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Publisher: Taylor & Francis
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Drying Technology: An International Journal

Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ldrt20

DRYER CALCULATIONS
a
Dr. T. Kudra
a
Chemical Engineering Department , McGill University , Montreal, Canada
Published online: 16 Jun 2010.

To cite this article: Dr. T. Kudra (1991) DRYER CALCULATIONS, Drying Technology: An International Journal, 9:5, 1337-1339,
DOI: 10.1080/07373939108916757

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939108916757

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 DRYING TECHNOLOGY, 9 ( 5 ) , 1337-1339 (1991)

SOFTWARE NEWS

DRYER CALCULATIONS

DRYER 3
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E.M. Cook, Boynton Beach

Florida, U.S.A.

Reviewed by

Dr. T. Kudra
Chemical Engineering Department, McGill University
Montreal, Canada

This program is available from the developer for use on a personal computer.
Both Basic and Fortran versions are supplied. The essential specifications and ordering
information is given in the write-up supplied by the author and follows review. This
review does not necessarily constitute an endorsement of the product by the reviewer or
the journal.

This software seems to be suitable for the calculation of heat and mass balances
across direct dryers using air as the drying medium. It is more appropriate for dryers
where the main part of drying takes place in the constant rate. Drying kinetic data are
not used. It can be useful in design calculations but clearly not for sizing of dryers which
needs drying rate (or time) data.

The program uses US Engineering units; SI units are not used. Dual units would
have been desirable. Units of input data are not clearly specified. The user's manual
could be improved with the help of schematic diagrams. Also, the program should be
made more user friendly and with good graphic displays of input and output variables.

Overall, this is a useful tool for design calculations. However, it should be made
much more general and more user friendly. The following two pages are reproduced
from the developer's announcement.
 SOFTWARE NEWS

DRYER CALCULATIONS

Capabilities: DRYER3 calculates the conditions for

direct dryers, such as spray, flash, fluid-bed, and
rotary types, drying particulate materials from water
using air as the drying medium in an open cycle.* It
calculates heat load, air flow rate and air conditions at
important points in the dryer, and saturation conditions
at the dryer outlet. When compared to known data the
empirical equations have an error of less than O . l X , even
at high temperatures.
All significant effects are considered, includinq feed
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temperature and solids content, elevation (or specified

pressure), air inleakage, exposure time, and heat effects
(such as heat loss and heat of crystallization or
reaction). Heating can be by indirect heaters (e.g.
steam or thermal fluid), by direct firing, or by waste
heat. Systems can have up to three product collectors,
one of which may be the drying vessel itself. A spray
drying chamber of any geometry is calculated, but the
program can be revised for other dryer types.

DRYER3 is versatile enough to be used on virtually all

applications, e.g. foods, pharmaceuticals, polymers,
minerals, wastes, colorants, clays, catalysts, and
various other organic and inorganic particulate
materials. Although originally designed for spray
dryers, with proper con-ern for requirements of air flow
rates and air humldity, it has also been used for flash,
fluid bed, rotary, and other direct dryers.
Input and output are explained in the documentation and
are formatted for ease of data entry and clear display
and printing of results (in U.S. customary units). The
32 input values can be reduced to 7 by using the 12
defaults, which can be revised. Only a single entry is
needed for multiple runs and studies. Up to 66 values
plus the inputs are given in the full output of results;
alternatively, brief output shows only the most critical
1 tens.
Users: Among those applying DRYER3 are companies using
industrial dryers, manufacturers, test and development
personnel, designers, and consultants. The program is

. -
Program RECYCLE calculates several modes of partial
recycling of air In self-inertlzing dryers, and program
CYCLE is for dryers that evaporate any solvent from any
gas in a closed cycle.
 SOFTWARE NEWS

simple to use and to modify for special requirements.

Multiple runs and trial and error runs are easy, with the
new condition(s) inserted for rerunning without leaving
the program. Each revised condition is Just entered with
its item number. Documentation consists of 29 pages of
instructions and listing of the program code.

Applicationa:
Design new dryers, evaluate existing dryers, compare
performance of different designs, and aid analyses of
operating costs.
Perform multiple calculations for trial and error
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analyses or to aid studies of dryer performance

including changes in operating conditions and system
design.
Aid the optimization of energy use and production rate
and aid the analysis of plant evolutionary operations.
Study proposed new applications for an existing dryer, or
the effect of new product specifications.
Use in test programs to help find the best operating
conditions and to quickly estimate project costs for each
set of test results.

Source language and hardware requirements: DRYER3 was

adapted from FORTRAN to BASIC for use on personal
computers and to make it easy to check and modify. It is
available for IBM, Apple 11, and their compatibles, and
it has been converted for use on other computers.
Developer: Edward M. Cook, Energy Saving Consultants,
1215 SH 22 Ave., Boynton Beach, FL 33426.
Telephone 407-734-3504
Availability Cost of DRYER3 is $400, and shipment can be
made in 2 to 3 days.