Understand The Design of General Hospital

Understand The Design of General Hospital.
PhD. Eng. Arch. Mazen Fani
AL Andalus University – Syria

www.au.edu.sy
m.fani@au.edu.sy
ABSTRACT: Use over time of hospital
A hospital and other health facilities shall be

planned and designed to observe appropriate
architectural practices, to meet prescribed
functional programs, and to conform to
applicable codes as part of normal professional
practice.
1800 1850 1900 1950 2018
DEFINITION of Hospital
Classification of Hospital
hos·pi·tal
A hospital is a health care institution

providing patient treatment with
specialized staff and equipment.
An institution providing medical and

surgical treatment and nursing care for
sick or injured people.
Hospital
System Size Function Owner Specialty
 Allopathic  50  Primary Care  Government  General

 Homeopathy  150  Secondary Care  Private  Specialist
 Ayurvedic  200  Tertiary Care  Voluntary  Super Specialist
 Unani  250  Teaching
 Siddha  1000  Research
 Naturopathy  1500
 Yogic  above
Building Attributes Hospital design staff
Why hospital design science is important?  Architect, Biomedical Engineer and

Doctors
 Hospitals are the most complex of building  Biomedical engineer and Doctors
types. Each hospital is comprised of a wide responsible for: Function, Proper
range of services and functional units. Location, Utilities & Operating
 A functional design can promote skill, Conditions of Medical Equipment.
economy, conveniences, and comforts; a  Architect responsible for: studying
non-functional design can impede activities information given by the biomedical
of all types, detract from quality of care, and engineer and considering it for the
raise costs to intolerable levels. final design.
pg. 1/22 Understand The Design of General Hospital PhD. Eng. Arch. Mazen Fani
General hospital relationship 5. Internal medical treatment division:
 Operation Theaters.
 Intensive Care Unit.
Admin  Maternity Section.
 Central Sterilization Department.
6. Inpatient division:
 Patient wards.
Diagnostic
 Nurses wards.
Inpatient & treatment Outpatient  Inpatient services.
7. Research and Teaching Division.
General requirements
Research
Service &
teaching The following general requirements are to be
obtained:
1. Environment:
A hospital and other health facilities shall
Division / Units be so located that it is readily accessible
to the community and reasonably free
The Main divisions of the hospital are: from undue noise, smoke, dust, foul odor,
flood, and shall not be located adjacent to
1. Administration division.
railroads, freight yards, children's
2. Outpatients division: playgrounds, airports, industrial plants,
 Outpatient clinics.
disposal plants.
 Pharmacy.
 Emergency.
2. Occupancy:
 Bed-Related Inpatient Functions.
A building designed for other purpose
3. Diagnostic services division: shall not be converted into a hospital.
 Laboratories.
 Radiology. (Diagnostic).
3. Safety:
4. Therapeutic services division: A hospital and other health facilities
 Physical therapy.
shall provide and maintain a safe
 Radiology (Therapeutic).
environment for patients, personnel and
public.
Accurate patient Effective caregiver Secure medication

identification communication administration
Reduce infection Access & share

risk medication
Information
PATIENT
SAFETY
Identify inherent Reduce FLU and
population risk PNU
Active personal &

Stop pressure family Protect fragile
ulcers involvement patient
4. Security: 8. Parking:
A hospital and other health facilities shall A hospital and other health facilities shall
ensure the security of person and property provide a parking space.
within the facility.
Security risk
analysis Emergency
Patient
Patient and parking
visitors
New threat parking
Software
Awareness
implementation
Employee’s parking
Response Staff
plan trainin Patient parking
Patient
communication
9. Zoning:
5. Flexibility : The different areas of a hospital shall be
 Follow modular concepts of space grouped according to zones as follows:
planning and layout as possible.
 Served by modular, easily accessed, and
easily modified mechanical and electrical Outer
systems. zone
 Open-ended design, with well-planned
Service
directions for future expansion; for zone Inner
instance positioning "soft spaces" such as
Second zone
administrative departments, adjacent to zone
"hard spaces" such as clinical laboratories.
Deep
zone
6. Accessibility: Service
 All areas inside and outside the hospital zone
should be designed to be easy to use by
the all kinds of patients with temporary or
permanent handicaps. Outer Zone
 Ensuring grades are flat enough to allow
easy movement and sidewalks and  Areas that are immediately accessible to the
corridors are wide enough for two public: emergency service, outpatient service,
wheelchairs or stretchers to pass easily. and administrative service.
 They shall be located near the entrance of the
7. Waste Disposal : hospital.
Liquid waste shall be discharged into an
approved public sewerage system. Second Zone
radioactive waste and others waste to be
collected and treated in accordance to  Areas that receive workload from the outer
international rules. zone: laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology.
 They shall be located near the outer zone.
Radiology
Laboratory
Pharmacy
Main
Lobby
Inner Zone 10. Hospital Circulation
 Areas that provide nursing care and  Hospitals, like the small cities they are
management of patients: nursing service. likened to, contain main circulation routes
 They shall be located in private areas but often described as hospital streets. The
accessible to guests. way, in which the different parts of the
hospital are assembled, as a coherent
Deep Zone whole but with the parts differentiated.
 The following circulations are usually
 Areas that require asepsis to perform the considered in hospitals design and
prescribed services: surgical service, delivery planning:
service, nursery, and intensive care.
 They shall be segregated from the public  Patient Circulation
areas but accessible to the outer, second and  Medical Staff Circulation
inner zones.  Material Circulation
 Visitors Circulation
Service Zone  Waste Circulation
 Support Staff circulation
 Areas that provide support to hospital
activities: dietary service, housekeeping  Certain areas shall be restricted for some
service, maintenance and motor pool service, circulation.
and mortuary.  For example:
 They shall be located in areas away from
normal traffic.  No visitor’s circulation shall be allowed
in Operating Theater area, isolation
Outer zone rooms and laboratory workshop.
Second zone  Circulation of sterilized / clean and dirty

materials in CSSD, Operating Theater
must not have the same path.
Inner zone
 Staff & Patient circulation should be

Deep zone
differentiate in Operating Theater.
Service zone
The circulation for Outpatient Clinic
Clinic Layout
Patient
Waiting C/E C/E Treatment Dirty
Area Rooms Rooms Room Store Utility
Linking to Main
Entrance or Staff corridor Linking to staff
Hospital Street areas
C/E C/E C/E Clean Procedure
Reception Rooms Rooms Rooms Utility Room
Natural Day light
The designating areas for, staff and visit patients (family) in Intensive Care Patient Room.
11. Functional Relationship
Arrangement of Elements and Divisions
pg. 6/22
MAIN ROAD
PARKING EMERGENCY ENTRY MAIN ENTRY SERVICE ENTRY
ADMIN. ZONE MAIN LOBBY PHARMACY SERVICE LOBBY
DIAGNOSTIC EMERGENCY LOBBY OPD IPD
 Cardiac Cath  Covered space for Ambulance.  Registration area.  Waiting admission.  Service lobby.
 Lab.  Lobby, Reception, Waiting.  Waiting area.  Records room.  Substation.
 Angiogram  Police room.  Consulting room.  Nursing room.  Oxygen plant.
 Gama Ray  Record room.  Records room.  Doctor’s room.  Garbage room.
 ECG  Stretcher storage.  Nurse room.  Patient transfer area.  Firefighting equip. store.
 ETT  Exam room.  Cardiology clinic.  Toilet M/F.  Laundry.
 ECO  Nursing station.  Toilet.  Kitchen.
Understand The Design of General Hospital

 Radiology & Imaging Dept.  Minor OT.
 X-Ray  Equipment room.
 Ultrasonogram  Autoclave room.
 CT Angiogram Dept.  Doctor’s area.
 Microbiology Dept.  Emergency store.
 Biochemistry Dept.  Toilet.
 Serio logy OT, ICU, CCU, Ward
PhD. Eng. Arch. Mazen Fani

Administration Divisions
Entrance
Other External
Service Admin Clinics
Direct access
Indirect access
Internal Service
Area of the Department (USPHS):

- 100 Bed = 100 m2 - 200 Bed = 215 m2
 Location:
 Very close to main entrance of the hospital.
 Entrance area, registration, accounts should Outpatients’ Zone “External Outpatient
face the entrance, while the manager office Clinics”
should be back for privacy.
To
Hospital To the X-ray, Labs,
Physical therapy
Retiring Admitting
Business
Medical Records WC Office WC Stairs
Cashier
Lobby & Pharmacy

Tel. & Waiting
Info room
Staff lounge Social Director
Library
Conference
Service Nursing Administrator
Treatment
Cons.
- 100 Bed = 363 m2 - 200 Bed = 567 m2
Patient circulation Exam Staff

Staff circulation
Outpatients’ Zone “Emergency”
Emergency entry
Lobby
In
Out
Register Waiting WC
Utilities
X-ray Emergency
Pharmacy
Operation
Entrance OP Clinic
Maternity
Direct access
Internal
 Location:
Indirect access
 Close to the main entrance of the hospital.

 Close to the diagnostic services (labs and
 Location: x-ray).
 Very close to the exit door of the emergency.  Close the pharmacy.
 Very close to the Radiology.
 Close to the Pharmacy, Laboratories and
Central Sterilization. Area of the Department (USPHS):
 Direct access to the stairs and elevators. - 100 Bed = 350 m2 - 200 Bed = 540 m2
In-patients’ Zone Diagnostic Services “Radiology”
CSD X-Ray A&E LAB
Medical Ward Emergency Clinics
I.C.U
Surgical Ward
Operating Rooms
Utility Operation
Maternity Ward
Store Radiology Maternity
Delivery unit
Adjacent
In-Patient Ward Easily accessible
Direct access
Internal Indirect access
Dept.
 Location:
 Very close to the emergency department
and external clinics.
 Easily accessible from internal division.
 Ground floor is preferred.
Area of the Department (USPHS): Area of the Department (USPHS):

100 Bed = 8 m2 /Bed 200 Bed = 11.5 m2 /Bed - 100 Bed = 104 m2 - 200 Bed = 240 m2
Diagnostic Services “Laboratories / Pathology”

Therapeutic Services “Physical therapy”
Emergency Internal
Clinics. Dept.
Main
Clinics Entrance
Central
Storages
Labs Operation
Maternity
Blood Bank
Direct access Physical therapy
Indirect access
Direct access
Indirect access
Internal
Dept.
 Location:
 Very close to the emergency department
and external clinics.
 Easily accessible from internal division.  Location:
 Easily accessible from maternity and surgery  Close to the main entrance of the hospital.
departments.  Easy accessible from external clinics.
 Accessibility from central storages.  Easy accessible from internal division.
 Must be in the ground floor.

- 100 Bed = 60 m2 - 200 Bed = 103 m2 - 100 Bed = 104 m2 - 200 Bed = 225 m2
Internal Medical Treatment “Operation Theatre” Internal Medical Treatment “Intensive Care Unit”
Wards Wards
Supplies
I.C.U
House keeping Operation Recovery
and Cleaning I.C.U
Theatre Operating
Pathology
Rooms
Diagnostic
X-ray Administration Emergency
Direct access
Emergency
Indirect access Direct access
Indirect access
 Location:
 Very close to the Intensive Care division and  Location:
should be touchable both of them.  Very close to the recovery room in the
 Close to the central Sterilization division of operation theatre.
the Hospital.  Can be easily accessible from the
 Close to the Inpatient wards. emergency division by elevator.
 Can be easily accessible from the
Emergency division. Area of the Department (USPHS):
Must be designed 1-2% of hospital beds
Frozen Section
Anesthesia Lab
Room
Patients Internal Medical Treatment “Central Sterilization”
Doctors
Doctors
Lockers Operating
Scrub-up Rooms
Nurses Nurses
Lockers
Internal
Service
Central Instrument
Sterilizing Supervisor Sub-
Store Clean up
Sterilizing Surgery Maternity
Dept. C.S.D
Cleaning
Utilities
Sterile
First Corridor Emergency

In same floor
Patient’s entrance C. Clinics
Patients exit
In various floor Laundry Storages
Scrub up
Anesthesia
Prep.
Operating Theatre
Utility/disposal  Location:
 Close to the operation theatre and maternity
Second Corridor
division.
 Can be easily accessible from the
emergency division, laundry and central
storages.

- 100 Bed = 360 m2 - 200 Bed = 550 m2 - 100 Bed = 65 m2 - 200 Bed = 110 m2
General Service “Kitchen” Alternative Building Forms & Massing
Food
Storage Service
Entry
Internal
Direct access Kitchen Dept.
Indirect access
 Location:
 In the ground floor or basement floor. Articulated Tower
 Direct opening to the service entrance.

- 100 Bed = 195 m2 - 200 Bed = 355 m2
General Service “General Storage”
Service Kitchen High Block (Vertical)

entry
Laundry
General All Hospital

In other floors Storage Dept.
In the same floor
Pharmacy
 Location:
 In the ground floor or basement floor.
 Close to Kitchen and Laundry Pavilion
 Direct opening to the service entrance.

- 100 Bed = 260 m2 - 200 Bed = 520 m2
Functional Relationship
Low Block (Horizontal)
Tower on Base
Program Analysis
Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity, furniture, equipment and utility.
Space Area in M2
Administrative Service
Lobby
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Information and Reception Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Business Office 5.02/staff
Medical Records 5.02/staff
Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff
Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and Housekeeping Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29
Supply Room 5.02/staff
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary
Dietitian Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65
Food Preparation Area 4.65
Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal Area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
Clinical Service
Emergency Room
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Space Area in M2
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65
Scrub-up Area 4.65
Clean-up Area 4.65
Dressing Room 2.32
Toilet 1.67
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor’s Closet 3.90
Nursing Unit
Semi-Private Room with Toilet 7.43/bed
Patient Room 7.43/bed
Toilet 1.67
Isolation Room with Toilet 9.29
Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room
Receiving and Releasing Area 5.02/staff
Work Area 5.02/staff
Sterilizing Room 4.65
Sterile Supply Storage Area 4.65
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse 5.02/staff
Ancillary Service
Space Area in M2
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink 10.00
Pathologist Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Radiology
X – Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area and Toilet 14.00
Dark Room 4.65
Film File and Storage Area 4.65
Radiologist Area 5.02/staff
Pharmacy 15.00
Notes:
 0.65/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time.
 5.02/staff – Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one (1) chair,
space for occasional visitor, and space for aisle.
 1.40/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time.
 7.43/bed – Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed, space for
occasional visitor, and space for passage of equipment.
 1.08/stretcher – Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1)
stretcher.
PROGAMME A GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR 250 BED
UNIT
SL NO DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION QUANTITY TOTAL AREA REMARKS
AREA
OUT-PATIENT CLINICS AND SERVICES WITH INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPT.

2 2
1 Registration area 1 34 m 34 m 50 person
2 2
2 Waiting area 1 225 m 225 m 200 person
2 2
3 Consulting and exam 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.1 Medicine 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.2 Eye clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.3 ENT clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.4 Dermatology and allergy 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.5 Orthopedic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.6 Neurology 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.7 Nephrology 2 16 m 32 m 3.7
2 2
3.8 Thoracic clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.9 Cardiology clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.10 Gen. surgery clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.11 Lungs function clinic 2 16 m 32 m
UNIT
AREA
2 2
3.12 Urology clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.13 Gastro-intestinal clinic 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.14 Diabetes 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.15 Mental health 2 16 m 32 m
2 2
3.16 Dental clinic 2 16 m 16 m
2 2
4 Nursing room 2 16 m 32 m
2
Total 803 m
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY DEPT.
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 Consulting and exam room 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.1 Ante natal care 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.2 Post natal care 1 16 m 16 m
4 Consulting & exam. Room Gynae.
2 2
4.1 Internal medicine 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
4.2 Oncology 1 16 m 16 m
4.3 Urology 1 2 2
16 m 16 m
2 2
4.4 Endocrinology 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
5 Ultrasound room 2 12 m 24 m
2 2
5.1 Reception 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.2 Waiting 1 14 m 14 m
2 2
5.3 Technical staff’s room 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
6 Colposcopy 1 22 m 22 m
2 2
7 Laparoscopy 1 22 m 22 m
2 2
8 R.T.I 1 2m 2m
9 Lactation management cent.
2 2
9.1 Counseling room 1 36 m 36 m
2 2
9.2 Store 1 10 m 10 m
10 Family planning
2 2
2 2
2
Total 406 m
UNIT
AREA
PEDIATRIC DEPT.
2 2
1 Registration area 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
2 Waiting area 1 70 m 70 m
3 Consulting and exam room
2 2
3.1 Pediatric surgery 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.2 General pediatric 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.3 Neonatology 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.4 Gastro-intestinal 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
4.5 Nephrology 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.6 Neurology 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.7 Cardiology 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.8 Mental health 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
4 Oral rehydration therapy 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
2 2
4.2 Store 1 10 m 10 m
5 Expanded program (E.P.I)
2 2
2 2
5.2 Treatment room 1 22 m 22 m
2 2
5.3 Store 1 10 m 10 m
6 Nutrition rehabilitation unit 1
2 2
2 2
6.2 Store 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
7 Children play area 1 60 m 60 m
2 2
9 Social welfare
2 2
9.1 Reception 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
9.2 Waiting area 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
9.3 Rooms for social worker 2 11 m 22 m
2 2
9.4 Meeting room 1 14 m 14 m
2
Total 486 m
COMMON OPD SERVICES
2 2
1 Main OPD portico and foyer 1 76 m 76 m
UNIT TOTAL
SL NO DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION QUANTITY REMARKS
AREA AREA
2 2
2 Main OPD lobby with recept. 1 100 m 100 m 100 person
2 2
3 Central waiting area for OPD 1 100 m 100 m 30 person
2 2
4 OPD medical records room 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5 Admission section 1 36 m 36 m
2 2
6 Public toilet (Male) 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
7 Public toilet (Female) 1 18 m 18 m
8 Pharmacy
2 2
8.1 Waiting area 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
8.2 Dispensing desk 1 8m 8m
2 2
8.3 Pharmacist’s room 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
8.4 Preparation room 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
8.5 Medicine store 1 28 m 28 m
2
Total 440 m
DAYCARE OT COMPLEX
2 2
1 Registration area 1 8m 8m
2 2
2 2
3 OT 2 36 m 72 m
2 2
3.1 Scrub up area 1 6m 6m
2 2
3.2 Gowning area 1 4m 4m
2 2
3.3 Equipment room 1 6m 6m
2 2
3.4 Autoclave room 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3.5 Trolley prep. room 1 14 m 14 m
2 2
3.6 Ante room 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
3.7 Soiled utility wash 1 8m 8m
2 2
3.8 Sluice 1 6m 6m
2 2
4 Pre-operative room 1 28 m 28 m
2 2
5 Post-operative room 1 60 m 60 m
2 2
6 Nursing station 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
7 Doctor’s locker (Male) 1 5m 5m
2 2
8 Doctor’s locker (Female) 1 5m 5m
2 2
9 Doctor’s toilet(Male) 1 8m 8m
2 2
10 Doctor’s toilet(Female) 1 8m 8m
UNIT
AREA
2 2
11 Doctor’s lounge 1 13 m 13 m
2 2
12 Doctor’s meeting room 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
13 Staff’s locker, changing room (M) 1 5m 5m
2 2
14 Staff’s locker, changing room (F) 1 5m 5m
2 2
15 Staff’s toilet (Male) 1 8m 8m
2 2
16 Staff’s toilet (Female) 1 8m 8m
2
Total 307 m
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCY
2 2
1 Portico and foyer 1 50 m 50 m
2 2
2 covered space for ambulance 2 18 m 36 m
2 2
3 Lobby and reception area 1 52 m 52 m
2 2
4 Police room 1 14 m 14 m
2 2
2 2
6 Record room 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
7 Stretcher storage 1 12 m 12 m 5 person
2 2
8 Exam room (Male) 1 14 m 14 m 1 person
2 2
9 Exam room (Female) 1 14 m 14 m 1 person
2 2
10 Observation room (Male) 1 56 m 56 m 5 person
2 2
11 Observation room (Female) 1 56 m 56 m 5 person
2 2
12 Nursing station 1 10 m 10 m 2 person
2 2
13 OT for minor operations 1 36 m 36 m
2 2
13.1 Scrub up area 1 6m 6m
2 2
13.2 Gowning area 1 4m 4m
2 2
13.3 Equipment room 1 6m 6m
2 2
13.4 Autoclave room 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
13.5 Sluice 1 6m 6m
2 2
14 Mobile X-ray 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
15 Room for plaster application 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
16 Room for plaster removal 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
17 Duty doctor’s room 2 8m 16 m
2 2
18 Duty doctor’s rest room 2 10 m 20 m
2 2
19 Doctor’s lounge 1 14 m 14 m 8 person
UNIT
AREA
2 2
20 Doctor’s meeting room 1 10 m 10 m 6 person
2 2
21 Nurses rest room with locker 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
22 Emergency store 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
23 Common toilet (Male) 1 8m 8m
2 2
24 Common toilet (Female) 1 8m 8m
2
Total 566 m
DIAGNOSTIC, RADIOLOGY & IMAGING, TREATMENT SERVICES
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 Radiologist’s room 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
3.1 Record room 1 5m 5m
2 2
4 X-ray 2 34 m 68 m
2 2
4.1 X-ray unit 2 5m 10 m
2 2
4.2 Change room 2 7.5 m 13 m
2 2
4.3 Dark room 1 13 m 13 m
2 2
4.4 Control room 2 5m 10 m
2 2
4.5 Store room 1 8m 8m
5 MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)
2 2
5.1 MRI unit 1 36 m 36 m
2 2
5.2 Control room 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.3 Processing room 1 14 m 14 m
6 CT scan 1
2 2
6.1 CT scan unit 1 34 m 34 m
2 2
2 2
6.3 Processing room 1 4m 4m
7 Mammography 1
2 2
7.1 Mammography unit 1 34 m 34 m
2 2
2 2
8 ECG 2 14 m 14 m
2 2
9 Ultra sonogram 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
10 Endoscopy 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
11 Room for technical staff 1 5m 5m 4 person
UNIT
AREA
2 2
12 Staff meeting room 1 10 m 10 m 6 person
2 2
13 Common toilet (Male) 1 14 m 14 m
2 2
14 Common toilet (Female) 1 18 m 18 m
2
Total 459 m
PATHOLOGY
2 2
1 Waiting for pathology 1 26 m 26 m 30 person
2 2
2 Registration area 1 16 m 16 m
2 2
3 Pathologist’s room 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
3.1 Record room 1 5m 5m
2 2
4 Sample collection area 1 18 m 18 m
5 Laboratory 1
2 2
5.1 Serology 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.2 Bacteriology 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.3 Urinalysis 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.4 Microbiology 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.5 Hematology 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
5.6 Biochemistry 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
6 incubator 1 10 m 10 m
2 2
7 Washing and sterilization 1 7m 7m
2 2
8 Blood bank 1 4m 4m
2 2
9 Store 1 4m 4m
2 2
9.1 Space for technical staff 1 3m 3m
2 2
9.2 Test room 1 12 m 12 m
2 2
9.3 Blood donation room 1 8m 8m 1 person
2 2
9.4 Recovery room 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
10 Common toilet (Male) 1 9m 9m 6 person
2 2
11 Common toilet (Female) 1 9m 9m
2 2
12 Diagnostic report distribution 1 28 m 28 m
2
Total 255 m
PHYSIOTHERAPY
2 2
1 Waiting 1 14 m 14 m 25 person
2 2
2 Physiotherapy room 2 24 m 48 m 6 person
UNIT
AREA
2 2
3 Technical staff room 1 5m 5m
2 2
4 Store 1 4m 4m 2 person
2 2
2 2
2
Total 89 m
AUDIOLOGY/AUDIOMETRY
2 2
2 2
2 Sound proof audiometry room 2 14 m 28 m
2 2
3 Physiotherapist room 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
4 Store 1 4m 4m
2
Total 61 m
SPEECH THERAPY
2 2
2 2
2 Therapy room 1 40 m 40 m
2
Total 51 m
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
2 2
2 2
2 Occupational therapist room 1 80 m 80 m
2 2
3 Physiotherapist room 1 18 m 18 m
2 2
4 Store 1 4m 4m
2
Total 113 m
IN PATIENT CLINICS AND SERVICES FOR OT COMPLEX
2 2
1 Common reception area 2 13 m 13 m
2 2
2 Waiting area 2 26 m 52 m
2 2
3 Patient transfer area 2 42 m 84 m
2 2
4 Common toilet (Male) 2 9m 18 m
2 2
5 Common toilet (Female) 2 9m 18 m
2
Total 198 m
SUBSTATION
2 2
1 Generator 2 48 m 96 m
2 2
2 Transformer 1 96 m 96 m
UNIT
AREA
2 2
3 AHU 180 m 180 m 6 rooms
2 2
4 Air conditioning plant 1 96 m 96 m 1 person
2 2
5 Boiler 1 100 m 100 m 6 nos.
2 2
6 Controlling office /staff 1 10 m 10 m 3 groups
2 2
7 Pump room + Electrical room 2 10 m 20 m
2 2
8 Pent house, elevator machine 6 16 m 100 m
2
Total 678 m
2
Total Area 38.226 m
2
Circulation Area (35% of total area) 13.393 m
2
Grand total area 51.660 m
Conclusion: This definition facilitates the implementation of

evidence-based design and it is prepared for
This research presents understand the design of ongoing updates.
general hospital generating and evaluating
hospital designs from a holistic perspective. The correlation factor drives the generation of the
conceptual design, as a basis for further
The present study aims to solve the architectural architectural design exploration.
design problem as a response to the
requirements and preferences of the “What stands out to me is this: We know who the
functionalities and performances, and people are who are coming through the doors.
contributes to optimized hospital design and But as we built the persona for a person who
finally improved hospitals. comes into the hospital on an ambulance, into
the ER, and eventually moves to an in-patient
This approach emphasizes the practical stay, we felt more and more how intense it must
applicability for architects, engineers and be for the patient.
hospital planners.
It’s our day job, and we are used to it. But this
This approach consists of formal descriptions of person is sick and vulnerable, and here we are
hospital functionalities, architectural qualities and descending with advice, interventions, meds,
engineering qualities. education….
A qualitative study of hospital design and hospital It was really good to have the front line providers
functionality defines the base of the formal and staff from different departments involved in
descriptions, described by a correlation matrix this activity so we can support the patient and
and a correlation factor. each other better during busy times on the floor.”
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Bobrow and Julia Thomas, Thomas M. Payette
and Shoping Chin, Stephen A. Kliment-Series
Cox, Anthony and Groves, Philip, Hospitals and Editor, Building Type Basics for Healthcare
Health-Care Facilities: A Design and Facilities:, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, Hoboken,
Development Guide: London: Butterworth New Jersey.
Architecture, 1990.
Wilbur H. Tusler, SMP, San Francisco,
Cynthia Hayward, Space Med Guide: A Space California, with Frank Zilm James T. Hannon,
Planning Guide for Healthcare Facilities: HA and Mary Ann Newman, Programming: The
Ventures and Hayward & Associates, LLC, Ann Third Dimension.
Arbor, Michigan.
E. Maxwell and Dale R. Brown, Programming Design Details for Health: Making the Most of
Processes for Military Health Care Facilities, Design's Healing Potential, 2nd Edition by
Clarence United States Army, Washington, D.C. Cynthia A. Leibrock and Debra Harris. New York:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. — Innovative
John P. Petronis, Strategic Asset design solutions in key areas such as lighting,
Management: An Expanded Role for Facility acoustics, color, and finishes.
Programmers, Architectural Research
Consultants, Alberquerque, New Mexico. Sound & Vibration: Design Guidelines for
Health Care Facilities by the Acoustics
Miller, Richard L. and Swensson, Earl S., New Research Council. 2010.
Directions in Hospital and Healthcare Facility
Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995. Healthcare Facility Planning: Thinking
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Nostrand Reinhold, 1993. Executives, 2016.

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Understand The Design of General Hospital.

PhD. Eng. Arch. Mazen Fani

AL Andalus University – Syria

ABSTRACT: Use over time of hospital

A hospital and other health facilities shall be

A hospital is a health care institution

An institution providing medical and

System Size Function Owner Specialty

 Allopathic  50  Primary Care  Government  General

Building Attributes Hospital design staff

Why hospital design science is important?  Architect, Biomedical Engineer and

Accurate patient Effective caregiver Secure medication

Reduce infection Access & share

Active personal &

Second zone  Circulation of sterilized / clean and dirty

 Staff & Patient circulation should be

Natural Day light

11. Functional Relationship

Arrangement of Elements and Divisions

PARKING EMERGENCY ENTRY MAIN ENTRY SERVICE ENTRY

ADMIN. ZONE MAIN LOBBY PHARMACY SERVICE LOBBY

DIAGNOSTIC EMERGENCY LOBBY OPD IPD

Understand The Design of General Hospital

PhD. Eng. Arch. Mazen Fani

Area of the Department (USPHS):

Lobby & Pharmacy

Patient circulation Exam Staff

 Close to the main entrance of the hospital.

CSD X-Ray A&E LAB

Medical Ward Emergency Clinics

Area of the Department (USPHS): Area of the Department (USPHS):

Diagnostic Services “Laboratories / Pathology”

Area of the Department (USPHS): Area of the Department (USPHS):

First Corridor Emergency

Area of the Department (USPHS): Area of the Department (USPHS):

Area of the Department (USPHS):

General Service “General Storage”

Service Kitchen High Block (Vertical)

General All Hospital

Area of the Department (USPHS):

Low Block (Horizontal)

OUT-PATIENT CLINICS AND SERVICES WITH INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPT.

Conclusion: This definition facilitates the implementation of

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