanoes

recent advancements that have looking for clues for

been made are 5 to 10 atoms further eruption. E.g.

wide metal wires on a Silicon

 Dante II - an 8 legged perform delicate
spider-like robot. procedures. They are
• At places where also useful in
temperature reach industrial and
extremes, like frozen manufacturing purposes.
Antarctica, robots can Now-a-days robots are
be sent to search for also used for customer
meteorites and other in and sales services and
formations. They have at some places as home-
camera-eyes & built in servers. e.g. Virbots
detectors, e.g. NOMAD - like Rea, Kim, Mr. Clean
a four wheeled, gasoline etc.
powered, autonomous
robot.
• For doing dangerous
works robots can be used
like for diffusing
bombs, detecting
underground nines, and
hazardous factory jobs
etc. e.g. a robot named
NOMADS USED IN ANTARTICA
Mini-Androsis is used in
bomb disposing. Robots
Thus, today robots find a
can also go in
vide range of applications
dangerously polluted
in all walks of human life.
environments and
radioactive “ hot zones”
in nuclear power plants.
E.g. Robug-III.
• Robots may also be used
in medical fields to
 FOR PRECISE WORKS IN STUDY
OF LIVE
SOME FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
EXPECTED
Year: 2010
Processing power: 3,000 MIPS
Intelligence equivalent:
lizard
Robots will have basic
navigation skills and could
be used for cleaning or
delivery and take on expanded
roles in factories.

Year: 2020
Processing power: 100,000 MIPS
Intelligence equivalent: mouse
Robots will be able to learn
on the job, adapting their
own programs to perform more
successfully. Robots will do
the same jobs as before, but
more reliably and
flexibly.Year:2030 Processing
power: 3,000,000 MIPS
Intelligence equivalent:
monkey
Robots will demonstrate world
modeling: a general
ROBOTS USED IN INDUSTRIES
understanding of objects and
8-
what they are for, and of
LEGGED ROBOT USED
living things and how to
interact with them. (For many ways. They are more
example, a robot will "know" accurate than people, require
what an egg is and know that no lights, and work 24 hrs. A
it must be picked up gently.) day, never get sick, go to
Simulations will allow robots bathroom or unions. In all
to practice and perfect new robots are saints. Many
tasks before attempting them. scientists even believe that
Robot servants will be able robots will surpass human
to "read" the moods of the intelligence within the first
people around them. half of this centurysome
think robots will also
Year: 2040 develop consciousness - which
Processing power: 100,000,000 will impel them to replicate
MIPS in huge numbers, presenting a
Intelligence equivalent: grave danger to our species,
human Menzel & D’Aluisio, the
Robots will be able to speak authors of book “
and understand speech, think ROBOSAPIENS”, conclude that -
creatively, and anticipate “ with good luck, we might
the results of their actions lose some of the poverty,
far in advance. With fear and desperation that has
reasoning power at orbeyond always been the human lot.
the human level, robots will With bad luck, we may
be generally as competent as eventually destroy
people. ourselves.” Thus, we actually
CONCLUSION don’t know what exactly is
Today Robots are trying to going to happen but in future
impart their influence on it our scientists, engineers
each and every sphere of & researches will
life. The future of robotics intelligently and
is mind-boggling. Robots are constructively develop the
already superior to humans in field of Robotics then
whatever seems as impossible
or a science fiction now will
prove to be a truth and in
near future we will be having
our equivalent or even
smarter “ Robosapiens”
standing in front of us.

REFERENCES:
Magazines & Journals:
Computers Today.
Internet Sources:
www.education.com
Books: Robosapiens – by
Menzel & D’aluision.