Shakedown and plastic design of steel structures

Abstract: The earthquake analysis of buildings and structures can be performed by finding
solution of the optimization problem of shakedown analysis, which takes into account the
nonlinear properties of materials. Such analysis has several advantages. – External actions are
introduced as the set of the load cases, that’s why we can solve the problem for all direction of
seismic load and for every scheme of live load at once. – As part of the solution of the
optimization problem we can take into account the nonlinear behaviour of the elements. These
limits are determined by the possible direction and magnitude of seismic loads. Some attention
has been paid to the practical application of the proposed mathematical model. A mathematical
model created for solving the problem of minimal volume design steel frame structures at
shakedown. The shakedown and stability (for a part of the truss) constraints-conditions as well
as the structure’s stiffness requirements (i.e. the restriction of displacements and deflections)
are evaluated. Extreme energy principles of the deformable body mechanics, as well as
shakedown and mathematical programming theories of elastic-plastic structures are used in the
work for creating the structure’s volume optimization problem. A mathematical model of the
optimization problem of shakedown analysis for seismic protected systems is proposed.
Analysis reveals additional reserve of bearing capacity of such structures, due to the ability to
limited plastic redistribution of forces in elements, taking into account the plastic and brittle
fracture of elements. Identification of reserves of bearing capacity is especially important to
accidental design situations such as seismic action. The principles of shakedown analysis are
counterparts to those of limit analysis in the sense that they provide static and kinematic
approaches to the question of whether or not shakedown will occur for a body under multiple
variable loading conditions. Shakedown analysis is a vital and developing topic in plasticity
and a great number of applications have been made. Since the shakedown analysis provide no
information about the magnitude of the plastic deformations and residual displacements
accumulated before the adaptation of the structure, therefore for their determination bounding
theorems and approximate methods have been proposed. The constructions are equipped with
systems bearing structures of various elastic-plastic and brittle elements absorbing energy of
seismic actions. The determination of safety margins for civil engineering structures under
varying loadings is a major issue for modern engineering design. Direct methods and
particularly shakedown analysis is the only suitable tool for this issue. The recently developed
direct method that was named RSDM-S, for the shakedown analysis of civil engineering
structural elements. The method is an iterative procedure, which with the aid of the
decomposition of the residual stress field into Fourier series, shrinks the load domain until the
residual stresses become constant in time. Presented approach is based on the assumption that
the complementary strain energy of the residual forces is considered as an overall measure of
the plastic performance for plastic shakedown analysis and optimal design of the structure, and
this measure is an uncertain quantity responsible for resistance of the structure by assuming
Gaussian distribution. The problems yield to nonlinear mathematical programming which are
solved by the use of bi-level sequential quadratic algorithm. Optimum plastic shakedown
analysis of framed steel structures with semi-rigid connections (SRC) between beam and
columns subjected to multi-parameter static loading presented. Since shakedown analysis does
not provide information concerned with the accumulated residual displacements,
complementary strain energy of the residual force (CSERF) considered as constrain to evaluate
the post yield behaviour of framed steel structures. The constraints on the CSERF are modelled
using probabilistic and deterministic methods.
Keywords: Shakedown analysis, complementary strain energy, plastic deformation, residual
displacement, probability of failure, optimal shakedown design, energy principle,
mathematical programming, steel structures, finite element method, object-oriented
programming, object model, limit and shakedown analysis, composite steel-concrete frames,
elastic-plastic and brittle elements, seismic-protected systems, Reliability-based design
optimization, complementary strain energy, shakedown analysis, Gaussian distribution.
References:
1) Piotr Alawdin and George Bulanov (2017), “Shakedown Analysis of Composite
Steelconcrete Frame Systems with Plastic and Brittle Elements under Seismic Action”.
2) Majid Movahedi Rad(2018), “A Review of Elasto-Plastic Shakedown Analysis with
Limited Plastic Deformations and Displacements”.
3) Valentinas Jankovski and Juozas Atkočiūnas (2010), “Optimal Shakedown Design of
Steel Frame Structures by Saosys Toolbox Software”.
4) Jazeel R. Chukkan, Guiyi Wu and Michael E. Fitzpatrick (2018), “Residual stress
redistribution during elastic shakedown in welded plates”
5) Majid Movahedi Rad (2019), “Optimal Plastic Analysis of Structures under Uncertain
Conditions”.
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the Reliability based Shakedown Analysis and Optimal Design of Skeletal Structures”.