Foundations

Pathways
Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking

Answer Key

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

PW_LS_SBF_AnsKey_pp2.indd 1 12/19/17 7:04 PM

NGL.Cengage.com/ELT
Bringing the world to the classroom and the classroom to life
A PART OF CENGAGE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED – NOT FOR RESALE
 ansWER KEY
Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations
Answer Key

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

UNIT 1 SAME AND DIFFERENT D (page 5)
Possible answers in italic.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be THINK AND DISCUSS (page 1)
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S. Country Language Sport Hobby Music
1. Possible answers: The U.S. considers driving or voting to be
copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
markers of adulthood. The age to drive differs by state, but is Saudi Arabia English soccer reading rock
“National Geographic”, “National Geographic Society” and the Yellow Border Design are usually 16. You must be 18 to vote. (UK football)
registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society ® Marcas Registradas 2. The girls are both wearing traditional clothing for the Coming Brazil Arabic volleyball taking jazz
of Age ceremony in Japan. They have the same style, but pictures
different color kimonos (dresses). The flowers in their hair are drawing
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at United States Portuguese baseball pop
different colors. The wraps around their necks look the same.
Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, cengage.com/contact China Chinese tennis writing classical
3. Answers will vary. poems
For permission to use material from this text or product,
submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions Mexico Spanish basketball riding bikes rap
Further permissions questions can be emailed to EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 2–3)
permissionrequest@cengage.com 1. Soccer, basketball, cricket. The sport that people love most E (page 5)
is soccer. 1. play
2. Possible answers: 2. listen to
National Geographic Learning
20 Channel Center Street Same: They all use balls, they are all team sports, they all use a 3. watch
Boston, MA 02210 point system to win.
4. go
USA Different: You use your feet in soccer; in basketball and cricket,
you use your hands. In basketball and soccer, you score points 5. speak
by putting the ball into something (basket/goal); in cricket, you 6. play
National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company, has a mission to bring the hit the ball and run to score points. In soccer, players kick the 7. do
world to the classroom and the classroom to life. With our English language programs, ball; in basketball players throw the ball; in cricket players hit
students learn about their world by experiencing it. Through our partnerships with 8. ride
the ball with a paddle.
National Geographic and TED Talks, they develop the language and skills they need to be 9. go
3. Answers will vary.
successful global citizens and leaders.

LESSON A Vocabulary LISTENING A Lecture on Twins

Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region
B (page 4) BEFORE LISTENING
Visit National Geographic Learning online at NGL.Cengage.com/ELT 1. favorite A (page 6)
Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com 2. music
Possible answers:
3. science
They both have the same hair color, smiles, and general look. The
4. friendly man on the left has a suit on; the man on the right looks more
5. kind relaxed, less serious.
6. hobby
B (page 6)
7. shy
8. vacation Possible answers:
1. Most identical twins have the same hair color, eye color, and
C (page 4) other facial features. They are either both male or both female
and their height is often the same. They might have different
1. vacation
hair or clothing styles, and they may act differently.
2. science
2. Identical twins look the same, but fraternal twins do not; they
3. music usually look different. One may be male and the other female.
4. kind One may have brown hair and the other blonde.
5. friendly
6. favorite WHILE LISTENING
7. shy C (page 6)
8. hobby
Possible answers:
1. Identical twins are from one egg.
2. Fraternal twins are from two eggs.

3
D (page 6) 5. Are 2. F (They’re finding food, not water.) B (page 16)
 1. The two boys lived with different families. 6. ’re not / aren’t 3. F 1. F
 3. Their wives were named Linda and Betty. 7. ’re 4. T 2. T
 7. They both named a son James. 5. T
8. are 3. T
E. (page 7) 9. ’m
10. Are AFTER VIEWING WHILE LISTENING
Jim Springer Both Jim Lewis
11. were G (page 13)
12. ’re
C (page 17)
Answers will vary. 1. b
13. Are
-married two times -6 feet tall -married three H (page 13) 2. a, e
14. was
-named son -180 pounds times
“James Allan” -police officers -named son 15. ’m Note: In the United States, both girls and boys can vote at age 18 D (page 17)
-short hair -dog named “Toy” “James Alan” 16. was and can usually drive at age 16. Also, in some places, especially the
-same type of car -long hair South, some families celebrate their daughter’s 16th birthday with teenager
-Florida vacations E (page 10) a “Sweet 16” party. brain
-first wife Linda
1. Where are you from? feelings
-second wife Betty
-good at math 2. What do you do? LESSON B Vocabulary
E (page 17)
-bad at spelling
3. How about you? B (page 14)
-make things  family
with wood 4. Can you believe this weather?
Quiz: How Typical are You? Answers  friends
5. Do you play any sports? 1. 5 feet 11 inches; 5 feet 4 inches  experiences
6. What are your hobbies? 2. 86, 45  media
3. 15, 21
AFTER LISTENING LESSON TASK 4. 69, 87 AFTER LISTENING
F (page 7) A–C (page 11) 5. 30, 100
F (page 17)
Answers will vary. 6. 80, 30
1. Answers will vary. Answers will vary.
2. Possible answer: C (page 15)
Life might be difficult because people compare them. It might be VIDEO Coming of Age SPEAKING
1. adult
easy because they have each other as friends.
2. change A (page 18)
BEFORE VIEWING
3. teenager
SPEAKING A (page 12) 1. b. I’m not shy.
4. grow up
2. a. It is typical to feel that way.
A (page 8) 1. d 5. typical
3. b. He isn’t a teenager. He’s an adult.
1. are 2. a 6. parents
4. a. She is a child. She is six years old.
2. is 3. e 7. the world
5. b. We’re not only brothers. We’re twins.
3. is 4. b 8. years old
6. b. They aren’t my parents. They’re my friends.
4. was 5. c D (page 15)
5. were B–E (pages 18–19)
B–D (pages 12–13) Answers will vary.
6. was Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. E (page 15)
7. isn’t
8. wasn’t Answers will vary. FINAL TASK
WHILE VIEWING
9. are A–E (pages 19–20)
10. aren’t E (page 13) LISTENING A Conversation about the
Answers will vary.
11. is Possible answer: Teenage Brain
12. is Fulani boys have to take their cows on a trip during the wet
season. The cows cannot stay there when there’s a lot of water, BEFORE LISTENING
B (page 9) so the boys travel with the cows to the Sahel Desert, near the
Answers will vary. Sahara, to find food for them. They return home after about eight A (page 16)
months. If their cows look good, then the boys have “come of age” Possible answers:
C (page 9) or become men.
Teenagers: in school, between ages 13–19, still growing
1. ’m F (page 13) Adults: work, over 20, often married, sometimes have children
2. is
1. T (Near the end of the video, it says he is on his way home after
3. ’s 3 months, though at the beginning it says the trips can take
4. is almost eight months.)

4 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations

Answer Key 5
UNIT 2 LOVE YOUR JOB WHILE LISTENING  learn E (page 33)
 sell 1. job description
D (page 27)
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 21)  help 2. hire
1. help other people
1. Possible answers: They work with airplanes in some way. H (page 29) 3. dream
They’re engineers. 2. create things
Possible answer: salesperson or manager 4. create
2. Possible answer: They need to study math and science. 3. thank them
5. risks
3. Answers will vary. 4. happy co-workers I (page 30) 6. makes you tick
E (page 27) Possible answers:
EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 22–23) AFTER VIEWING
1. teachers, engineers Web Designer Salesperson Engineer Teacher
1. Possible answer: He is tired. He is probably stressed because he
needs to study a lot for the college entrance exam. 2. Possible answers: help other people, create things, a boss that talks with talks with talks with talks with F (page 33)
thanks them, happy co-workers people people people people
2. Answers will vary. 1. Possible answers: Being outside, being with his son, meeting
uses a computer teaches uses a computer teaches adventurers and telling their stories, writing, making movies,
3. Answers will vary.
AFTER LISTENING creates web calls customers creates products uses a National Geographic magazines
pages uses a computer works with computer
LESSON A Vocabulary F (page 27) 2. Answers will vary.
works with works with others creates
C (page 25) Answers will vary. others activities
others explains LESSON B Vocabulary
writes explains works with
1. work
SPEAKING sells products
others B (page 34)
2. satisfied
writes
3. exciting A (page 28) 1. enjoy
explains 2. advice
4. boss Answers will vary.
5. together 3. skills
B (page 28) LESSON TASK Discussing Different Types 4. manager
6. boring
Answers will vary. of Jobs 5. own
7. try
8. create C (page 28) A–F (page 31) 6. company
Answers will vary. 7. contacts
D (page 25) 1. needs
8. fail
2. help
The final two rows are possible answers. VIDEO Wanted: Adventure Storyteller
3. takes C (page 35)
Word Antonym 4. brings 1. d
boring exciting, interesting 5. create
BEFORE VIEWING
2. f
together alone B (page 32) 3. e
D (page 28)
satisfied unhappy Possible answers: 4. a
Answers will vary.
happy sad One way to get a job is to hear about it from a friend. 5. g
enjoy/like dislike E (page 29) Another way is to read about it on the Internet. 6. b
1. creates:/s/ A third way is to hear it about it from a teacher. 7. c
E (page 25)
2. reads: /z/ A fourth way is to hear about it from your parents. D (page 35)
Answers will vary. 3. fixes: /əz/ C (page 32) 1. Possible answers: teachers, friends, co-workers, parents,
4. gives: /z/ parents’ friends
LISTENING Online Lecture: Who’s happy 5. knows: /z/
1. f
2. Answers will vary.
at work? 6. washes: /əz/
2. d
3. Possible answers:
3. e
7. helps: /s/ Pros: more money, work with people, be in charge
BEFORE LISTENING 8. tries: /z/
4. a
Cons: more work, more responsibility, more stress
5. c
B (page 26) 9. catches: /əz/
6. b
2. () what makes people happy at work 10. sits: /s/

C (page 26) F (page 29) WHILE VIEWING

1. F Check () the following: D (page 33)
2. T  call
1. b
3. T  talk to customers
2. d
4. F  show
3. a
5. F  explain
4. c
5. b

6 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 7

LISTENING An Interview about 21st Century B (page 38) UNIT 3 UNUSUAL DESTINATIONS B (page 47)
Jobs Possible answer: Failing can be good for people. You have to fail a 1. F
lot in order to make yourself or your product better. THINK AND DISCUSS (page 41) 2. T
BEFORE LISTENING C (page 39) 1. This is a photo of Saint Basil’s Cathedral State Historical 3. F
Museum in Russia. It is nighttime. 4. F
A (page 36) Answers will vary. 2. Answers will vary. 5. T
Answers will vary. 3. Answers will vary.
FINAL TASK 6. T
WHILE LISTENING A–F (pages 39–40) EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 42–23) WHILE LISTENING
B (page 36) Answers will vary. Answers will vary.
C (page 47)
 2. People can create their own jobs now.
 3. The digital age provides opportunities for new jobs.
LESSON A Vocabulary #2:  
 
Unusual places are great to travel to.
#4:  
 
Southeast Asia has a variety of unusual places.
 6. People are creative and find out what people need. B (page 44)
1. famous D (page 47)
C (page 36)
2. unusual 1. Indonesia
1. create
3. beautiful 2. Thailand
2. jobs
4. crowded 3. Vietnam
3. computer; changing; creative
5. visit
E (page 47)
D (page 37) 6. tourists
1. c
1. Do what you enjoy and use the skills that you have. 7. quiet
2. a
2. Ask the question: What do people need? 8. area
3. b
3. Talk to all of your contacts.
C (page 45)
4. Just try it.
1. quiet AFTER LISTENING
E (page 37) 2. area F (page 47)
1. d 3. visit
1. Possible answer: A Different Kind of Trip is the likely answer. She
2. a 4. unusual speaks of unusual places and encourages the audience to
3. b 5. beautiful travel to unknown places. Students learned that different is a
4. c 6. crowded synonym for unusual.
7. famous 2. Answers will vary.
AFTER LISTENING 8. tourist
SPEAKING
F (page 37) D (page 45)
1. Possible answers: Work first as a volunteer. You can learn more Possible answers for the added synonyms:
A (page 48)
about the job and meet the people that work there. Show 1. go to, see, stop by 1. Disagree; That’s interesting! I don’t.
the boss your work. Then when a job opens up, you will have 2. Agree; I don’t, either.
experience and contacts there. 2. pretty, lovely, nice, attractive
3. peaceful, calm, relaxing, laid-back 3. Agree; Me, too!
2. Answers will vary.
4. full, packed, busy 4. Disagree; Oh, really? I do.
G (page 37) 5. traveler, visitor 5. Agree; I do, too.
Possible answers: B (page 48)
E (page 45)
Pros: can do what you love, are your own boss, get to make all of
the decisions, can set your own hours Answers will vary. Answers will vary.
Cons: is a lot of responsibility, can be stressful, must make all of the C (page 49)
decisions, can cost a lot of money in the beginning LISTENING Presentation: Unusual
1. I’m looking
Southeast Asia
2. I’m riding
SPEAKING
3. are walking
A (page 38) BEFORE LISTENING
4. is driving
Possible answers: A (page 46) 5. are walking
1. They all failed at first, but then became very successful and Answers will vary. 6. are resting
famous. 7. ’re smiling
2. Do not stop trying. Trying hard is important and can bring you
success.

8 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 9

D (page 50) AFTER VIEWING AFTER LISTENING UNIT 4 HIGH TECH, NO TECH
Answers will vary. F (page 53) D (page 57)
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 61)
E (page 50) Answers will vary.  2. Maria likes to go to unknown places.
Possible answers:
Possible answers:  4. You need warm clothes inside the ICEHOTEL.
G (page 53) 1. The woman is using a virtual reality gaming headset.
Typical Place Possible answers: 2. She probably feels excited and amazed. She might be
SPEAKING experiencing an adventurous sport.
Pros: easy to get to, often cheaper, lots of hotels and restaurants Pros: brings money to town, more jobs for local people
Cons: crowded and hard to get around town, town may be dirty or A (page 58) 3. Virtual reality is interesting to people because it allows them
Cons: crowded, noisy, long lines waiting to see things to see or experience things that are too expensive, far away, or
have too much trash 1. 2 ho-tel scary in real life.
Unusual Place 2. 1 love
Pros: special, real, local people are easier to talk to/may want to LESSON B Vocabulary 3. 3 va-ca-tion EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 62–63)
learn about you
C (page 55) 4. 2 spe-cial 1. Possible answers: The timeline shows how telephones and
Cons: difficult to get to, difficult to find a good hotel/restaurant cameras have changed over time.
5. 3 a-re-a
1. e
F (page 50) 6. 3 to-ge-ther In the past, telephones were not wireless and did not have
2. f cameras or applications. Cameras used to be much larger
Answers will vary. 7. 1 view
3. a and harder to use, and the images they produced were much
8. 3 com-pa-ny lower quality. Neither cameras nor phones were common for
4. h
LESSON TASK 9. 3 ma-na-ger everyone to own. Today, almost everyone has a small, thin
5. d
10. 2 fa-mous phone that can take photos.
A–C (page 51) 6. c
2. Possible answer: The television is one device that was different
7. b B (page 58) in the past. Television sets are still used to watch shows, but
Answers will vary.
8. g 1. hotel many of them now connect to the Internet.
3. Answers will vary.
VIDEO Monkey City D–E (page 55) 2. love
3. vacation
Answers will vary. LESSON A Vocabulary
BEFORE VIEWING 4. special

A (page 52) LISTENING A Conversation about a Vacation 5. area B (page 64)

6. together 1. experience
Answers will vary. 7. view
BEFORE LISTENING 2. prepare
B (page 52) 8. company 3. hard
A (page 56) 9. manager
1. c 4. download
Answers will vary. 10. famous
2. e 5. real
3. a C (page 59) 6. the past
WHILE LISTENING
4. b Possible answers: 7. benefit
5. d B (page 56) Pros: A guide can give you a lot of information about the places 8. equipment
1. b you visit. You don’t have to worry about getting lost. C (page 65)
WHILE VIEWING Cons: You are on a schedule and may have to hurry in places.
C (page 57) You cannot do things other than what is scheduled on the tour. 1. benefit
C (page 53) Sometimes other people can be difficult to travel with. You may 2. download
Possible answers:
Answers will vary. not go exactly where you want. 3. prepare
Who Maria is talking to Juan about her vacation.
D (page 53) 4. experience
What Maria went to the ICEHOTEL for her vacation. FINAL TASK 5. real
1.  Bring food to the monkeys;  Bring tourists to the city Where The ICEHOTEL is in Lapland, Sweden. It is 200 km A–E (pages 59–60) 6. equipment
2. sunglasses north of the Arctic Circle. 7. hard
3. food, water Answers will vary.
When Maria went to the ICEHOTEL in winter. The hotel is 8. the past
open from December to April.
E (page 53)
Why Maria went to the ICEHOTEL because she likes to go D (page 65)
Possible answers: to unusual places for her vacation. 1. Virtual reality is better than boring old videos.
They are eating.
How In November, builders and ice artists from around 2. Please download this cool new app.
They are climbing. the world come together to create the hotel. They 3. With virtual reality, you can see beautiful old things from the
They are stealing. put snow onto steel walls, and after the snow freezes, past.
They are being naughty. they take the steel walls away, and the snow walls
stay up. 4. This company uses some amazing modern equipment.
They are sitting.
They are running.

10 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 11

E (page 65) SPEAKING B (page 73) 5. rest
1. Possible answers: The benefit of seeing something in virtual Answers will vary. 6. available
A (pages 68–69)
reality is that you can see it any time, and you don’t have to 7. depend on
travel there. The benefit of seeing the real thing is that you can Partner A C (page 73) 8. health
touch, smell and feel the real thing. The home robot/Kuri can move around your home. Possible answers: You can take videos or photos from high up
2. Possible answer: Communication was better in the past. People The home robot/Kuri can’t wash floors. with a drone. You can use a bird or tree app to learn about the D (page 75)
called one another or wrote letters. That was more personal. birds and trees you see. You can use weather apps to see how the 1. 60%
The home robot/Kuri can read a book to you.
3. Possible answer: Technology makes our lives easier and faster. weather will be.
The home robot/Kuri can’t bring things to you. 2. text/send texts
We can do more things in a shorter amount of time.
The home robot/Kuri can take pictures and video. 3. video call
4. Answers will vary. WHILE VIEWING 4. 48%
Partner B
D (page 73) 5. text/send texts, check Internet, email
LISTENING A Conversation about Virtual Reality The home robot/Kuri can play music.
The home robot/Kuri can’t clean your house. 1. b E (page 75)
BEFORE LISTENING The home robot/Kuri can know who is in your family. 2. a
Answers will vary.
The home robot/Kuri can’t speak English. E (page 73)
A (page 66)
The home robot/Kuri can greet you when you come home. LISTENING Class Discussion: Taking a
Possible answers: The student is using virtual reality. You need a Check the following.
headset, a phone, and headphones. B (page 69)  Instagram Tech Break
Answers will vary.  Tweet
B (page 66) BEFORE LISTENING
 take pictures
1. b C (page 69)
 look at trails A (page 76)
2. a Possible answers.  look at birding apps Possible answers:
3. d
 use Google Maps to find parks 1. The light from a phone or computer can hurt our eyes.
4. d Equipment Can Can’t
Books touch the book carry many books 2. Sitting at a computer all day can hurt our backs since we don’t sit
easily AFTER VIEWING up straight.
WHILE LISTENING write in the book
smell the book F (page 73)
C (page 67) WHILE LISTENING
share the book 1. P
1. download B (page 76)
2. A
2. phone E-books have many books at one read without electricity
3. P Check the following.
3. fits time
4. P  2. Using your smartphone too much can have bad effects.
4. head read without a light
5. A  3. It is good to take a break from our phones.
5. open D (page 70) 6. A
6. app C (page 76)
Answers will vary.
G (page 73) 1. T
D (page 67)
LESSON TASK Answers will vary. 2. F
1. a
3. F
2. b A–C (page 71) LESSON B Vocabulary 4. F
3. c Answers will vary.
B (page 74) 5. T
4. b
6. T
VIDEO High Tech or No Tech? 1. health
AFTER LISTENING 2. depend on D (page 77)
BEFORE VIEWING 3. available 1. Brain: attention problems; can’t rest due to light; memory
E (page 67)
4. hurt problems
Possible answers: A (page 72) 5. brain 2. Body: no sleep; being available 24/7, 365; stress
Language learning: You can “attend” a class. 1. e 6. rest
History: You can be at an event or see a place from another time. 2. d AFTER LISTENING
7. effect
Math: You can test math in real situations (such as flying in space 3. a 8. worry E (page 77)
or in an airplane).
4. b
Science: You can see and feel different things (e.g., weather in the C (page 74) Answers will vary.
Arctic, animals, rocks on the moon, etc.). 5. g
6. c 1. hurt
7. f 2. effect
3. brain
4. worry

12 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 13

SPEAKING UNIT 5 RISK AND REWARD E (page 85) LESSON TASK Presenting a Personal Plan
A (page 78) Answers will vary. A–C (page 91)
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 81)
1. How cool! Emotion: Showing interest Answers will vary.
1. Possible answer: The person is lying on a surfboard (or surfing). LISTENING Podcast: Adventurer of the Year
2. That’s so interesting! Emotion: Showing interest The person is in the Indian ocean, off the coast of South Africa.
3. Really? Emotion: Showing surprise VIDEO Highlining Yosemite Falls
2. Possible answer: The person probably thinks it’s a lot of fun! BEFORE LISTENING
4. Are you serious? Emotion: Showing surprise 3. Answers will vary.
5. I’m sorry to hear that. Emotion: Showing sadness A (page 86) BEFORE VIEWING
C–D (page 79) EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 82–83) 1. Nepal A (page 92)
Possible answers: 2. Possible answer: She’s a mountain guide, climber, and
Answers will vary. adventurer. 1. He’s highlining in Yosemite during a full moon.
1. Jimmy Chin is mountain climbing and taking photos, which is 2. Possible answer: It’s a National Park in the western United
his job. He’s a photographer for National Geographic. 3. Possible answer: They do something amazing. They risk their
FINAL TASK lives. States, in the state of California.
The person at the top is scuba diving and holding a deadly 3. Answers will vary.
A–C (page 80) snake.
The woman is bungee jumping off of a bridge over a river. WHILE LISTENING B (page 93)
Answers will vary.
Risks for all of them are getting hurt or dying. These activities B (page 86) 1. c
can be dangerous.
1. c 2. b 3. d 2. e
2. Many jobs are risky. Astronauts, firefighters, and police officers
3. a
take risks for their work. People like taking risks for fun, too; they C (page 87)
drive fast cars, ride bikes in the mountains or down hills, ski and 4. b
snowboard down steep mountains, and surf where there are 1. like; surfing 5. d
sharks or where the waves are big and powerful. 2. For example,; explorers 6. g
3. People take risks because they think it is fun. They seek 3. for example; climber; climb 7. f
adventure. Some rewards are: fun, feeling good about yourself,
being excited, and becoming famous. D (page 87)
WHILE VIEWING
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. c
LESSON A Vocabulary C (page 93)
B (page 84) AFTER LISTENING 1. T
1. climb E (page 87) 2. T
2. adventure 3. F
Possible answers.
3. difficult • exercising risk: hurt self; reward: look and feel great 4. T
4. die • going to college risk: spending a lot of money, failing; reward: 5. F
learning a lot, getting a good job, helping your family
5. body • teaching risk: long hours may be bad for health; reward: D (page 93)
6. mind students learn and do great things in life 3. Dean has trouble walking the line. The wind is strong. The
7. vote • traveling risk: getting sick or hurting yourself and being far from waterfall is noisy.
8. solve home; reward: seeing and learning about many different places
around the world; meeting new people, trying new foods 5. Dean highlines because he loves (the) beauty.
C (page 84)
SPEAKING AFTER VIEWING
1. body
2. difficult A (page 88) E (page 93)
3. mind Possible answer:
1. Of course
4. solve It’s all about being present, living in the moment, and enjoying the
2. Absolutely
5. climb beauty all around you without thinking about anything else.
3. Sure
6. adventure F (page 93)
4. Definitely
7. vote
C (page 88) Answers will vary.
8. die
1. Tamas takes the most risks. Mike takes the least risks.
D (page 85) LESSON B Vocabulary
2. Answers will vary.
1. explorer, diver, photographer C (page 94)
2. running, swimming D–G (pages 89–90)
1. goals
3. player Answers will vary.
2. count
4. Surfing, teacher

14 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 15

3. decrease SPEAKING UNIT 6 TAKING ACTION B (page 106)
4. danger Answers will vary.
A (page 98)
5. protect THINK AND DISCUSS (page 101)
6. wild 1. woke up
Possible answers: WHILE LISTENING
7. forest 2. heard
1. The weather on the Earth changes; water levels rise or fall;
8. discover 3. felt natural disasters, such as volcanoes and earthquakes, change
C (page 106)
4. didn’t know the land; and people change the land. 1. is
D–F (page 95) 5. got 2. Humans grow food and build things. All of these activities 2. are
Answers will vary. 6 did, go impact the air and land on the Earth. 3. isn’t
7. went 3. People try to protect natural places with clean air and water 4. hurts
LISTENING A Conversation about Emma Stokes laws. These laws do often change the natural places over time
8. Did, find so they are not as dirty. 5. hurts
A (page 96) 9. discovered
D (page 106)
10. knew EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 102–103)
1. Country: Republic of the Congo 1. F (the Pacific Ocean)
Continent: Africa B (page 99) 1. Possible answer: Trash in our oceans hurts sea creatures living
there. Trash doesn’t disappear quickly, and over time, the 2. T
2. Possible answer: Endangered/At risk means that the animal
population is not strong. The animal may not exist or be alive /əd/ or /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ materials and chemicals from the trash affect the water. 3. T
anywhere on Earth in the future. guided camped died 2. Possible answers: It tells how long certain kinds of trash take 4. F (100,000)
3. Possible answer: She hopes to protect gorillas and other protected helped discovered to break down or disappear. Plastic objects are worse for the 5. T
animals and to teach humans how to live with them peacefully. ocean because they take the longest to go away. 6. F (People need to stop using so much plastic.)
voted jumped received
3. Answers will vary.
B (page 97) risked E (page 107)
1. b
C (page 99) LESSON A Vocabulary • plastic in last 10 yrs > 1900s
2. c • 50% plastic used, use 1 time
Answers will vary. C (page 105) • average American plastic trash = 185 pounds a year
3. c • Americans throw away 35 bil. water bottles a year
4. a 1. worst • people in world use > 1 mil. plastic bags a minute
FINAL TASK Telling a Story 2. especially
C (page 97) 3. research F (page 107)
A–C (page 100)
 3. Emma works to protect gorillas. 4. habits 1. a
Answers will vary.
 4. Elephants walked through Emma’s camp. 5. according to 2. b
 7. The number of gorillas was surprising. 6. believe 3. a
D–E (page 97) 7. reduce 4. a
8. throw away 5. b
Possible answers:
1. Rebecca is reading a story. D (page 105)
AFTER LISTENING
2. Emma helps protect animals like gorillas in Africa and tigers in 1. reuse
Asia. She protects animals in danger of dying out (not living
2. unable
G (page 107)
anymore).
3. unsafe Answers will vary.
3. To protect the gorillas, she collects information and teaches
companies and local people to protect the land for the gorillas. 4. reread
4. Emma’s team was sleeping on an elephant path. The elephants 5. unsatisfied, redo SPEAKING
walked through at night. No one was hurt. Everyone ran, and 6. rewrite A (page 108)
they were OK. 7. unlike
5. Emma and her team found 125,000 gorillas. Answers will vary according to students’ opinions.
8. recycle
6. The gorillas were in a place most people didn’t go. It was not a 1. are/aren’t going to
site for tourists, and she was the first scientist to go there. There E (page 105) 2. are/aren’t going to
was no path for walking. Emma and her team cut a path to Answers will vary. 3. is/isn’t going to
walk and sometimes slept in trees. 4. are/aren’t going to
7. No one knew that 125,000 gorillas lived there; it was a big
surprise and good news, but people still need to care for the LISTENING Student Podcast: Oceans of Plastic 5. am/am not going to
land where they live or that number can quickly change. 6. Answers will vary.
8. The gorilla population is still in danger. If a company comes in BEFORE LISTENING B (page 108)
and cuts all the trees, it could hurt the gorillas. Also, a disease
can quickly kill a large group of animals. A (page 106) Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. C (page 109)
All of the actions should be checked.

16 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 17

D (page 109) Part 2: crowded, old cars and signs, a typical road in USA, a trash LISTENING A Conversation about Nalini C (page 119)
dump, zoo animals, crowded developments, traffic, trash in water
1. Emily: 1, 10 with pretty bird, ugly signs, burger and fries, empty buildings, oil
Nadkarni Answers will vary.
2. The group: 2, 3, 9 spill, graffiti on sign
3. Tim: 4 BEFORE LISTENING FINAL TASK Presenting a Project Using Images
D (page 113)
4. Nanjing, China: 5 A (page 116) A–D (pages 119–120)
5. Vladimir: 6 Answers will vary regarding feelings, but generally Part 1 should
leave one feeling positive about the USA due to all the natural Possible answer: I think she does projects that teach about nature Answers will vary.
6. Kumiko: 7, 8 beauty and beautiful manmade structures, and Part 2 should leave and the importance of caring for it.
one feeling negative due to the pollution, crowded and over-built
E (page 110) places, trash, and so on.
WHILE LISTENING
Possible answers.
1. According to the diagram, … AFTER VIEWING B (page 116)
2. The podcast stated that…  Jamal and Claudi are both interested in going to a talk Friday
E (page 113)
3. According to “Easy Ways You Can Use Less Plastic,”… evening.
4. According to the Clean and Green project manager, Emily, … 1. Answers will vary.  Nalini Nadkarni works to increase people’s interest in nature.
2. Possible answer: In Part 1, the woman is happy and sounds
F–G (page 110) excited about the USA. In Part 2, her voice is quieter and C (page 116)
sounds less excited. 1. a
Answers will vary.
3. Possible answer: One example is ‘fake news,’ or news stories 2. c
that want you to believe certain things that are not based on
LESSON TASK Presenting a Project Plan facts. 3. c
4. a
A–C (page 111)
LESSON B Vocabulary 5. b
Answers will vary.
B (page 114) AFTER LISTENING
VIDEO Choices 1. prisons
D (page 117)
2. guest
BEFORE VIEWING 3. garden Possible answer: Student 1 shows bias because the student
assumes people need something to do. Student 2 shows bias
A (page 112) 4. increase because the student thinks the prisoners shouldn’t have projects
1. Possible answers: The first photo shows a woman on a rock in 5. purpose because they are criminals.
a beautiful national park in Arizona, USA. The second photo 6. pretty
shows a manmade housing development in Arizona, USA.
E (page 117)
7. behavior
2. Possible answers: The first photo is more positive, beautiful, 8. criminals 1. Possible answer: Both talk about helping the environment.
and interesting; the second photo looks crowded, with a lot of The first is about taking action to change personal habits.
people and maybe noise. C (page 115) The second is about teaching people to care more and
helping people at the same time. Both help people and the
3. Answers will vary. 1. c environment. The first lesson is more general (all receive
B (page 112) 2. f benefits from cleaner parks, air, water, and so on). The second
3. h lesson is more personal—helping people in prisons.
1. legacy 2. Answers will vary.
4. e
2. image
5. b
3. generations SPEAKING
6. a
4. memories
5. profound
7. g A (page 118)
8. d 1. Possible answers: I predict English will/won’t be the global
6. extraordinary
7. wonder D (page 115) language of business in the future.
8. choice 2. Possible answers: I predict the prisoners will/won’t care about
1. prisoner nature when they get out of prison.
2. reuse; repurpose 3. Possible answers: I predict many prisons will/won’t have similar
WHILE VIEWING 3. gardening projects in the future.
C (page 113) 4. gardener 4. Possible answers: I predict some prisoners will/won’t work in
gardens in the future.
Possible images include: E (page 115) 5. Possible answers: I predict college students will/won’t work
Part 1: woman on rock, pretty road, natural, waterfalls, bears, Answers will vary. with the prison project after they graduate.
beach, the Statue of Liberty, Native American women, farms, old
6. Answers will vary.
houses, lake, mountains, canoe with woman, forest

18 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 19

UNIT 7 LOST AND FOUND B (page 126) D (pages 129–130) WHILE VIEWING
 3 A man hides a treasure for anyone to find. Possible answers. C (page 133)
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 121)  5 People like the search just as much as the treasure. Lost Ship of the Desert Check the following: beautiful, cruel, frightening, magical, peaceful
Possible answers:
What Q: What did the ship do?
1. An Egyptian mask (King Tut’s) with a black gloved hand over its WHILE LISTENING A: It went down a river.
D (page 133)
mouth.
C (page 127) Q: What did the ship have on it? 5 The tooth gets stuck in this little sand dune in the river.
2. They steal (take) things from people, stores, or other places.
A: Gold and jewels 2 A dinosaur loses a tooth.
3. Things that were lost or taken and then found again. Historical Possible answers:
1 A dinosaur is upstream.
information or topics about the past. 1. People think they can get rich. Where Q: Where did they sail?
4 The tooth is carried downstream.
2. It’s exciting to search for something and then find it. A: The Pacific Ocean, and down a river in California
EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 122–123) 3 The tooth is rolling on the riverbed.
3. He was sick and thought he was dying. When Q: When did this happen?
Possible answers: A: In 1615.
4. He wanted to give people the joy of adventure. AFTER VIEWING
1. Ramses I was an important leader in ancient Egypt. He ruled How Q: How did the ship go down?
5. He wants people to get out of their houses, go outside, and
from 1293 B.C. until his death in 1290 B.C. E (page 133)
be in nature. A: The river went dry. The ship went down in the
2. It traveled around the world. First, looters stole it from its tomb sand.
(or grave). Then it was in a museum in Canada, though no one Possible answers.
6. The hunt is exciting.
knew it was Ramses I. Many years later, a museum in Atlanta, Lost Treasure Ships 1. I think he means that you must ask questions no one else
Georgia (USA) bought it. Finally, a researcher in the museum thinks of. People thought Ibrahim was crazy because he looked
in Atlanta discovered it was Ramses I and returned it to Luxor, AFTER LISTENING What Q: What did the ships do? for something for years, which seems crazy to many people.
Egypt. A: They sank to the bottom of the ocean. Answers will vary on the last question.
D (page 127)
3. In a museum in Egypt. Answers will vary for the second part. Q: What did the ships have on them? 2. His work can help us understand life and patterns of weather
Answers will vary. and other events on the Earth.
A: Treasure.
LESSON A Vocabulary Where Q: Where did they sail?
SPEAKING LESSON B Vocabulary
C (page 125) A: From Spain to Florida.
A (page 128) Q: Where did they sink? B (page 134)
1. g
1. When you were a child, what was your favorite object? A: Off the coast of Florida. 1. history
2. c
2. As a child, where did you hide your special objects? When Q: When did this happen? 2. culture
3. f
3. What did you search for last week? A: In 1715. 3. ancient
4. h
4. When you last lost something important, what did you do? 4. century
5. a How Q: How did the ships sink?
6. e B (page 128) A: They sank in a storm. 5. rules
7. b 6. religion
Answers will vary. E (page 131)
8. d 7. information
C (page 129) Answers will vary. 8. peace
D (page 125) 1. Q: Who was Carl Faberge?
LESSON TASK Talking about Your Life C (page 135)
1. sandy A: He was an artist.
2. gold/golden 1. e
2. Q: When did Alexander give his wife the first egg? A–D (page 131)
3. mysterious 2. g
A: In 1885. Answers will vary.
4. lucky 3. f
3. Q: How often did Alexander give his wife an egg?
5. colorful 4. b
A: Every year. VIDEO Dinosaur Detective
6. powerful 5. a
4. Q: How many eggs did the family have?
7. magical 6. h
A: They had 50 eggs. BEFORE VIEWING 7. d
8. peaceful 5. Q: What happened to Alexander and his wife during the
Russian Revolution? A (page 132) 8. c
E (page 125)
A: They were killed. 1. He’s a National Geographic Explorer. He’s a paleontologist. D (page 135)
Answers will vary. 6. Q: What happened to the eggs during the Russian Revolution? 2. Possible answer: Dinosaur fossils (bones).
information – informative (or informational)
A: Someone took them. They disappeared. 3. In the desert.
LISTENING Interview with a Treasure Hunter religion – religious
7. Q: Where are the eggs today?
B (page 132) history – historical
A: 43 are in museums, but 7 are still missing.
BEFORE LISTENING 8. Q: How much are the eggs worth today?
1. d peace – peaceful
2. a culture – ultural
A (page 126) A: Each egg is probably worth millions of dollars today.
3. e E (page 135)
Answers will vary.
4. f
Answers will vary.
5. c
6. b

20 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 21

LISTENING A Guided Tour of the British UNIT 8 BREAKTHROUGHS E (page 145) 5. won’t
Museum Possible two-part verbs: 6. could
THINK AND DISCUSS (page 141) go: go around, go away, go back, go on 7. won’t
BEFORE LISTENING Possible answers: break: break up, break away, break down 8. may

A (page 136) 1. A fingerprint at a lab. It’s important because it might give bring: bring up, bring back, bring on, bring over B–C (page 149)
information about someone who did something wrong. give: give away, give up, give in
Possible answers: Possible answers:
2. One breakthrough is social media. It has changed the way take: take away, take up, take in, take over, take on
1. A building or place that has things from the past. people communicate all over the world. 1. I don’t think it’s OK. It could hurt the clone mother. Also, there
2. In London, England, U.K. F (page 145) are many cats looking for a home now.
3. A very old stone with writing by someone named Cyrus. Maybe EXPLORE THE THEME (pages 142–143) 2. I think a person can spend his or her money how he or she
1. over wants.
he’s telling people the news or some other information. Possible answers: 2. back 3. I’m not sure it’s smart to bring animals back that are very
4. The owners of the company make the rules, or the bosses and 1. Cells are the smallest part of all living things. Plants, animals,
managers. Leaders do in a country. Parents at home. Teachers 3. off dangerous. What will they eat?
and humans are made of cells.
in a class. 4. from 4. I love science-fiction movies! They give us ideas about the
2. DNA holds all information or instructions about different parts future.
of plants, animals, and people. For example, it has information 5. off
WHILE LISTENING about hair, skin, eye color, and so on. DNA gives instructions to D (page 150)
the cells to develop the different parts of the living thing. LISTENING A Class Discussion about Cloning
B (page 136) 1. Lara and Andy
3. There are many reasons scientists learn about cells and DNA,
and many different ways they use the information. One 2. Lara
1. a BEFORE LISTENING
2. a example is to learn about diseases. With the information, they 3. Lara
can find cures for diseases. A (page 146) 4. Andy
3. b
Answers will vary. 5. Lara
C (page 137) LESSON A Vocabulary 6. Lara
1. b B (page 144) WHILE LISTENING 7. Andy
2. c 8. Lara
1. several B (page 146)
3. b
2. copy  2. The class is about cloning extinct animals. E (page 150)
4. b
3. machine  4. Cloning animals may have good and bad points. The expression used the most is I think … The following
D (page 137) 4. control expressions are also used:
5. expensive C (page 146) 1. Lara: I’m not sure it’s a good idea.
Possible answers.
6th century B.C. (First Persian Empire); 539 B.C. (Cyrus Cylinder 6. become 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T 2. Andy: I think it’s interesting.
created); 1879 (Cyrus Cylinder found); 1880 (British Museum gets 7. latest 3. Lara: I think it’s scary!
D (page 147)
Cyrus Cylinder) 8. exist 4. Andy: …I think cloning a pet might be OK.
1. I don’t think (Against)
C (page 144) 5. Lara: That’s amazing!
AFTER LISTENING 2. I think (For)
6. Lara: That’s strange.
1. copy 3. I’m not sure (Against)
E (page 137) 7. Andy: It’s a bit expensive.
2. machine 4. I don’t think (Against)
Answers will vary. 8. Lara: I think it’s better to get one that is already alive…
3. exist
4. control AFTER LISTENING F (page 150)
SPEAKING 5. become E (page 147) Answers will vary.
A–C (page 138–139) 6. several
Pros (a good idea) Cons (not a good idea)
Answers will vary. 7. expensive LESSON TASK
8. latest -help animal in danger of -not natural; died for reason; might
becoming extinct hurt people A–C (page 151)
FINAL TASK Presenting a Personal History D (page 145) -expensive to clone Answers will vary.
A–E (pages 139–140) Possible answers: -problems when try to control
nature VIDEO A Chance to See Again
Answers will vary. 1. c (I get along well with my roommates.)
2. b (When I get back, I’ll read my emails.)
SPEAKING BEFORE VIEWING
3. d (He got off the train at the wrong stop.)
4. a (I got up late this morning.) A (page 148) A (page 152)
1. could 1. f 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. e 6. c
2. might
3. could
4. may not

22 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 23

B (page 152) LISTENING B (page 158) • lawyers: As introduced in this unit, lawyers may use the
information in court to help show that someone is innocent or
1. It’s worse in Africa, India, and other developing or lower- A (page 156) 1. Scientists guilty.
income countries. It’s less serious in wealthier (developed) 2. becoming • computer scientists: As introduced in this unit, DNA might
countries. Correct predictions (not to be checked until later) are: be used to write programs to analyze DNA data; maybe help
3. can
2. Possible answers: 1. b 2. a 3. b companies that provide personal family research (Ancestry.com,
4. information
It might be worse because there are not enough doctors; FamilyTreeDNA, etc.)
B (page 156) 5. police
people don’t have money for doctors.
Note: Students may guess that people in these countries have 1. b 2. b 3. a 6. computer FINAL TASK Group Presentation:
genes for blindness, but this does not seem to be the case. It’s 7. technology DNA in the Real World
more about lack of money and access to doctors.
C (page 157)
8. could
1. unhealthy; healthy A–E (pages 159–160)
C (page 159)
WHILE VIEWING 2. eye; grow Answers will vary.
3. replace; part Possible answers.
C (page 153) • biologists/earth scientists: As in Unit 6, DNA might be used to
Possible answers. D (page 157) look at the impact of plastics on animals, or to identify new
species.
1. A place where a doctor helps people with eye problems. 1. 39
• historians/archaeologists: As the Unit 7 video shows, extinct
2. At first, some people were afraid. 2. 10 species such as dinosaurs are tested to see relationships to each
3. They changed their minds and decided it was OK to go the 3. 20 other and to animals today.
second year because many people were helped the first year. 4. smallest • police: As in introduced in this unit, DNA might be used to find
The doctor fixed their blindness, and the people could see criminals.
5. your parents
again.
6. a machine
D (page 153) 7. stem
1. hospital 8. don’t yet
2. family
E (page 157)
3. 82
Answers will vary.
4. hurt
5. thousands F (page 157)
6. help Possible answers:
DNA Research in Medicine
AFTER VIEWING
Pros (a good idea) Cons (not a good idea)
E (page 153) Treatment could help people The treatment might fail; it
Possible answers. and their families; it could could possibly hurt someone;
change people’s lives for the someone could die as a result;
People can care for older people by walking with them or taking
better; it might save lives. it might be very expensive and
them meals; they can help tutor children; they can give food or
difficult to pay back.
clothing to people who need it, and so on.

LESSON B Vocabulary SPEAKING

C (page 155) A (page 158)

Schwa syllables are underlined
1. bone
1. bi-o-lo-gy
2. consider
2. tech-no-lo-gy
3. simple
3. ther-a-py
4. treatment
4. pro-blem
5. healthy
5. com-pu-ter
6. parts
6. sci-en-tist
7. heart
7. con-trol
8. replace
8. cri-mi-nal
D (page 155)
Answers will vary.

24 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 25