MANUAL

FOR

FLOW THROUH ORIFICE

CONSTAND HEAD METHOD

New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co
 FLOW THROUGH ORIFICE
(CONSTANT HEAD METHOD)

AIM:

To determine the co-efficient of discharge (Cd) of the orifice by constant head method.

DESCRIPTION:

A mouthpiece is a small length of pipe, provided in a vessel, through which the liquid flows. The
mouthpiece may be provided in the side wall or bottom of the vessel. The coefficient of discharge is
defined as the ratio between actual discharge and theoretical discharge.

The unit consists of a M.S supply tank of cross sectional area 0.3×0.3 sq.m provided with an
inlet diffuser for damping level oscillations, an overflow outlet, a gauge glass tube – scale fitting and a
provision for fixing interchangeable mouthpieces. Water from the mouthpiece is collected in the tank.
A sump tank is provided to store water.

PROCEDURE:

1. The diameter of the orifice and the internal dimensions of the collecting tank are measured.
2. The supply valve to the orifice tank is regulated and water is allowed to fill the mouthpiece
tank to a constant head (h).
3. The outlet valve of the collecting tank is closed tightly and the time‘t’ required for ‘H’ rise of
water in the collecting tank is noted using a stop watch.
4. The above procedure is repeated for different heads and the observations are tabulated and the
coefficient of discharge is calculated.

FORMULAE USED:

Theoretical discharge, Qt = a √2gh

a = Area of orifice
h = Head of liquid above the centre of
orifice
g = Acceleration due to gravity
Actual discharge, Qa = Actual volume of liquid collected in
Unit time.
= Internal plan area of collection tank(A)×Rise of liquid (H)
Time of collection (t)

Co-efficient of discharge (Cd) = Qa

Qt

New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULT:

Diameter of orifice, d = mm
Internal plan dimensions of collecting tank
Length, l = mm
Breadth, b = mm

Head‘h’ Time for H=100 mm rise ‘t’ Discharge Co-efficient

S.no mm sec √h of discharge
Trials Average Actual Theoritical Cd

Mean value of Cd =

MODEL CALCULATION:

Area of orifiece, a = πd2/4 (mm2)

Internal plan area of collection tank = I×b (mm2)

Actual discharge, Qa = AH (mm3/sec)

t

Theoritical of discharge, Qt = a√2gh (mm3/sec)

Co-efficient of discharge, (Cd) = Qa

Qt

GRAPH:
Qa vs √h --- √h on X-axis.

RESULT:
Average co-efficient of discharge, Cd =

New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co
 New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co